CN114709078A - Electret and printing method thereof - Google Patents
Electret and printing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114709078A CN114709078A CN202210415365.5A CN202210415365A CN114709078A CN 114709078 A CN114709078 A CN 114709078A CN 202210415365 A CN202210415365 A CN 202210415365A CN 114709078 A CN114709078 A CN 114709078A
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- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical group CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G7/00—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by non-mechanical means; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G7/02—Electrets, i.e. having a permanently-polarised dielectric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G13/00—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing capacitors; Processes specially adapted for manufacturing capacitors not provided for in groups H01G4/00 - H01G11/00
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of solid dielectrics, in particular to an electret and a printing method thereof; the electret comprises a substrate and a plurality of layers of electret sheets printed on the substrate, the electret is sheet-shaped, and the potential difference between any two points on the same surface of the electret is not more than 50 millivolts. The electret has charges uniformly distributed in the film to form an electret material with high charge density, and shows excellent piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties such as giant electrostrictive coefficient; the electrical properties are excellent. And the electret is directly obtained by 3D printing, and polarization treatment is not needed after printing is finished, so that the preparation process is simplified, and the preparation cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid dielectrics, in particular to an electret and a printing method thereof.
Background
An electret is a solid dielectric material with persistent polarization, in which charged dipoles are stored. Because of the directional arrangement of charge dipoles in the electret material, the material can show piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties, and the electret material is widely applied to piezoelectric ferroelectric devices and photoelectric devices such as electret microphones, sensors, generators and energy collection due to the advantages of convenient preparation and low price.
The existing electret adopts methods such as corona polarization, electrode polarization and ion beam charge injection to carry out polarization charging, so that charges can be stored in the electret. However, the electret polarized by the above-mentioned polarization method has a problem that its internal charge distribution is not uniform and the polarization efficiency is not high enough.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of uneven charge distribution of the traditional electret, on one hand, the invention provides an electret with even charge distribution; in another aspect, an electret printing method is provided, in which the charge distribution of the printed electret is uniform.
The invention provides an electret, which comprises a substrate and a multilayer electret sheet printed on the substrate, wherein the electret is sheet-shaped, and the potential difference between any two points on the same surface of the electret is not more than 50 millivolts.
Alternatively to this, the first and second parts may,
when the electret sheet is 5 layers, the potential difference between any two points on the same surface of the electret is not more than 15 millivolts;
when the electret sheet is 10 layers, the potential difference between any two points on the same surface of the electret is not more than 50 millivolts;
when the electret sheet is 20 layers, the potential difference between any two points on the same surface of the electret is not more than 50 millivolts;
when the electret sheet is 30 layers, the potential difference between any two points on the same surface of the electret is not more than 30 millivolts;
when the electret sheet is 40 layers, the potential difference between any two points on the same surface of the electret is not more than 50 millivolts;
optionally, the difference in thickness at different locations of the electret is not greater than 20 microns.
In the alternative,
when the electret sheet is 5 layers, the thickness difference of different positions of the electret is not more than 7 microns;
when the electret sheet is 10 layers, the thickness difference of different positions of the electret is not more than 7 microns;
when the electret sheet is 20 layers, the thickness difference of different positions of the electret is not more than 15 micrometers;
when the electret sheet is 30 layers, the thickness difference of different positions of the electret is not more than 15 micrometers;
when the electret sheet is 40 layers, the thickness difference of different positions of the electret is not more than 20 micrometers.
In another aspect, the present invention provides an electret printing method comprising the steps of,
s1, preparing printing ink, and heating the printing ink at 40-60 ℃ for 2-5 hours;
s2, arranging a substrate for printing layer by layer, and injecting charges during printing to enable the charges to enter an electret body;
s3, piezoelectric ferroelectric property characterization, surface potential of the electret is measured by a Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM), and charge and uniformity inside the electret are characterized.
Optionally, the printing ink comprises a polymer dielectric material, an organic solvent and acetone, wherein the mass fraction of the polymer dielectric material is 8% -14%, the mass fraction of the organic solvent is 40% -70%, and the mass fraction of the acetone is 32% -56%.
Optionally, the printing substrate is a glass substrate or an ito substrate.
Optionally, the polymer dielectric material is a copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, or trifluoroethylene.
Optionally, the organic solvent is dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone.
