CN114706076A - Millimeter wave near-field SAR (synthetic aperture radar) velocity imaging method based on improved range migration algorithm - Google Patents
Millimeter wave near-field SAR (synthetic aperture radar) velocity imaging method based on improved range migration algorithm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a millimeter wave near-field SAR rapid imaging method based on an improved range migration algorithm, and belongs to the field of millimeter wave synthetic aperture radar imaging. Firstly, intercepting a useful part of the distance dimension of original data received by a millimeter wave radar development board, then carrying out FFT (fast Fourier transform) processing on the distance dimension data, then carrying out RVP (residual video) correction on the data, and transforming the signal after the RVP correction to a two-dimensional wave number domain; because the antenna moves relative to the measured object, Doppler frequency shift correction is needed at the moment, two-dimensional matched filtering and Stolt transformation are carried out on the data in the next step, and finally two-dimensional Fourier inverse transformation is carried out on the echo signal of the formula to finish the target image. According to the method, the target range is selected before two-dimensional Fourier transform in the traditional RMA process, so that the imaging data volume is greatly reduced, the operation time is reduced, the imaging efficiency is fundamentally improved, and the SAR image with higher quality can be obtained while the imaging efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radar imaging, and relates to a millimeter wave near-field SAR (synthetic aperture radar) fast imaging algorithm.
Background
The imaging algorithm is the most dominant of the imaging techniques. The imaging algorithm technology is divided into the following steps: time domain class techniques and frequency domain class techniques. The time domain imaging method is mainly a back projection algorithm (BP), which implements signal processing in the time domain. The frequency domain type imaging method comprises the following steps: a Range Doppler Algorithm (RDA), a Chirp Scaling Algorithm (CS Algorithm for short, namely CSA), a Range Migration Algorithm (RMA), etc., which implement signal processing in a frequency domain.
The BP algorithm is computationally intensive, and although some improved BP algorithms (e.g., FBP and FFBP algorithms) can achieve efficiency comparable to the frequency domain algorithm, these improved algorithms sacrifice the imaging accuracy of the BP algorithm.
RDA is one of the earliest and simplest imaging algorithms. Although simple, the RDA goes through the whole SAR signal processing idea, and the subsequent algorithm can see the miniature of the RDA. The RDA has the characteristic of modular processing, two-dimensional data are decomposed into two one-dimensional data, and then the two one-dimensional data are processed, and the other one-dimensional data cannot be influenced when the one-dimensional data are processed. But this decomposition requires little coupling between the azimuth and the range directions.
The CS algorithm firstly unifies the distance tracks of all targets through frequency modulation and scaling operation, and then conducts consistent distance migration correction through phase multiplication in a two-dimensional frequency domain. However, CSA also has limitations, mainly manifested by: firstly, the frequency modulation and scaling operation can widen and shift the frequency spectrum in the distance direction, aliasing can occur to imaging when the offset exceeds a certain range, and the aliasing phenomenon can be more obvious along with the increase of the oblique angle. The second is that the frequency modulation scaling operation will cause the signal envelope to change, which will affect the focus of the target.
The range migration algorithm may also be called ω K algorithm. The idea of the algorithm is to transform two-dimensional time domain data into a two-dimensional frequency domain by performing Fourier transform on the two-dimensional time domain data, and then perform operations such as distance compression, distance migration correction, azimuth compression and the like on the data in the two-dimensional frequency domain. The reference function used in the algorithm is generally based on the center of the scene, so the focusing effect of the target closer to the center of the scene is better.
At present, most of fast imaging algorithms adopt methods such as wave number domain integration and NUFFT to replace interpolation, so that complex interpolation operation is avoided, and imaging efficiency is improved. The conventional algorithm also needs to take the above issues into account and improve since the carrier is moving while the conventional algorithm is such that the slant of the antenna sensor to the target does not take into account the transmitted pulses in the distance dimension.
