CN114697246A - Virtual machine test environment construction method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及列车信号系统试验平台搭建技术领域，具体的，涉及一种虚拟机测试环境搭建方法。The invention relates to the technical field of building a train signal system test platform, in particular to a method for building a virtual machine test environment.
背景技术Background technique
信号系统测试环境是针对其对象为基于通信的列车自动控制系统，也是对其各子系统——车载控制器CC(包括车载ATP(列车超速防护系统)和车载ATO(列车自动运行(驾驶)系统))、区域控制器ZC、联锁系统CBI、列车自动监控系统ATS及各子系统间的数据通信系统DCS的测试环境。现有实验室测试环境，通常是采用物理网线连接、由三层交换机通过路由访问不同网段的信号设备(CC(车载信号系统),ZC(区域控制中心),CBI(联锁系统),ATS(列车自动监控系统))、二层交换机访问同网段的设备(子系统内部的设备)实现设备的数据通信，从而使得信号系统下各子系统ATC(列车自动控制系统)、ATP(列车自动防护子系统)、ATS(列车自动监控系统)所有设备能进行数据互通、数据处理。The signal system test environment is aimed at the communication-based train automatic control system, as well as its various subsystems - the on-board controller CC (including on-board ATP (train overspeed protection system) and on-board ATO (train automatic operation (driving) system) )), the zone controller ZC, the interlocking system CBI, the automatic train monitoring system ATS and the test environment of the data communication system DCS between the subsystems. The existing laboratory test environment is usually connected by physical network cables, and the signal equipment (CC (vehicle signal system), ZC (regional control center), CBI (interlocking system), ATS) of different network segments is accessed by routing through the three-layer switch. (Automatic Train Monitoring System)), Layer 2 switches access the equipment on the same network segment (equipment inside the subsystem) to realize data communication of the equipment, so that each subsystem under the signal system ATC (Automatic Train Control System), ATP (Automatic Train Control System) Protection subsystem), ATS (automatic train monitoring system) all equipment can carry out data exchange and data processing.
现有的实验室真实物理设备环境的缺陷是需要大量的各子系统真实物理设备、设备之间的物理通信需要大量网线与交换机；其运维成本过高。实验室真实物理设备环境除硬件成本较高外，设备还存在占用实验室空间大、线缆网线多、耗电量大、人力成本高等问题，导致其运维成本大幅提升。其次，可管理性低。实验室真实物理设备环境的硬件设备数量众多，难以进行有效管理，而且设备和应用的部署繁重，也增加了更换项目系统和应用的难度。再则，设备资源利用率低。在建设实验室环境的过程中，通常会考虑到多个项目的测试需求，包括未来业务发展及突发需求，因此在选择设备内存及存储、网络等硬件设备时会留有一定比例的余量，以满足其性能和容量承载需求。但实际的情况，硬件资源上线后，系统在一定时间内的负载并不太大，使较高配置的硬件资源浪费严重。The defect of the existing laboratory real physical equipment environment is that it requires a large number of real physical equipment of each subsystem, and the physical communication between the equipment requires a large number of network cables and switches; its operation and maintenance cost is too high. In addition to the high cost of hardware in the real physical equipment environment of the laboratory, the equipment also has problems such as occupying a large laboratory space, many cables and network cables, high power consumption, and high labor costs, resulting in a substantial increase in its operation and maintenance costs. Second, manageability is low. The number of hardware devices in the real physical equipment environment of the laboratory is large, which is difficult to manage effectively, and the deployment of equipment and applications is heavy, which also increases the difficulty of replacing project systems and applications. Furthermore, the utilization rate of equipment resources is low. In the process of building a laboratory environment, the testing needs of multiple projects, including future business development and unexpected needs, are usually considered. Therefore, a certain percentage of margin will be reserved when selecting hardware equipment such as device memory, storage, and network. , to meet its performance and capacity carrying requirements. However, in reality, after the hardware resources go online, the system load is not too large for a certain period of time, causing serious waste of hardware resources with higher configuration.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的是提出一种虚拟机测试环境搭建方法，在VMware Workstation虚拟环境下搭建单机分布式DCS网络实验室测试环境，无需使用真实物理设备与交换机网线等，用虚拟机代替真实交换机，实现交换与路由功能，解决设备间的通信问题；信号系统下各子系统相关设备也用虚拟机代替，通过虚拟的三层交换机实现它们之间数据互通、数据处理。The purpose of the present invention is to propose a method for constructing a virtual machine test environment, to build a stand-alone distributed DCS network laboratory test environment in the VMware Workstation virtual environment, without using real physical equipment and switch network cables, etc., and using virtual machines instead of real switches to realize The switching and routing functions solve the communication problem between devices; the related devices of each subsystem under the signal system are also replaced by virtual machines, and the data exchange and data processing between them are realized through the virtual three-layer switch.
