CN114707197A - Peacetime and war time combined hospital space layout automatic generation method and system - Google Patents
Peacetime and war time combined hospital space layout automatic generation method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a peacetime and wartime combined hospital space layout automatic generation method and system. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring design key points and total plane parameters of spatial layout of a hospital; establishing constraint conditions of hospital space layout, including an adjacent preference objective function, a ventilation condition objective function and an infection risk objective function; automatically generating an alternative scheme of the peacetime and war time combined hospital spatial layout according to design key points, total plane parameters and constraint conditions of the hospital spatial layout; solving an alternative scheme which maximally meets constraint conditions through a normalization formula to serve as an optimal scheme of the space layout of the peacetime and war time combined hospital; and carrying out the space layout of the peacetime and war time combined hospital according to the optimal scheme. The method of the invention considers the requirements of high operation efficiency and low infection risk to carry out automatic generation type design and optimization of hospital space layout, and can automatically generate peacetime and wartime combined hospital space layout with high operation efficiency at ordinary times and low infection risk in wartime.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hospital space layout, in particular to a peacetime and war time combined type hospital space layout automatic generation method and system.
Background
During epidemic situations, various governments establish infectious disease buildings or public health clinical centers for receiving and treating patients at fixed points for prevention and control. However, as the epidemic situation recedes, these buildings become vacant, resulting in waste of medical resources. On the other hand, the building layout of hospitals in different ages has limitations, and most of the building layouts of comprehensive hospitals do not have the capacity of receiving and treating respiratory infectious disease patients. For example, in case of sudden epidemic situations, a comprehensive hospital is difficult to temporarily transform into an isolated disease area meeting the requirements of three areas and two channels (a clean area, a semi-polluted area, a patient channel and a staff channel) so that an infection accident occurs in the hospital.
In order to deal with the situations of bed tension and frequent nosocomial infection during epidemic situations which may appear in the future, solve the problem of medical resource waste after epidemic situations and improve the capability of hospitals in dealing with emergent public health events, China national health committee proposes the idea of building a 'peacetime and war time combined' type hospital and puts higher demands on the construction of future hospitals.
The generation of traditional hospital spatial layout is under the limited prerequisite of land used, carries out comprehensive investigation to the actual conditions of hospital, generates the spatial layout that can satisfy the management, the operation of the inside medical technology function of hospital, can provide a comfortable environment of seeking medical advice, diagnosing again for patient, medical personnel. The 'peacetime and war time' combined spatial layout of hospitals requires that hospitals establish a complete medical system at 'ordinary times', and medical services are developed from the self-operation perspective to carry out reasonable medical positioning. The aim of coping with sudden public health events is basically in the 'wartime', and the 'ordinary-time' operation also prepares for epidemic outbreak in the 'wartime', so that the high operation efficiency is met and the infection risk is reduced.
Therefore, it is an urgent need for those skilled in the art to extract design points and plane parameters of a hospital in a "peacetime and war time combined" mode, and explore how to combine the parameters into a "peacetime and war time combined" type hospital spatial layout design, so as to automatically generate a "peacetime and war time combined" type hospital spatial layout with high operation efficiency at ordinary times and low infection risk at wartime.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for automatically generating a space layout of a peacetime and wartime combined hospital, which are used for automatically generating the space layout of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital with high operation efficiency and low infection risk in peacetime and wartime.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a peacetime and war time combined hospital space layout automatic generation method comprises the following steps:
acquiring design points of spatial layout of a hospital; the design points comprise room composition, region types, adjacent preference and ventilation requirements;
acquiring total plane parameters of spatial layout of a hospital; the total plane parameters comprise bed numbers, total building area, building areas of various rooms, floors, occupied area, risk coefficients and isolation distance;
establishing a constraint condition of the spatial layout of the hospital according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital; the constraint conditions comprise an adjacent preference objective function, a ventilation condition objective function and an infection risk objective function;
automatically generating an alternative scheme of the flat war combined hospital space layout according to the design key points, the total plane parameters and the constraint conditions of the hospital space layout;
solving an alternative scheme which maximally meets the constraint condition through a normalization formula to serve as an optimal scheme of the space layout of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital;
and carrying out the space layout of the peacetime and war time combined hospital according to the optimal scheme.
Optionally, the acquiring of the total plane parameter of the spatial layout of the hospital specifically includes:
acquiring the number of beds of a hospital;
determining a bed number condition according to the bed number;
determining the total building area of the hospital according to the bed number condition;
determining the building areas of various rooms according to the total building area;
determining floors and floor areas of various rooms according to the building areas of the various rooms;
determining various house use risk coefficients of a clean area, a semi-polluted area and a polluted area;
and determining the isolation distance according to the minimum requirement of the spacing between the limiting area and the isolation area and the minimum requirement of the spacing between buildings in the isolation area.
