CN114710047A - Loss balance control method for full-bridge modular multilevel converter - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
Abstract
The invention discloses a loss balance control method of a full-bridge modular multilevel converter, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of collecting bridge arm current, submodule capacitor voltage and the on-off state of each power device in the submodule, calculating the average loss of each power device, judging the switching state of the submodule, and finally realizing loss balance by comparing the working time of a left bridge arm average loss adjusting submodule and a right bridge arm average loss adjusting submodule in two operation modes of the full-bridge submodule. Compared with the conventional method, the loss balancing method has the advantages of good loss balancing effect, simplicity in control, no need of increasing the construction cost of the modular multilevel converter and high economy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of multilevel power electronic converters, and particularly relates to a loss balance control method for a full-bridge modular multilevel converter.
Background
Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) have attracted much attention in the fields of flexible dc transmission, medium voltage motor drive, renewable energy grid connection, etc. by virtue of their advantages of high structure modularity, strong expandability, high output electric energy quality, high voltage dc bus, and realization of redundancy control. The full-bridge modular multilevel converter has the capability of blocking direct-current fault current, and is gradually popularized and applied to the fields of high-voltage direct-current transmission and the like at present.
The uneven distribution of the internal loss of the full-bridge submodule not only affects the service life of a power device and threatens the reliability of system operation, but also increases the design difficulty of a heat dissipation device, so that how to balance the internal loss of the full-bridge submodule is one of key technologies for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the modular multilevel converter system. The full-bridge type modular multilevel converter has two operation modes by considering the redundant switch states of the full-bridge sub-modules. The traditional full-bridge modular multilevel converter always works in one operation mode, so that loss and thermal stress imbalance of power devices in each submodule are caused.
Aiming at the problem of unbalanced distribution of internal losses of a submodule of a full-bridge modular multilevel converter, the conventional method is to enable the full-bridge submodule to work alternately in two operation modes and ensure that the working time duration is the same in each mode. The internal loss optimization of the full-bridge sub-modules can be realized through a rotation mode, but the method belongs to open-loop control and has limited equalization effect. The other method is a junction temperature feedback method, and the working time of the full-bridge submodule under two modes is corrected by introducing junction temperature feedback, so that the balance control of the loss is realized to the maximum extent. The loss balance optimization effect of the junction temperature feedback mode is good, but the control is complex, an additional sensor needs to be introduced, the operation cost of the modular multilevel converter is increased, and the economy is low. Therefore, aiming at the problem of unbalanced loss distribution in the submodule of the full-bridge modular multilevel converter, the loss balance control method which is convenient to realize, good in optimization effect and high in economical efficiency is provided, and the loss balance control method meets the actual requirement.
Aiming at the problems, a loss balance control method for a full-bridge type modular multilevel converter is designed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a loss balance control method of a full-bridge type modular multilevel converter, which corrects the working time of a full-bridge submodule under two operation modes by comparing the average loss of a left bridge arm and a right bridge arm of the full-bridge submodule in a power frequency period, and adjusts the loss of each power device in the submodule to balance the power loss of the left bridge arm and the right bridge arm. Compared with the conventional method, the method is convenient to realize, has a good optimization effect, and does not need to increase the construction cost of the modular multilevel converter.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a loss balance control method for a full-bridge type modular multilevel converter comprises the following steps:
s1, monitoring the current i of the upper and lower bridge arms of each phase in real timearm(t) monitoring the capacitor voltage U of each full-bridge submodule in real timec(t) monitoring the state function S of each power device in the full-bridge submodule in real timej(t)(j＝1～4)；
S2, calculating the average loss P of each power device in a power frequency period by utilizing the bridge arm current, the sub-module capacitor voltage and the switching state of each power deviceTj，PDj；
S3, calculating average loss P of power devices under left bridge arm of full-bridge submodule respectively2Average loss P of power device on right bridge arm3；
S4, judging the switching state of the full-bridge submodule, and changing the operation mode of the submodule when the submodule is in the switching state;
s5, comparing average loss P of power devices under left bridge arm of full-bridge submodule2And average loss P of power devices on the right bridge arm3And further correcting the working time of the sub-module in two operation modes, and realizing the total loss balance of the left bridge arm and the right bridge arm power devices of the full-bridge sub-module.
Further, the state function of each power device in S1 is:
further, the average loss calculation method of each power device in S2 in the power frequency period is as follows:
formula II, PTjThe average loss P of the jth IGBT switching tube of the full-bridge submoduleDjAverage loss of jth diode of full-bridge submodule, PTj_conIs the average conduction loss, P, of the jth IGBT switch tubeTj_swAverage switching loss of jth IGBT switching tube, PDj_conIs the average conduction loss, P, of the jth diodeDj_swIs the average switching loss of the jth diode.
