CN114701618B - Ship precision control method based on total section construction - Google Patents
Ship precision control method based on total section construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN114701618B CN114701618B CN202210229748.3A CN202210229748A CN114701618B CN 114701618 B CN114701618 B CN 114701618B CN 202210229748 A CN202210229748 A CN 202210229748A CN 114701618 B CN114701618 B CN 114701618B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
- B63B73/10—Building or assembling vessels from prefabricated hull blocks, i.e. complete hull cross-sections
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Abstract
The invention provides a precision control method of a ship based on total section construction, which adopts a precision control technical scheme of sectionally transferring a reference, gradually improving precision and distributing implementation compensation, firstly definitely controlling an event and a corresponding precision target value, then determining the precision control scheme, actually measuring and analyzing the precision of the event by setting a precision adjustment priority, finally implementing corresponding precision compensation measures, and finally realizing effective control of the precision of the ship. The precision control method solves the problem of high precision control difficulty in the process of building the ship block, shortens the engineering construction time, improves the ship construction efficiency, is safe and reliable, and ensures the site construction safety. The invention effectively solves the problem that the precision errors of the assembly, the positioning and mounting of the base and the equipment are difficult to control when the assembly is built, and improves the building quality and the building efficiency of the ship, thereby effectively overcoming various defects in the prior art and having high industrial utilization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ship construction, in particular to a ship precision control method based on total section construction.
Background
The total section building method is a mature and advanced ship building technology at present, and particularly aims at a large ship, the total section building is usually to build a ship in a plurality of giant segments at the same time, and finally the giant total section is sent to a berth for final assembly through a gantry crane, so that the total section building method is the most efficient method at present, and the berth period can be greatly shortened.
At present, the general ship construction flow based on the total section construction method is as follows: after the ship body is folded, hoisting main equipment and auxiliary equipment of the ship into a cabin, carrying out stay wire illumination on a shaft system after the ship is launched, and installing the main equipment and the auxiliary equipment of the ship. The method has obvious defects: in the process of manufacturing and installing each giant segment, an accuracy error inevitably exists, and along with the folding of the giant segments, the accuracy error is continuously enlarged; precision errors exist in the positioning of the shafting center line and the equipment, in the manufacture and installation of the base, and in the assembly between the equipment and the base. These errors affect the quality and efficiency of ship construction, affecting the successful completion of engineering nodes.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a ship precision method based on total section construction, which is simple, reasonable and feasible to operate, and realizes effective control of ship construction precision by means of a precision control technical scheme of sectionally transferring a reference, gradually improving precision and distributing implementation compensation.
The invention provides a ship precision control method based on total section construction, which comprises the following steps:
s101: defining precision control events and precision control target values of all the control events, wherein the control events comprise total section folding, base and shaft bracket installation, equipment assembly, shafting load adjustment and shafting center line adjustment;
s102: determining an accuracy control scheme, adopting a step-by-step transfer standard measure according to the building flow of a ship total section and the accuracy requirements of each control event, decomposing the ship accuracy control requirement step by step, transferring the ship accuracy control requirement to equipment and a base on and in each section from low to high according to the requirement, gradually improving the ship building accuracy, and formulating reasonable compensation measures for different control events;
s103: setting precision control priority, classifying each large control event according to the event category and the sequence logic relationship of the ship block construction, constructing a ship precision chain link, and obtaining the precision control priority sequence according to the link;
s104: measuring and analyzing the accuracy of each control event;
s105: and (3) implementing precision compensation, aiming at the corresponding control event, adopting precision compensation measures by combining the precision deviation reasons analyzed in the step (S104), and finally realizing that the precision of the event is within the precision control target value range of the step (S101).
Preferably, in step S102, the control measures for the total segment closure are: and controlling the baseline and reference point precision of the ship body through a total station detector, controlling the distance between the reference points of the rib positions of the ship body according to +/-0.5L/1000 mm, setting a shafting adjusting section, lengthening a stern shaft, and reserving a margin for compensating the folding length of the total section.
Preferably, in step S102, the control measures for the mounting of the base and the axle bracket are: monitoring the precision of the shaft bracket through a steel ruler, a total station detector and a light irradiation instrument, adopting the allowance of an inner hole and an end surface hole of the shaft bracket for precision compensation, and controlling the precision of the shaft bracket through shafting light irradiation and boring bar calibration processing; the flatness, parallelism and roughness of the base are controlled by machining the base, and machining allowance is reserved between the base panel and the bottom of the base to control the precision of the base.
