CN114710170B - Medium-length wave automatic antenna tuning circuit and system - Google Patents

Medium-length wave automatic antenna tuning circuit and system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114710170B
CN114710170B CN202210303011.1A CN202210303011A CN114710170B CN 114710170 B CN114710170 B CN 114710170B CN 202210303011 A CN202210303011 A CN 202210303011A CN 114710170 B CN114710170 B CN 114710170B
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signal
circuit
antenna tuning
antenna
radio frequency
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CN114710170A (en
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桑原�
王小伟
陈国新
程宇峰
许欣
路东晓
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Beijing Bbef Science and Technology Co Ltd
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Beijing Bbef Science and Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/005Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges
    • H04B1/0064Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges with separate antennas for the more than one band
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/02Transmitters
    • H04B1/04Circuits
    • H04B1/0458Arrangements for matching and coupling between power amplifier and antenna or between amplifying stages
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06Receivers
    • H04B1/16Circuits
    • H04B1/18Input circuits, e.g. for coupling to an antenna or a transmission line
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses a medium-long wave automatic antenna tuning circuit and a system, which comprise a signal sampling unit, a radio frequency matching unit and a antenna tuning control unit, wherein the signal sampling unit is respectively connected with the radio frequency matching unit and the antenna tuning control unit, the antenna tuning control unit is connected with the radio frequency matching unit, the signal sampling unit is used for collecting an electric signal corresponding to the antenna impedance of a working frequency point, the antenna tuning control unit is used for calculating the sampled signal and outputting a corresponding driving signal to the radio frequency matching unit according to a calculation result, and the radio frequency matching unit is used for adjusting circuit parameters according to the driving signal so as to realize matching of the input impedance of the antenna tuning circuit and the output impedance of a transmitter and realize full-frequency-band automatic adjustment of matching impedance.

Description

Medium-length wave automatic antenna tuning circuit and system
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a medium-long wave automatic antenna tuning circuit and a system.
Background
At present, the medium-length wave communication utilizes the ground wave mode propagation and combines the special signal detection technology, so that the requirement of a communication system on the signal to noise ratio can be effectively reduced, and the medium-length wave communication system is widely applied to the military and civil fields. High power medium and long wave communication systems typically include a service terminal, a transmitter, a receiver, an antenna, and the like.
Currently, the system antenna adopts a broadband antenna, which has a length of about 140 meters and a weight of about 3.5 tons, and is buried in the ground in advance. The high-power medium-long wave communication system only meets the fixed application mode at present under the restriction of a broadband antenna.
In order to meet the maneuvering use requirements of complex landform environments such as jungle, mountain land and the like and different scenes, a 150-meter ground-laying antenna is selected, the weight of the antenna body is about 20 kg, and flexible moving and convenient laying can be realized. The 150-meter ground-laying antenna belongs to a narrow-band antenna, and cannot meet the system index requirement of VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) less than or equal to 1.5 in the whole communication frequency band.
Therefore, how to meet the system index requirement in the whole communication frequency band is a problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a medium-long wave automatic antenna tuning circuit and a system, wherein the antenna tuning circuit is arranged between a transmitter and an antenna, the input impedance of the antenna tuning circuit is adjusted by detecting the corresponding antenna impedance when different transmitting signal frequencies, so that the input impedance is matched with the output impedance of the transmitter, the full-band automatic adjustment and matching of the antenna are realized, the VSWR of an effective load connected with an output port of the transmitter is less than or equal to 1.5, and is as close to a 50 ohm pure resistance state as possible, the effective transmitting power of the transmitter transmitted to the antenna is improved, and important support is provided for breaking through the fixed use mode of a high-power medium-long wave communication system on the premise of meeting the technical index of the system, and adapting to a maneuvering and flexible application scene.
In a first aspect, the above object of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the utility model provides a well long wave automatic antenna tuning circuit, including signal sampling unit, radio frequency matching unit, the sky transfers the control unit, signal sampling unit is connected with radio frequency matching unit, sky adjusts the control unit respectively, the sky transfers the control unit to be connected with the radio frequency matching unit, signal sampling unit is used for gathering the signal of telecommunication that operating frequency point antenna impedance corresponds, sky adjusts the control unit and is used for carrying out the operation to the sampling signal, and output corresponding drive signal for radio frequency matching unit according to the operation result, radio frequency matching unit is used for according to drive signal, adjust circuit parameter, in order to realize antenna tuning circuit's input impedance and transmitter output impedance match.