为实现上述技术目的，本发明提供的一种技术方案是，In order to realize the above-mentioned technical purpose, a kind of technical scheme provided by the present invention is,
一种虚拟机测试环境搭建方法，包括如下步骤：A method for building a virtual machine test environment, comprising the following steps:
通过虚拟机工具创建虚拟机A、虚拟机B、虚拟机C、虚拟机D以及虚拟机E；Create virtual machine A, virtual machine B, virtual machine C, virtual machine D, and virtual machine E through virtual machine tools;
虚拟机E通过虚拟机工具设置若干广播域；The virtual machine E sets several broadcast domains through the virtual machine tool;
所述虚拟机A、虚拟机B、虚拟机C、虚拟机D分别与虚拟机E在对应的广播域内进行信息传输。The virtual machine A, the virtual machine B, the virtual machine C, and the virtual machine D respectively perform information transmission with the virtual machine E in the corresponding broadcast domain.
本方案中，虚拟机E替代三层真实交换机，作为路由作用。解决购置与安装三层交换机、网线连接混乱、占用实验室场地空间大等经济与维护成本问题。通过VMwareWorkstation 虚拟机软件工具软件网络编辑器中配置信号系统里的多个不同网段的网络地址；新建一台虚拟机E，虚拟机E的各网卡设置为对应网段(广播域)的主机模式；虚拟机的网卡IP设置为三层交换机上的设置，即各eth0、eth1等虚拟网卡相当于交换机VLAN，设置为交换机上网关设置。另外四台虚拟机A/B/C/D替代真实信号硬件设备。在虚拟机上可灵活配置设备的内存及存储、网络等性能，解决设备资源利用率低问题，同时也解决购置与安装多台主机设备、网线连接混乱、占用实验室场地、运维成本过高等问题；实现方式：新建四台虚拟机：虚拟机实现ATS/CBI/SIM仿真功能；虚拟机B实现CC/WB/tod仿真功能；虚拟机C实现ZC仿真功能；虚拟机D实现FTM仿真功能。虚拟机的各网卡设置为对应网段的主机模式，按照信号各子系统的IP规划设置虚拟机里面的网卡与路由，通过虚拟机E实现虚拟机A\B\C\D之间的相互通信。In this solution, the virtual machine E replaces the real Layer 3 switch and functions as a route. Solve the problems of economic and maintenance costs such as purchasing and installing three-layer switches, confusing network cable connections, and occupying a large space in the laboratory. Configure the network addresses of multiple different network segments in the signal system through the VMwareWorkstation virtual machine software tool software network editor; create a new virtual machine E, and set each network card of virtual machine E to the host mode of the corresponding network segment (broadcast domain). ; The NIC IP of the virtual machine is set to the settings on the Layer 3 switch, that is, each virtual NIC such as eth0 and eth1 is equivalent to the switch VLAN, and is set to the gateway setting on the switch. The other four virtual machines A/B/C/D replace the real signal hardware devices. On the virtual machine, the memory, storage, network and other performance of the device can be flexibly configured to solve the problem of low utilization of equipment resources, and also solve the problem of purchasing and installing multiple host devices, confusing network cable connections, occupying laboratory space, and high operation and maintenance costs. Problem; Implementation method: Create four new virtual machines: virtual machine implements ATS/CBI/SIM simulation function; virtual machine B implements CC/WB/tod simulation function; virtual machine C implements ZC simulation function; virtual machine D implements FTM simulation function. Each network card of the virtual machine is set to the host mode of the corresponding network segment, the network card and routing in the virtual machine are set according to the IP planning of each subsystem of the signal, and the mutual communication between the virtual machines A\B\C\D is realized through the virtual machine E. .
作为优选，所述虚拟机E用于个广播域内数据交换，所述虚拟机E通过虚拟机编辑器配置不同虚拟网卡信息，虚拟网卡作为交换机的VLAN口。Preferably, the virtual machine E is used for data exchange within each broadcast domain, and the virtual machine E configures information of different virtual network cards through a virtual machine editor, and the virtual network card is used as a VLAN port of the switch.