Preferably, in step S102, the control measure for the shafting center line adjustment is: the precision of the shaft system center line is controlled by sectionally stay wire illumination, and measures including that a gasket is eccentric, a screw shaft is left with allowance, a propeller shaft is left with allowance and a hydraulic coupling flange is arranged are utilized to compensate the precision.
Preferably, in step S102, the control measures for the equipment assembly are: the assembly precision of the shafting stay wire illumination control equipment is utilized, and the assembly precision of the gasket mounting and adjusting compensation equipment is utilized.
Preferably, in step S102, the control measure for shafting load adjustment is: and the shaft system load is controlled within 15% of the target value by monitoring the shaft system bearing load and adjusting the installation positions of the intermediate bearing and the equipment.
Preferably, in step S103, the priority of the precision control is, in order from high to low: the first main path, the branch path and the second main path;
the priority of the precision control in the first main path is as follows from high to low in sequence: determining the total group of the total sections, the closure of the total sections and the center of a shafting;
the branch circuits comprise a first branch circuit and a second branch circuit, and the priority of the first branch circuit is as follows from high to low: positioning a shaft bracket, mounting a shaft tube, mounting a shaft section and mounting a propeller; the priority of the second branch is sequentially from high to low: processing and positioning the base and main estimating and positioning; the first branch and the second branch have the same priority;
the priority of the second main path precision control is as follows from high to low in sequence: intermediate bearing positioning, main reducing positioning, main machine positioning and shafting load adjustment.
Preferably, step S104 specifically includes:
the method comprises the steps of measuring an accuracy value aiming at a central line of a ship body block, a base, a shaft bracket and a shaft system by adopting measuring equipment comprising a steel ruler, a total station detector and a light-emitting instrument, comparing the accuracy value with a theoretical value, dividing the accuracy value into reasons for generating accuracy deviation according to field construction experience, a ship body state and a measured value deviation rate, and analyzing the rationality of the accuracy deviation rate.
Preferably, in step S105, the precision compensation implemented on the host includes:
after the ship is launched, the position of the host is determined through stay wire illumination, the host is hoisted, the axial offset and the radial offset of the illumination measurement host and the main reducer are adjusted by utilizing an oil cylinder or a jacking bolt and a lateral adjusting screw, so that the position of the host is corresponding to a positioning bolt hole between the host and the main reducer, the illumination measurement host is performed again until the position measured value of the host meets the requirement of the host assembly precision index, the position information of the host is recorded, and the high-precision installation of the host is realized by installing a welding gasket and an adjusting gasket.
Preferably, in step S101, the precision control target values of the respective control events are respectively: closing the total section for 10mm; the base and the shaft bracket are installed for 5mm; assembling the equipment by 0.1mm; shafting load adjustment by 15%Fn; the axis center line is adjusted by 0.5mm.
As described above, the invention provides a precision control method for a ship based on block construction, which adopts a precision control technical scheme of sectional transfer reference, step-by-step precision improvement and distribution implementation compensation, firstly, an event and a corresponding precision target value are definitely controlled, then, the precision control scheme is determined, the precision of the event is actually measured and analyzed by setting a precision adjustment priority, and finally, corresponding precision compensation measures are implemented, thereby finally realizing effective control of the precision of the ship. The precision control method solves the problem of high precision control difficulty in the process of building the ship block, shortens the engineering construction time, improves the ship construction efficiency, and ensures the safety of site construction by feeding back the method through site use. The invention effectively solves the problem that the precision errors of the assembly, the positioning and mounting of the base and the equipment are difficult to control when the assembly is built, and the precision control method is convenient and simple to use, safe and reliable in use process, achieves good use effect, improves the building quality and the building efficiency of the ship, and provides guarantee for the smooth completion of engineering nodes, thereby effectively overcoming various defects in the prior art and having high industrial utilization value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a precision control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a precision chain diagram of a precision control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
As described in detail in the embodiments of the present invention, the cross-sectional view of the device structure is not partially enlarged to a general scale for convenience of explanation, and the schematic drawings are only examples, which should not limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in actual fabrication.
For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "under", "below", "beneath", "above", "upper" and the like may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that these spatially relative terms are intended to encompass other orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. Furthermore, when a layer is referred to as being "between" two layers, it can be the only layer between the two layers or one or more intervening layers may also be present. As used herein, "between … …" is meant to include both endpoints.