Optionally, the establishing of the constraint condition of the spatial layout of the hospital according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital specifically includes:
establishing an adjacent preference objective function according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital
Wherein SAScoring the neighborhood preference, n is the total number of classes of rooms, dijDistance of the house center points with serial numbers i, j, alphaijAre adjacent preference status coefficients;
establishing a ventilation condition objective function according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital
Wherein SwFor grading the ventilation condition, t and u are respectively the serial numbers of the rooms for the clean area and the polluted area, p and q are respectively the total number of the rooms for the clean area and the polluted area, and xt、ytRespectively the abscissa and ordinate, x, of the center point of the room for the cleaning zoneuAnd yuRespectively the abscissa and the ordinate of the central point of the house for the pollution area, and beta and gamma are ventilation condition coefficients;
establishing design key points and total plane parameters according to the spatial layout of the hospitalImmediate infection risk objective function
Wherein SRFor the risk of infection, n is the total number of the various rooms, riRisk coefficient for the ith user, rimaxThe maximum value of infection risks of all neighboring rooms within the peripheral range of the ith room.
Optionally, the automatic generation of the alternative solution of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout according to the design key points, the total plane parameters and the constraint conditions of the hospital spatial layout specifically includes:
randomly generating a plurality of preliminary hospital space layout schemes according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the hospital space layout;
and solving a feasible solution meeting the constraint condition in the plurality of preliminary hospital spatial layout schemes according to the constraint condition to serve as a candidate scheme of the peacetime and war time combined hospital spatial layout.
Optionally, the solving of the alternative solution that maximizes the satisfaction of the constraint condition by the normalized formula is taken as an optimal solution for the spatial layout of the peacetime-war combination hospital, and specifically includes:
using formula xii＝(S-Smin)/(Smax-Smin) Calculating relative deviation xi of each alternativei(ii) a Wherein i ═ a, W, R, a, W, R represent proximity preferences, ventilation and risk of infection, respectively; s is the index score in each alternative, SmaxAnd SminRespectively the maximum and minimum values of the corresponding indexes in the alternative scheme;
using the formula xi ═ xi (xi)A+ξW+ξR) Calculating the comprehensive deviation xi of each alternative scheme;
and determining an alternative scheme with the minimum comprehensive deviation xi as an optimal scheme of the space layout of the peacetime and war combination type hospital.
A peacetime and war time combined hospital space layout automatic generation system comprises:
the planar layout design optimization key acquisition module is used for acquiring design keys of spatial layout of a hospital; the design points comprise room composition, region types, adjacent preference and ventilation requirements;
the total plane parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring total plane parameters of spatial layout of a hospital; the total plane parameters comprise bed number, total building area, building area of various rooms, floors, floor area, risk coefficient and isolation distance;
the objective function establishing module is used for establishing constraint conditions of the spatial layout of the hospital according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital; the constraints comprise an adjacent preference objective function, a ventilation condition objective function and an infection risk objective function;
the peacetime and wartime combined hospital space layout generating module is used for automatically generating an alternative scheme of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital space layout according to the design key points, the total plane parameters and the constraint conditions of the hospital space layout;
the optimal peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout screening module is used for solving an alternative scheme which maximally meets the constraint condition through a normalization formula to serve as an optimal scheme of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout;
and the peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout module is used for performing peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout according to the optimal scheme.
Optionally, the total plane parameter obtaining module specifically includes:
the bed number acquiring unit is used for acquiring the bed number of the hospital;
the bed number condition determining unit is used for determining a bed number condition according to the bed number;
the total building area determining unit is used for determining the total building area of the hospital according to the bed number condition;
the used house building area determining unit is used for determining the building areas of various used houses according to the total building area;
the floor and floor area determining unit is used for determining floors and floor areas of various rooms according to the building areas of the various rooms;
the risk coefficient determining unit is used for determining various house use risk coefficients of the clean area, the semi-polluted area and the polluted area;
and the isolation distance determining unit is used for determining the isolation distance according to the minimum requirement of the spacing between the limiting area and the isolation area and the minimum requirement of the spacing between buildings in the isolation area.
Optionally, the objective function establishing module specifically includes:
an adjacent preference target function establishing unit for establishing an adjacent preference target function according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital
Wherein SAScoring the neighborhood preference, n is the total number of classes of rooms, dijDistance of the house center points with serial numbers i, j, alphaijAre neighboring preference state coefficients;
a ventilation condition objective function establishing unit for establishing a ventilation condition objective function according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital
Wherein SwFor grading the ventilation condition, t and u are respectively the serial numbers of the rooms for the clean area and the polluted area, p and q are respectively the total number of the rooms for the clean area and the polluted area, and xt、ytRespectively the abscissa and ordinate, x, of the center point of the room for the cleaning zoneuAnd yuRespectively the abscissa and the ordinate of the central point of the house for the pollution area, and beta and gamma are the coefficients of the ventilation condition;
an infection risk objective function establishing unit for establishing an infection risk objective function according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital
Wherein SRFor infection risk scoring, n is the total number of the various rooms, riRisk coefficient for the ith housing, rimaxInfecting all rooms adjacent to the circumference of the ith roomThe maximum value of risk.