作为优选，广播域包括有广播域a、广播域b、广播域c和广播域d，所述虚拟机A的信息在广播域a内进行传播，所述虚拟机B的信息在广播域b内进行传播，所述虚拟机C的信息在广播域c内进行传播，所述虚拟机D的信息在广播域d内进行传播。Preferably, the broadcast domain includes a broadcast domain a, a broadcast domain b, a broadcast domain c, and a broadcast domain d, the information of the virtual machine A is broadcast in the broadcast domain a, and the information of the virtual machine B is in the broadcast domain b. To propagate, the information of the virtual machine C is propagated in the broadcast domain c, and the information of the virtual machine D is propagated in the broadcast domain d.
作为优选，所述虚拟网卡包括有eth0网口、eth1网口、eth2网口以及eth3网口；所述虚拟机A与eth0网口通信连接，所述虚拟机B与eth1网口通信连接，所述虚拟机C与eth2网口通信连接，所述虚拟机D与eth3网口通信连接。Preferably, the virtual network card includes an eth0 network port, an eth1 network port, an eth2 network port and an eth3 network port; the virtual machine A is communicatively connected to the eth0 network port, and the virtual machine B is communicatively connected to the eth1 network port, so The virtual machine C is communicatively connected to the eth2 network port, and the virtual machine D is communicatively connected to the eth3 network port.
作为优选，所述虚拟机A搭建有ATS/CBI/SIM仿真机环境，所述虚拟机B搭建有 CC/WB/tod仿真机环境，所述虚拟机C搭建有ZC仿真机环境，所述虚拟机D搭建有FTM 仿真机环境；所述虚拟机E的VLAN口随机分配各仿真机的子网地址。Preferably, the virtual machine A is built with an ATS/CBI/SIM simulator environment, the virtual machine B is built with a CC/WB/tod simulator environment, the virtual machine C is built with a ZC simulator environment, and the virtual machine C is built with a ZC simulator environment. Machine D is built with an FTM emulator environment; the VLAN port of the virtual machine E is randomly assigned the subnet address of each emulator.
作为优选，虚拟机A上配置ATS-IP、CBI-IP和FTM-IP，通过配置路由与CC仿真机、ZC仿真机进行通信；虚拟机B上配置车载IP、ZC网段IP以及SIM-IP；通过配置路由与ZC 仿真机、CBI仿真机进行通信；虚拟机C上配置ZC-IP；通过配置路由与CC仿真机、CBI 仿真机进行通信；虚拟机D上配置FTM-IP、ZC网段IP，通过配置路由与ZC仿真机进行通信。As a preference, virtual machine A is configured with ATS-IP, CBI-IP and FTM-IP, and communicates with CC emulator and ZC emulator by configuring routing; virtual machine B is configured with vehicle IP, ZC network segment IP and SIM-IP ;Communicate with ZC simulator and CBI simulator by configuring routes; configure ZC-IP on virtual machine C; communicate with CC simulator and CBI simulator by configuring routes; configure FTM-IP and ZC network segments on virtual machine D IP, communicate with the ZC emulator by configuring the route.
