CN114710028A - Power supply switching system and switching method - Google Patents

Power supply switching system and switching method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114710028A
CN114710028A CN202210618984.4A CN202210618984A CN114710028A CN 114710028 A CN114710028 A CN 114710028A CN 202210618984 A CN202210618984 A CN 202210618984A CN 114710028 A CN114710028 A CN 114710028A
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bridge arm
switches
converter
dickson
disconnected
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CN202210618984.4A
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CN114710028B (en
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陈烨楠
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ZJU Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center
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ZJU Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses a power supply switching system and a switching method, and relates to the field of electronic circuits. The power supply switching method is applied to a power supply switching system comprising a Dickson converter and a plurality of series capacitor Buck converters, the conduction time of a switch in the Dickson converter in one period is adjusted, so that the mode of accessing the flying capacitor into a circuit is controlled, the ratio of the period time of the Dickson converter to the period time of the series capacitor Buck converter is controlled according to the voltage conversion ratio of the Dickson converter, the average value of currents input into the series capacitor Buck converters at the conduction stage of different switches of the Dickson converter is ensured to be equal, the stabilization of flying capacitor charges of the Dickson converter in one period is realized, and the efficiency is prevented from being reduced.

Description

Power supply switching system and switching method
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to electronic circuits, and more particularly, to a power switching system and a power switching method.
Background
In recent years, with the development of electronic technology, the requirement for power supply is increasing, and the conversion from a refined small power supply to a high-voltage large power supply is shown in fig. 1, which is a common two-pole power supply switching circuit in the prior art, as shown in fig. 1, wherein the first-stage module does not need to adjust the intermediate bus voltage, and can adopt open-loop fixed duty ratio control, so that the first-stage module is called a fixed ratio module. The second stage is a voltage regulation module, the first stage module converts the 48V bus to a lower intermediate bus voltage, and the second stage module converts the intermediate bus voltage to an output low voltage.
The power switching when the existing power switching circuit works is that for the power conversion device itself, due to the change of working conditions caused by the power switching, it is required to bear higher voltage, realize higher voltage reduction ratio (for example, input voltage/output voltage, originally 12: 1, now 48: 1), and because there is an inherent Loss called Charge Sharing Loss (Charge Sharing Loss), that is, after two capacitors with unequal voltages are directly connected in parallel, their charges will be redistributed, and higher transient current will be generated in the course, in the existing power switching circuit, because there is no requirement for switch control and conduction, the voltages of the capacitors in the power switching circuit are unequal in one period, so that Loss is generated in the circuit, after the intermediate bus voltage is reduced, the transformation ratio of the first-stage module is increased, such as from 4 to 1 to 6 to 1, 8 to 1, and 12 to 1, resulting in an increased number of components required for the first stage module, and thus a reduced efficiency of the power switching circuit itself.
In view of the above-mentioned technologies, a power switching method capable of preventing the efficiency of a power switching system from being reduced and preventing the charge distribution loss is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application aims to provide a power switching system and method, so as to solve the current problem that after two capacitors with unequal voltages are directly connected in parallel, charges of the two capacitors are redistributed, and a high transient current is generated in the process, in the existing power switching circuit, because no requirement is made for switch control and conduction, voltages of the capacitors in the power switching circuit are unequal in one period, so that loss is generated in the circuit, and after the intermediate bus voltage is reduced, a transformation ratio of a first-stage module is increased, for example, increased from 4 to 1 to 6 to 1, 8 to 1, and 12 to 1, so that the number of components required by the first-stage module is increased, and thus the efficiency of the power switching circuit is reduced.
In order to solve the technical problem, the present application provides a power supply switching method, which is applied to a power supply switching system including a Dickson converter and a plurality of series capacitor Buck converters, wherein an input end of the Dickson converter is connected to a high-voltage power supply, an output end of the Dickson converter is connected to an input end of each series capacitor Buck converter, the series capacitor Buck converters are current-type loads, and an output end of each series capacitor Buck converter is connected to a load, and the method includes:
under the condition of the input of the high-voltage power supply, the mode and time of a flying capacitor access circuit are controlled by controlling the on-off and on-time of a bridge arm switch and a pass switch of the Dickson converter, so that the flying capacitors can keep unchanged in voltage in one period of the Dickson converter, wherein the Dickson converter with a voltage conversion ratio of N to 1 comprises (N-1) groups of bridge arms, each group of bridge arms consists of two switches connected in series, and comprises (2N-2) bridge arm switches positioned on the bridge arms, N pass switches are connected in series on a circuit main circuit of the Dickson converter, and (N-1) flying capacitors are arranged between a connecting point of the bridge arms and the pass switches, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;
and controlling the ratio of the cycle duration of the Dickson converter to the cycle duration of the series capacitance Buck converter according to the voltage conversion ratio of the Dickson converter so as to ensure that the average values of the currents input into the series capacitance Buck converters at the stages of closing different switches of the Dickson converter are equal.