Through retrieval, application publication No. CN112684447A, a millimeter wave airborne SAR real-time imaging optimization method and system relates to the technical field of radar. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, acquiring flight echo data transmitted by SAR real-time imaging equipment in a millimeter wave machine; step 2, processing the flight echo data to obtain the Doppler center frequency of each distance block; step 3, calculating the frequency domain of the azimuth filter according to the Doppler center frequency; step 4, based on the frequency domain of the azimuth filter, compensating the motion error of the millimeter wave machine; step 5, estimating the residual Doppler center frequency according to the motion error compensation result; and 6, correcting the range migration of each range block and correcting the azimuth pulse of each range block according to the estimation result of the residual Doppler center frequency. The invention can solve the problem that the imaging quality is seriously reduced for millimeter-wave-band airborne SAR. The patent needs to correct the range migration of each range block and the azimuth pulse of each range block, does not obtain an imaging area by estimating the position of a target, increases the calculation time of imaging, and after redundant data is imaged, the redundant data possibly overlaps with the target image, affects the imaging effect, and is not beneficial to improving the imaging efficiency and the imaging quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving the above problems of the prior art. A millimeter wave near-field SAR speed imaging method based on an improved range migration algorithm is provided. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a millimeter wave near-field SAR velocity imaging method based on an improved range migration algorithm comprises the following steps:
dividing the received echo data into a distance dimension and a direction dimension for processing respectively; and performing FFT processing on the direction dimension data, performing data interception on the distance dimension data, and performing FFT processing and RVP correction on the intercepted data. Then integrating the two items of data, wherein the integrated data is two-dimensional wave number domain data; performing matched filtering on the two-dimensional wave number domain data to remove redundant items, and performing all distance warping through a Stolt interpolation transformation step; and performing IFFT processing on the data after Stolt interpolation transformation to obtain an imaging result. The range migration algorithm is improved by preselecting an area range related to the detected target in a one-dimensional range distribution spectrum of the echo data by referring to a fixed reference distance R0 to complete the interception of the echo data of the detected target, thereby removing redundancy, greatly reducing the imaging data amount, reducing the operation time and fundamentally improving the imaging efficiency.
Further, dividing the received echo data into a distance dimension and a direction dimension for processing respectively includes:
for the millimeter wave human body imaging system, because the synthetic aperture radar imaging is an imaging mechanism that an antenna moves and a target keeps static so as to obtain relative movement, the reference distance R0 between the target and a synthetic aperture plane is fixed, and the area range related to the target to be detected in the distribution spectrum of the one-dimensional distance direction of echo data can be selected in advance; and intercepting the data of the distance dimension according to R0 to obtain the intercepted data of the direction dimension, and performing RVP residual video correction on the data of the direction dimension.
Further, the performing two-dimensional wave number domain transformation on the data to obtain wave number domain data specifically includes:
the raw echo signal is represented as:
Further, the matched filtering specifically includes:
the distance warping of the whole scene is corrected through the distance warping at the center of the scene, so that the distance warping at the center of the scene is completely corrected, and the distance warping at other distances is not completely corrected, therefore, matched filtering processing is required, and all the distance warping reaching the intercepted area can be corrected in subsequent processing; the matched and filtered signals are:
further, the step of matched filtering is based on SxR(Kx,KR) The second exponential term of the two-dimensional wave number domain signal expression designs a matched filter function
Obtaining a signal expression S after medium matching filteringc(Kx,KR). All range sweeps reaching within the intercepted area can be corrected in subsequent processing.
Further, the Stolt interpolation transformation specifically includes the following steps:
the matched and filtered signals are in a Kx-KR two-dimensional wave number domain, and for the Kx-KR two-dimensional wave number domain which is not an orthogonal rectangular coordinate system, distance bending at other positions needs to be compensated through Stolt interpolation for accurate focusing, and K is introducedyIn which
From KyThe expression (A) shows that KR and Kx are uniformly distributed, and Ky is the square error of the two and then the root number, so that Ky is non-uniformly distributed, and K needs to be transformed to use inverse Fourier transformyBecomes uniformly distributed and this is done by Stolt interpolation. The specific interpolation process is as follows: according to KRIs divided into K at equal intervalsyThen K is interpolated using linear interpolationR-KxTransformation of domain data to Kx-KyIn the domain.