本发明的有益效果：用VMware Workstation虚拟机替代真实交换机与信号设备与实验室实现云化，跟真实设备搭建而成的测试环境比较，其效果是同等的。可实现的有且不仅以下的测试功能有信号子系统的接口调试、测试；数据通信系统DCS及子系统网络的网络调试、测试；运营场景(套上时刻表各种驾驶模式的列车运营)的测试，具体网络测试类、双机热备类、接口类、报表类等。其社会效益的效果是很显著的，概括为以下几点：Beneficial effects of the present invention: the VMware Workstation virtual machine is used to replace the real switch, the signal device and the laboratory to realize cloudification, and compared with the test environment built by the real device, the effect is the same. The test functions that can be realized are not only the following test functions: interface debugging and testing of signal subsystems; network debugging and testing of data communication system DCS and subsystem networks; operation scenarios (train operation with various driving modes on timetables) Test, specific network test class, dual-machine hot backup class, interface class, report class, etc. The effect of its social benefits is very significant, which can be summarized as follows:
1、节约成本：1. Cost saving:
节约了下设备成本：原2个三层交换机、多台终端设备，现可以用1个真机实现同等功能；无需占用太多实验室空间，无需地下布线等工程；无需真实的网卡与网线；多项目便捷使用：项目只需配置自己的IP脚本，开机执行启动脚本升级软件即可替换项目成功；不受环境地点约束，各部门或者个体都可以搭建与使用；Save the cost of equipment: the original two three-layer switches and multiple terminal devices can now use one real machine to achieve the same function; no need to occupy too much laboratory space, no need for underground wiring and other projects; no real network card and network cable; Multi-project is convenient to use: the project only needs to configure its own IP script, start the startup script and upgrade the software to replace the project successfully; regardless of the environment and location, all departments or individuals can build and use it;
2、提高了管理性：2. Improved management:
资源动态调配：由于该系统采用的VMware云计算技术，能够对资源进行动态调配(如可在典型资源配置的基础上动态增加CPU、内存、磁盘空间及网络等资源的分配)，并提高各服务器的平均利用率；设备环境管理便捷高效：除硬件设备简单，方便进行有效管理，还减少了用房、耗电、空调和人力等隐性成本及管理。Dynamic resource allocation: Due to the VMware cloud computing technology adopted by the system, resources can be dynamically allocated (for example, the allocation of resources such as CPU, memory, disk space, and network can be dynamically increased on the basis of typical resource allocation), and each server can be improved. The average utilization rate of the equipment is convenient and efficient: In addition to the simple hardware equipment, which is convenient for effective management, it also reduces the hidden costs and management of room, power consumption, air conditioning and manpower.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案以及优点更加清楚明白，下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明，应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅是本发明的一种最佳实施例，仅用以解释本发明，并不限定本发明的保护范围，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific implementation described herein is only a best embodiment of the present invention. It is only used to explain the present invention and does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例：一种虚拟机测试环境搭建方法，包括如下步骤：Embodiment: A method for building a virtual machine test environment, comprising the following steps:
通过虚拟机工具创建虚拟机A、虚拟机B、虚拟机C、虚拟机D以及虚拟机E；Create virtual machine A, virtual machine B, virtual machine C, virtual machine D, and virtual machine E through virtual machine tools;
虚拟机E通过虚拟机工具设置若干广播域；The virtual machine E sets several broadcast domains through the virtual machine tool;
所述虚拟机A、虚拟机B、虚拟机C、虚拟机D分别与虚拟机E在对应的广播域内进行信息传输。The virtual machine A, the virtual machine B, the virtual machine C, and the virtual machine D respectively perform information transmission with the virtual machine E in the corresponding broadcast domain.
本实施例中，虚拟机E替代三层真实交换机，作为路由作用。解决购置与安装三层交换机、网线连接混乱、占用实验室场地空间大等经济与维护成本问题。通过VMwareWorkstation虚拟机软件工具软件网络编辑器中配置信号系统里的多个不同网段的网络地址；新建一台虚拟机E，虚拟机E的各网卡设置为对应网段(广播域)的主机模式；虚拟机的网卡IP设置为三层交换机上的设置，即各eth0、eth1等虚拟网卡相当于交换机VLAN，设置为交换机上网关设置。另外四台虚拟机A/B/C/D替代真实信号硬件设备。在虚拟机上可灵活配置设备的内存及存储、网络等性能，解决设备资源利用率低问题，同时也解决购置与安装多台主机设备、网线连接混乱、占用实验室场地、运维成本过高等问题；实现方式：新建四台虚拟机：虚拟机实现ATS/CBI/SIM仿真功能；虚拟机B实现CC/WB/tod仿真功能；虚拟机C 实现ZC仿真功能；虚拟机D实现FTM仿真功能。虚拟机的各网卡设置为对应网段的主机模式，按照信号各子系统的IP规划设置虚拟机里面的网卡与路由，通过虚拟机E实现虚拟机 A\B\C\D之间的相互通信。In this embodiment, the virtual machine E replaces the real Layer 3 switch and functions as a route. Solve the problems of economic and maintenance costs such as purchasing and installing three-layer switches, confusing network cable connections, and occupying a large space in the laboratory. Configure the network addresses of multiple different network segments in the signal system through the VMwareWorkstation virtual machine software tool software network editor; create a new virtual machine E, and set each network card of the virtual machine E to the host mode of the corresponding network segment (broadcast domain). ; The NIC IP of the virtual machine is set to the settings on the Layer 3 switch, that is, each virtual NIC such as eth0 and eth1 is equivalent to the switch VLAN, and is set to the gateway setting on the switch. The other four virtual machines A/B/C/D replace the real signal hardware devices. On the virtual machine, the memory, storage, network and other performance of the device can be flexibly configured to solve the problem of low utilization of equipment resources, and also solve the problem of purchasing and installing multiple host devices, confusing network cable connections, occupying laboratory space, and high operation and maintenance costs. Problem; Implementation method: Create four new virtual machines: virtual machine implements ATS/CBI/SIM simulation function; virtual machine B implements CC/WB/tod simulation function; virtual machine C implements ZC simulation function; virtual machine D implements FTM simulation function. Each network card of the virtual machine is set to the host mode of the corresponding network segment, the network card and routing in the virtual machine are set according to the IP planning of each subsystem of the signal, and the mutual communication between the virtual machines A\B\C\D is realized through the virtual machine E. .