Preferably, when N is an odd number, the method of controlling the flying capacitor access circuit by controlling on/off and on times of the arm switch and the path switch of the Dickson converter includes:
controlling the Dickson converter to enter a first conduction stage, wherein the first conduction stage is that an upper bridge arm switch of an odd bridge arm is conducted and a lower bridge arm switch of an odd bridge arm is disconnected from an output end to an input end, the upper bridge arm switch of an even bridge arm is disconnected and the lower bridge arm switch of the even bridge arm is conducted, the odd access switch is conducted and the even access switch is disconnected from the output end to the input end, and the time ratio of the first conduction stage in one period is (N + 5)/4N;
after the first conduction stage is finished, controlling the Dickson converter to enter a second conduction stage, wherein the second conduction stage is from an output end to an input end, the upper bridge arm switches of the even bridge arms are conducted, the lower bridge arm switches are disconnected, the upper bridge arm switches of the odd bridge arms are disconnected, the lower bridge arm switches are conducted, the even access switches are conducted, the odd access switches are disconnected, and the time ratio of the second conduction stage in one period is (2N-2)/4N;
after the second conduction stage is finished, the Dickson converter is controlled to enter a third conduction stage, the third conduction stage is that the bridge arm switches of the first bridge arm and the last bridge arm are all disconnected from the output end to the input end, the upper bridge arm switches of odd bridge arms are connected, the lower bridge arm switches are disconnected, the upper bridge arm switches of even bridge arms are disconnected, the lower bridge arm switches are connected, the first and the last access switches are disconnected from the output end to the input end, the odd access switches are connected and the even access switches are disconnected from other access switches, and the time ratio of the third conduction stage in one period is (N-3)/4N.
Preferably, when N is an even number, the method for controlling the flying capacitor access circuit by controlling on/off and on times of the arm switch and the path switch of the Dickson converter includes:
controlling the Dickson converter to enter a first conduction stage, wherein the first conduction stage is that an upper bridge arm switch of an odd bridge arm is conducted and a lower bridge arm switch of an odd bridge arm is disconnected from an output end to an input end, the upper bridge arm switch of an even bridge arm is disconnected and the lower bridge arm switch of the even bridge arm is conducted, the even access switch is conducted and the odd access switch is disconnected from the output end to the input end, and the time ratio of the first conduction stage in one period is (N + 2)/4N;
after the first conduction stage is finished, controlling the Dickson converter to enter a second conduction stage, wherein the second conduction stage is that the upper bridge arm switches of the even bridge arms are conducted and the lower bridge arm switches of the even bridge arms are disconnected from the output end to the input end, the upper bridge arm switches of the odd bridge arms are disconnected and the lower bridge arm switches are conducted from the output end to the input end, the even access switches are disconnected and the odd access switches are conducted, and the time occupation ratio of the second conduction stage in one period is (N + 2)/4N;
after the second conduction stage is finished, controlling the Dickson converter to enter a third conduction stage, wherein the third conduction stage is that all switches on the first bridge arm are switched off from an output end to an input end, the switches of the upper bridge arm and the switches of the lower bridge arm of other odd bridge arms are switched on, the switches of the upper bridge arm and the switches of the lower bridge arm of even bridge arms are switched off, the switches of the path switches of odd bridge arms and the last series switch are switched off and the switches of the path switches of other even bridge arms are switched on from the output end to the input end, and the time ratio of the third conduction stage in one period is (N-2)/4N;
and after the third conduction stage is finished, controlling the Dickson converter to enter a fourth conduction stage, wherein the fourth conduction stage is that all switches on the (N-1) th bridge arm are disconnected from an output end to an input end, the upper bridge arm switches and the lower bridge arm switches of the other even bridge arms are switched on, the upper bridge arm switches and the lower bridge arm switches of the odd bridge arms are switched off and switched on, the even path switches and the first series switch are switched off and the other odd path switches are switched on from the output end to the input end, and the time ratio of the fourth conduction stage in one period is (N-2)/4N.
Preferably, according to the voltage conversion ratio of the Dickson converter, controlling the ratio between the cycle duration of the Dickson converter and the cycle duration of the series capacitance Buck converter to be calculated in the following manner;
when N =3, T is satisfiedS1/3=(KTS2)/M；
When N is an odd number of 5 or more, (N-3) T is satisfiedS1/4N=(KTS2)/M；
When N is an even number of 4 or more, (N-2) T is satisfiedS1/4N=(KTS2)/M；
Wherein, TS1Period, T, of said Dickson converterS2And M is the period of the series capacitance Buck converters, M is the number of the series capacitance Buck converters, and K is a positive integer.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
every other TS1Sending a synchronous signal to control the start of any one series capacitor Buck converter and controlling the Buck converter to start every TS2And sending the synchronous signal at the time of/M to control the next series capacitor Buck converter to start.
Preferably, a voltage conversion ratio of the Dickson converter of the power switching device is 3 to 1.
Preferably, the number of the series capacitance Buck converters is three, and the series capacitance Buck converter is a two-phase series capacitance Buck converter.
In order to solve the above problem, the present application further provides a power switching system, including: a Dickson converter, a plurality of series capacitor Buck converters, a controller,
the input end of the Dickson converter is connected with a high-voltage power supply, the output end of the Dickson converter is connected with the input end of each series capacitor Buck converter, each series capacitor Buck converter is a current type load, and the output end of each series capacitor Buck converter is connected with a load;
the controller is used for controlling the on and off and on time of a bridge arm switch and a path switch of the Dickson converter under the condition of high-voltage power supply input so as to control the mode and time of the flying capacitor access circuit, so that the flying capacitors can keep voltage unchanged in one period of the Dickson converter, wherein the Dickson converter with a voltage conversion ratio of N to 1 comprises (N-1) groups of bridge arms, each group of bridge arms consists of two switches connected in series, and comprises (2N-2) bridge arm switches positioned on the bridge arms, N path switches are connected in series on a circuit main circuit of the Dickson converter, and (N-1) flying capacitors are arranged between a connecting point of the bridge arms and the path switches, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;
the controller is further used for controlling the ratio of the cycle duration of the Dickson converter to the cycle duration of the series capacitance Buck converter according to the voltage conversion ratio of the Dickson converter so as to ensure that the average values of currents input to the series capacitance Buck converters in different switch-off stages of the Dickson converter are equal.
