CN114703357A - Method for accurately controlling quenching deformation of thin-wall annular part - Google Patents
Method for accurately controlling quenching deformation of thin-wall annular part Download PDFInfo
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- CN114703357A CN114703357A CN202210175828.5A CN202210175828A CN114703357A CN 114703357 A CN114703357 A CN 114703357A CN 202210175828 A CN202210175828 A CN 202210175828A CN 114703357 A CN114703357 A CN 114703357A
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- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006032 tissue transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
- C21D11/005—Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
A method for accurately controlling quenching deformation of a thin-wall annular part relates to the field of heat treatment, and comprises the following specific operation steps: calculating the transformation point Ac of the hypoeutectoid steel according to the material components of the part3、Ar3Or hypereutectoid steel Ac1、Ar1And a temperature value of Ms; measuring and recording the inner diameter d of the supplied material of the thin-wall annular part, and judging that the diameter size of the thin-wall annular part is in a swelling or shrinking trend after quenching in a free state according to material components and a cooling mode; manufacturing a round tool; measuring the temperature of the hypoeutectoid steel part and the hypereutectoid steel part after austenitizing and heat preserving are finished; after cooling, vertically placing the manufactured round tool into an inner hole of the part; when the surface temperature of the hypoeutectoid steel part is reduced to T = [ Ar ]3+Ms]When/2 time or the surface temperature of hypereutectoid steel parts is reduced to T = [ Ar ]1+Ms]When/2, lift to quenching mediumCooling in the medium; after quenching and cooling are finished, taking the tool out of the inner hole of the part; the method has the advantages of accurate control of quenching deformation, simple and convenient operation and practicability and effectiveness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heat treatment, in particular to a method for accurately controlling quenching deformation of a thin-wall annular part.
Background
The thin-wall annular part is known to be a common part for heat treatment, and comprises a thin-wall carburized gear ring, a thin-wall surface quenching shaft sleeve, a thin-wall quenching and tempering annular movable part and the like, and the shape of the thin-wall carburized gear ring, the thin-wall surface quenching shaft sleeve, the thin-wall quenching and tempering annular movable part and the like is characterized in that the wall thickness and the height are small relative to the diameter, on one hand, the whole diameter is reduced or expanded (determined by material components and a cooling mode), on the other hand, the elliptic deformation is easy to occur, and the elliptic deformation is accompanied by end face buckling deformation, so that great difficulty is brought to later-stage mechanical processing. In order to process a product required by a drawing, the allowance of each part is enlarged when a blank is manufactured, the added allowance is ensured to be larger than the quenching deformation, so that serious material waste is caused, the processing amount of each part is different after the part is deformed, the uniformity of the hardness of the part is not facilitated, and the service performance of the product is finally influenced; if the deformation in the quenching process is larger than the added allowance, the product can not meet the machining requirement and is scrapped easily. Therefore, a method for accurately controlling the deformation of the thin-wall annular part in the quenching process is provided, and becomes a basic demand of the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background art, the invention discloses a method for accurately controlling the quenching deformation of a thin-wall annular part.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for accurately controlling quenching deformation of a thin-wall annular part comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) calculating the transformation point Ac of the hypoeutectoid steel according to the component material composition3、Ar3Or hypereutectoid steel Ac1、Ar1And a temperature value of Ms;
(2) measuring and recording the inner diameter d of the supplied material of the thin-wall annular part, and judging that the diameter size of the thin-wall annular part is in a swelling or shrinking trend after quenching in a free state according to material components and a cooling mode;
(3) manufacturing a tool with a circular appearance according to the size of the part, wherein the height of the tool is 5-10 mm higher than that of the thin-wall annular part; for the parts with the diameter size showing the expansion trend after quenching, the excircle size of the tool is D = D x (1 +3 permillage); for the parts with the diameter size of the quenched part in the reduction trend, the size of the excircle of the tool is D = D;
(4) and the hypoeutectoid steel part is Ac3+ (30-70 ℃) hypereutectoid steel parts at Ac1After austenitizing and heat preservation are finished at 30-70 ℃, hoisting and vertically placing the parts on a horizontal tray, and monitoring the surface temperature of the parts by using temperature measuring equipment;
(5) reducing the temperature of the surface of the hypoeutectoid steel part to Ar 3～Ac3The temperature of the surface of the hypereutectoid steel part is reduced to Ar1～Ac1In a temperature range, vertically placing the manufactured round tool into an inner hole of a part;
(6) along with the reduction of the temperature, the part tightly holds the tool and generates plastic deformation to eliminate the elliptical deformation, and when the surface temperature of the hypoeutectoid steel part is reduced to T = [ Ar ] ([ Ar ])3+Ms]When the temperature of the surface of the hypereutectoid steel part is reduced to T = [ Ar ] when the temperature is/21+Ms]When the workpiece is subjected to quenching, the circular tool and the parts are lifted to a quenching medium for cooling;
(7) and after quenching and cooling are finished, taking the tool out of the inner hole of the hypoeutectoid steel part or the hypereutectoid steel part, and finishing quenching and deformation accurate control operation.
