CN114700615A - Optical device and method for realizing light spot conversion through graded-index optical fiber - Google Patents
Optical device and method for realizing light spot conversion through graded-index optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN114700615A CN114700615A CN202210251997.2A CN202210251997A CN114700615A CN 114700615 A CN114700615 A CN 114700615A CN 202210251997 A CN202210251997 A CN 202210251997A CN 114700615 A CN114700615 A CN 114700615A
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012994 industrial processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0648—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising lenses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/0994—Fibers, light pipes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
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- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an optical device and a method for realizing light spot conversion through a graded-index optical fiber, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the optical fiber comprises a light source, a first graded index optical fiber, a transmission optical waveguide and a second graded index optical fiber; the length of the first graded index optical fiber is one quarter of the minimum distance of the first repeated ray track of the laser beam in the first graded index optical fiber and any fraction between +/-0 and 1, or any fraction between +/-0 and 1 of an integer of the minimum distance of the quarter repeated ray track. The laser beam is refracted for the first time through the first multi-graded-index optical fiber, the transmission optical waveguide conducts the laser beam to form the laser beam which is distributed in a rotational symmetry mode, the second multi-graded-index optical fiber refracts the laser beam for the second time, therefore, light spot transformation is achieved, a complex machining structure does not need to be added, the manufacturing method is simple, the size is small, the structure is compact, the stability is good, and the existing optical fiber laser processing system can be compatible.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fiber laser, in particular to an optical device and a method for realizing light spot conversion through a graded-index fiber.
Background
The fiber laser is a mainstream laser applied in the industry at present, has the advantages that the optical fiber is soft and bendable, the miniaturization and the lightweight can be realized, the influence of the external environment is not easy, the stability is high, the single-cavity high-power output can be realized through the serial or parallel design of the pump sources, and the fiber laser has wide application prospect in the fields of industrial processing, material processing, national defense scientific research and the like. The industrial application mainly comprises laser cutting, welding, marking, cleaning, cladding and the like. The equipment used for sheet metal cutting in the past was mainly CO2With the development of the technology, the fiber laser gradually occupies the markets of the solid laser and the gas laser, and becomes the largest laser variety in the sheet metal processing market. The fiber laser has obvious advantages in cutting thin plates, but the difficulty is obvious for thick plates with the thickness of more than 30 mm. Firstly, the laser spot diameter for processing is generally small, and the focal depth is limited after the laser spot diameter is converged by the lens. When cutting such a plate material, although a high laser power density can be maintained in the cutting depth, the cutting slit is thin due to a small beam diameter, which is not favorable for cutting and slag discharge. Second, the heat loss in the cutting area increases due to the decrease in cutting speed. In addition, for processing plates with different thicknesses and different materials, the vertical position of a lens in the processing head needs to be changed, and the position of a focal plane needs to be changed, so that detailed parameter configuration information needs to be known for one processing device, and the dependency on the experience of a person is high.
In order to improve the processing efficiency of the thick plate, the focal depth of the focal point needs to be extended under the condition of not using a long-focus lens, so that edge breakage and edge melting of a cutting area are reduced, and the cutting quality is improved. The laser power and the parametric product of the laser beam are two important parameters of the processing technology. The Beam Parameter Product (BPP) of a laser beam is defined as the product of the beam radius (at the beam waist) and the half divergence angle (far field). Are often used to characterize the beam quality of a laser beam. For specific cutting, the parameter product of the laser beam is adjusted by changing the spot size or the beam divergence angle. The two methods for modulating the light spots on the market are mainly used, the first method is to combine two lasers with different light spots through a composite processing head, an optical component and a complex machining component are additionally required to be added in the method, the cost is high, and the stability of the system is reduced because the optical component is easily influenced by vibration. The second is to bend the optical fiber in the laser to change the optical wave mode in the optical fiber to realize the adjustment of the light spot, but bending the optical fiber may cause the performance degradation of the optical fiber and reduce the stability of the laser.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to the defects in the prior art, and the main object of the present invention is to provide an optical device and a method for realizing spot conversion by a graded-index fiber, which have the advantages of good stability and compatibility with the existing fiber laser processing system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an optical device for spot conversion by a graded index fiber, comprising: the device comprises a light source, a first graded index optical fiber, a transmission optical waveguide and a second graded index optical fiber;
the light source is positioned beside the first graded-index optical fiber, and one end of the transmission optical waveguide is connected with one end, away from the light source, of the first graded-index optical fiber; one end of the second graded-index optical fiber is connected with the other end of the transmission optical waveguide;
the laser beam is transmitted along the axial direction of the first graded-index optical fiber, and the vertical distance between each point on the light ray track and the optical axis is periodically changed to form a first repeated light ray track; the laser beam is transmitted along the axial direction of the second graded index optical fiber, and the vertical distance between each point on the light ray track and the optical axis is periodically changed to form a second repeated light ray track;
wherein the length of the first graded index fiber is one quarter of the minimum distance of the first repeated light ray track and any fraction between +/-0 and 1, or the length of the first graded index fiber is any fraction between +/-0 and 1 of an integer of the minimum distance of the one quarter of the first repeated light ray track;
the length of the second graded index fiber is one quarter of the minimum distance of the second repeated ray track and any fraction between +/-0 and 1, or one quarter of the minimum distance of the second repeated ray track and any fraction between +/-0 and 1.