Further, the IFFT processing is performed on the data after Stolt interpolation transformation to obtain an imaging result.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the present invention is directed to solving the above problems of the prior art. The invention provides a millimeter wave near-field SAR rapid imaging method based on improvement of a range migration algorithm, compared with the traditional imaging algorithm, the method combines data interception with the improved range migration algorithm, preselects an area range related to a measured target in a one-dimensional range distribution spectrum of echo data, reduces the data volume by intercepting effective data, achieves the purpose of rapid imaging, fully considers the practical problem that an antenna sensor emits signals while moving (namely, when a carrier is moving in the range dimension), adopts frequency modulation removal processing to replace the traditional receiving mode, improves the traditional range migration algorithm, improves the imaging efficiency and simultaneously improves the imaging quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an imaging diagram of a point target through range migration algorithm;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and clearly with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
referring to fig. 1 to 2, an improved millimeter wave near-field SAR fast imaging method based on a range migration algorithm includes 5 steps, specifically:
the method comprises the following steps: dividing the received echo data into a distance dimension and a direction dimension for processing respectively
For the millimeter wave human body imaging system, because the synthetic aperture radar imaging is an imaging mechanism that the antenna moves and the target keeps static so as to obtain relative motion, the reference distance R0 between the target and the synthetic aperture plane is fixed, and the area range related to the target to be measured in the distribution spectrum of the one-dimensional distance direction of the echo data can be selected in advance. Therefore, the data of the distance is cut according to the R0 to obtain the cut direction dimension data, and the RVP (residual video) correction is carried out on the data of the direction dimension.
Step two: performing two-dimensional wave number domain transformation on the data to obtain wave number domain data,
since the original echo signal can be expressed as:
Step three: matched filtering
The distance warping of the whole scene is corrected by the distance warping at the center of the scene, so that the distance warping at the center of the scene is completely corrected, while the distance warping at other distances is not completely corrected, and therefore, the matched filtering processing is performed, and all the distance warping reaching the intercepted area can be corrected in subsequent processing. The matched and filtered signals are:
step four: stolt interpolation transform
The matched and filtered signals are in a Kx-KR two-dimensional wave number domain, and for the Kx-KR two-dimensional wave number domain which is not an orthogonal rectangular coordinate system, distance bending at other positions needs to be compensated through Stolt interpolation for accurate focusing.
Step five: imaging
And performing IFFT processing on the data subjected to Stolt interpolation transformation to obtain an imaging result.
The effects of the present invention can be further illustrated by the following simulations:
(1) simulation conditions
The parameters of the desktop computer are as follows: memory: 8 GB; a processor: intel (R) core (TM) i5-9500 CPU @3.00 GHz; the operating system is a Windows10 flagship edition 64-bit operating system, and the simulation platform is Matlab2020 b.
(2) Simulation result
Fig. 2 is a processing result of a simulation experiment performed by using a specific embodiment of the present invention, and the simulation experiment is performed on a single-point target and a multi-point target according to the following parameters:
fig. 2 is a diagram of the result of imaging processing of a near-field single-point target and a multi-point target by using an improved range migration algorithm in a simulation experiment. It can be seen from the figure that the algorithm is theoretically possible to implement.
Table 1 is a table recording the time taken by the improved fast imaging algorithm to image the same target as the conventional imaging algorithm, and it can be seen from the data in the table that the improved fast imaging algorithm used in the present invention can effectively improve the imaging efficiency.
TABLE 1 two algorithms image processing time comparison
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever. After reading the description of the invention, the skilled person can make various changes or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent changes and modifications also fall into the scope of the invention defined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A millimeter wave near-field SAR velocity imaging method based on an improved range migration algorithm is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dividing the received echo data into a distance dimension and a direction dimension for processing respectively; and performing FFT processing on the direction dimension data, performing data interception on the distance dimension data, and performing FFT processing and RVP correction on the intercepted data. Then integrating the two items of data, wherein the integrated data is two-dimensional wave number domain data; performing matched filtering on the two-dimensional wave number domain data to remove redundant items, and performing all distance warping through a Stolt interpolation transformation step; and performing IFFT processing on the data after Stolt interpolation transformation to obtain an imaging result. The range migration algorithm is improved by pre-selecting an area range related to a detected target in a one-dimensional range distribution spectrum of echo data by referring to a fixed reference distance R0 to complete the interception of the echo data of the detected target, thereby removing redundancy, greatly reducing the imaging data amount, reducing the operation time and fundamentally improving the imaging efficiency.
2. The millimeter wave near-field SAR speed imaging method based on the improved range migration algorithm, according to claim 1, wherein the dividing of the received echo data into a distance dimension and a direction dimension for processing respectively comprises:
for the millimeter wave human body imaging system, because the synthetic aperture radar imaging is an imaging mechanism that an antenna moves and a target keeps static so as to obtain relative movement, the reference distance R0 between the target and a synthetic aperture plane is fixed, and the area range related to the target to be detected in the distribution spectrum of the one-dimensional distance direction of echo data can be selected in advance; before two-dimensional Fourier transformation, according to the selection of R0 on the target range, the echo data of the target to be detected is intercepted to obtain the data of the distance dimension, and the RVP residual video correction is carried out on the data of the direction dimension.