The method for accurately controlling the quenching deformation of the thin-wall annular part comprises the steps of using oil, water or synthetic quenching liquid as a quenching medium, and cooling in the quenching medium for 5-10 minutes.
The accurate control method for quenching deformation of the thin-wall annular part is characterized in that an inner hole is formed in the circular tool, the radial wall thickness of the inner hole is at least 2 times of that of the thin-wall annular part, the chamfer angle of the inner hole is 3 multiplied by 45 degrees, and the roughness of the outer circle of the inner hole is not higher than Ra6.3.
The method for accurately controlling the quenching deformation of the thin-wall annular part has the advantages that when the part is tightly held by the tool in the step (6), the tool is not deformed, and an inner hole of the part is in interference fit with an outer circle of the tool.
The method for accurately controlling the quenching deformation of the thin-wall annular part comprises the step (6) of cooling the tray, the part and the round tool in a quenching medium, wherein the temperature of the part is lower than the Ms point temperature after the cooling is finished.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for accurately controlling the quenching deformation of the thin-wall annular part, the diameter size of the part after quenching in a free state is judged to be in a swelling or shrinking trend according to the material components and the cooling mode according to the objective rules of expansion with heat and contraction with cold of the material and tissue transformation, the circular tool is manufactured according to the size of the part, the elliptical deformation of the part is eliminated in the cooling and shrinking process by means of the supporting action of the circular tool, the quenching cooling and deformation control of the part are synchronously carried out, and finally the quenching hardness and the quenching deformation control target are simultaneously met.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be explained in detail by the following examples, which are disclosed for the purpose of protecting all technical improvements within the scope of the present invention.
The precise control method for quenching deformation of the thin-wall annular part comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) calculating the transformation point Ac of the hypoeutectoid steel according to the component material composition3、Ar3Or hypereutectoid steel Ac1、Ar1And a temperature value of Ms;
(2) measuring and recording the inner diameter d of the supplied material of the thin-wall annular part, and judging that the diameter size of the thin-wall annular part is in a swelling or shrinking trend after quenching in a free state according to material components and a cooling mode;
(3) manufacturing a tool with a circular appearance according to the size of the part, wherein the height of the tool is 5-10 mm higher than that of the thin-wall annular part; for the parts with the diameter size showing the expansion trend after quenching, the excircle size of the tool is D = D x (1 +3 permillage); for the parts with the diameter size of the quenched part in the reduction trend, the size of the excircle of the tool is D = D; an inner hole is formed in the circular tool, the radial wall thickness of the circular tool is at least 2 times of that of the thin-wall annular part, the chamfer angle of the circular tool is 3 multiplied by 45 degrees, and the roughness of the outer circle of the circular tool is not higher than Ra6.3;
(4) and the hypoeutectoid steel part is Ac3+ (30-70 ℃) hypereutectoid steel parts at Ac1After austenitizing and heat preservation are finished at 30-70 ℃, hoisting and vertically placing the parts on a horizontal tray, and monitoring the surface temperature of the parts by using temperature measuring equipment;
(5) reducing the surface temperature of the hypoeutectoid steel part to Ar 3～Ac3The temperature of the surface of the hypereutectoid steel part is reduced to Ar1～Ac1In a temperature range, vertically placing the manufactured round tool into an inner hole of a part;
(6) along with the reduction of the temperature, the part tightly holds the tool and generates plastic deformation to eliminate the elliptical deformation, and when the surface temperature of the hypoeutectoid steel part is reduced to T = [ Ar ] ([ Ar ])3+Ms]When the temperature of the surface of the hypereutectoid steel part is reduced to T = [ Ar ] when the temperature is/21+Ms]When the cooling is finished, the temperature of the part is lower than the Ms point temperature; the accurate control method of quenching deformation of the thin-wall annular part, when the part clasps the frock in step (6), the frock does not deform, the part inner hole and frock excircle are interference fit; the quenching medium is oil, water or synthetic quenching liquid, and the cooling time in the quenching medium is 5-20 minutes;
(7) and after quenching and cooling are finished, taking the tool out of the inner hole of the hypoeutectoid steel part or the hypereutectoid steel part, and finishing quenching and deformation accurate control operation.