In one embodiment, the first graded index fiber and the second graded index fiber have a core region refractive index parabolic profile in cross section.
In one embodiment, the laser beam propagates along the axial direction of the first multiple graded-index fiber, and the perpendicular distance between each point on the light ray track and the optical axis changes periodically.
In one embodiment, the first multiple graded-index optical fiber, the transmission optical waveguide, and the second multiple graded-index optical fiber are coaxially disposed and connected in a unitary structure.
In one embodiment, the cross-section of the transmitting light wave is circular, square, regular hexagonal or regular octagonal.
In one embodiment, the transmission optical waveguide includes a light guide channel layer and a cladding layer that is clad outside the light guide channel layer.
In one embodiment, the cladding is further coated with a protective layer.
In one embodiment, the laser device further comprises a moving device, wherein the moving device is connected with the light source and drives the light source to move transversely and longitudinally so as to change the incidence position of the laser beam.
A method for realizing light spot conversion through a graded index optical fiber uses the optical device for realizing light spot conversion through the graded index optical fiber, and comprises the following steps:
the laser beam emitted by the light source is emitted into the first multi-graded-index optical fiber to be refracted for the first time, and the transmission angle and the transmission track of the laser beam are changed;
the laser beams after the first refraction are emitted into the transmission optical waveguide, and the laser beams are transmitted through the transmission optical waveguide to form laser beams which are distributed in a rotational symmetry manner;
the laser beams which are rotationally and symmetrically distributed are injected into the second multi-graded-index optical fiber to be refracted for the second time, and the transmission angle and the transmission track of the laser beams are changed again;
and the laser beam after the second refraction is emitted from the second multi-graded index fiber to form a laser spot with laser beam waist.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps:
and driving the moving device to drive the light source to move so as to change the position and the angle of the laser beam which is injected into the first multi-graded-index optical fiber, thereby realizing the change of the light spot of the laser beam waist.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects, and specifically, the technical scheme shows that:
the laser beam is refracted for the first time through the first multi-graded-index optical fiber, the transmission optical waveguide conducts the laser beam to form the laser beam which is distributed in a rotational symmetry mode, the second multi-graded-index optical fiber refracts the laser beam for the second time, therefore, light spot transformation is achieved, a complex machining structure does not need to be added, the manufacturing method is simple, the size is small, the structure is compact, the stability is good, and the existing optical fiber laser processing system can be compatible.
To more clearly illustrate the structural features and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical device for realizing spot conversion by a graded-index optical fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view and relative refractive index profile of a first multiple graded-index fiber and a second multiple graded-index fiber at A-A and B-B in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transmission trajectory of a laser beam in a second multiple graded index optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
10-a light source; 20-a mobile device; 30-a first multiple graded-index fiber; 40-a transmission optical waveguide; 41-a protective layer; 42-a cladding layer; 43-a light-guiding channel layer; 50-a second multiple graded-index fiber; 60-light spot.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.