Optionally, during printing, the printing voltage is controlled to be 2-5kV, the substrate temperature is controlled to be 40-80 ℃, and the flow rate of the propulsion pump is 0-2 ml/h.
The electret provided by the invention has the advantages that charges are uniformly distributed in the electret to form an electret material with high charge density, and the electret material has excellent piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties such as giant electrostrictive coefficient; the electrical properties are excellent. And the electret is directly obtained by 3D printing, and polarization treatment is not needed after printing is finished, so that the preparation process is simplified, and the preparation cost is reduced.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an electret structure according to the preferred embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electret charge distribution of the preferred embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a surface potential distribution diagram of the electret of the present preferred embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a thickness profile of the electret of the preferred embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the characterization results of the thermal stimulation depolarizing current method according to the preferred embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art. In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example one
The electret provided by the embodiment comprises a substrate and a multilayer electret sheet printed on the substrate, wherein the electret is in a sheet shape, and the potential difference between any two points on the same surface of the electret is not more than 50 millivolts; the thickness difference of different positions of the electret is not more than 15 microns. The electret structure is shown in fig. 1, which belongs to a flexible electret.
The electret preparation material comprises a high-molecular dielectric material, an organic solvent and acetone, wherein the high-molecular dielectric material accounts for 8-14% by mass, the organic solvent accounts for 40-70% by mass, and the acetone accounts for 32-56% by mass; the preparation material can also comprise a two-dimensional material, wherein the two-dimensional material is selected from graphene, carbon nano tubes, piezoelectric ceramics and the like, and the mass fraction of the two-dimensional material is 0.01-0.05%; the electret material charge density control method is used for regulating and controlling charge density distribution and stability in the electret material, and influences material crystallization, grain size and phase change, so that the stability of the electret is improved.
In this embodiment, the substrate is a glass substrate or an ITO substrate.
The polymer dielectric material is polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) and the like.
The organic solvent is selected from dimethylformamide DMF and N-methylpyrrolidone NMP.
The printing electret size characteristic is designed, a printing G-code is compiled, the printing duration is controlled, the electret containing electret sheets with different layers can be printed, and the electret sheets with different thicknesses can be printed.
Measuring the surface potential of the electret by using a Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM), and indirectly representing the charge and density distribution inside the electret material, wherein in the embodiment, the charge distribution schematic diagram of the electret is shown in fig. 2, the electret stores positive charges inside, and the two outer surfaces adsorb negative charges; in the printing process, one side surface of the electret is close to the substrate, and the other side surface of the electret is a free surface, so that Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM) test results prove that the two surface potentials have different magnitudes. The test results are shown in fig. 3 and 4.
Printing an electret sheet to be 5 layers of electrets, measuring the thickness of the electrets at five different positions by a micrometer to be 21 micrometers, 16 micrometers, 14 micrometers, 15 micrometers and 17 micrometers respectively, wherein the thickness difference is not more than 7 micrometers; measuring the surface potential of the electret at two different positions on two surfaces of the electret by adopting a Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM), wherein the potential of one surface is-439 millivolts and-437 millivolts, and the potential of the other surface is-270 millivolts and-285 millivolts; the potential difference between any two points on the same surface is not more than 15 millivolts.
Printing an electret sheet to be a 10-layer polymer electret, wherein the thickness of the electret is measured by a micrometer at five different positions to be 36 micrometers, 40 micrometers, 43 micrometers, 40 micrometers and 39 micrometers respectively, and the thickness difference is not more than 7 micrometers; measuring the surface potential of the electret at two different positions on two surfaces of the electret by adopting a Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM), wherein the potential of one surface is-535 millivolts and-560 millivolts, and the potential of the other surface is-552 millivolts and-601 millivolts; the potential difference between any two points on the same surface is not more than 50 millivolts.
Printing an electret sheet to be 20 layers of electrets, measuring the thickness of the electrets at five different positions by a micrometer to be 60 micrometers, 61 micrometers, 62 micrometers, 75 micrometers and 69 micrometers respectively, wherein the thickness difference is not more than 15 micrometers; measuring the surface potential of the electret at two different positions on two surfaces of the electret by adopting a Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM), wherein the potential of one surface is-307 millivolts and-298 millivolts respectively, and the potential of the other surface is-80 millivolts and-38 millivolts respectively; the potential difference between any two points of a surface is not more than 50 millivolts.