The application is further provided with: the signal sampling unit comprises a voltage signal sampling circuit and a current signal sampling circuit, wherein the voltage signal sampling circuit is used for sampling the voltage of the radio frequency input signal, and the current signal sampling circuit is used for sampling the current of the radio frequency input signal.
The application is further provided with: the day control unit comprises a signal preprocessing module, a processor module and a driving circuit module which are connected in sequence, wherein the signal preprocessing module is used for processing an electric signal to obtain a preprocessed signal and transmitting the preprocessed signal to the processor module, the processor module is used for digitizing and operating the preprocessed signal to obtain a control signal and transmitting the control signal to the driving circuit module, and the processor module is also used for communicating with the outside; the driving circuit module is used for outputting driving signals according to the control signals.
The application is further provided with: the signal preprocessing module comprises a mixing circuit, a filtering circuit and an amplifying and shaping circuit which are connected in sequence and is used for mixing the sampled electric signal with the local oscillation signal, obtaining a difference frequency signal through the filtering circuit, amplifying and shaping the difference frequency signal and performing logic operation to obtain a preprocessed signal.
The application is further provided with: the amplifying and shaping circuit comprises an amplifying circuit, an inverting circuit and an exclusive OR circuit which are connected in sequence and is used for amplifying and shaping the filtered signals.
The application is further provided with: the processor module comprises a control chip for performing analog-to-digital conversion, digital signal processing, storage and communication with the outside on the sampling signal.
The application is further provided with: the driving circuit module comprises an I/O expansion chip and a high-current driving chip, wherein the I/O expansion chip is used for expanding an input/output interface, and the high-current driving chip is used for outputting driving signals to the radio frequency matching unit according to control signals of the antenna tuning control unit.
The application is further provided with: the radio frequency matching unit comprises at least one transformer, at least one capacitor, at least one inductor and at least one relay, and controls the action of each relay according to the driving signal of the antenna control unit, and the needed transformer value, capacitor value and inductor value are selected to form a matching circuit, wherein the primary side of the selected transformer is used for connecting radio frequency input, and the secondary side of the selected transformer is sequentially connected with the selected capacitor and the selected inductor; the output of the selected inductor, or the output of the selected capacitor, or the output of the transformer secondary is used for connecting the radio frequency output.
The application is further provided with: using an adjustable inductor for forming at least one inductance, forming at least one transformer from a transformer combining transformation ratios, forming at least one capacitance from a set of dichotomically determined capacitances; the series network consists of a selected capacitor and a selected inductor and is used for matching the reactance value of the antenna end; the transformer is selected for matching the antenna resistance to form impedance matching.
In a second aspect, the above object of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the application relates to a medium-long wave automatic antenna tuning system, which comprises a antenna tuning system, a transmitter, a receiver and an antenna, wherein the antenna tuning system comprises the antenna tuning circuit, the input of the antenna tuning system is connected with the output of the transmitter, and the output of the antenna tuning system is connected with the antenna; the antenna system is used for adjusting the input impedance of the antenna system to be matched with the output impedance of the transmitter according to the frequency of the signal to be transmitted.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial technical effects that:
1. according to the application, the antenna tuning control unit is arranged, A/D conversion is carried out on the sampling signal, a tuning algorithm is carried out to obtain a driving signal, the device configuration is selected, and the matching of the input impedance and the output impedance of the transmitter is realized;
2. further, the application selects devices with required values to be combined by arranging the radio frequency matching unit so as to ensure that the antenna tuning circuit is matched with the output impedance of the transmitter;
3. furthermore, the application realizes full-frequency-band automatic adjustment and matching by arranging the antenna tuning circuit between the transmitter and the antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tuning circuit configuration of an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a signal sampling module according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a climate control unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a signal preprocessing unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a mixer circuit according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a filter circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is an amplifying circuit schematic of an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an exclusive OR circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a RF matching unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an antenna tuning system in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The application discloses a medium-long wave automatic antenna tuning circuit, which is shown in fig. 1 and comprises a signal sampling unit, a radio frequency matching unit and a antenna tuning control unit, wherein the signal sampling unit is respectively connected with the radio frequency matching unit and the antenna tuning control unit, the antenna tuning control unit is connected with the radio frequency matching unit, and the signal sampling unit is used for collecting an electric signal corresponding to the antenna impedance of a working frequency point and transmitting the electric signal to the antenna tuning control unit.
