CN114700047B - Application of red soil mineral and resistant bacterium complex in adsorption of heavy metals - Google Patents

Application of red soil mineral and resistant bacterium complex in adsorption of heavy metals Download PDF

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CN114700047B
CN114700047B CN202210361705.0A CN202210361705A CN114700047B CN 114700047 B CN114700047 B CN 114700047B CN 202210361705 A CN202210361705 A CN 202210361705A CN 114700047 B CN114700047 B CN 114700047B
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mineral
bacteria
complex
adsorption
minerals
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CN114700047A (en
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李雅莹
林庆祺
倪卓彪
王诗忠
顾文杰
杨少海
仇荣亮
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South China Agricultural University
Sun Yat Sen University
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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South China Agricultural University
Sun Yat Sen University
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
    • B01J20/28059—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being less than 100 m2/g
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
    • B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
    • B01J2220/4868—Cells, spores, bacteria
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds

Abstract

The invention discloses an application of a red soil mineral and resistant bacterium complex in adsorption of heavy metals. A mineral and bacteria complex comprises minerals and bacteria, wherein the minerals comprise at least one of iron oxide minerals, aluminosilicate minerals and aluminum hydroxide minerals; the bacteria include at least one of Enterobacter (Enterobacter huaxiensis) and Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) having heavy metal tolerance. According to the invention, the mineral and the bacteria form a complex, the mineral is used for providing a barrier for the bacteria, so that the degree of heavy metal forcing damage to the bacteria is reduced, the bacteria can be adsorbed by using the surfaces of the bacteria, the intracellular enrichment effect can be fully exerted, and the adsorption effect is better compared with the adsorption of the mineral to the heavy metal.

Description

Adsorption application of red soil mineral and resistant bacterium complex to heavy metal
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental management, in particular to an application of a red soil mineral and resistant bacterium complex in adsorption of heavy metals.
Background
The red soil minerals mainly comprise aluminosilicate clay minerals, iron oxide minerals and aluminum hydroxide minerals, and the specific surface area, the surface charge, the particle size and the like of the red soil minerals are obviously different. Isomorphous substitution phenomenon exists among the red soil clay minerals, the surfaces of the red soil clay minerals have negative charges, the particles are small and have rich pores, so that the red soil clay minerals have strong adsorption capacity on heavy metal cations in soil, and in addition, the red soil clay minerals can also remove pollutants such as anions, cations and polar pollutants in the soil through ion exchange, ion dipole interaction, synergistic action and the like. Heavy metal ions can be combined with clay minerals in two ways of obligate adsorption and non-obligate adsorption. The specific adsorption usually forms an inner ring complex at variable charge sites on the surface of the mineral, and the adsorption is strong; non-specific adsorption occurs in the permanent charge potential of the mineral to form an outer ring complex, and the adsorption is weak. However, minerals have a limited specific surface area and a weak heavy metal adsorption effect, and cannot be used for adsorbing heavy metals independently and effectively for a long time.
The bacteria are widely distributed in soil, water and atmosphere, the cell wall surface is rich in active groups such as carboxyl, phosphate, hydroxyl, amido, sulfhydryl and the like, and the bacteria and heavy metals are subjected to bioadsorption, enrichment, degradation and other interactions. However, most of bacteria are stressed by heavy metals and have low activity when being applied to heavy metal pollution treatment alone, so most of bacteria only use the cell wall part of the bacteria to carry out surface adsorption in materials, and cannot fully exert the intracellular enrichment function.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problem of low efficiency of mineral adsorption of heavy metal in the prior art, the invention aims at providing a mineral and bacterium complex, the invention aims at providing a preparation method of the mineral and bacterium complex, the invention aims at providing a heavy metal adsorbent, and the invention aims at providing application of the mineral and bacterium complex in adsorption of heavy metal.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a mineral and bacteria complex, which comprises minerals and bacteria, wherein the minerals comprise at least one of iron oxide minerals, aluminosilicate minerals and aluminum hydroxide minerals; the bacteria include at least one of Enterobacter (Enterobacter huaxiensis EG 16) and Bacillus subtilis DBM.
Preferably, in the complex of mineral and bacteria, the iron oxide mineral comprises at least one of goethite, hematite and ferrihydrite; further preferably, the iron oxide minerals comprise at least one of goethite and ferrihydrite; still more preferably, the iron oxide mineral is goethite. Preferably, in the mineral and bacteria complex, the aluminosilicate mineral comprises at least one of feldspar, mica, kaolin, zeolite and garnet; further preferably, the aluminosilicate mineral comprises at least one of feldspar, mica, kaolin; still more preferably, the aluminosilicate mineral is kaolin.