Printing an electret sheet to be 30 layers of electrets, measuring the thickness of the electret at five different positions by a micrometer to be 107 micrometers, 99 micrometers, 95 micrometers, 98 micrometers and 100 micrometers respectively, wherein the thickness difference is not more than 15 micrometers; measuring the surface potential of the electret at two different positions on two surfaces of the electret by adopting a Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM), wherein the potential of one surface is-435 millivolts and-441 millivolts, and the potential of the other surface is-266 millivolts and-238 millivolts; the potential difference between any two points on the same surface is not more than 30 millivolts.
Printing an electret sheet to be 40 layers of electrets, measuring the thickness of the electrets at five different positions by a micrometer to be 110 micrometers, 112 micrometers, 101 micrometers, 119 micrometers and 107 micrometers respectively, wherein the thickness difference is not more than 20 micrometers; measuring the surface potential of the electret at two different positions on two surfaces of the electret by adopting a Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM), wherein the potential of one surface is-471 and-438 millivolts respectively, and the potential of the other surface is-468 and-418 millivolts respectively; the potential difference between any two points on the same surface is not more than 50 millivolts.
The electric potential of any two points on the same surface of the electret is uniform, so that a stable electret structure exists in the electret, the electric charge in the electret is uniformly distributed, the electret has high electric charge density, and excellent piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties such as giant electrostrictive coefficient are shown; the electrical properties are excellent.
Example two
This embodiment provides such an electret printing method comprising the steps of,
s1, configuring printing ink;
the printing ink comprises a high molecular dielectric material, an organic solvent and acetone, wherein the mass fraction of the high molecular dielectric material is 8%
14 percent, 40 to 70 percent of organic solvent and 32 to 56 percent of acetone;
mixing, and heating at 40-60 deg.C for 2-5 hr;
the high molecular dielectric material is a copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride or trifluoroethylene; the organic solvent is dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone.
S2, arranging a substrate for printing layer by layer, and injecting charges during printing to enable the charges to enter an electret body;
controlling the printing voltage to be 2-5kV, the substrate temperature to be 40-80 ℃, the flow rate of a propulsion pump to be 0-2ml/h, and the types of printing needles to be needle type numbers #24, #26, #27 and # 30;
printing on the substrate layer by layer, and spraying charges during printing to ensure that the charges are uniformly distributed in the electret body so that the electret can carry out in-situ polarization under the action of an electric field; thereby eliminating the need for subsequent polarization processing.
The printing needle head is connected with a direct current power supply, printing ink is ejected from the printing needle head to eject jet flow with charges, and the charges are locked inside by the liquid drops of the jet flow.
The printing substrate adopts a glass substrate or an indium tin oxide base; controlling the printing needle head to move, and printing electret pieces layer by layer, wherein each electret piece comprises a plurality of strip-shaped bodies which are sequentially connected end to end, and the plurality of strip-shaped bodies are parallel to each other and distributed at equal intervals; the strip bodies of the adjacent electret sheets are crossed vertically and horizontally; the multiple layers of electret sheets are mutually matched to form a porous structure.
The printing electret size characteristic is designed, a printing G-code is compiled, the printing duration is controlled, the electret containing electret sheets with different layers can be printed, and the electret sheets with different thicknesses can be printed.
The printing needle head is connected with a direct current power supply, when the direct current power supply is connected with a printer, one end of the power supply is connected with the printing needle head, the other end of the power supply is grounded, the direct current voltage drives the printing, and the electric charge is locked in the electret. In this embodiment, an ac power supply or a custom pulse signal may be used to drive the printing, and the charge distribution and charge density inside the printing electret may be controlled by controlling the frequency, phase, and other parameters of the signal, so that the printing electret has specific material properties.
S3, performing piezoelectric ferroelectric property characterization, measuring a surface potential of the electret film by using a Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM), and characterizing the internal charge and uniformity of the electret material, as shown in fig. 3 and 4.
Printing an electret sheet to be 5 layers of electrets, measuring the thickness of the electrets at five different positions by a micrometer to be 21 micrometers, 16 micrometers, 14 micrometers, 15 micrometers and 17 micrometers respectively, wherein the thickness difference is not more than 7 micrometers; measuring the surface potential of the electret at two different positions on two surfaces of the electret by adopting a Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM), wherein the potential of one surface is-439 millivolts and-437 millivolts, and the potential of the other surface is-270 millivolts and-285 millivolts; the potential difference between any two points on the same surface is not more than 15 millivolts.