The antenna control unit is used for processing and operating the sampling signals and outputting corresponding driving signals to the radio frequency matching unit according to the operation result.
The radio frequency matching unit is used for adjusting the matching parameters of the circuit according to the driving signals so as to realize the matching between the input impedance of the antenna tuning circuit and the output impedance of the transmitter.
The signal sampling unit comprises a voltage signal sampling circuit and a current signal sampling circuit, wherein the voltage signal sampling circuit is used for sampling the voltage of the radio frequency input signal, and the current signal sampling circuit is used for sampling the current of the radio frequency input signal.
As shown in fig. 2, the voltage signal sampling circuit includes a series-connected capacitor assembly, the capacitor assembly includes a first capacitor C1 and a second capacitor C2, one end of the capacitor assembly is connected to the rf input, the other end is connected to the power ground, and the voltage signal of the rf signal is sampled at the series connection point of the capacitor assembly.
The current signal sampling circuit comprises a current transformer L1 and a first resistor R1, the first resistor R1 is connected with the current transformer in parallel, signals induced by the current transformer L1 from the radio frequency channel form certain voltages at two ends of the first resistor R1, and voltage values at two ends of the first resistor R1 serve as collected current signals and are transmitted to the antenna adjustment control unit.
As shown in fig. 3, the weather control unit includes a signal preprocessing module, a processor module and a driving circuit module which are sequentially connected, and the processor module communicates with the signal preprocessing module and the driving circuit module respectively in a serial manner.
The signal preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the sampled electric signals, including frequency mixing, filtering, amplifying and shaping, obtaining preprocessed signals and transmitting the preprocessed signals to the processor module.
The signal preprocessing module comprises a mixing circuit, a filter circuit and an amplifying and shaping circuit which are connected in sequence and is used for mixing the sampled electric signal with the local oscillation signal, filtering high-frequency components through the filter circuit to obtain a difference frequency signal, and amplifying and shaping the difference frequency signal and performing logic operation to obtain a preprocessed signal.
In one embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 4, a voltage signal preprocessing module and a current signal preprocessing module are included.
The voltage signal preprocessing module comprises a voltage mixing circuit, a voltage filtering circuit and a voltage amplifying and shaping circuit which are sequentially connected.
The current signal preprocessing module comprises a current mixing circuit, a current filtering circuit and a current amplifying and shaping circuit which are sequentially connected.
Since the sampled current signal is also embodied in the form of a voltage signal, the application is illustrated by a voltage signal preprocessing module, preprocessing of the current signal, and so on.
The voltage mixing circuit includes a multiplier, as shown in fig. 5, inputs the radio frequency signal rf_u and the local oscillation signal lo_u into the multiplier, and the multiplier outputs the signal mix_u, which is the desired mixing signal.
The voltage filter circuit is used for low-pass filtering, as shown in fig. 6, and comprises a pi-type filter circuit, wherein a 5-order low-pass filter is formed by two inductors and three capacitors, and high-frequency components in the mixed signal are filtered out.
The first inductor L2, the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4 form a first pi-type filter circuit, the second inductor L3, the fourth capacitor C4 and the fifth capacitor C5 form a second pi-type filter circuit, and the two filter circuits realize the filtering of the mixing signals.
The voltage amplifying and shaping circuit comprises an amplifying circuit and a shaping circuit, and the amplifying circuit comprises an amplifying circuit chip U1, a second resistor R2 and a third resistor R3, wherein the amplifying circuit chip is shown in fig. 7, and the value of the second resistor R2 and the value of the third resistor R3 determine the amplification factor.
The shaping circuit comprises an inverting circuit and an exclusive OR circuit, wherein the inverting circuit adopts an inverter and is used for performing inverting operation on an amplified signal output by the amplifying circuit.
The exclusive-or circuit adopts an exclusive-or gate, as shown in fig. 8, for performing exclusive-or logic operation on the current signal and the voltage signal to obtain a shaped signal.
The processor module comprises a processor chip and a memory, and is used for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion, digital signal processing, communication with the outside and storage on the sampling signals.