Preferably, in the mineral and bacteria complex, the aluminum hydroxide mineral includes at least one of boehmite, diaspore and gibbsite; further preferably, the aluminum hydroxide mineral is gibbsite.
Preferably, the specific surface area of the complex of mineral and bacteria is 0.8-12m 2 (iv) g; further preferably, the specific surface area of the mineral-bacteria complex is 5 to 10m 2 (iv) g; still more preferably, the mineral-bacteria complex has a specific surface area of 6.8 to 10m 2 /g。
Preferably, in the mineral and bacteria complex, the mass ratio of the mineral to the bacteria is 1: (0.4-0.75).
Preferably, in the mineral and bacterium complex, the particle size of the mineral is less than or equal to 200 mu m; more preferably, the particle size of the mineral is less than or equal to 180 mu m; still more preferably, the mineral has a particle size of 150 μm or less.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned complex of mineral and bacteria, comprising the steps of: mixing the mineral and the bacterial suspension, reacting, and separating to obtain a solid product, namely the mineral and bacterial complex.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the mineral and bacteria complex, the pH of the bacteria suspension is 4-7; further preferably, the pH of the bacterial suspension is 4-6; still further preferably, the pH of the bacterial suspension is 5.
Preferably, the OD of the bacterial suspension in the preparation method of the mineral and bacterial complex 600 0.5 to 1.5; further preferred, OD of the bacterial suspension 600 0.8 to 1.2; still further preferably, the OD of the bacterial suspension 600 Is 1.0; OD 600 Refers to the absorbance at 600nm of the bacterial suspension.
Preferably, in the method for preparing the mineral-bacteria complex, the bacterial suspension is ultrasonically diffused from bacterial cells into a phosphate buffer solution to make the final OD 600 Is 0.5-1.5.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the mineral and bacteria complex, the mass volume ratio of the mineral to the bacteria suspension is 1g: (60-120) mL; further preferably, the mass to volume ratio of mineral to bacterial suspension is 1g: (80-100) mL.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the mineral and bacteria complex, the reaction temperature is 20-30 ℃; further preferably, the reaction temperature is 22-28 ℃; still more preferably, the reaction temperature is 25 ℃.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the mineral and bacteria complex, the reaction is carried out under the oscillation condition, and the oscillation time is 0.4-4h; further preferably, the oscillation time is 0.5-2h; still more preferably, the oscillation time is 1 hour.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the mineral and bacteria complex, the reaction is carried out in a constant temperature oscillation box, and the oscillation speed is 100-200rpm; further preferably, the oscillation speed is 140-180rpm; still more preferably, the oscillation speed is 160rpm.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the mineral and bacterium complex, centrifugal separation is adopted for separation, and the centrifugal time is 5-15min; further preferably, the centrifugation time is 8-12min; still more preferably, the centrifugation time is 10min.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the mineral and bacteria complex, a centrifuge is adopted for separation, and the rotation speed of the centrifuge is 3000-5000rpm; further preferably, the rotating speed of the centrifugal machine is 3500-4500rpm; still further preferably, the centrifuge rotation speed is 4000rpm.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a heavy metal adsorbent comprising the above mineral and bacteria complex.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides the use of the above-described mineral and bacteria complex and/or the above-described heavy metal adsorbent for adsorbing heavy metals.
Preferably, the mineral and bacteria complex and/or the heavy metal adsorbent is used for adsorbing cadmium, lead, copper and zinc; further preferably, the mineral and bacteria complex and/or the heavy metal adsorbent is used for adsorbing cadmium and lead; still more preferably, the mineral-bacteria complex and/or the heavy metal adsorbent is used for adsorbing cadmium.
The fifth aspect of the invention provides a method for adsorbing heavy metals in wastewater, which comprises the following steps: mixing the mineral and bacteria complex and/or the heavy metal adsorbent with the heavy metal wastewater, and reacting to remove heavy metals in the wastewater.
Preferably, in the method for adsorbing heavy metals in wastewater, the concentration of heavy metals in the heavy metal wastewater is 10-100mg/L; further preferably, the heavy metal concentration of the heavy metal wastewater is 15-50mg/L; still further preferably, the heavy metal concentration of the heavy metal wastewater is 20-30mg/L; more preferably, the heavy metal concentration of the heavy metal wastewater is 23-25mg/L.