Preferably, the system further comprises: decoupling capacitance:
one end of the decoupling capacitor is connected with the output end of the Dickson converter, and the other end of the decoupling capacitor is grounded.
The power supply switching method provided by the application is applied to a power supply switching system comprising a Dickson converter and a plurality of series capacitor Buck converters, wherein the input end of the Dickson converter is connected with a high-voltage power supply, the output end of the Dickson converter is connected with the input end of each series capacitor Buck converter, the conduction duration of a switch in the Dickson converter in one period is adjusted, so that a flying capacitor is controlled to be connected into a circuit, the flying capacitor keeps charge conservation in one period of the Dickson converter, the ratio of the period duration of the Dickson converter to the period duration of the series capacitor Buck converter is controlled according to the voltage conversion ratio of the Dickson converter, the average value of currents input into each series capacitor Buck converter at the stage of closing different switches of the Dickson converter is ensured to be equal, and the stability of the charges of the Dickson converter in one period is realized, thereby preventing a decrease in efficiency.
The power supply system provided by the present application corresponds to the power supply switching method, and the controller controls the power supply switching system according to the power supply switching method, so that the beneficial effects are the same as above, and are not described herein again.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a conventional bipolar power switching circuit;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a power switching method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a preferred power switching device provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a 5 to 1 Dickson converter according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a 7 to 1 Dickson converter provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of a 4 to 1 Dickson converter according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of a 6 to 1 Dickson converter according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a structural diagram of a power switching system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present application.
The core of the application is to provide a power supply switching system and a method, so as to solve the problem that currently, after two capacitors with unequal voltages are directly connected in parallel, charges of the two capacitors are redistributed, and a higher transient current is generated in the process, in the existing power supply switching circuit, because no requirements are made on switch control and conduction, the voltages of the capacitors in the power supply switching circuit are unequal in one period, so that loss is generated in the circuit, and after the intermediate bus voltage is reduced, the transformation ratio of a first-stage module is increased, for example, the transformation ratio is increased from 4 to 1 to 6 to 1, 8 to 1, and 12 to 1, so that the number of components required by the first-stage module is increased, and the efficiency of the power supply switching circuit is reduced.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, the following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a power supply switching method provided in an embodiment of the present application, which is applied to a power supply switching system including a Dickson converter and a plurality of series capacitor Buck converters, where an input terminal of the Dickson converter is connected to a high-voltage power supply, an output terminal of the Dickson converter is connected to an input terminal of each series capacitor Buck converter, the series capacitor Buck converters are current-type loads, and an output terminal of each series capacitor Buck converter is connected to a load, as shown in fig. 2, the method includes:
s10: controlling the on and off and the on time of a bridge arm switch and a path switch of the Dickson converter so as to control the mode and time of accessing the flying capacitor into the circuit;
through the steps, each flying capacitor can keep the voltage unchanged in one period of the Dickson converter, wherein the Dickson converter with the voltage conversion ratio of N to 1 comprises (N-1) groups of bridge arms, each group of bridge arms consists of two switches connected in series, and comprises (2N-2) bridge arm switches positioned on the bridge arms, N access switches are connected in series on a circuit main circuit of the Dickson converter, and (N-1) flying capacitors are arranged between connecting points of the bridge arms and the access switches, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;
s11: and controlling the ratio of the cycle duration of the Dickson converter to the cycle duration of the series capacitor Buck converter according to the voltage conversion ratio of the Dickson converter so as to ensure that the average values of the currents input into the series capacitor Buck converters at different switch-on stages of the Dickson converter are equal.
In the present embodiment, specific control methods are provided for control, and an example is illustrated here, fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a preferred power switching device provided in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, in which a first-stage Dickson converter is a Dickson converter with a voltage conversion ratio of 3 to 1, and a second stage includes three series-capacitor Buck converters (aSeries Capacitor Buck) voltage regulation submodule, CF1And CF2The voltage regulating submodule is directly used as an input capacitor of a second-stage voltage regulating submodule and is directly charged and discharged by a current type load. In practice, a small intermediate bus capacitor is still used to absorb a small fraction of the load current (no more than 10%) in view of system stability and absorbed switching ripple. After removing the large capacitance of the middle bus, CF1And CF2Lacks a constant voltage reference point (i.e. V)MID) The average value thereof may drift. As shown in fig. 3, C can be achieved by adjusting the on-time ratios of the control switches Q1, Q3, Q5, Q7, Q2, Q4, Q6F1And CF2The voltage of (2) is stable. Let C beF1And CF2Is equal, when 1357 is on, CF1And CF2Share load current IMIDAt 246 conduction, CF1And CF2Is equal to IMID. Therefore, 1357 needs to be set to be 2 times the 246 conduction time to ensure CF1And CF2In the conservation of charge in each switching period, it should be noted that the selection of the specific model of the Dickson converter in the present embodiment is not limited, and the structure of the Dickson converter in the present embodiment is not limited by the portion shown in fig. 3.