In a specific embodiment of the application, a 16-bit fixed point digital signal processor (digital Signal Processor, DSP) with high performance and low power consumption is selected as a processor chip, so that the operation requirement of an antenna tuning circuit automatic tuning algorithm can be met, the processor chip is integrated with external functions such as analog-to-digital conversion A/D, I C (Inter-Integrated Circuit), SPI (serial peripheral interface Serial Peripheral interface), serial communication interface (SCI serial communication interface) and the like, the analog-to-digital conversion A/D is used for converting acquired analog voltage signals and analog current signals into corresponding digital signals, the I2C is used for carrying out serial communication with a driving circuit module, the SPI is used for carrying out serial communication with a preprocessing module, and the required tuning signals are controlled to be generated; SCI is used as external communication interface to receive instruction from transmitter or upper computer. The SRAM is used for expanding the memory, and is convenient for software debugging and later software capacity expansion and upgrading.
The driving circuit module comprises an I/O expansion chip and a high-current driving chip which are connected in sequence, wherein the I/O expansion chip is used for expanding an input/output interface and expanding an output interface of the processor module; the high-current driving chip is used for outputting driving signals according to the control signals of the antenna control unit, providing enough driving current for each relay in the radio frequency matching unit, ensuring the reliable action of the relay and executing the control signals.
The radio frequency matching unit comprises at least one transformer, at least one capacitor, at least one inductor and at least one relay. And each relay selects a transformer, a capacitor and an inductor with reasonable parameters according to the driving signals to form different matching circuit combinations.
As shown in fig. 9, only one transformer, one capacitor, and one inductor are shown, and at least one component of the transformers, the capacitors, and the inductors is selected by the relay to form the matching circuit.
The primary of the selected transformer T1 is used for being connected with a radio frequency input signal, the secondary of the selected transformer T1 is used for being connected with one end of a selected capacitor C6 through a relay K1, the other end of the selected capacitor C6 is connected with one end of a selected inductor L4 through a relay K2, and the other end of the selected inductor L4 is used for outputting a radio frequency signal.
When the parameters are matched, the value of the capacitor or/and the inductor is zero, and at the moment, the components with the zero value are short-circuited.
If the values of the capacitance and the inductance are zero, the secondary output radio frequency signal of the transformer T1 is selected.
If the value of the inductance is zero, the secondary of the transformer T1 is selected for outputting the radio frequency signal.
At least one of the transformers is formed by a transformer with a combined transformation ratio, and an adjustable inductor is used to form at least one inductance, and the capacitances determined by a set of dichotomies form at least one capacitance.
The specific values of the selected capacitance and the selected inductance are determined by the antenna impedance, which is generally represented in complex form, comprising a resistance value and a reactance value, according to which characteristics of the antenna impedance the scheme of the radio frequency matching unit is designed to match the resistance value and the reactance value, respectively. The series network composed of the selected capacitor and the selected inductor is used for matching the impedance of the antenna end, and the selected transformer is used for matching the impedance of the antenna.
The application relates to a medium-long wave automatic antenna tuning system, as shown in figure 10, which comprises a antenna tuning system, a transmitter, a receiver and an antenna, wherein the antenna tuning system comprises an antenna tuning circuit, the input of the antenna tuning system is connected with the output of the transmitter, and the output of the antenna tuning system is connected with the antenna and is used for tuning the antenna impedance of an operating frequency point to the impedance required by the transmitter, such as 50 ohms; the antenna system is used for adjusting the input impedance of the antenna system to be matched with the output impedance of the transmitter according to the frequency of the signal to be transmitted.
The system automatically adjusts and matches the full frequency band of the antenna, so that the VSWR of the effective load connected with the output port of the transmitter is less than or equal to 1.5, and the VSWR is as close to a pure resistance state as possible, and the effective transmitting power of the transmitter transmitted to the antenna is improved.
The embodiments of the present application are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in this way, therefore: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of the application should be covered in the scope of protection of the application.