Optionally, the peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout generating module specifically includes:
the primary hospital spatial layout scheme generating unit is used for randomly generating a plurality of primary hospital spatial layout schemes according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the hospital spatial layout;
and the alternative generating unit is used for solving a feasible solution meeting the constraint condition in the plurality of preliminary hospital spatial layout schemes according to the constraint condition to serve as an alternative of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout.
Optionally, the optimal peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout screening module specifically includes:
a relative deviation calculating unit for adopting a formula xii＝(S-Smin)/(Smax-Smin) Calculating relative deviation xi of each alternativei(ii) a Wherein i ═ a, W, R, a, W, R represent proximity preferences, ventilation and risk of infection, respectively; s is the index score in each alternative, SmaxAnd SminRespectively the maximum and minimum values of the corresponding indexes in the alternative scheme;
a comprehensive deviation calculating unit for adopting a formula xi ═ xi (xi)A+ξW+ξR) Calculating the comprehensive deviation xi of each alternative scheme;
and the optimal peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout screening unit is used for determining a candidate scheme with the minimum comprehensive deviation xi as the optimal scheme of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a peacetime and war time combined hospital space layout automatic generation method and a system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring design key points of spatial layout of a hospital; the design key points comprise room composition, region type, adjacent preference and ventilation requirement; acquiring total plane parameters of spatial layout of a hospital; the total plane parameters comprise the number of beds, the total building area, the building areas of various rooms, floors, occupied areas, risk coefficients and isolation distances; establishing constraint conditions of the spatial layout of the hospital according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital; the constraint conditions comprise an adjacent preference objective function, a ventilation condition objective function and an infection risk objective function; automatically generating an alternative scheme of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout according to the design key points, the total plane parameters and the constraint conditions of the hospital spatial layout; solving an alternative scheme which maximally meets the constraint condition through a normalization formula to serve as an optimal scheme of the space layout of the peacetime combined hospital; and carrying out the space layout of the peacetime and war time combined hospital according to the optimal scheme. The method of the invention considers the requirements of high operation efficiency and low infection risk to carry out automatic generation type design and optimization of hospital space layout, wherein, the operation efficiency is evaluated by adopting adjacent preference indexes, the infection risk is evaluated by adopting 2 indexes of ventilation condition and infection risk score, and the peacetime and wartime combined hospital space layout with high operation efficiency at ordinary times and low infection risk in wartime can be automatically generated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an automatic generation method of a peacetime and wartime combined hospital space layout according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an automatic generation system of a space layout of a peacetime and wartime combined hospital according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for automatically generating a space layout of a peacetime and wartime combined hospital, which are used for automatically generating the space layout of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital with high operation efficiency and low infection risk in wartime.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an automatic generation method for a peacetime and wartime combined hospital space layout according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the method for automatically generating a spatial layout of a peacetime and wartime combined hospital according to the present invention comprises:
step 101: acquiring design points of spatial layout of a hospital; the design points comprise house composition, region type, adjacent preference and ventilation requirement.
By comparing hospital standard files and analyzing case hospitals in terms of function partitioning, isolation measures and streamline organization, hospital space layout design points such as room composition, region types, adjacent preference, ventilation requirements and the like are obtained.
Step 102: acquiring total plane parameters of spatial layout of a hospital; the total plane parameters comprise bed number, total building area, building area of various rooms, floors, occupied area, risk coefficient and isolation distance.
The total building area of the infectious disease hospital, the building areas of various rooms, the floors, the floor areas, the risk coefficients and the isolation distances are determined by taking the number of beds as the scale of the virtual hospital according to the regulations of the comprehensive hospital building standard (building standard 110-plus 2021) and the infectious disease hospital building standard (building standard 131-plus 2016) on the scale of the hospital building.
The step 102 of obtaining total plane parameters of spatial layout of the hospital specifically includes:
step 2.1: and acquiring the number of beds in the hospital.
Step 2.2: and determining the bed number condition according to the bed number.
Determining the number of beds, and referring to the number of hospitals counted in groups according to the number of beds in 2018 in '2019 Chinese health statistical yearbook', and taking the statistical average value as the condition of the number of beds for the design and optimization of the hospital.
Step 2.3: and determining the total building area of the hospital according to the bed number condition.
And determining the total building area of the hospital according to the condition of the number of beds optimized by the hospital design, referring to the regulation of the comprehensive hospital construction standard (construction standard 110-2021) on the construction scale of the hospital.