The second-stage voltage regulating submodule in the figure is a 3x 2-phase series capacitor Buck converter with the duty ratio of 2VLOW/VMIDAs shown in the figure, each 2-phase series capacitor Buck converter is composed of two control switches SH1, SH2, a voltage regulating capacitor CS1, two ground switches SL1 and SL2, and two output inductors L1 and L2, a first end of the control switch SH1 is connected to an output end of the Dickson converter, a second end of the control switch SH1 is connected to a first end of the control switch SH2, a second end of the control switch SH2 is connected to the ground switch SL2, non-circuit-connected ends of the ground switch L1 and the ground switch L2 are both grounded, a first end of the voltage regulating capacitor CS1 is connected to a first end of the control switch SH1, a second end of the voltage regulating capacitor is connected to a first end of the output inductor L1, and a second end of the output inductor L1 is connected to an output end of the series capacitor Buck converter, i.e. connected to a load, and output electricityThe second end of the inductor L2 is connected to the output of the series capacitance Buck converter, i.e., to the load. It can be understood that the number of the components of the series capacitance Buck converter is related to the number of phases, that is, when the number of phases is M, the converter has M control switches, M ground switches, M-1 voltage-regulating capacitors and M output inductors, and the connection mode is similar to the specific connection mode of the 2-phase series capacitance Buck converter, that is, except that the last item does not have a voltage-regulating capacitor, each of the other items can be regarded as being formed by connecting a control switch with a voltage-regulating capacitor and then connecting a ground switch and an output inductor, in this embodiment, the specific number of the output inductors is not specifically limited, and the duty ratio of the series capacitance Buck converter is M multiplied by VLOW/VMIDIn which V isLOWFor regulating the voltage at the output of the submodule, VMIDFor regulating the input of the submodule, it can be understood that the more phases of the series capacitance Buck converter, the same VMIDIn the present embodiment, the specific control manner of the switch and the corresponding control time are not limited, the lower the equivalent input voltage of each phase is.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the period of the voltage regulating sub-modules is the time that passes after all the voltage regulating sub-modules are started, and does not refer to the enabling time of a single voltage regulating sub-module, the working time of the voltage regulating sub-modules is uniformly distributed in a switching period, and each phase of Buck sub-module absorbs energy from the first-stage Dickson converter, so that, when viewed from the input end of the voltage regulating sub-module, the intermediate bus current I is measuredMIDIs a periodic pulse current with a frequency M times the switching frequency of the Buck submodule, and the pulse current is equal to the output inductor current when each phase of high-side switch SH1 is turned on.
The power switching method provided by this embodiment is applied to a power switching system including a Dickson converter and a plurality of series capacitor Buck converters, wherein an input terminal of the Dickson converter is connected to a high voltage power supply, and the output end of the Dickson converter is connected with the input end of each series capacitor Buck converter, by adjusting the on-time of the switches in the Dickson converter during a cycle, thereby controlling the mode of accessing the flying capacitor into the circuit, keeping the flying capacitor in charge conservation in one period of the Dickson converter, and controlling the ratio of the cycle duration of the Dickson converter to the cycle duration of the series capacitance Buck converter according to the voltage conversion ratio of the Dickson converter, the average value of the currents input into the series capacitor Buck converters at the closing stages of different switches of the Dickson converter is ensured to be equal, the stability of the charges of the Dickson converter in one period is realized, and the efficiency is prevented from being reduced.
In the above embodiment, a specific manner of specifically calculating how to obtain the control of the Dickson converter is not limited, and when N is an odd number, a manner of controlling the on/off and the on time of the bridge arm switch and the pass switch of the Dickson converter to control the flying capacitor access circuit includes:
controlling the Dickson converter to enter a first conduction stage, wherein the first conduction stage is that an upper bridge arm switch of an odd bridge arm is conducted and a lower bridge arm switch of an odd bridge arm is disconnected from an output end to an input end, the upper bridge arm switch of an even bridge arm is disconnected and the lower bridge arm switch of the even bridge arm is conducted, the odd access switch is conducted and the even access switch is disconnected from the output end to the input end, and the time ratio of the first conduction stage in one period is (N + 5)/4N;
after the first conduction stage is finished, controlling the Dickson converter to enter a second conduction stage, wherein the second conduction stage is that from an output end to an input end, upper bridge arm switches of even bridge arms are conducted, lower bridge arm switches are disconnected, upper bridge arm switches of odd bridge arms are disconnected, lower bridge arm switches are conducted, from the output end to the input end, even path switches are conducted, odd path switches are disconnected, and the time ratio of the second conduction stage in one period is (2N-2)/4N;
and after the second conduction stage is finished, controlling the Dickson converter to enter a third conduction stage, wherein the third conduction stage is that bridge arm switches of the first bridge arm and the last bridge arm are all disconnected from an output end to an input end, upper bridge arm switches of odd bridge arms are connected and lower bridge arm switches of odd bridge arms are disconnected, upper bridge arm switches of even bridge arms are disconnected and lower bridge arm switches are connected, the first and last access switches are disconnected from the output end to the input end, the odd access switches are connected and the even access switches are disconnected from other access switches, and the time ratio of the third conduction stage in one period is (N-3)/4N.
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a 5 to 1 Dickson converter provided in an embodiment of the present application, and fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a 7 to 1 Dickson converter provided in an embodiment of the present application, where as shown in fig. 3, 4, and 5, switches Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q11, Q12, Q13, Q14, Q15, Q16, Q17, Q18, Q31, Q32, Q33, Q34, Q35, Q36, Q37, Q38, Q39, Q40, Q41, and Q42 are all bridge arm switches, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q19, Q20, Q21, Q22, Q23, Q43, Q44, Q45, Q46, Q47, Q48, Q49, Q17, a bridge arm switch, and other switches are connected between odd bridge arm switches, and other switches are not described in detail.