Further, PTj_con，PDj_conThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
in formula III, T is a power frequency period, iTj(t) is the current flowing through the jth IGBT switch tube, iDj(t) is the current through the jth diode, VT0Is the on-state voltage drop of IGBT switching tube, VD0Is the on-state voltage drop of the diode, RCEIs the on-state resistance, R, of an IGBT switching tubeDIs the on-resistance of the diode.
Further, PTj_sw，PDj_swThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula IV, Eon() For the IGBT switching tube switching-on energy function, Eoff() For IGBT switching tube turn-off energy function, Erec() For diode reverse recovery energy function, NswjFor the switching times of the jth power device in a power frequency cycle, iTj(k) For the current that the jth IGBT flows during the kth switching, iDj(k) For the j diode flowing at the k switching timeExcessive current, Uc(k) The capacitor voltage of the submodule when the power device is switched on and off at the kth time.
Further, when the bridge arm current iarmWith positive direction, flows through the power device T1，D2，D3，T4Is zero and flows through the power device D1，T2，T3，D4The current calculation method comprises the following steps:
when bridge arm current iarmWhen the direction is negative, the current flows through the power device D1，T2，T3，D4Is zero and flows through the power device T1，D2，D3，T4The current calculation method comprises the following steps:
further, the average loss P of the power device under the left arm of the full-bridge submodule in S32And average loss P of power devices on the right bridge arm3The calculation method comprises the following steps:
further, the first operation mode of the full-bridge submodule in S4 is: the first power device and the fourth power device are conducted, and the sub-module is in an input state when the second power device and the third power device are turned off; the first power device and the third power device are conducted, and the submodule is in a cutting-off state when the second power device and the fourth power device are turned off. The second operation mode is as follows: the first power device and the fourth power device are conducted, and the sub-module is in an input state when the second power device and the third power device are turned off; the second and fourth power devices are turned on, and the submodule is in a cut-off state when the first and third power devices are turned off.
Further, the switching state of the full-bridge sub-module is determined in S4 to avoid introducing extra switching loss, that is, the operation mode of the full-bridge sub-module can be changed in S5 only when the sub-module is in the switching state.
Further, in the step S5, by comparing P2And P3And further correcting the working time of the sub-module in two operation modes to realize the loss balance of the power devices of the left bridge arm and the right bridge arm of the full-bridge sub-module, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps: if P2>P3Enabling the full-bridge sub-module to work in a first operation mode; if P2<P3Then make the full bridge sub-module work in the second operation mode, finally make P2And P3And the loss balance of the left and right bridge arm power devices in the full-bridge submodule is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the traditional full-bridge submodule control method only working in one operation mode, the loss balance control method of the full-bridge modular multilevel converter effectively balances the loss of each power device in the submodule and improves the operation reliability of the full-bridge modular multilevel converter system.
2. According to the loss balance control method for the full-bridge modular multilevel converter, the average loss of the second power device and the average loss of the third power device in the full-bridge submodule are compared, so that the working time of the submodule in two operation modes is adjusted, and loss balance is realized. Compared with the open loop control of the conventional rotation method, the loss balancing effect is obviously improved.
3. The loss balance control method of the full-bridge modular multilevel converter provided by the invention does not need to additionally increase a sensor and change the hardware structure of the modular multilevel converter system, and compared with a method adopting junction temperature feedback, the control is simpler and easier to implement, and the method has stronger economical efficiency and practicability.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an overall control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a full-bridge sub-module topology according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase modular multilevel converter topology according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a loss balance control method of a full-bridge modular multilevel converter aiming at the problem of unbalanced loss of a full-bridge submodule of the modular multilevel converter, wherein a three-phase MMC topological structure and a full-bridge submodule topological structure are shown in figures 2 and 3. The three-phase MMC is composed of six bridge arms, and each bridge arm comprises N identical full-bridge sub-modules (SM) and a bridge arm inductor Ls. The full-bridge submodule comprises 4 IGBT switching devices T1～T44 diodes D1～D4And 1 dc capacitor C.