Step 2.4: and determining the building areas of various rooms according to the total building area.
And determining the building area proportion of various rooms according to the total building area of the hospital by referring to the comprehensive hospital construction standard (construction standard 110-plus 2021) to obtain the building area of various rooms (all doors).
Step 2.5: and determining the floors and the floor areas of the various rooms according to the building areas of the various rooms.
According to the building areas of the various rooms, the floor area and the floor of each room (each department) are determined according to the requirements on the number of the hospital building floors in the comprehensive hospital building standard (building standard 110-.
Step 2.6: and determining the risk coefficients of various rooms in the clean area, the semi-polluted area and the polluted area.
Determining risk coefficients, introducing the risk coefficients to assist the optimization of a total plane, and setting the risk coefficients of various rooms in a clean area, a semi-polluted area and a polluted area to be 1, 2 and 3 respectively.
Step 2.7: and determining the isolation distance according to the minimum requirement of the spacing between the limiting area and the isolation area and the minimum requirement of the spacing between buildings in the isolation area.
The isolation distance is determined according to the minimum requirement of the construction distance between the limit area and each building in the isolation area and the isolation area in infectious disease hospital construction standard (construction standard 131-.
Step 103: establishing constraint conditions of the spatial layout of the hospital according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital; the constraints include a neighbor preference objective function, a ventilation condition objective function, and an infection risk objective function.
And establishing an adjacent preference target function, a ventilation condition target function and an infection risk target function by taking three indexes of the adjacent preference score, the ventilation condition score and the infection risk score as dependent variables.
step 3.1: and establishing an adjacent preference objective function according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital.
The adjacent preference objective function considers the adjacent state and distance at the same time, and the scoring calculation method is to calculate the sum of the center distances of all rooms with adjacent preference relations. The smaller the adjacent preference score is, the shorter the total action path among the rooms connected with all the workflow is, and the work efficiency is higher. The neighbor preference score is calculated as follows:
wherein SAThe neighboring preference is scored with the goal of minimizing it. n is the total number of the used rooms; dijThe distance of the house center points with the sequence numbers i and j belongs to [1, n ]]And i, j are integers; alpha is alphaijFor adjacent preference state coefficients, αijE {0,1 }; when the two-purpose house has adjacent preference, alphaijWhen the dual purpose house has no adjacent preference, 1ij＝0。
Step 3.2: and establishing a ventilation condition objective function according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital.
The establishment basis of the ventilation condition objective function is the central point coordinates of the dominant wind direction, the pollution area and the clean area rooms of the city where the study object is located throughout the year. The ventilation score is smaller as the number of clean and dirty area rooms in upwind and downwind positions, respectively, is greater, subject to the ventilation factor. The ventilation score calculation formula is as follows:
wherein SwTo score the ventilation, the goal is to find its minimum. t and u are respectively the serial numbers of the rooms for the clean area and the polluted area, p and q are respectively the total number of the rooms for the clean area and the polluted area, and xt、ytRespectively the abscissa and ordinate, x, of the center point of the room for the cleaning zoneuAnd yuRespectively the abscissa and ordinate of the central point of the house for the polluted area, and beta and gamma are ventilation condition coefficients.
The value taking conditions according to the local perennial dominant wind direction are as follows:
TABLE 1 Ventilation coefficient under different perennial dominant wind directions
| Wind direction | Northern wind | Northeast wind | Dongfeng (Dongfeng) | Southeast wind | (Southern Wind) | Southwest wind | Western wind | Northwest wind |
| β | 0 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| γ | -1 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | -1 |
Step 3.3: and establishing an infection risk objective function according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital.
In the invention, risk coefficients of a polluted area, a semi-polluted area and a clean area are respectively set as 3, 2 and 1, the aim is to separate the three subareas as much as possible, and further reduce the probability of cross infection through optimization of a plane layout, so an infection risk objective function is defined, the calculation method is to calculate the sum of the maximum value of the risk coefficient and the difference value of the risk coefficient of each adjacent room around each room, and the formula is as follows:
wherein SRTo score the risk of infection, the objective is to maximize itA small value. n is the total number of rooms, riRisk coefficient for the ith housing, rimaxIs the maximum value of the infection risk of all neighboring rooms within the peripheral range of the ith room.
The step 103 determines the proximity preference score, ventilation and infection risk as three constraints for generating a design. The adjacent preference considers the influence of spatial layout on the operating efficiency of the hospital, and the ventilation condition and the infection risk consider the risk of occurrence of nosocomial infection accidents. The design framework satisfies the designer's assessment of the suitability of various alternatives for different design requirements. Optimization of the intermediate design is a multiple design requirement tradeoff problem, the objective of which is to determine the optimal spatial layout scheme.