Preferably, in the method for adsorbing heavy metals in wastewater, the pH value during reaction is 4.0-7.0; further preferably, the pH at the time of the reaction is 6.0 to 7.0.
Preferably, in the method for adsorbing heavy metals in wastewater, the mass ratio of the mineral-bacteria complex to the heavy metals in the heavy metal wastewater is 1: (0.01-0.015); further preferably, the mass ratio of the mineral-bacteria complex to the heavy metal in the heavy metal wastewater is 1: (0.011-0.013); still further preferably, the mass ratio of the mineral-bacteria complex to the heavy metal in the heavy metal wastewater is 1:0.012.
the beneficial effects of the invention are:
according to the invention, the red soil mineral and the heavy metal tolerant bacteria are utilized to form a complex, the mineral is utilized to provide a barrier for the bacteria, so that the degree of heavy metal forcing of the bacteria is reduced, after the complex is formed, under the stress of high-concentration heavy metal, the resisting mechanism of enterobacter EG16 and bacillus DBM is still a low-stress heavy metal response mechanism, and the formation of the complex provides a protective barrier for the bacteria, so that the bacteria can have the potential of performing biological functions; in the process of adsorbing heavy metals, the surfaces of minerals and bacteria are utilized for adsorption, and meanwhile, the effects of intracellular enrichment and passivation of the bacteria can be exerted; compared with the adsorption of common minerals on heavy metals, the adsorption effect is better.
In particular, the red soil mineral with small particles and large specific surface area is selected as the basic material of the complex, and compared with other minerals, the red soil mineral has more specific surface area and pores for microorganism attachment and heavy metal adsorption.
Specifically, two strains of multi-metal tolerant bacteria are respectively selected as basic materials of the complex, wherein Enterobacter Enterobacter huaxiaensis EG16 can tolerate 250mg/L cadmium metal stress and higher-level copper, lead and zinc stress, can secrete iron carriers to chelate heavy metals in vitro, can combine sulfur proteins in vivo with the heavy metals to passivate the heavy metals, and can secrete plant growth promoting substances during adsorption, wherein the main mechanism of adsorption of the heavy metals is in vivo enrichment and passivation; the Bacillus subtilis DBM can tolerate 50mg/L copper, 250mg/L lead and higher-level cadmium zinc stress, the DBM can release a large amount of extracellular polymer chelated heavy metal under the stress environment, the main mechanism of heavy metal adsorption is surface and EPS (extracellular polymer) adsorption, and plant growth promoting substances can be secreted at the same time of adsorption, so that the two materials have higher adsorption activity compared with other materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the XRD pattern of goethite in the examples.
FIG. 2 is the XRD pattern of kaolin clay in the examples.
FIG. 3 is the XRD pattern of gibbsite in the examples.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the growth of Enterobacter EG16 under different cadmium stresses.
FIG. 5 is an electron micrograph of Enterobacter EG16 under a cadmium environment of 100 mg/L.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the growth of Bacillus subtilis DBM under copper stress.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing growth of Bacillus subtilis DBM under lead stress.
FIG. 8 is a scanning electron micrograph of Bacillus subtilis DBM.
FIG. 9 is a Zeta potential diagram of mineral and Enterobacter EG16 complexes at different pH.
FIG. 10 is a Zeta potential diagram of the complex of mineral and Bacillus subtilis DBM at different pH.
FIG. 11 is a graph of the adsorption amount of cadmium to three minerals at different pH values.
FIG. 12 is a graph of the amount of cadmium adsorbed by a mineral in combination with Enterobacter EG16 complex at various pHs.
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the adsorption amount of cadmium to a complex of a mineral and Bacillus subtilis DBM at different pH values.
FIG. 14 is a Langmuir model of cadmium adsorption by mineral and Enterobacter EG16 complexes.
FIG. 15 is a Langmuir model diagram of cadmium adsorption of a complex of a mineral and Bacillus subtilis DBM.
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing the binding pattern and ratio of minerals, mineral-bacteria complex and Cd (II).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The starting materials, reagents or equipment used in the examples are, unless otherwise specified, either conventionally commercially available or may be obtained by methods known in the art. Unless otherwise indicated, the testing or testing methods are conventional in the art.