In the context of this application, a structure described as a first feature being "on" a second feature may include embodiments where the first and second features are formed in direct contact, as well as embodiments where additional features are formed between the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact.
It should be noted that, the illustrations provided in the present embodiment merely illustrate the basic concept of the present invention by way of illustration, and only the components related to the present invention are shown in the drawings and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of each component in actual implementation may be changed at will, and the layout of the components may be more complex.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a ship precision control method based on total section construction, which comprises the following steps:
s101: the accuracy control event and the accuracy control target value of each control event are defined. Specifically, according to the characteristics of the building of the total section, the control events comprise the closing of the total section, the installation of a base and a shaft bracket, the assembly of equipment, the adjustment of the shafting load and the adjustment of the shafting center line; the accuracy control target values for the respective control events are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
| General section closure | Base/axle stand | Shafting center line | Equipment assembly | Shafting load |
| 10mm | 5mm | 0.5mm | 0.1mm | 15％Fn |
S102: a precision control scheme is determined.
Specifically, according to the building flow of the ship total section and the precision requirements of each control event, the method adopts a step-by-step transfer standard measure to decompose the precision control requirement of the ship step by step, transfers the precision control requirement of the ship to equipment and a base on each section and in each section from low to high according to the requirement, gradually improves the building precision of the ship, and formulates reasonable compensation measures for different control events. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) The control measures for the total segment closure are as follows: and controlling the baseline and reference point precision of the ship body through a total station detector, controlling the distance between the reference points of the rib positions of the ship body according to +/-0.5L/1000 mm, setting a shafting adjusting section, lengthening a stern shaft, and reserving a margin for compensating the folding length of the total section.
(2) The control measures for the installation of the base and the shaft bracket are as follows: monitoring the precision of the shaft bracket through a steel ruler, a total station detector and a light irradiation instrument, adopting the allowance of an inner hole and an end surface hole of the shaft bracket for precision compensation, and controlling the precision of the shaft bracket through shafting light irradiation and boring bar calibration processing; the flatness, parallelism and roughness of the base are controlled by machining the base, and machining allowance is reserved between the base panel and the bottom of the base to control the precision of the base.
(3) The control measures for the axis line adjustment are as follows: the precision of the shaft system center line is controlled by sectionally stay wire illumination, and measures including that a gasket is eccentric, a screw shaft is left with allowance, a propeller shaft is left with allowance and a hydraulic coupling flange is arranged are utilized to compensate the precision.
(4) The control measures for equipment assembly are as follows: the assembly precision of the shafting stay wire illumination control equipment is utilized, and the assembly precision of the gasket mounting and adjusting compensation equipment is utilized.
(5) The control measures for shafting load adjustment are as follows: and the shaft system load is controlled within 15% of the target value by monitoring the shaft system bearing load and adjusting the installation positions of the intermediate bearing and the equipment.
S103: setting the precision control priority.
Specifically, according to the event category and the sequence logic relationship of the ship total section construction, classifying each large control event, constructing a ship precision chain link, and obtaining the precision control priority sequence according to the links.
The priority of the precision control is as follows from high to low: the system comprises a first main path, a branch path and a second main path.
The priority of the precision control in the first main path is as follows from high to low in sequence: and determining the total group of the total sections, the total section closure and the shafting center.
The branch circuits comprise a first branch circuit and a second branch circuit, and the priority of the first branch circuit is as follows from high to low: positioning a shaft bracket, mounting a shaft tube, mounting a shaft section and mounting a propeller; the priority of the second branch is sequentially from high to low: processing and positioning the base and main estimating and positioning; the first branch is the same priority as the second branch.
The priority of the second main path is sequentially from high to low: intermediate bearing positioning, main reducing positioning, main machine positioning and shafting load adjustment.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the control of the precision of the ship built based on the total section runs through the whole building stage, the links are divided into main roads and branch roads, the main roads are first to the branch roads, and finally the main roads are returned. The links first start from the hull block assembly, go to the block closure phase, and then determine the shafting center line. After the shafting center line is determined, the ship precision chain link is divided into two lines: (1) Aiming at shafting equipment, positioning from the shaft bracket, and mounting to a shaft tube, a shaft section and a propeller; (2) Processing and positioning the equipment bases, and positioning a main pushing (main pushing control device) after the ship is launched. After the main pushing and positioning, equipment such as an intermediate bearing, a main reducer (a main speed reduction control device), a main machine (a ship power device) and the like are sequentially positioned and installed, and finally, the load of the shaft system is adjusted.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 2, for each event precision priority, the closer the control event is to the top of the link, the higher the priority is, and the more the precision control is prioritized; the closer the control event is to the bottom of the link, the lower the priority of the control event is, and the later the accuracy control is; the two lines that control events after the axis centerline have no priority order for events on the two legs to each other and still have priority order for events on the same leg. It should be further noted that the precision chain link is specific to the structure and corresponding equipment of a ship, and if the precision chain link is extended to other ship types, the precision chain link can be changed appropriately according to the specific ship type.