Step 104: and automatically generating an alternative scheme of the peacetime and war time combined hospital spatial layout according to the design key points, the total plane parameters and the constraint conditions of the hospital spatial layout.
And automatically generating a 'peacetime and war combination' type hospital space layout alternative scheme according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the 'peacetime and war combination' type hospital space layout, the adjacent preference objective function, the ventilation condition objective function and the infection risk objective function.
Firstly, data import, independent variable definition, and room shape and position requirement setting are performed, and then alternative generation is performed, specifically as follows:
data import: after the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital are imported into Excel, the sub-lists in the list are created according to the content of each row, the head of the first row does not relate to specific data, the first row is removed, and then the list is transposed by using a List.
The independent variables define: the position of the medical department is used as a constant and is arranged at the middle position of the whole hospital, and the self-variation is the arrangement and combination condition of all rooms except the medical department.
The shape and position of the used house require: the shape of each house is specified to be square, meanwhile, the general plane layout of the hospital is preferably distributed and semi-centralized, and the arrangement style of the houses is determined according to the requirement on the isolation distance in the standard and considering the saving land. For example, 12 rooms are arranged in an arrangement pattern of 3 rows and 4 columns.
Alternative generation: based on dynamo software programming, the requirements of parameters and constraints are stored in a file (. csv) as input data, and a design scheme is generated by obtaining the hospital space functional layout meeting the constraint conditions through iterative optimization.
Therefore, the step 104 automatically generates an alternative solution of the combined flat-battle hospital spatial layout according to the design points, the total plane parameters and the constraint conditions of the hospital spatial layout, which specifically includes:
step 4.1: and randomly generating a plurality of preliminary hospital space layout schemes according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the hospital space layout.
Firstly, inputting each function space layout parameter (including design key point and total plane parameter) into Revit and python software, and randomly generating a plurality of preliminary hospital space layouts, namely, programming by utilizing dynamo software to generate a preliminary space layout scheme.
Step 4.2: and solving a feasible solution meeting the constraint condition in the plurality of preliminary hospital spatial layout schemes according to the constraint condition to serve as a candidate scheme of the peacetime and war time combined hospital spatial layout.
Then, a generation type design module carried by Revitdynamo software is used for analysis, and the analysis process is limited by three constraint conditions written in an algorithm to continuously iterate and optimize to obtain a feasible solution meeting the constraint conditions, namely an alternative scheme.
Step 105: and solving the alternative scheme which maximally meets the constraint condition through a normalized formula to serve as the optimal scheme of the space layout of the peacetime and war time combined hospital.
Based on adjacent preference scoring, ventilation condition and infection risk in the alternative scheme, a hospital space layout scheme which maximally meets three constraint conditions, namely an optimal scheme designed by 'peacetime and war combination' type hospital space layout, is obtained through a normalization formula.
The neighboring preference score, ventilation score and infection risk score in each alternative are normalized and calculated as follows:
ξi＝(S-Smin)/(Smax-Smin)(i＝A,W,R)
ξ＝(ξA+ξW+ξR)/3
wherein S is the index score in each alternative, SmaxAnd SminMaximum and minimum values respectively for the corresponding indices in the alternative, A, W, R representing the proximity preference, ventilation and risk of infection, ξ respectivelyiIndicating relative deviation, ξ indicating the integrated deviation, the target being the minimum value of ξ.
The invention aims to obtain the hospital function space layout design scheme with the lowest adjacent preference score, the lowest ventilation condition score and the lowest infection risk, but in fact, the scheme with the minimum comprehensive deviation can not be obtained as the optimal solution of the hospital space layout design, namely the optimal scheme of the 'peacetime and war time combined' type hospital space layout design.
The step 105 of solving, by using a normalized formula, the alternative solution that maximally satisfies the constraint condition as the optimal solution of the space layout of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital specifically includes:
step 5.1: using a formula xii＝(S-Smin)/(Smax-Smin) Calculating relative deviation xi of each alternative schemei(ii) a Wherein i ═ a, W, R, a, W, R represent proximity preferences, ventilation and risk of infection, respectively; s is the index score in each alternative, SmaxAnd SminMaximum and minimum values of the corresponding index in the alternative scheme respectively;
step 5.2: using the formula xi ═ xi (xi)A+ξW+ξR) Calculating the comprehensive deviation xi of each alternative scheme;
step 5.3: and determining an alternative with the minimum comprehensive deviation xi as an optimal scheme of the peacetime combined hospital space layout.
Step 106: and carrying out the space layout of the peacetime and war time combined hospital according to the optimal scheme.
The peacetime and wartime combined hospital space layout enables a hospital to establish a complete medical system at ordinary times, and develops medical service from the self-operation angle to carry out reasonable medical positioning. The emergency public health system can also cope with sudden public health events in wartime, and ordinary operation also prepares for epidemic situation outbreak in wartime, so that the risk of infection is reduced while high operation efficiency is met.