Example 1
The thin-wall annular part is made of No. 45, the excircle hardness is required to be more than or equal to HRC45, and the drawing size is as follows: the outer diameter is phi 630mm, the inner diameter is phi 590mm, and the height is 150 mm; adding allowance on the drawing size: the outer diameter is 3mm, the inner diameter is 3mm, and the height is 3 mm; the outer diameter of the part material object is phi 633mm, the wall thickness is 23mm, the inner diameter is phi 587mm, the height is 153mm, the relative diameter sizes of the wall thickness and the height are smaller, water cooling is adopted for quenching cooling, the diameter is in a reduction trend after quenching in a free state, and obvious elliptical deformation can be accompanied, as the allowance of the inner diameter and the outer diameter is only 3mm, if the size is integrally reduced and elliptically deformed after quenching, the dimensional processing requirements of drawings are difficult to meet;
calculated, the part Ac3Temperature of 77 deg.C0℃，Ar3The temperature is 720 ℃, the Ms temperature is 336 ℃ and the austenitizing heat preservation temperature is 830 ℃. According to the actual size of the part, a circular tool is manufactured, the outer diameter of the tool is phi 587mm, the height of the tool is 160mm, the wall thickness of the tool is 60mm, the chamfer angle is 3 multiplied by 45 degrees, and the roughness of the outer circle is Ra6.3.
After the heat preservation of the part is finished at 840 ℃, the part is lifted out of the furnace, placed on a horizontal tray, the surface temperature of the part is monitored by temperature measuring equipment, when the surface temperature of the part is reduced to 730 ℃, the circular tool is vertically placed into an inner hole of the part, the temperature of the part is gradually reduced, the circular tool with strong rigidity and no deformation is tightly held, the circular tool is in interference fit, the part is subjected to plastic deformation at the moment so that the elliptical deformation is eliminated, and when the surface temperature of the part is reduced to 528 ℃, the lifting tray, the part and the circular tool are cooled in water; and cooling for 5min, wherein the temperature of the part after water is discharged is 50 ℃, the part is loosened in interference fit with the excircle of the circular tool, the circular tool is lifted out, and quenching is finished. Through detection, the excircle hardness of the part is HRC 47-49, and the technical requirements of drawings are met; the outer diameter of the part is phi 633.0-633.3 mm, the ellipse is 0.3mm, and the machining requirement is met.
Example 2
The thin-wall annular part is made of 9Cr2, the required hardness is HRC54-58, and the drawing size is as follows: the outer diameter is phi 2100mm, the inner diameter is phi 1912mm, and the height is 285 mm; adding allowance on the drawing size: the outer diameter is 12mm, the inner diameter is 12mm, and the height is 10 mm; the outer diameter of the part material object is phi 2112mm, the wall thickness is 106mm, the inner diameter is phi 1900mm, the height is 295mm, the relative diameter sizes of the wall thickness and the height are smaller, the quenching cooling adopts synthetic quenching liquid cooling, the diameter is in a swelling trend after quenching in a free state and can be accompanied with obvious elliptical deformation, and because the allowance of the inner diameter and the outer diameter is only 12mm, if the size is wholly swelled and deformed elliptically after quenching, the drawing size processing requirement is difficult to meet;
calculated, the part Ac1The temperature is 730 ℃, the Ar1 temperature is 700 ℃, the Ms temperature is 270 ℃, and the austenitizing heat preservation temperature is 800 ℃. According to the actual size of the part, a circular tool is manufactured, the outer diameter of the tool is phi 1905.7 mm, the height of the tool is 300mm, the wall thickness of the tool is 220mm, the chamfer angle is 3 multiplied by 45 degrees, and the roughness of the outer circle is Ra6.3.
After the heat preservation of 800 ℃, the part is lifted out of the furnace, placed on a horizontal tray, and the surface temperature of the part is monitored by temperature measuring equipment, when the surface temperature of the part is reduced to 710 ℃, the circular tool is vertically placed into an inner hole of the part, the temperature of the part is gradually reduced, the circular tool with strong rigidity and no deformation is tightly held, the circular tool is in interference fit, the part is subjected to plastic deformation so that the elliptical deformation is eliminated, and when the surface temperature of a shaft sleeve is reduced to 485 ℃, the lifting tray, the part and the circular tool are put into synthetic quenching liquid together for cooling; and cooling for 15min, wherein the temperature of the part after the part is taken out of the synthetic quenching liquid is 70 ℃, the part is loosened in interference fit with the excircle of the circular tool, the circular tool is lifted out, and quenching is finished. Through detection, the excircle hardness of the part is HRC 55-56, and the technical requirements of drawings are met; the outer diameter of the part is phi 2118.3-2119.3 mm, the ellipse is 1.0mm, and the machining requirement is met.