Printing an electret sheet to be a 10-layer polymer electret, wherein the thickness of the electret is measured by a micrometer at five different positions to be 36 micrometers, 40 micrometers, 43 micrometers, 40 micrometers and 39 micrometers respectively, and the thickness difference is not more than 7 micrometers; measuring the surface potential of the electret at two different positions on two surfaces of the electret by adopting a Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM), wherein the potential of one surface is-535 millivolts and-560 millivolts respectively, and the potential of the other surface is-552 millivolts and-601 millivolts respectively; the potential difference between any two points on the same surface is not more than 50 millivolts.
Printing an electret sheet to be 20 layers of electrets, measuring the thickness of the electrets at five different positions by a micrometer to be 60 micrometers, 61 micrometers, 62 micrometers, 75 micrometers and 69 micrometers respectively, wherein the thickness difference is not more than 15 micrometers; measuring the surface potential of the electret at two different positions on two surfaces of the electret by adopting a Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM), wherein the potential of one surface is-307 millivolts and-298 millivolts respectively, and the potential of the other surface is-80 millivolts and-38 millivolts respectively; the potential difference between any two points of a surface is not more than 50 millivolts.
Printing an electret sheet to be 30 layers of electrets, measuring the thickness of the electret at five different positions by a micrometer to be 107 micrometers, 99 micrometers, 95 micrometers, 98 micrometers and 100 micrometers respectively, wherein the thickness difference is not more than 15 micrometers; measuring the surface potential of the electret at two different positions on two surfaces of the electret by adopting a Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM), wherein the potential of one surface is-435 millivolts and-441 millivolts respectively, and the potential of the other surface is-266 millivolts and-238 millivolts respectively; the potential difference between any two points on the same surface is not more than 30 millivolts.
Printing an electret sheet to be 40 layers of electrets, measuring the thickness of the electrets at five different positions by a micrometer to be 110 micrometers, 112 micrometers, 101 micrometers, 119 micrometers and 107 micrometers respectively, wherein the thickness difference is not more than 20 micrometers; measuring the surface potential of the electret at two different positions on two surfaces of the electret by adopting a Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM), wherein the potential of one surface is-471 and-438 millivolts respectively, and the potential of the other surface is-468 and-418 millivolts respectively; the potential difference between any two points on the same surface is not more than 50 millivolts.
The characterization result shows that the electric potential of any two points on the same surface of the electret is uniform, a stable electret structure in the electret can be indirectly reflected, the electric charge in the electret is uniformly distributed, the electret has high electric charge density, and excellent piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties such as giant electrostrictive coefficient are shown; the electrical properties are excellent.
In this implementation, the internal charge density of the electret material is characterized by using a thermally stimulated depolarization current method (TSD), and the indirect characterization of the electret surface potential measured by a Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM) proves that the internal charge distribution is uniform and the reliability of the internal charge density is high.
The printing electret prepared by the printing method and the casting electret prepared by the casting method of the embodiment are characterized respectively.
Results of thermal stimulated depolarization current (TSD) experiments on printed and cast electrets are shown in fig. 5, which shows the electret current as a function of temperature. For printed electrets, the current changes almost linearly from +0.1pA to-0.6 pA over a temperature range from 20 ℃ to 120 ℃. For cast electrets, the current is maintained at 0pA over a temperature range of 20 ℃ to 90 ℃, and as the temperature rises from 90 ℃ to 120 ℃, the current begins to increase sharply from 0pA to-0.6 pA.
Characterization results indicated that the printed electret contained a large amount of space charge uniformly across its thickness. The linear change in the curve indicates that the heat flow process is gradually extending from the printed electret surface to the printed electret interior region. Positive charges are distributed in the printing electret, negative charges are adsorbed on the surface of the printing electret, the trapped charges are mainly distributed in the area close to the surface of the printing electret in a low-temperature range (0-50 ℃), and the total current is positive because the density of the compensated negative charges near the surface of the printing electret is higher than that of the positive charges; as the temperature increases further, more and more positive charge from the interior region becomes active and begins to dissipate toward the printed electret surface, and the back current becomes negative. In the cast PVDF electret, the positive and negative charges exist in equal quantity, and the compensation charge distribution is not arranged around the surface of the electret, so that the total current is zero at the temperature of 20-90 ℃. With the continuous increase of the temperature, the PVDF polymer can generate phase change from a crystalline phase to an amorphous phase at the temperature of about 100 ℃, and a large amount of dipole arrangement disorder is involved; this process continues until convergence at 120 ℃.