As shown in fig. 1, a loss balance control method for a full-bridge modular multilevel converter includes: collecting bridge arm current, submodule capacitor voltage and submodule internal power device switch states; calculating the average loss of each power device in the full-bridge submodule in a power frequency period; respectively calculating the average loss of the lower power device of the left bridge arm and the upper power device of the right bridge arm of the full-bridge submodule; judging whether the full-bridge submodule is in an input state or not; and comparing the average loss of the power devices under the left bridge arm and the average loss of the power devices on the right bridge arm, further adjusting the working time of the full-bridge submodule under two operation modes, and finally realizing the balanced loss distribution of each power device in the submodule.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, monitoring the current i of the upper and lower bridge arms of each phase in real timearm(t) monitoring the capacitor voltage U of each full-bridge submodule in real timec(t) monitoring the state function S of each power device in the full-bridge submodule in real timej(t)(j＝1～4)；
S2, calculating the average loss P of each power device in a power frequency period by utilizing the bridge arm current, the sub-module capacitor voltage and the switching state of each power deviceTj，PDj；
S3, calculating average loss P of power devices under left bridge arm of full-bridge submodule respectively2Average power device loss P on right bridge arm3；
S4, judging the switching state of the full-bridge submodule, and changing the operation mode of the submodule when the submodule is in the switching state;
s5, comparing average loss P of power devices under left bridge arm of full-bridge submodule2And average loss P of power devices on the right bridge arm3And further correcting the working time of the sub-module in two operation modes, and realizing the total loss balance of the left bridge arm and the right bridge arm power devices of the full-bridge sub-module.
The state function of each power device in S1 is:
the average loss calculation method of each power device in the S2 in the power frequency period is as follows:
formula II, PTjThe average loss P of the jth IGBT switching tube of the full-bridge submoduleDjIs the jth diode of the full-bridge submoduleAverage loss of, PTj_conIs the average conduction loss, P, of the jth IGBT switch tubeTj_swAverage switching loss of jth IGBT switching tube, PDj_conIs the average conduction loss, P, of the jth diodeDj_swIs the average switching loss of the jth diode.
Wherein, PTj_con，PDj_conThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
in formula III, T is a power frequency period, iTj(t) is the current flowing through the jth IGBT switch tube, iDj(t) is the current through the jth diode, VT0Is the on-state voltage drop, V, of the IGBT switch tubeD0Is the on-state voltage drop, R, of the diodeCEIs the on-state resistance, R, of an IGBT switching tubeDIs the on-resistance of the diode.
PTj_sw，PDj_swThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula IV, Eon() For the IGBT switching tube switching-on energy function, Eoff() For IGBT switching tube turn-off energy function, Erec() For diode reverse recovery energy function, NswjFor the switching times of the jth power device in a power frequency cycle, iTj(k) For the current that the jth IGBT flows during the kth switching, iDj(k) The current flowing through the jth diode at the kth switching time, Uc(k) The capacitor voltage of the submodule when the power device is switched on and off at the kth time.
When bridge arm current iarmWith positive direction, flows through the power device T1，D2，D3，T4Is zero and flows through the power device D1，T2，T3，D4The current calculation method comprises the following steps:
when bridge arm current iarmWhen the direction is negative, the current flows through the power device D1，T2，T3，D4Is zero and flows through the power device T1，D2，D3，T4The current calculation method comprises the following steps:
average loss P of power device under left bridge arm of full-bridge submodule in S32And average loss P of power devices on the right bridge arm3The calculation method comprises the following steps:
the first operation mode of the full-bridge submodule in S4 is: the first power device and the fourth power device are conducted, and the sub-module is in an input state when the second power device and the third power device are turned off; the first power device and the third power device are conducted, and the submodule is in a cutting-off state when the second power device and the fourth power device are turned off. The second operation mode is as follows: the first power device and the fourth power device are conducted, and the sub-module is in an input state when the second power device and the third power device are turned off; the second and fourth power devices are turned on, and the submodule is in a cut-off state when the first and third power devices are turned off.
The switching state of the full-bridge sub-module is determined in S4 to avoid introducing extra switching loss, that is, the operation mode of the full-bridge sub-module can be changed in S5 only when the sub-module is in the switching state.
By comparing P in said S52And P3And further correcting the working time of the sub-module in two operation modes to realize the loss balance of the power devices of the left bridge arm and the right bridge arm of the full-bridge sub-module, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps: if P2>P3Then make the full bridge sub-dieThe block operates in a first mode of operation; if P2<P3Then make the full bridge sub-module work in the second operation mode, finally make P2And P3And the loss balance of the left and right bridge arm power devices in the full-bridge submodule is realized.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. A loss balance control method for a full-bridge type modular multilevel converter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, monitoring each phase bridge arm current i in real timearm(t) monitoring the capacitor voltage U of each full-bridge submodule in real timec(t) monitoring the state function S of each power device in the full-bridge submodule in real timej(t)(j＝1～4)；
S2, calculating average loss P of each power device in the power frequency period by using bridge arm current, sub-module capacitor voltage and the switching state of each power deviceTj，PDj；
S3, calculating average loss P of power devices under left bridge arm of full-bridge submodule respectively2Average loss P of power device on right bridge arm3；
S4, judging the switching state of the full-bridge submodule, and changing the operation mode of the submodule when the submodule is in the switching state;
s5, comparing average loss P of power devices under left bridge arm of full-bridge submodule2And average loss P of power devices on the right bridge arm3And further correcting the working time of the sub-module in two operation modes, and realizing the total loss balance of the left bridge arm and the right bridge arm power devices of the full-bridge sub-module.