During a first on-phase, in which the switches with the above-mentioned corner labels odd number are turned on and the remaining switches are turned off, the first flying capacitor is connected to VMIDConnected to reference ground, an N-1 flying capacitorHIGHAnd VMIDThe residual capacitors are connected in series two by two and then connected with VMIDFor reference, it should be noted that in the present application, the flying capacitors are counted from the output end to the input end, that is, the capacitor closest to the output end is the first flying capacitor, and the flying capacitor closest to the input end is the N-1 th flying capacitor. In a 3 to 1 Dickson converter, there is no capacitor connected V in series two by two during the first on phase, since there are only 2 flying capacitorsMIDAnd to ground. If the flying capacitor values are equal, the current of the first flying capacitor and the current of the N-1 flying capacitor are 4I during the first conduction phaseMIDN +5, the current of the rest capacitors is 2IMIDN +5, wherein, IMIDIs the current at the output of the Dickson converter.
During the second conduction phase, namely the switches with even numbers of corner marks are conducted, the other switches are turned off, and every two adjacent flying capacitors are connected in series and then connected with VMIDAnd to ground. If each flying capacitance value is equalThen during the second conduction phase, the current magnitude of each flying capacitor is 2IMID/N-1。
It should be noted that the Dickson converter with a 3 to 1 ratio does not have a third conduction phase, or the duration of this state is 0, in the conduction phase of the third state, the current of the first flying capacitor and the current of the N-1 flying capacitor are 0, and the other flying capacitors are connected in series two by two and then connected with VMIDAnd ground, their current magnitude is 2IMIDThe arrangement order of the first on-phase, the second on-phase and the third on-phase in one cycle is not limited herein.
In the embodiment, the method and the time for controlling the on/off and the on time of the bridge arm switch and the pass switch of the Dickson converter so as to control the mode and the time for accessing the flying capacitor to the circuit are specifically limited, so that each flying capacitor can be conveniently controlled in a specific mode that the voltage is kept unchanged in one period of the Dickson converter, corresponding output can be obtained through more stable control by the method, the stability of the circuit and the accuracy of calculation are ensured, and each switch can be conveniently controlled.
In the above embodiment, a specific manner for calculating a control manner of the Dickson converter with the odd-numbered control voltage conversion ratio is defined, and a preferable scheme is proposed herein, where when N is an even number, a manner for controlling the flying capacitor access circuit by controlling on and off and on times of the bridge arm switch and the pass switch of the Dickson converter includes:
controlling the Dickson converter to enter a first conduction stage, wherein the first conduction stage is that an upper bridge arm switch of an odd bridge arm is conducted and a lower bridge arm switch of an odd bridge arm is disconnected from an output end to an input end, the upper bridge arm switch of an even bridge arm is disconnected and the lower bridge arm switch of the even bridge arm is conducted, the even path switch is conducted and the odd path switch is disconnected from the output end to the input end, and the time ratio of the first conduction stage in one period is (N + 2)/4N;
after the first conduction stage is finished, controlling the Dickson converter to enter a second conduction stage, wherein the second conduction stage is that from an output end to an input end, upper bridge arm switches of even bridge arms are conducted, lower bridge arm switches are disconnected, upper bridge arm switches of odd bridge arms are disconnected, lower bridge arm switches are conducted, from the output end to the input end, even path switches are disconnected, odd path switches are conducted, and the time ratio of the second conduction stage in one period is (N + 2)/4N;
after the second conduction stage is finished, the Dickson converter is controlled to enter a third conduction stage, the third conduction stage is that all switches on the first bridge arm are switched off from the output end to the input end, the upper bridge arm switches of other odd bridge arms are switched on, the lower bridge arm switches of other odd bridge arms are switched off, the upper bridge arm switches of even bridge arms are switched off, the lower bridge arm switches of even bridge arms are switched on, the odd access switches and the last series switch are switched off and other even access switches are switched on from the output end to the input end, and the time ratio of the third conduction stage in one period is (N-2)/4N;
and after the third conduction stage is finished, controlling the Dickson converter to enter a fourth conduction stage, wherein the fourth conduction stage is that all switches on the (N-1) th bridge arm are disconnected from the output end to the input end, the upper bridge arm switches of the other even bridge arms are conducted and the lower bridge arm switches of the other even bridge arms are disconnected, the upper bridge arm switches of the odd bridge arms are disconnected and the lower bridge arm switches of the odd bridge arms are conducted, the even path switches and the first series switch are disconnected from the output end to the input end, the other odd path switches are conducted, and the time occupation ratio of the fourth conduction stage in one period is (N-2)/4N.
Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of a 4 to 1 Dickson converter provided in the embodiment of the present application, and fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of a 6 to 1 Dickson converter provided in the embodiment of the present application, where, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, switches Q51, Q52, Q53, Q54, Q55, Q56, Q61, Q62, Q63, Q64, Q65, Q66, Q67, Q68, Q69, and Q70 in the diagrams are all bridge arm switches, Q57, Q58, Q59, Q60, Q71, Q72, Q73, Q74, Q75, and Q76 are path switches, and a flying capacitor is connected between the path switches and two bridge arm switches.
During the first on-phase, i.e. the above-mentioned corner marksThe odd bridge arm switches are connected with the rest bridge arm switches and are disconnected, the path switches with the even angle marks are connected with the rest path switches and are disconnected, and the first flying capacitor is connected with VMIDConnected to reference ground, an N-1 flying capacitorHIGHAnd VMIDThe residual capacitors are connected in series two by two and then connected with VMIDAnd to ground. If each flying capacitor value is equal, then during the first state (odd ratio), the first flying capacitor current is 4IMIDN +2, other flying capacitor current is 2IMIDN +2, wherein IMIDIs the current at the output of the Dickson converter.