Based on the method for automatically generating the space layout of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital, the invention also provides a system for automatically generating the space layout of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital. Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an automatic generation system of a space layout of a peacetime and wartime combined hospital according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 2, the system includes:
a planar layout design optimization key acquisition module 201, configured to acquire design key points of spatial layout of a hospital; the design points comprise room composition, region types, adjacent preference and ventilation requirements;
a total plane parameter obtaining module 202, configured to obtain total plane parameters of spatial layout of a hospital; the total plane parameters comprise the number of beds, the total building area, the building areas of various rooms, floors, occupied areas, risk coefficients and isolation distances;
the objective function establishing module 203 is used for establishing a constraint condition of the hospital spatial layout according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the hospital spatial layout; the constraints comprise an adjacent preference objective function, a ventilation condition objective function and an infection risk objective function;
the peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout generating module 204 is used for automatically generating alternative schemes of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout according to the design key points, the total plane parameters and the constraint conditions of the hospital spatial layout;
the optimal peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout screening module 205 is used for solving an alternative scheme which maximally meets the constraint condition through a normalization formula to serve as an optimal scheme of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout;
and the peacetime and wartime combined hospital space layout module 206 is used for performing the peacetime and wartime combined hospital space layout according to the optimal scheme.
The plan layout design optimization key acquisition module 201 acquires hospital space layout design keys of room composition, area types, adjacent preferences and ventilation requirements by comparing hospital standard files and analyzing case hospitals in terms of function partitioning, isolation measures and streamline organization.
The total plane parameter acquiring module 202 determines the total building area, the floor area, the risk coefficient and the isolation distance of the infectious disease hospital according to the regulations of the comprehensive hospital construction standard (the construction standard 110-.
The objective function establishing module 203 is configured to establish an adjacent preference objective function, a ventilation condition objective function, and an infection risk objective function.
The peacetime and war time combined hospital space layout generating module 204 is used for automatically generating an alternative peacetime and war time combined hospital space layout meeting the requirements according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the peacetime and war time combined hospital space, the adjacent preference objective function, the ventilation condition objective function and the infection risk objective function.
The optimal peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout screening module 205 obtains a hospital spatial layout scheme which maximally meets three constraint conditions, namely an optimal scheme for peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout design, through a normalization formula based on adjacent preference scores, ventilation conditions and infection risks in alternative schemes.
The total plane parameter obtaining module 202 specifically includes:
the bed number acquiring unit is used for acquiring the bed number of the hospital;
the bed number condition determining unit is used for determining a bed number condition according to the bed number;
the total building area determining unit is used for determining the total building area of the hospital according to the bed number condition;
the used house building area determining unit is used for determining the building areas of various used houses according to the total building area;
the floor and floor area determining unit is used for determining floors and floor areas of various rooms according to the building areas of the various rooms;
the risk coefficient determining unit is used for determining various house use risk coefficients of the clean area, the semi-polluted area and the polluted area;
and the isolation distance determining unit is used for determining the isolation distance according to the minimum requirement of the spacing between the limiting area and the isolation area and the minimum requirement of the spacing between buildings in the isolation area.
The objective function establishing module 203 specifically includes:
an adjacent preference target function establishing unit for establishing an adjacent preference target function according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital
Wherein SAScoring the neighborhood preference, n is the total number of classes of rooms, dijDistance of the house center points with serial numbers i, j, alphaijAre neighboring preference state coefficients;
a ventilation condition target function establishing unit for establishing a ventilation condition target function according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital
Wherein SwFor grading the ventilation condition, t and u are respectively the serial numbers of the rooms for the clean area and the polluted area, p and q are respectively the total number of the rooms for the clean area and the polluted area, and xt、ytThe abscissa and ordinate, x, of the center point of the house for the cleaning zone, respectivelyuAnd yuRespectively the abscissa and the ordinate of the central point of the house for the pollution area, and beta and gamma are the coefficients of the ventilation condition;
an infection risk objective function establishing unit for establishing an infection risk objective function according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital
Wherein SRFor infection risk scoring, n is the total number of the various rooms, riRisk coefficient for the ith housing, rimaxThe maximum value of infection risks of all neighboring rooms within the peripheral range of the ith room.
The peacetime and war time combined hospital spatial layout generating module 204 specifically includes:
the primary hospital spatial layout scheme generating unit is used for randomly generating a plurality of primary hospital spatial layout schemes according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the hospital spatial layout;
and the alternative generating unit is used for solving a feasible solution meeting the constraint condition in the plurality of preliminary hospital spatial layout schemes according to the constraint condition to serve as an alternative of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout.