The present invention is not described in detail in the prior art.
The embodiments selected for the purpose of disclosing the invention, are presently considered to be suitable, it being understood, however, that the invention is intended to cover all variations and modifications of the embodiments which fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for accurately controlling quenching deformation of a thin-wall annular part is characterized by comprising the following steps: the specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) calculating the transformation point Ac of the hypoeutectoid steel according to the component material composition3、Ar3Or hypereutectoid steel Ac1、Ar1And a temperature value of Ms;
(2) measuring and recording the inner diameter d of the supplied material of the thin-wall annular part, and judging that the diameter size of the thin-wall annular part is in a swelling or shrinking trend after quenching in a free state according to material components and a cooling mode;
(3) manufacturing a tool with a circular appearance according to the size of the part, wherein the height of the tool is 5-10 mm higher than that of the thin-wall annular part; for the parts with the diameter size showing the expansion trend after quenching, the excircle size of the tool is D = D x (1 +3 permillage); for the parts with the diameter size of the quenched part in the reduction trend, the size of the excircle of the tool is D = D;
（4) And the hypoeutectoid steel part is Ac3C (30-70 ℃) and the hypereutectoid steel part is Ac1After austenitizing and heat preservation are finished at 30-70 ℃, hoisting and vertically placing the parts on a horizontal tray, and monitoring the surface temperature of the parts by using temperature measuring equipment;
(5) reducing the temperature of the surface of the hypoeutectoid steel part to Ar 3～Ac3The temperature of the surface of the hypereutectoid steel part is reduced to Ar1～Ac1In a temperature range, vertically placing the manufactured round tool into an inner hole of a part;
(6) along with the reduction of the temperature, the part tightly holds the tool and generates plastic deformation to eliminate the elliptical deformation, and when the surface temperature of the hypoeutectoid steel part is reduced to T = [ Ar ] ([ Ar ])3+Ms]When the temperature of the surface of the hypereutectoid steel part is reduced to T = [ Ar ] when the temperature is/21+Ms]When the workpiece is subjected to quenching, the circular tool and the parts are lifted to a quenching medium for cooling;
(7) and after quenching and cooling are finished, taking the tool out of the inner hole of the hypoeutectoid steel part or the hypereutectoid steel part, and finishing quenching and deformation precise control operation.
2. The method for accurately controlling the quenching deformation of the thin-wall annular part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the quenching medium is oil, water or synthetic quenching liquid, and the cooling time in the quenching medium is 5-10 minutes.
3. The method for accurately controlling the quenching deformation of the thin-wall annular part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: an inner hole is formed in the circular tool, the radial wall thickness of the inner hole is at least 2 times of that of the thin-wall annular part, the chamfer angle of the inner hole is 3 multiplied by 45 degrees, and the roughness of the outer circle of the inner hole is not higher than Ra6.3.
4. The method for accurately controlling the quenching deformation of the thin-wall annular part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (6) when the tool is tightly held by the part, the tool does not deform, and the inner hole of the part is in interference fit with the outer circle of the tool.
5. The method for accurately controlling the quenching deformation of the thin-wall annular part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (6) cooling the tray, the part and the round tool in a quenching medium, wherein the temperature of the part is lower than the Ms point temperature at the end of cooling.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210175828.5A CN114703357A (en) | 2022-02-25 | 2022-02-25 | Method for accurately controlling quenching deformation of thin-wall annular part |
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| CN202210175828.5A CN114703357A (en) | 2022-02-25 | 2022-02-25 | Method for accurately controlling quenching deformation of thin-wall annular part |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101760602A (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2010-06-30 | 重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司 | Large-scale thin wall gear ring quenching deformation control method |
| CN107557538A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2018-01-09 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | A kind of thin-wall part process for quenching |
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- 2022-02-25 CN CN202210175828.5A patent/CN114703357A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101760602A (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2010-06-30 | 重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司 | Large-scale thin wall gear ring quenching deformation control method |
| CN107557538A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2018-01-09 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | A kind of thin-wall part process for quenching |
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