It will be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, as used herein, refer to an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings that is solely for the purpose of facilitating the description and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be considered as limiting the present application.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present application provides an optical device for realizing spot conversion by a graded index optical fiber, including: a light source 10, a first multiple graded-index optical fiber 30, a transmission optical waveguide 40, and a second multiple graded-index optical fiber 50;
the light source 10 is located beside the first multiple graded-index optical fiber 30, and one end of the transmission optical waveguide 40 is connected with one end of the first multiple graded-index optical fiber 30, which is far away from the light source 10; one end of the second multiple graded-index optical fiber 50 is connected to the other end of the transmission optical waveguide 40;
the laser beam propagates along the axial direction of the first graded-index fiber 30, and the perpendicular distance between each point on the light ray trajectory and the optical axis periodically changes to form a first repetitive light ray trajectory. The laser beam propagates along the axial direction of the second graded index fiber 50, and the vertical distance between each point on the light ray track and the optical axis changes periodically to form a second repeated light ray track;
wherein the length of the first graded index fiber 30 is one-fourth of the minimum distance of the first repetitive light ray path and any fraction between + -0 and 1, or any fraction between + -0 and 1 of the integer of the minimum distance of the one-fourth repetitive light ray path;
illustratively, the minimum distance of the first repeating ray trace within the first graded-index fiber 30 is defined as P1, and the first graded-index fiber 30 length is one-quarter of the ray trace repeating minimum distance plus or minus any fraction between 0 and 1 (i.e., (1 + -x) P1/4, x being any fraction between 0 and 1), or one-quarter of the ray trace repeating minimum distance plus or minus any fraction between 0 and 1 (i.e., (n + -x) P1/4, x being any fraction between 0 and 1).
The length of the second graded-index fiber 50 is one-quarter of the minimum distance of the second repeating light ray trajectory and any fraction between 0 and 1, or any fraction between 0 and 1, which is an integer of the minimum distance of the one-quarter of the repeating light ray trajectory.
Illustratively, the minimum distance of the second repeating light ray trajectory within the second graded-index fiber 50 is defined as P2, and the second graded-index fiber 50 length is the quarter light ray trajectory repeating minimum distance plus or minus any fraction between 0 and 1 (i.e., (1 + -x) P2/4, x being any fraction between 0 and 1), or the integer of the quarter light ray trajectory repeating minimum distance plus or minus any fraction between 0 and 1 (i.e., (n + -x) P2/4, x being any fraction between 0 and 1).
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the first graded index light, 30, and the second graded index fiber, 50, have a core region index of refraction that is parabolic in cross section.
In one embodiment, the first multiple graded-index fiber 30, the transmission optical waveguide 40, and the second multiple graded-index fiber 50 are coaxially disposed and joined in a unitary structure.
In one embodiment, the cross-section of the transmitted light wave is circular, square, regular hexagonal or regular octagonal.
In one embodiment, the transmission optical waveguide 40 includes a light guide channel layer 43 and a cladding layer 42, the cladding layer 42 being clad outside the light guide channel layer 43.
In one embodiment, the cladding 42 is further coated with a protective layer 41.
In one embodiment, a moving device 20 is further included, and the moving device 20 is connected to the light source 10 and drives the light source 10 to move laterally and longitudinally to change the incident position of the laser beam.
The invention also provides a method for realizing light spot conversion through the graded index optical fiber, and an optical device for realizing light spot conversion through the graded index optical fiber is used, and the method comprises the following steps:
a laser beam emitted by the light source 10 is incident into the first multi-graded-index optical fiber 30 to be refracted for the first time, and the transmission angle and the transmission track of the laser beam are changed;
the laser beam after the first refraction is injected into the transmission optical waveguide 40, and the laser beam forms a laser beam which is rotationally symmetrically distributed after being transmitted by the transmission optical waveguide 40;
the laser beams which are rotationally symmetrically distributed are injected into the second multi-graded-index optical fiber 50 for secondary refraction, and the transmission angle and the transmission track of the laser beams are changed again;
the second refracted laser beam is emitted from the second graded-index fiber 50 to form a laser spot 60 having a laser beam waist.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps:
the driving and moving device 20 drives the light source 10 to move so as to change the position and angle of the laser beam incident on the first multiple graded-index optical fiber 30, so that the spot 60 of the laser beam waist is changed, and the modulation of the laser beam parametric product is realized.