Claims (9)

1. A medium-long wave automatic antenna tuning circuit is characterized in that: the antenna tuning circuit comprises a signal sampling unit, a radio frequency matching unit and an antenna tuning control unit, wherein the signal sampling unit is respectively connected with the radio frequency matching unit and the antenna tuning control unit, the antenna tuning control unit is connected with the radio frequency matching unit, the signal sampling unit is used for collecting electric signals corresponding to the antenna impedance of a working frequency point, the antenna tuning control unit is used for calculating sampling signals and outputting corresponding driving signals to the radio frequency matching unit according to calculation results, the radio frequency matching unit is used for adjusting circuit parameters according to the driving signals, the radio frequency matching unit comprises at least one transformer, at least one capacitor, at least one inductor and at least one relay, each relay is used for selecting the transformers, the capacitors and the inductors of reasonable parameters according to the driving signals to form different matching circuit combinations, a series network consisting of the selected capacitors and the selected inductors is used for matching the impedance of the antenna end, the selected transformers are used for matching the antenna impedance to realize the matching of the input impedance of the antenna tuning circuit and the output impedance of the transmitter, and the antenna tuning unit comprises a signal preprocessing module, a processor module and a driving circuit module which are sequentially connected, and the processor module are respectively communicated with the signal preprocessing module and the driving circuit module in a serial mode; the signal preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the sampled electric signal, mixing the sampled electric signal with the local oscillation signal, filtering out high-frequency components to obtain a difference frequency signal, amplifying, shaping and logically operating the difference frequency signal to obtain a preprocessed signal, obtaining the preprocessed signal, transmitting the preprocessed signal to the processor module, and the processor module is used for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion, digital signal processing, communication with the outside and storage on the sampled signal.
2. The medium-long wave automatic antenna tuning circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the signal sampling unit comprises a voltage signal sampling circuit and a current signal sampling circuit, wherein the voltage signal sampling circuit is used for sampling the voltage of the radio frequency input signal, and the current signal sampling circuit is used for sampling the current of the radio frequency input signal.
3. The medium-long wave automatic antenna tuning circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the signal preprocessing module comprises a mixing circuit, a filtering circuit and an amplifying and shaping circuit which are connected in sequence and is used for mixing the sampled electric signal with the local oscillation signal, obtaining a difference frequency signal through the filtering circuit, amplifying and shaping the difference frequency signal and performing logic operation to obtain a preprocessed signal.
4. A medium and long wave automatic antenna tuning circuit according to claim 3, wherein: the amplifying and shaping circuit comprises an amplifying circuit, an inverting circuit and an exclusive OR circuit which are connected in sequence and is used for amplifying and shaping the filtered signals.
5. The medium-long wave automatic antenna tuning circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the processor module comprises a control chip for performing analog-to-digital conversion, digital signal processing, storage and communication with the outside on the sampling signal.
6. The medium-long wave automatic antenna tuning circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the driving circuit module comprises an I/O expansion chip and a high-current driving chip, wherein the I/O expansion chip is used for expanding an input/output interface, and the high-current driving chip is used for outputting driving signals to the radio frequency matching unit according to control signals of the antenna tuning control unit.
7. The medium-long wave automatic antenna tuning circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the radio frequency matching unit controls the action of each relay according to the driving signal of the antenna control unit, selects the needed transformer value, capacitance value and inductance value to form a matching circuit, wherein the primary side of the selected transformer is used for connecting radio frequency input, and the secondary side of the selected transformer is sequentially connected with the selected capacitor and the selected inductance; the output of the selected inductor, or the output of the selected capacitor, or the output of the transformer secondary is used for connecting the radio frequency output.
8. The medium-long wave automatic antenna tuning circuit of claim 7, wherein: using an adjustable inductor for forming at least one inductance, forming at least one transformer from a transformer combining transformation ratios, forming at least one capacitance from a set of dichotomically determined capacitances;
the series network consists of a selected capacitor and a selected inductor and is used for matching the reactance value of the antenna end;
the transformer is selected for matching the antenna resistance to form impedance matching.
9. An automatic medium-long wave antenna tuning system is characterized in that: the antenna tuning circuit comprises an antenna tuning system, a transmitter, a receiver and an antenna, wherein the antenna tuning system comprises the antenna tuning circuit according to any one of claims 1-8, the input of the antenna tuning system is connected with the output of the transmitter, and the output of the antenna tuning system is connected with the antenna; the antenna system is used for adjusting the input impedance of the antenna system to be matched with the output impedance of the transmitter according to the frequency of the signal to be transmitted.
CN202210303011.1A 2022-03-25 2022-03-25 Medium-length wave automatic antenna tuning circuit and system Active CN114710170B (en)

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