During a second conduction phase, namely the bridge arm switches marked with even numbers are conducted and the rest bridge arm switches are turned off, the path switches marked with odd numbers are conducted and the rest path switches are turned off, wherein the first flying capacitor is connected with VMIDWith reference to ground, if each flying capacitor value is equal, then during the first state (odd ratio), the first flying capacitor current is 4I in magnitudeMIDN +2, other flying capacitor current is 2IMIDN +2, wherein IMIDIs the current at the output of the Dickson converter.
During the third conduction phase, the current of the N-1 flying capacitor is 0, and the residual capacitors are connected in series two by two and then connected with VMIDIf each flying capacitance value is equal to the reference ground, the current magnitude of each flying capacitance value is 2IMID/N-2。
During the fourth conduction stage, the first flying capacitor current is 0, and the residual capacitors are connected in series two by two and then connected with VMIDWith reference to ground, if each flying capacitor value is equal, then the current magnitude of each flying capacitor is 2IMIDN-2, and the arrangement order of the first on-phase, the second on-phase, the third on-phase, and the fourth on-phase in one cycle is not limited herein.
In the embodiment, the method and the time for controlling the on/off and the on time of the bridge arm switch and the pass switch of the Dickson converter so as to control the mode and the time for accessing the flying capacitor to the circuit are specifically limited, so that each flying capacitor can be conveniently controlled in a specific mode that the voltage is kept unchanged in one period of the Dickson converter, corresponding output can be obtained through more stable control by the method, the stability of the circuit and the accuracy of calculation are ensured, and each switch can be conveniently controlled.
In the above embodiment, a specific manner of how to calculate the ratio of the period of the Dickson converter to the period of the capacitance converter is defined, and a preferable scheme is proposed herein, wherein according to the voltage conversion ratio of the Dickson converter, a ratio between the period duration of the Dickson converter and the period duration of the series capacitance Buck converter is controlled to be calculated and obtained in the following manner;
when N =3, T is satisfiedS1/3=(KTS2)/M；
When N is an odd number of 5 or more, (N-3) T is satisfiedS1/4N=(KTS2)/M；
When N is an even number of 4 or more, (N-2) T is satisfiedS1/4N=(KTS2)/M；
Wherein, TS1Period of Dickson converter, TS2The period of the series capacitance Buck converter is shown, M is the number of the series capacitance Buck converters, and K is a positive integer.
It should be noted that the order of the three states in the odd-numbered voltage conversion ratio Dickson converter in one switching period may be arbitrarily arranged, and the order of the four states in the even-numbered voltage conversion ratio Dickson converter in one switching period may also be arbitrarily arranged.
Generally, if there are M sub-modules in the second level, then IMIDIs a frequency MfS2The period is a pulse current.
The odd voltage conversion ratio Dickson converter, where the third state is the shortest in duration, is,
when N =3, such as T is satisfiedS1/3=(KTS2)/M
When N is an odd number of 5 or more, if (N-3) T is satisfiedS1/4N=(KTS2)/M
Wherein K, M is a positive integer. The average capacitance value of the flying capacitor of the first-stage Dickson converter can be kept stable. Of course, the flying capacitor voltage balance may be realized by feedback control without adopting the above control method.
In the even-numbered voltage conversion ratio Dickson converter, when N is an even number of 4 or more, (N-2) TS1/4N=(KTS2) and/M, wherein K, M is a positive integer. The average capacitance value of the flying capacitor of the first-stage Dickson converter can be kept stable. Of course, the flying capacitor voltage balance may be realized by feedback control without adopting the above control method.
When N =3 and M =2, the intermediate bus current IMIDHas a period of TS2/2, therefore requiring TS1Is TS2A multiple of 3 of/2, so as to ensure I in the first stage and the second stageMIDThe average values are equal. At this time, the synchronization signals of the first stage and the second stage are every 2TS1Enable once, but of course every 4, 6, or every even multiple of TS1Enable once.
In the embodiment, the enabling time of the Dickson converter and the series capacitor Buck converter is controlled by specifically controlling the cycle-time ratio of the Dickson converter and the series capacitor Buck converter, so that the current of the series capacitor Buck converter is kept in one cycle of the Dickson converter, corresponding output can be obtained through more stable control by the method, the stability of a circuit and the accuracy of calculation are guaranteed, and each switch is convenient to control.
In view of the fact that there are a plurality of series capacitance Buck converters that need to be enabled, there is provided a preferred solution wherein the method further comprises:
every other TS1Sending a driving signal to control the Buck conversion start of any one series capacitor Buck converter and controlling the Buck conversion start at intervals of TS2And sending a driving signal at the time of/M to control the starting of the next series capacitor Buck converter.
It should be noted that the control sequence of the series capacitance Buck converters mentioned in this embodiment may be any sequence, that is, control is started from any one series capacitance Buck converter until the last series capacitance Buck converter is enabled, and the start sequence of the series capacitance Buck converters is not specifically limited in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the control sequence of the plurality of series capacitor Buck converters is temporally limited, so that the sequential operation of the series capacitor Buck converters is ensured.
In view of the utility of power conversion, a preferred embodiment is provided herein in which the Dickson converter of the power switching device has a voltage conversion ratio of 3 to 1. The number of the series capacitor Buck converters is three, and the series capacitor Buck converters are two-phase series capacitor Buck converters.