The first multi-graded-index optical fiber 30 is used for refracting the laser beam for the first time, the transmission optical waveguide 40 is used for refracting the laser beam after the laser beam is transmitted to form the laser beam which is distributed in a rotational symmetry manner, and the second multi-graded-index optical fiber 50 is used for refracting the laser beam for the second time, so that light spot conversion is realized, a complex machining structure is not required to be added, the manufacturing method is simple, the size is small, the structure is compact, the stability is good, and the existing optical fiber laser processing system can be compatible.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. An optical device for spot conversion by a graded index fiber, comprising: the optical fiber comprises a light source, a first graded index optical fiber, a transmission optical waveguide and a second graded index optical fiber;
the light source is positioned beside the first graded-index optical fiber, and one end of the transmission optical waveguide is connected with one end of the first graded-index optical fiber, which is far away from the light source; one end of the second graded-index optical fiber is connected with the other end of the transmission optical waveguide;
the laser beam is transmitted along the axial direction of the first graded-index optical fiber, and the vertical distance between each point on the light ray track and the optical axis is periodically changed to form a first repeated light ray track; the laser beam is transmitted along the axial direction of the second graded index optical fiber, and the vertical distance between each point on the light ray track and the optical axis is periodically changed to form a second repeated light ray track;
wherein the length of the first graded index fiber is one quarter of the minimum distance of the first repeated light ray track and any fraction between +/-0 and 1, or the length of the first graded index fiber is any fraction between +/-0 and 1 of an integer of the minimum distance of the one quarter of the first repeated light ray track;
the length of the second graded index fiber is one quarter of the minimum distance of the second repeated ray track and any fraction between +/-0 and 1, or one quarter of the minimum distance of the second repeated ray track and any fraction between +/-0 and 1.
2. The optical device for spot conversion by graded index fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the refractive indexes of the first graded index fiber and the second graded index fiber are distributed in a parabolic manner on the cross section of the first graded index fiber and the second graded index fiber.
3. The optical device for spot conversion by graded index fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the first graded index optical fiber, the transmission optical waveguide and the second graded index optical fiber are coaxially arranged and connected to form an integral structure.
4. The optical device for realizing spot conversion by graded index optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the transmission light wave is circular, square, regular hexagon or regular octagon.
5. The optical device for spot conversion by graded index fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the transmission optical waveguide comprises a light guide channel layer and a cladding, and the cladding is coated outside the light guide channel layer.
6. The optical device for spot conversion by graded index fiber according to claim 5, wherein: the outer of the wrapping layer is also wrapped with a protective layer.
7. The optical device for spot conversion by a graded index optical fiber according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the laser device also comprises a moving device which is connected with the light source and drives the light source to move transversely and longitudinally so as to change the incident position of the laser beam.
8. A method for spot conversion by a graded index fiber using the optical device for spot conversion by a graded index fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
the laser beam emitted by the light source is emitted into the first graded index optical fiber to be refracted for the first time, and the transmission angle and the transmission track of the laser beam are changed;
the laser beams after the first refraction are emitted into the transmission optical waveguide, and the laser beams are transmitted through the transmission optical waveguide to form laser beams which are distributed in a rotational symmetry manner;
the laser beams which are rotationally and symmetrically distributed are injected into the second graded index optical fiber for secondary refraction, and the transmission angle and the transmission track of the laser beams are changed again;
and the laser beam after the second refraction is emitted out of the second graded index fiber to form a light spot with a laser beam waist.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising the steps of:
and driving the moving device to drive the light source to move so as to change the position and the angle of the laser beam which is injected into the first graded-index optical fiber, thereby realizing the change of the light spot of the laser beam waist.
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| CN202210251997.2A CN114700615A (en) | 2022-03-15 | 2022-03-15 | Optical device and method for realizing light spot conversion through graded-index optical fiber |
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| CN202210251997.2A CN114700615A (en) | 2022-03-15 | 2022-03-15 | Optical device and method for realizing light spot conversion through graded-index optical fiber |
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