S104: the accuracy of each control event is measured and analyzed.
Specifically, measuring equipment comprising a steel ruler, a total station detector and an illuminator is adopted to measure precision values aiming at the center lines of the ship body total section, the base, the shaft bracket and the shaft system, and the precision values are compared with theoretical values, and the reasons for generating precision deviation are divided according to site construction experience, the ship body state and the measured value deviation rate, and the rationality of the precision deviation rate is analyzed.
S105: and (5) performing precision compensation.
For the corresponding control event, taking a precision compensation measure in combination with the reason of the precision deviation analyzed in the step S104, and finally realizing that the precision of the event is within the range of the precision control target value in the step S101. Specifically, taking the compensation of accuracy implemented on the host as an example: after the ship is launched, the position of the host is determined through stay wire illumination, the host is hoisted, the axial offset and the radial offset of the illumination measurement host and the main reducer are adjusted by utilizing an oil cylinder or a jacking bolt and a lateral adjusting screw, so that the position of the host is corresponding to a positioning bolt hole between the host and the main reducer, the illumination measurement host is performed again until the position measured value of the host meets the requirement of the host assembly precision index, the position information of the host is recorded, and the high-precision installation of the host is realized by installing a welding gasket and an adjusting gasket.
In summary, the invention provides a precision control method for a ship based on total section construction, which adopts a precision control technical scheme of sectional transfer reference, step-by-step precision improvement and distribution implementation compensation, firstly, an event and a corresponding precision target value are definitely controlled, then, the precision control scheme is determined, the precision of the event is actually measured and analyzed by setting a precision adjustment priority, and finally, corresponding precision compensation measures are implemented, thereby finally realizing effective control of the precision of the ship. The precision control method solves the problem of high precision control difficulty in the process of building the ship block, shortens the engineering construction time, improves the ship construction efficiency, and ensures the safety of site construction by feeding back the method through site use. The invention effectively solves the problem that the precision errors of the assembly, the positioning and mounting of the base and the equipment are difficult to control when the assembly is built, and the precision control method is convenient and simple to use, safe and reliable in use process, achieves good use effect, improves the building quality and the building efficiency of the ship, and provides guarantee for the smooth completion of engineering nodes, thereby effectively overcoming various defects in the prior art and having high industrial utilization value.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the invention. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations of the invention be covered by the claims, which are within the ordinary skill of the art, be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (9)
1. The ship precision control method based on the total section construction is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s101: defining precision control events and precision control target values of all the control events, wherein the control events comprise total section folding, base and shaft bracket installation, equipment assembly, shafting load adjustment and shafting center line adjustment;
s102: determining an accuracy control scheme, adopting a step-by-step transfer standard measure according to the building flow of a ship total section and the accuracy requirements of each control event, decomposing the ship accuracy control requirement step by step, transferring the ship accuracy control requirement to equipment and a base on and in each section from low to high according to the requirement, gradually improving the ship building accuracy, and formulating reasonable compensation measures for different control events;
s103: setting precision control priority, classifying each large control event according to the event category and the sequence logic relationship of the ship block construction, constructing a ship precision chain link, and obtaining the precision control priority sequence according to the link;
s104: the accuracy of each control event is measured and analyzed: measuring an accuracy value aiming at a central line of a ship body block, a base, a shaft bracket and a shaft system by adopting measuring equipment comprising a steel ruler, a total station detector and a light-emitting instrument, comparing the accuracy value with a theoretical value, dividing the accuracy value into reasons for generating accuracy deviation according to field construction experience, a ship body state and a measured value deviation rate, and analyzing the rationality of the accuracy deviation rate;
s105: and (3) implementing precision compensation, aiming at the corresponding control event, adopting precision compensation measures by combining the precision deviation reasons analyzed in the step (S104), and finally realizing that the precision of the event is within the precision control target value range of the step (S101).