The optimal peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout screening module 205 specifically includes:
a relative deviation calculating unit for adopting a formula xii＝(S-Smin)/(Smax-Smin) Calculating relative deviation xi of each alternativei(ii) a Wherein i ═ a, W, R, a, W, R represent proximity preferences, ventilation and risk of infection, respectively; s is the index score in each alternative, SmaxAnd SminRespectively the maximum and minimum values of the corresponding indexes in the alternative scheme;
a comprehensive deviation calculating unit for adopting a formula xi ═ xi (xi)A+ξW+ξA) Calculating the comprehensive deviation xi of each alternative scheme;
and the optimal peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout screening unit is used for determining a candidate scheme with the minimum comprehensive deviation xi as the optimal scheme of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout.
The invention provides a method and a system for automatically generating a 'peacetime combined' type hospital space layout by taking 'peacetime' high operation efficiency and 'wartime' low infection risk as guidance, which are used for automatically generating and optimizing the hospital space layout by considering the requirements of high operation efficiency and low infection risk, wherein the operation efficiency is evaluated by adopting adjacent preference indexes, and the infection risk is evaluated by adopting 2 indexes of ventilation condition and infection risk score.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the main advantages that:
1. the requirements of high efficiency and low risk on building performance are considered in the design of the spatial layout of the building design.
2. Quantitative analysis and evaluation are carried out on the performance indexes with high efficiency and low risk.
3. The innovation provides that the risk adopts 2 indexes of ventilation condition scoring and infection risk coefficient to evaluate the infection risk.
4. The hospital space layout automatic generation type design and optimization method using 'normal time' high operation efficiency and 'wartime' low infection risk as guidance is formed.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A peacetime and war time combined hospital space layout automatic generation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring design key points of spatial layout of a hospital; the design points comprise room composition, region types, adjacent preference and ventilation requirements;
acquiring total plane parameters of spatial layout of a hospital; the total plane parameters comprise bed number, total building area, building area of various rooms, floors, floor area, risk coefficient and isolation distance;
establishing a constraint condition of the spatial layout of the hospital according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital; the constraint conditions comprise an adjacent preference objective function, a ventilation condition objective function and an infection risk objective function;
automatically generating an alternative scheme of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout according to the design key points, the total plane parameters and the constraint conditions of the hospital spatial layout;
solving an alternative scheme which maximally meets the constraint condition through a normalization formula to serve as an optimal scheme of the space layout of the peacetime and war time combined hospital;
and carrying out the space layout of the peacetime and war time combined hospital according to the optimal scheme.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acquiring of the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital specifically comprises:
acquiring the number of beds of a hospital;
determining a bed number condition according to the bed number;
determining the total building area of the hospital according to the bed number condition;
determining the building areas of various rooms according to the total building area;
determining floors and floor areas of various rooms according to the building areas of the various rooms;
determining various house use risk coefficients of a clean area, a semi-polluted area and a polluted area;
and determining the isolation distance according to the minimum requirement of the spacing between the limiting area and the isolation area and the minimum requirement of the spacing between buildings in the isolation area.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the establishing of the constraints of the spatial layout of the hospital according to the design points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital specifically comprises:
according to the aboveEstablishing adjacent preference objective function by design key points and total plane parameters of spatial layout of hospital
Wherein SAScoring the neighborhood preference, n is the total number of classes of rooms, dijDistance of the house center points with serial numbers i, j, alphaijAre adjacent preference status coefficients;
establishing a ventilation condition objective function according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital
Wherein SwFor grading the ventilation condition, t and u are respectively the serial numbers of the rooms for the clean area and the polluted area, p and q are respectively the total number of the rooms for the clean area and the polluted area, and xt、ytRespectively the abscissa and ordinate, x, of the center point of the room for the cleaning zoneuAnd yuRespectively the abscissa and the ordinate of the central point of the house for the pollution area, and beta and gamma are ventilation condition coefficients;
establishing an infection risk objective function according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital
Wherein SRFor the risk of infection, n is the total number of the various rooms, riRisk coefficient for the ith user, rimaxThe maximum value of infection risks of all neighboring rooms within the peripheral range of the ith room.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the automatic generation of alternatives for the combined peacetime and war time hospital spatial layout according to design points, total plane parameters and constraints of the hospital spatial layout specifically comprises:
randomly generating a plurality of preliminary hospital space layout schemes according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the hospital space layout;
and solving a feasible solution meeting the constraint condition in the plurality of preliminary hospital spatial layout schemes according to the constraint condition to serve as a candidate scheme of the peacetime and war time combined hospital spatial layout.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein solving the alternative solution that maximizes the satisfaction of the constraint conditions through the normalized formula as the optimal solution for the spatial layout of the peacetime combined hospital specifically comprises:
using formula xii＝(S-Smin)/(Smax-Smin) Calculating relative deviation xi of each alternativei(ii) a Wherein i ═ a, W, R, a, W, R represent proximity preferences, ventilation and risk of infection, respectively; s is the index score in each alternative, SmaxAnd SminRespectively the maximum and minimum values of the corresponding indexes in the alternative scheme;
using the formula xi ═ xi (xi)A+ξW+ξR) Calculating the comprehensive deviation xi of each alternative scheme;
and determining an alternative scheme with the minimum comprehensive deviation xi as an optimal scheme of the space layout of the peacetime and war combination type hospital.