2. The method for controlling loss balance of a full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to claim 1, wherein the state function of each power device in S1 is:
3. the loss balance control method for the full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to claim 1, wherein the average loss calculation method of each power device in S2 in the power frequency cycle is as follows:
formula II, PTjThe average loss P of the jth IGBT switching tube of the full-bridge submoduleDjAverage loss of jth diode of full-bridge submodule, PTj_conIs the average conduction loss, P, of the jth IGBT switch tubeTj_swAverage switching loss of jth IGBT switching tube, PDj_conIs the average conduction loss, P, of the jth diodeDj_swIs the average switching loss of the jth diode,
wherein, PTj_con，PDj_conThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
formula III, T is power frequency period, iTj(t) is the current flowing through the jth IGBT switch tube, iDj(t) is the current through the jth diode, VT0Is the on-state voltage drop, V, of the IGBT switch tubeD0Is the on-state voltage drop of the diode, RCEIs the on-state resistance, R, of an IGBT switching tubeDIs the on-state resistance of the diode,
PTj_sw，PDj_swthe calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula IV, Eon() For the IGBT switching tube switching-on energy function, Eoff() For IGBT switching tube turn-off energy function, Erec() For diode reverse recovery energy function, NswjFor the switching times of the jth power device in a power frequency cycle, iTj(k) For the current that the jth IGBT flows during the kth switching, iDj(k) The current flowing through the jth diode at the kth switching time, Uc(k) The capacitor voltage of the submodule when the power device is switched on and off at the kth time.
4. The loss balance control method of the full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to claim 3, wherein the current flowing through each power device is calculated by:
when bridge arm current iarmWith positive direction, flows through the power device T1，D2，D3，T4Is zero and flows through the power device D1，T2，T3，D4The current calculation method comprises the following steps:
when bridge arm current iarmWhen the direction is negative, the current flows through the power device D1，T2，T3，D4Is zero and flows through the power device T1，D2，D3，T4The current calculation method comprises the following steps:
average loss P of power device under left bridge arm of full-bridge submodule in S32And average loss P of power devices on the right bridge arm3The calculating method comprises the following steps:
5. the loss balance control method for the full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to claim 1, wherein the first operation mode of the sub-module in S4 is: the first power device and the fourth power device are conducted, and the sub-module is in an input state when the second power device and the third power device are turned off; the first power device and the third power device are conducted, the submodule is in a cutting-off state when the second power device and the fourth power device are turned off, and the second operation mode is as follows: the first power device and the fourth power device are conducted, and the sub-module is in an input state when the second power device and the third power device are turned off; the second power device and the fourth power device are conducted, and the submodule is in a cutting-off state when the first power device and the third power device are turned off;
the switching state of the full-bridge sub-module is determined in S4 to avoid introducing extra switching loss, that is, the operation mode of the full-bridge sub-module can be changed in S5 only when the sub-module is in the switching state.
6. The method for controlling the loss balance of the full-bridge modular multilevel converter according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the comparison P is used2And P3And then modify the sub-module atThe method is characterized in that the loss balance of the left bridge arm and right bridge arm power devices of the full-bridge submodule is realized by working time in two operation modes, and the specific method comprises the following steps: if P2>P3Enabling the full-bridge sub-module to work in a first operation mode; if P2<P3Then make the full bridge sub-module work in the second operation mode, finally make P2And P3And the loss balance of the left and right bridge arm power devices in the full-bridge submodule is realized.
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| CN115776217A (en) * | 2023-02-10 | 2023-03-10 | 东南大学 | MMC loss optimization control method, system and equipment under sub-module fault |
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| STEFFEN ROHNER 等: "Modulation, Losses, and Semiconductor Requirements of Modular Multilevel Converters", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 57, no. 8, 31 August 2010 (2010-08-31), pages 2633 - 2642, XP011295533 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115549439A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2022-12-30 | 东南大学 | MMC (Modular multilevel converter) switching loss optimization method and equipment under low-power operation |
| CN115776217A (en) * | 2023-02-10 | 2023-03-10 | 东南大学 | MMC loss optimization control method, system and equipment under sub-module fault |
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