Namely, the Dickson converter with the practical voltage conversion ratio of 3 to 1 and the 3x2 phase series capacitor Buck converter can meet the power conversion function used in most production and life, and simultaneously, the cost is low because the number of phases is less and the voltage conversion ratio of the converter is low.
Fig. 8 is a structural diagram of a power switching system according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 8, the system includes: dickson converter 1, a plurality of series capacitance Buck converters 2, controller 3:
the input end of the Dickson converter 1 is connected with a high-voltage power supply, the output end of the Dickson converter 1 is connected with the input end of each series capacitor Buck converter 2, the series capacitor Buck converters 2 are current type loads, and the output ends of the series capacitor Buck converters 2 are connected with the loads;
the controller 3 is used for controlling the on and off of bridge arm switches and pass switches of the Dickson converter 1 and the on time so as to control the mode and time of the flying capacitors connected into the circuit, so that the flying capacitors can keep the voltage unchanged in one period of the Dickson converter 1, wherein the Dickson converter 1 with the voltage conversion ratio of N to 1 comprises (N-1) groups of bridge arms, each group of bridge arms is formed by connecting two switches in series and comprises (2N-2) bridge arm switches positioned on the bridge arms, N pass switches are connected in series on a circuit main circuit of the Dickson converter 1 and (N-1) flying capacitors are arranged between connecting points of the bridge arms and the pass switches, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;
the controller 3 is further configured to control a ratio between a cycle duration of the Dickson converter 1 and a cycle duration of the series capacitance Buck converter 2 according to a voltage conversion ratio of the Dickson converter 1, so as to ensure that average values of currents input to the series capacitance Buck converters 2 at different switch-off stages of the Dickson converter 1 are equal.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, specific types of structures of the Dickson converter 1, the plurality of series capacitor Buck converters 2, and the controller 3 are not limited, and it is understood that the controller 3 judges the type by collecting data in the Dickson converter 1 and the series capacitor Buck converter 2, that is, energization data of the Dickson converter 1 and the series capacitor Buck converter 2, and controls the Dickson converter 1 and the series capacitor Buck converter 2 by the above method based on the judgment result.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the configuration shown in fig. 8 is not intended to be limiting of the power switching system and may include more or fewer components than those shown.
When the controller 3 of the power switching system provided in the embodiment of the application is specifically controlled, according to the information acquired by the acquisition module, the driving module can be controlled to implement the following method: the power switching method referred to in the above embodiments.
Since the embodiment of the power switching part and the embodiment of the method part correspond to each other, please refer to the description of the embodiment of the method part for the embodiment of the power switching system part and the corresponding advantageous effects thereof, which are not repeated herein.
In view of the problem of charge distribution loss, a preferred solution is proposed herein, the system further comprising: and one end of the decoupling capacitor is connected with the output end of the Dickson converter, and the other end of the decoupling capacitor is grounded. And the decoupling capacitor is added to absorb the switching ripple, so that the system stability is enhanced.
The power switching system and the power switching method provided by the present application are described in detail above. The embodiments are described in a progressive manner in the specification, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make several improvements and modifications to the present application without departing from the principle of the present application, and such improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present application.
It should also be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

Claims (9)

1. A power supply switching method is applied to a power supply switching system comprising a Dickson converter and a plurality of series capacitor Buck converters, wherein the input end of the Dickson converter is connected with a high-voltage power supply, the output end of the Dickson converter is connected with the input end of each series capacitor Buck converter, each series capacitor Buck converter is a current type load, and the output end of each series capacitor Buck converter is connected with a load, and the method comprises the following steps:
under the condition of the input of the high-voltage power supply, the mode and time of a flying capacitor access circuit are controlled by controlling the on-off and on-time of a bridge arm switch and a pass switch of the Dickson converter, so that the flying capacitors can keep unchanged in voltage in one period of the Dickson converter, wherein the Dickson converter with a voltage conversion ratio of N to 1 comprises (N-1) groups of bridge arms, each group of bridge arms consists of two switches connected in series, and comprises (2N-2) bridge arm switches positioned on the bridge arms, N pass switches are connected in series on a circuit main circuit of the Dickson converter, and (N-1) flying capacitors are arranged between a connecting point of the bridge arms and the pass switches, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;
and controlling the ratio of the cycle duration of the Dickson converter to the cycle duration of the series capacitance Buck converter according to the voltage conversion ratio of the Dickson converter so as to ensure that the average values of the currents input into the series capacitance Buck converters at different switch conduction stages of the Dickson converter are equal.
2. The power supply switching method according to claim 1, wherein when N is an odd number, the controlling the flying capacitor access circuit by controlling on/off and on times of the arm switch and the path switch of the Dickson converter includes:
controlling the Dickson converter to enter a first conduction stage, wherein the first conduction stage is that an upper bridge arm switch of an odd bridge arm is conducted and a lower bridge arm switch of an odd bridge arm is disconnected from an output end to an input end, the upper bridge arm switch of an even bridge arm is disconnected and the lower bridge arm switch of the even bridge arm is conducted, the odd access switch is conducted and the even access switch is disconnected from the output end to the input end, and the time ratio of the first conduction stage in one period is (N + 5)/4N;
controlling the Dickson converter to enter a second conduction stage, wherein the second conduction stage is that the upper bridge arm switches of the even bridge arms are conducted and the lower bridge arm switches of the even bridge arms are disconnected from an output end to an input end, the upper bridge arm switches of the odd bridge arms are disconnected and the lower bridge arm switches are conducted, the even path switches are conducted and the odd path switches are disconnected from the output end to the input end, and the time ratio of the second conduction stage in one period is (2N-2)/4N;
controlling the Dickson converter to enter a third conducting stage, wherein the third conducting stage is that the bridge arm switches of a first bridge arm and a last bridge arm are all disconnected from an output end to an input end, the upper bridge arm switches and the lower bridge arm switches of other odd bridge arms are connected, the upper bridge arm switches and the lower bridge arm switches of even bridge arms are disconnected, the first and last path switches are disconnected from the output end to the input end, the odd path switches and the even path switches are disconnected from the other path switches, and the time occupation ratio of the third conducting stage in one period is (N-3)/4N;
the first on-phase, the second on-phase and the third on-phase may be arranged in any order within one period.