6. The utility model provides a peacetime and war time convolution hospital space layout automatic generation system which characterized in that includes:
the planar layout design optimization key acquisition module is used for acquiring design keys of spatial layout of a hospital; the design points comprise room composition, region types, adjacent preference and ventilation requirements;
the total plane parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring total plane parameters of spatial layout of a hospital; the total plane parameters comprise bed number, total building area, building area of various rooms, floors, floor area, risk coefficient and isolation distance;
the objective function establishing module is used for establishing constraint conditions of the spatial layout of the hospital according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital; the constraint conditions comprise an adjacent preference objective function, a ventilation condition objective function and an infection risk objective function;
the combined peacetime and wartime hospital space layout generating module is used for automatically generating an alternative scheme of the combined peacetime and wartime hospital space layout according to the design key points, the total plane parameters and the constraint conditions of the hospital space layout;
the optimal peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout screening module is used for solving an alternative scheme which maximally meets the constraint condition through a normalization formula to serve as an optimal scheme of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout;
and the peacetime and wartime combined hospital space layout module is used for performing peacetime and wartime combined hospital space layout according to the optimal scheme.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the total plane parameter obtaining module specifically comprises:
the bed number acquiring unit is used for acquiring the bed number of the hospital;
the bed number condition determining unit is used for determining a bed number condition according to the bed number;
the total building area determining unit is used for determining the total building area of the hospital according to the bed number condition;
the building area determining unit of the used rooms is used for determining the building areas of various used rooms according to the total building area;
the floor and floor area determining unit is used for determining floors and floor areas of various rooms according to the building areas of the various rooms;
the risk coefficient determining unit is used for determining various house use risk coefficients of the clean area, the semi-polluted area and the polluted area;
and the isolation distance determining unit is used for determining the isolation distance according to the minimum requirement of the spacing between the limiting area and the isolation area and the minimum requirement of the spacing between buildings in the isolation area.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the objective function establishing module specifically comprises:
an adjacent preference objective function establishing unit for establishing an adjacent preference objective function according to the spatial layout of the hospitalThe design point and the total plane parameter of (2) establish an adjacent preference objective function
Wherein SAScoring the neighborhood preference, n is the total number of classes of rooms, dijDistance of the house center points with serial numbers i, j, alphaijAre adjacent preference status coefficients;
a ventilation condition objective function establishing unit for establishing a ventilation condition objective function according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital
Wherein SwFor grading the ventilation condition, t and u are respectively the serial numbers of the rooms in the clean area and the polluted area, p and q are respectively the total number of the rooms in the clean area and the polluted area, and xt、ytRespectively the abscissa and ordinate, x, of the center point of the room for the cleaning zoneuAnd yuRespectively the abscissa and the ordinate of the central point of the house for the pollution area, and beta and gamma are ventilation condition coefficients;
an infection risk objective function establishing unit for establishing an infection risk objective function according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the spatial layout of the hospital
Wherein SRFor the risk of infection, n is the total number of the various rooms, riRisk coefficient for the ith user, rimaxThe maximum value of infection risks of all neighboring rooms within the peripheral range of the ith room.
9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the combined peacetime and war time hospital spatial layout generating module comprises:
the primary hospital spatial layout scheme generating unit is used for randomly generating a plurality of primary hospital spatial layout schemes according to the design key points and the total plane parameters of the hospital spatial layout;
and the alternative generating unit is used for solving a feasible solution meeting the constraint condition in the plurality of preliminary hospital spatial layout schemes according to the constraint condition to serve as an alternative of the peacetime combined hospital spatial layout.
10. The system according to claim 9, wherein the optimal flat battle combined hospital spatial layout screening module specifically comprises:
a relative deviation calculating unit for adopting a formula xii＝(S-Smin)/(Smax-Smin) Calculating relative deviation xi of each alternativei(ii) a Wherein i ═ a, W, R, a, W, R represent proximity preferences, ventilation and risk of infection, respectively; s is the index score in each alternative, SmaxAnd SminRespectively the maximum and minimum values of the corresponding indexes in the alternative scheme;
a comprehensive deviation calculating unit for adopting a formula xi ═ xi (xi)A+ξW+ξR) Calculating the comprehensive deviation xi of each alternative scheme;
and the optimal peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout screening unit is used for determining a candidate scheme with the minimum comprehensive deviation xi as the optimal scheme of the peacetime and wartime combined hospital spatial layout.
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