Bacterial culture and collection of cells
Before the experiment, the bacteria activated for 16 hours were inoculated into a beef extract-peptone medium (beef extract 5.0g, peptone 10.0g, naCl5.0g, water 1L, pH 7.2), cultured with shaking at 30 ℃ and 150rpm for 24 hours to stationary phase, centrifuged at 4000rpm for 10 minutes to collect the cells, washed three times with high-purity water to remove the residual medium, and resuspended in phosphate buffer to obtain OD 600 Bacterial suspension with value 1.0.
Mineral preparation
Goethite, kaolinite, and gibbsite were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All minerals used in the experiment were screened through a 100 mesh screen (particle size <150 microns) for future use. The mineral powder is sent to a testing center of Zhongshan university for X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, an XRD spectrum of goethite is shown in figure 1, an XRD spectrum of kaolin is shown in figure 2, and an XRD spectrum of gibbsite is shown in figure 3, and the standard characteristic diffraction peaks of corresponding minerals in a JCPDS database are compared through Jade 6.0 software, so that the coincidence is better, and the purity of the three minerals is higher.
Bacterial information
Enterobacter Enterobacter huaxiensis EG16 is disclosed in the prior document "Survival strains of the Plant-Associated Bacterium Enterobacter sp.Strain EG16 under Cadmium Stress" (Doi: 10.1128/AEM.03689-15), the Enterobacter EG16 can tolerate 250mg/L Cd, the Bacterium morphology is oval sphere, FIG. 4 is the growth curve of the Enterobacter EG16 under different Cadmium stresses, and FIG. 5 is the electron micrograph of the Enterobacter EG16 under 100mg/L Cadmium Stress.
The Bacillus subtilis DBM is used for screening the Yangshaoguan multi-metal polluted farmland soil, the strain is named as Bacillus subtilis DBM and is classified and named as Bacillus subtilis, the strain is preserved in Guangdong province microbial strain preservation center of No. 59 building and No. 5 building of Mieli Zhonglu No. 100 college in Guangzhou city in 12 and 21 days 2021, and the preservation number is GDMCC NO:62155. the bacillus subtilis DBM can tolerate 50mg/L Cu and 250mg/L Pb, the bacterial form is short rod-shaped, a growth curve of the bacillus subtilis DBM under copper stress is shown in figure 6, a growth curve of the bacillus subtilis DBM under lead stress is shown in figure 7, and a scanning electron microscope image of the bacillus subtilis DBM is shown in figure 8.
Example 1
Preparation of the composite
At pH 5, 10mM KNO 3 And at 25 ℃ configuring the OD 600 =1 bacterial suspension, adding certain amount of bacterial suspension and mineral into 50ml centrifuge tube, controlling total volume to be 15ml, the specific adding amount of bacterial suspension and mineral in each complex is shown in table 1. After loading, the sample is placed in a constant temperature shaking box and shaken at 160rpm for 1 hour to obtain the bacterial-mineral complex suspension. And centrifuging the suspension in a centrifuge at 4000rpm for 10 minutes, and collecting precipitates to obtain the prepared complex.
TABLE 1 amount of minerals and bacteria added to the complex
Figure BDA0003585551000000051
The specific surface area after the formation of the composite is shown in Table 2. The specific surface area of a complex formed by goethite and bacteria is the highest, and the specific surface area is the second order of kaolinite.
TABLE 2 specific surface area of the composite
Figure BDA0003585551000000061
The Zeta potentials of the complexes at different pH's are shown in FIGS. 9-10, and the optimal adsorption pH is between 6 and 7, since the Zeta potential of the complex decreases with increasing pH.
Adsorption of cadmium by complex
Comparing the adsorption of goethite, kaolinite, gibbsite and two bacteria to cadmium, wherein the complex is provided with a concentration system of 2g/L, the mineral is provided with a concentration system of 6.6g/L, and 24mg/L cadmium solution is correspondingly treated respectively. The influence of different pH values on the cadmium adsorption of the complex is researched, fig. 11 shows the cadmium adsorption amount of three minerals under different pH values, fig. 12 shows the cadmium adsorption amount of the complex of the minerals and EG16 under different pH values, fig. 13 shows the cadmium adsorption amount of the complex of the minerals and DBM under different pH values, the mineral adsorption amount of a single mineral system is basically different from 0.05 mg/g to 0.15mg/g, and the maximum value of the mineral adsorption amount can reach 0.45mg/g when the pH value is 7. And the maximum adsorption capacity of a complex formed by EG16 and DBM can reach 4.05mg/g and 3.57mg/g in a pH7 system.