3. The power supply switching method according to claim 1, wherein when N is an even number, the controlling the flying capacitor access circuit by controlling on/off and on times of the arm switch and the path switch of the Dickson converter includes:
controlling the Dickson converter to enter a first conduction stage, wherein the first conduction stage is that an upper bridge arm switch of an odd bridge arm is conducted and a lower bridge arm switch of an odd bridge arm is disconnected from an output end to an input end, the upper bridge arm switch of an even bridge arm is disconnected and the lower bridge arm switch of the even bridge arm is conducted, the even access switch is conducted and the odd access switch is disconnected from the output end to the input end, and the time ratio of the first conduction stage in one period is (N + 2)/4N;
controlling the Dickson converter to enter a second conduction stage, wherein the second conduction stage is from an output end to an input end, the upper bridge arm switches of the even bridge arms are conducted, the lower bridge arm switches are disconnected, the upper bridge arm switches of the odd bridge arms are disconnected, the lower bridge arm switches are conducted, from the output end to the input end, the even path switches are disconnected, the odd path switches are conducted, and the time occupation ratio of the second conduction stage in one period is (N + 2)/4N;
controlling the Dickson converter to enter a third conducting stage, wherein the third conducting stage is that all switches on a first bridge arm are disconnected from an output end to an input end, the upper bridge arm switches of other odd bridge arms are connected and the lower bridge arm switches are disconnected, the upper bridge arm switches of even bridge arms are disconnected and the lower bridge arm switches are connected, the odd number of path switches and the last series switch are disconnected and the other even number of path switches are connected from the output end to the input end, and the time occupation ratio of the third conducting stage in one period is (N-2)/4N;
controlling the Dickson converter to enter a fourth conducting stage, wherein the fourth conducting stage is that all switches on the N-1 th bridge arm are disconnected from an output end to an input end, the upper bridge arm switches and the lower bridge arm switches of the other even bridge arms are connected, the upper bridge arm switches and the lower bridge arm switches of the odd bridge arms are disconnected, the even path switches and the first series switch are disconnected from the output end to the input end, the other odd path switches are connected, and the time ratio of the fourth conducting stage in one period is (N-2)/4N;
the first on-phase, the second on-phase, the third on-phase and the fourth on-phase may be arranged in any order within one period.
4. The power supply switching method according to claim 1, wherein a ratio between a cycle duration of the Dickson converter and a cycle duration of the series capacitance Buck converter is controlled according to a voltage conversion ratio of the Dickson converter is calculated as follows;
when N =3, T is satisfiedS1/3=(KTS2)/M；
When N is an odd number of 5 or more, (N-3) T is satisfiedS1/4N=(KTS2)/M；
When N is an even number of 4 or more, (N-2) T is satisfiedS1/4N=(KTS2)/M；
Wherein, TS1Period of said Dickson converter, TS2Is that it isAnd M is the number of the series capacitor Buck converters, and K is a positive integer.
5. The power supply switching method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:
every other TS1Sending a synchronous signal to control the start of any one series capacitor Buck converter and controlling the Buck converter to start every TS2And sending the synchronous signal at the time of/M to control the next series capacitor Buck converter to start.
6. The power switching method of claim 1, wherein a voltage conversion ratio of a Dickson converter of the power switching device is 3 to 1.
7. The power switching method according to claim 6, wherein the number of the series capacitance Buck converters is three, and the series capacitance Buck converter is a two-phase series capacitance Buck converter.
8. A power switching system, comprising: a Dickson converter, a plurality of series capacitor Buck converters, a controller,
the input end of the Dickson converter is connected with a high-voltage power supply, the output end of the Dickson converter is connected with the input end of each series capacitor Buck converter, each series capacitor Buck converter is a current type load, and the output end of each series capacitor Buck converter is connected with a load;
the controller is used for controlling the on and off and on time of a bridge arm switch and a path switch of the Dickson converter under the condition of high-voltage power supply input so as to control the mode and time of the flying capacitor access circuit, so that the flying capacitors can keep voltage unchanged in one period of the Dickson converter, wherein the Dickson converter with a voltage conversion ratio of N to 1 comprises (N-1) groups of bridge arms, each group of bridge arms consists of two switches connected in series, and comprises (2N-2) bridge arm switches positioned on the bridge arms, N path switches are connected in series on a circuit main circuit of the Dickson converter, and (N-1) flying capacitors are arranged between a connecting point of the bridge arms and the path switches, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;
the controller is further used for controlling the ratio of the cycle duration of the Dickson converter to the cycle duration of the series capacitance Buck converter according to the voltage conversion ratio of the Dickson converter so as to ensure that the average values of currents input to the series capacitance Buck converters at different switch conduction stages of the Dickson converter are equal.
9. The power switching system of claim 8, further comprising: decoupling capacitance:
one end of the decoupling capacitor is connected with the output end of the Dickson converter, and the other end of the decoupling capacitor is grounded.
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