2. The ship accuracy control method according to claim 1, wherein in step S102, the control measure for the total segment closure is: and controlling the baseline and reference point precision of the ship body through a total station detector, controlling the distance between the reference points of the rib positions of the ship body according to +/-0.5L/1000 mm, setting a shafting adjusting section, lengthening a stern shaft, and reserving a margin for compensating the folding length of the total section.
3. The ship accuracy control method according to claim 1, wherein in step S102, the control measures for the base and pedestal mounting are: monitoring the precision of the shaft bracket through a steel ruler, a total station detector and a light irradiation instrument, adopting the allowance of an inner hole and an end surface hole of the shaft bracket for precision compensation, and controlling the precision of the shaft bracket through shafting light irradiation and boring bar calibration processing; the flatness, parallelism and roughness of the base are controlled by machining the base, and machining allowance is reserved between the base panel and the bottom of the base to control the precision of the base.
4. The ship accuracy control method according to claim 1, wherein in step S102, the control measure for the shafting center line adjustment is: the precision of the shaft system center line is controlled by sectionally stay wire illumination, and measures including that a gasket is eccentric, a screw shaft is left with allowance, a propeller shaft is left with allowance and a hydraulic coupling flange is arranged are utilized to compensate the precision.
5. The ship accuracy control method according to claim 1, wherein in step S102, the control measures for the equipment assembly are: the assembly precision of the shafting stay wire illumination control equipment is utilized, and the assembly precision of the gasket mounting and adjusting compensation equipment is utilized.
6. The ship accuracy control method according to claim 1, wherein in step S102, the control measure for shafting load adjustment is: and the shaft system load is controlled within 15% of the target value by monitoring the shaft system bearing load and adjusting the installation positions of the intermediate bearing and the equipment.
7. The ship accuracy control method according to claim 1, wherein in step S103, the priority of accuracy control is, in order from high to low: the first main path, the branch path and the second main path;
the priority of the precision control in the first main path is as follows from high to low in sequence: determining the total group of the total sections, the closure of the total sections and the center of a shafting;
the branch circuits comprise a first branch circuit and a second branch circuit, and the priority of the first branch circuit is as follows from high to low: positioning a shaft bracket, mounting a shaft tube, mounting a shaft section and mounting a propeller; the priority of the second branch is sequentially from high to low: processing and positioning the base and main estimating and positioning; the first branch and the second branch have the same priority;
the priority of the second main path precision control is as follows from high to low in sequence: intermediate bearing positioning, main reducing positioning, main machine positioning and shafting load adjustment.
8. The ship accuracy control method according to claim 1, wherein the accuracy compensation performed on the host machine in step S105 includes:
after the ship is launched, the position of the host is determined through stay wire illumination, the host is hoisted, the axial offset and the radial offset of the illumination measurement host and the main reducer are adjusted by utilizing an oil cylinder or a jacking bolt and a lateral adjusting screw, so that the position of the host is corresponding to a positioning bolt hole between the host and the main reducer, the illumination measurement host is performed again until the position measured value of the host meets the requirement of the host assembly precision index, the position information of the host is recorded, and the high-precision installation of the host is realized by installing a welding gasket and an adjusting gasket.
9. The ship accuracy control method according to claim 1, wherein in step S101, the accuracy control target values of the respective control events are respectively: closing the total section for 10mm; the base and the shaft bracket are installed for 5mm; assembling the equipment by 0.1mm; shafting load adjustment by 15%Fn; the axis center line is adjusted by 0.5mm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| SU1237554A1 (en) * | 1984-02-27 | 1986-06-15 | Проектно-Конструкторское Бюро Главного Управления Речного Флота | Method and apparatus for aligning ship shaft line |
| CN101516719B (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2012-05-23 | 日立造船株式会社 | Evaluation method and device for ship shafting calibration |
| JP2011056972A (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2011-03-24 | Tsuji Heavy Industries (Jiangsu) Co Ltd | Hull construction method |
| CN105785944B (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2018-08-31 | 江苏科技大学 | Ship production accuracy control process and system |
| CN110525582A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-12-03 | 上海江南长兴造船有限责任公司 | One kind large-scale pedestal peculiar to vessel always organizes prepackage accuracy control method |
| CN111591409B (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2021-11-19 | 江苏新扬子造船有限公司 | Process method for improving forward reverse propelling precision of construction process |
| CN112591031A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-04-02 | 渤海造船厂集团有限公司 | Ship axis precision control method based on digital online detection technology |
| CN113401308B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2022-10-14 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | Ship large-line type subsection total assembly precision control method |
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