The resistant bacteria and mineral complex adsorbed more cadmium at pH 5.0 compared to concentrations of 0.1mM and 1mM cadmium compared to the mineral itself, as shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 comparison of the adsorption of heavy metal Cd (II) by the complex at 0.1mM and 1mM cadmium concentrations
Figure BDA0003585551000000062
The mineral-EG 16 complex adsorption complex Langmuir model is shown in fig. 14, the mineral-DBM complex adsorption complex Langmuir model is shown in fig. 15, and fig. 14-15 illustrate that chemisorption is the rate-limiting step.
According to the infrared spectrum, the statistics of the functional groups of the minerals and the complexes thereof participating in cadmium adsorption are carried out, and as shown in the following table 4, the peaks obvious in the complexes before and after adsorption are moving peaks. The functional groups participating in adsorption can be obtained with reference to the functional groups of the corresponding bacteria and minerals. Unlabeled peaks are unchanged or absent, indicating that they do not participate in adsorption. The adsorption modes of different minerals and the complex of the minerals and bacteria are shown in the attached figure 16, wherein Fe in the abscissa of the figure represents goethite, G represents kaolin, al represents gibbsite, fe-EG16 represents goethite-EG 16, G-EG16 represents kaolin-EG 16, al-EG16 represents gibbsite-EG 16, fe-DBM represents goethite-DBM, G-DBM represents kaolin-DBM, al-DBM represents gibbsite-DBM, nearly 1/3 of the complex of the minerals and the bacteria adsorbs Cd in a physical mode, nearly 1/3 of the complex adsorbs the Cd in an ion exchange mode, and the rest of the complex adsorbs the Cd mainly in an intracellular enrichment mode and a isomorphous replacement mode.
TABLE 4 functional groups of minerals and their complexes participating in Cd (II) adsorption
Figure BDA0003585551000000071
Figure BDA0003585551000000081
The surface functional groups participating in adsorption of the complex in the table 4 can be obtained, and because the surface functional groups of the mineral components are single in type, in the process of adsorbing Cd (II) by the mineral and bacteria complex, more functional groups participating in Cd (II) adsorption of the bacteria components are obtained, wherein the functional groups comprise carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl and phosphate groups. Indicating that the contribution of the bacterial component is greater in the chemical complexation. Different from single mineral, no hydrogen bond is formed on the surfaces of goethite and bacteria complex and kaolinite and bacteria complex, and H is observed before and after the gibbsite and bacteria complex adsorbs Cd (II) 2 Fluctuation of O molecules indicates the existence of hydrogen bond effect.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The mineral and bacterium complex is characterized by comprising minerals and bacteria, wherein the minerals are goethite; the bacteria is Enterobacter (Enterobacter huaxiensis); the mass ratio of the minerals to the bacteria is 1: (0.4-0.75);
the mineral and bacteria complex is prepared by a preparation method comprising the following steps of:
mixing the mineral and the bacterial suspension, reacting, and separating to obtain a solid product, namely the mineral and bacterial complex;
OD of the bacterial suspension 600 Is 0.5-1.5.
2.The mineral-bacteria complex of claim 1, wherein the specific surface area of the mineral-bacteria complex is 0.8 to 12m 2 /g。
3. The mineral and bacteria complex according to claim 1, wherein the mineral has a particle size of 200 μm or less.
4. A method of producing the mineral and bacteria complex of any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of: mixing the mineral and the bacterial suspension, reacting, and separating to obtain a solid product, namely the mineral and bacterial complex;
OD of the bacterial suspension 600 Is 0.5-1.5.
5. A heavy metal adsorbent comprising the mineral-bacteria complex of any one of claims 1 to 3.
6. Use of the mineral and bacteria complex of any one of claims 1 to 3 and/or the heavy metal adsorbent of claim 5 for adsorbing heavy metals.
7. The method for adsorbing the heavy metals in the wastewater is characterized by comprising the following steps of: mixing the mineral and bacterium complex according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and/or the heavy metal adsorbent according to claim 5 with heavy metal wastewater, and reacting to remove heavy metals in the wastewater.
8. The method for adsorbing heavy metals in wastewater according to claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of the mineral-bacteria complex to the heavy metals in the heavy metal wastewater is 1: (0.01-0.015).
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