3. The millimeter wave near-field SAR velocity imaging method based on the improved range migration algorithm of claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional wavenumber domain transformation is performed on the data to obtain wavenumber domain data, and specifically comprises:
the raw echo signal is represented as:
wherein: w is ar(tr) As a distance envelope, i.e. a rectangular function, trIs distance time, taIs azimuth time, fcIs a center frequency, KrIs the slope of the distance to the chirp signal, i.e. the modulation frequency, σ is the reflection coefficient, c represents the propagation velocity of the wave, RiRepresenting the instantaneous slant of the antenna to the target, at a frequency fcCorresponding to a signal of wave number Ki＝4πfiC, difference frequency signal fiCorresponding wave number of Ki＝4πfiC; when the original echo signal is subjected to frequency modulation removal processing, a residual video phase item is introduced, so that RVP correction needs to be carried out on the echo signal, an echo signal of a time domain is obtained, and the signal is converted into a two-dimensional wave number domain to obtain the echo signal
Wherein f isadIndicating the Doppler shift, is calculated by
Kx＝4πfa/V、KR＝Kc+Ki、RrefFor reference pitch, SxRThe representation represents the echo signal in the two-dimensional wavenumber domain, and V represents the radar moving speed.
4. The millimeter wave near-field SAR velocity imaging method based on the improved range migration algorithm of claim 1, wherein the matched filtering specifically comprises:
the range warping of the entire scene is corrected by the range warping at the center of the scene, which results in the range warping at the center of the sceneAll the distance curves in the intercepted area can be corrected in subsequent processing because all the distance curves in other distances are not corrected; the matched and filtered signals are:
5. the millimeter wave near-field SAR velocity imaging method based on the improved range migration algorithm of claim 1, wherein the step of matched filtering is a matched filtering function designed according to the second exponential term of the two-dimensional wavenumber domain signal expression of claim 3
A matched filtered representation of the signal may be obtained.
6. The millimeter wave near-field SAR speed imaging method based on the improved range migration algorithm, according to claim 5, the Stolt interpolation transformation specifically comprises the following steps:
the matched and filtered signals are in a Kx-KR two-dimensional wave number domain, and for the Kx-KR two-dimensional wave number domain which is not an orthogonal rectangular coordinate system, distance bending at other positions needs to be compensated through Stolt interpolation for accurate focusing, and K is introducedyWherein
From KyThe expression (A) shows that KR and Kx are uniformly distributed, and Ky is the square error of the two and then the root number, so that Ky is non-uniformly distributed, and K needs to be transformed to use inverse Fourier transformyBecomes uniformly distributed and this operation is done by Stolt interpolation; the specific interpolation process is as follows: according to KRIs divided into K at equal intervalsyThen K is interpolated using linear interpolationR-KxTransformation of data of a domain to Kx-KyIn the domain.
7. The millimeter wave near-field SAR speed imaging method based on the improved range migration algorithm of claim 6, wherein the data after Stolt interpolation transformation is subjected to IFFT processing to obtain an imaging result.
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| CN116224328A (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-06-06 | 重庆邮电大学 | Millimeter wave edge imaging system for target multi-angle scanning and imaging method thereof |
| CN116893411A (en) * | 2023-09-11 | 2023-10-17 | 西安电子科技大学 | Near-field multidimensional matching method based on FD-LFM time domain bandwidth synthesis |
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| CN116224328A (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-06-06 | 重庆邮电大学 | Millimeter wave edge imaging system for target multi-angle scanning and imaging method thereof |
| CN116893411A (en) * | 2023-09-11 | 2023-10-17 | 西安电子科技大学 | Near-field multidimensional matching method based on FD-LFM time domain bandwidth synthesis |
| CN116893411B (en) * | 2023-09-11 | 2023-12-08 | 西安电子科技大学 | Near-field multidimensional matching method based on FD-LFM time domain bandwidth synthesis |
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Effective date of registration: 20240124 Address after: 402460 No. 92 Donglin Avenue, Biquan Street, Bishan District, Chongqing (Building 52) Applicant after: Chongqing Youke Millimeter Wave Technology Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: 400065 Chongwen Road, Nanshan Street, Nanan District, Chongqing Applicant before: Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Technology Development Co.,Ltd. Country or region before: China Applicant before: Chen Guoping |
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