Therefore, the experimental result of the thermal stimulation depolarization current method (TSD) shows that the electret printed by the method has uniform charge distribution and high charge density, and the reliability of uniform charge distribution and high internal charge density in the electret is indirectly represented by measuring the surface potential of the electret by a Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM).
In the electret printing method provided by this embodiment, the printing ink is configured by the polymer dielectric material, the printing needle is connected to the power supply, the printing ink is polarized in situ under the action of the electric field to eject the jet flow with charges, and the droplets of the jet flow can lock the charges inside the droplets, so that the electret forms a porous structure, and the charges are uniformly distributed in the pores and among the layers.
The electret is printed by in-situ polarization, the traditional post-treatment of corona polarization or ion beam charge injection and other processes is not needed, high-density space charge is stored in the printed electret film, and the process is simple and convenient; by controlling the mass ratio of the materials of the printing ink and the materials, the charge density distribution and the stability in the electret can be regulated and controlled, and the crystallization, the grain size and the phase change of the materials are influenced, so that the stability of the printed electret is improved.
EXAMPLE III
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment II is that the printing ink further comprises a two-dimensional material, the two-dimensional material is graphene, carbon nanotubes, piezoelectric ceramics and the like, and the mass fraction of the two-dimensional material is 0.01% -0.05%; the electret material charge density control method is used for regulating and controlling charge density distribution and stability in the electret material, and influences material crystallization, grain size and phase change, so that the stability of the electret is improved.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An electret is characterized by comprising a substrate and a multilayer electret sheet printed on the substrate, wherein the electret is sheet-shaped, and the potential difference between any two points on the same surface of the electret is not more than 50 millivolts.
2. The electret according to claim 1,
when the electret sheet is 5 layers, the potential difference between any two points on the same surface of the electret is not more than 15 millivolts;
when the electret sheet is 10 layers, the potential difference between any two points on the same surface of the electret is not more than 50 millivolts;
when the electret sheet is 20 layers, the potential difference between any two points on the same surface of the electret is not more than 50 millivolts;
when the electret sheet is 30 layers, the potential difference between any two points on the same surface of the electret is not more than 30 millivolts;
when the electret sheet is 40 layers, the potential difference of any two points on the same surface of the electret is not more than 50 millivolts.
3. The electret of claim 1 or 2, wherein the difference in thickness between different locations of the electret is not more than 20 μm.
4. The electret according to claim 1 or 2,
when the electret sheet is 5 layers, the thickness difference of different positions of the electret is not more than 7 microns;
when the electret sheet is 10 layers, the thickness difference of different positions of the electret is not more than 7 microns;
when the electret sheet is 20 layers, the thickness difference of different positions of the electret is not more than 15 micrometers;
when the electret sheet has 30 layers, the thickness difference of different positions of the electret is not more than 15 micrometers;
when the electret sheet is 40 layers, the thickness difference of different positions of the electret is not more than 20 microns.
5. An electret printing method, comprising the steps of,
s1, preparing printing ink, and heating the printing ink at 40-60 ℃ for 2-5 hours;
s2, laying a substrate for layer-by-layer printing, and injecting charges during printing to enable the charges to enter the electret body;
s3, piezoelectric ferroelectric property characterization, wherein a Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM) is adopted to measure the surface potential of the electret, and the charge and uniformity inside the electret are characterized.
6. The electret printing method of claim 5 wherein the printing ink comprises a polymer dielectric material, an organic solvent, and acetone, wherein the polymer dielectric material is present in an amount of 8-14% by mass, the organic solvent is present in an amount of 40-70% by mass, and the acetone is present in an amount of 32-56% by mass.
7. The electret printing method of claim 5 wherein the printing substrate is a glass substrate or indium tin oxide based.
8. The electret printing method of claim 6, wherein the polymeric dielectric material is polyvinylidene fluoride, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride or trifluoroethylene.
9. The electret printing method of claim 6, wherein the organic solvent is dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidinone.
10. The electret printing method of claim 5 wherein the printing voltage is controlled to be 2-5kV, the substrate temperature is 40-80 ℃, and the propel pump flow rate is 0-2 ml/h.
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| CN114709078B (en) | 2023-07-14 |
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