虚拟机E用于个广播域内数据交换，所述虚拟机E通过虚拟机编辑器配置不同虚拟网卡信息，虚拟网卡作为交换机的VLAN口。The virtual machine E is used for data exchange within a broadcast domain, and the virtual machine E configures information of different virtual network cards through a virtual machine editor, and the virtual network cards are used as VLAN ports of the switch.
广播域包括有广播域a、广播域b、广播域c和广播域d，所述虚拟机A的信息在广播域a内进行传播，所述虚拟机B的信息在广播域b内进行传播，所述虚拟机C的信息在广播域c内进行传播，所述虚拟机D的信息在广播域d内进行传播。The broadcast domain includes a broadcast domain a, a broadcast domain b, a broadcast domain c, and a broadcast domain d. The information of the virtual machine A is propagated in the broadcast domain a, and the information of the virtual machine B is propagated in the broadcast domain b. The information of the virtual machine C is broadcast in the broadcast domain c, and the information of the virtual machine D is broadcast in the broadcast domain d.
虚拟网卡包括有eth0网口、eth1网口、eth2网口以及eth3网口；所述虚拟机A与eth0 网口通信连接，所述虚拟机B与eth1网口通信连接，所述虚拟机C与eth2网口通信连接，所述虚拟机D与eth3网口通信连接。The virtual network card includes an eth0 network port, an eth1 network port, an eth2 network port and an eth3 network port; the virtual machine A is communicatively connected to the eth0 network port, the virtual machine B is communicatively connected to the eth1 network port, and the virtual machine C is connected to the eth1 network port. The eth2 network port is communicated and connected, and the virtual machine D is communicated with the eth3 network port.
虚拟机A搭建有ATS/CBI/SIM仿真机环境，所述虚拟机B搭建有CC/WB/tod仿真机环境，所述虚拟机C搭建有ZC仿真机环境，所述虚拟机D搭建有FTM仿真机环境；所述虚拟机E的VLAN口随机分配各仿真机的子网地址。Virtual machine A is built with ATS/CBI/SIM simulator environment, virtual machine B is built with CC/WB/tod simulator environment, virtual machine C is built with ZC simulator environment, and virtual machine D is built with FTM The simulation machine environment; the VLAN port of the virtual machine E is randomly assigned the subnet address of each simulation machine.
具体的，VMware Workstaion虚拟机中搭建一个虚拟机E充当三层交换机；在VMware 配置多个不同的网段：在VMware Workstaion虚拟机中打开虚拟机编辑器，添加网络为仅主机模式，将主机虚拟适配器连接到此网络选项勾上，设置子网地址为各不同网段的信号子系统设备的网络地址，即VMnet1的子网地址设置为ATS/CBI/SIM仿真的网络地址10.2.0.0； VMnet2的子网地址设置为ZC仿真的网络地址10.0.6.0；VMnet8的子网地址设置为CBI/仿真的网络地址10.0.8.0；VMnet11的子网地址设置为ATS仿真的网络地址10.0.4.0；VMnet12的子网地址设置为SIM仿真的网络地址192.168.200.0。Specifically, build a virtual machine E in the VMware Workstaion virtual machine to act as a Layer 3 switch; configure multiple different network segments in VMware: Open the virtual machine editor in the VMware Workstaion virtual machine, add the network as the host-only mode, and virtualize the host The adapter is connected to this network option, and the subnet address is set to the network address of the signal subsystem devices of different network segments, that is, the subnet address of VMnet1 is set to the network address 10.2.0.0 of ATS/CBI/SIM emulation; The subnet address is set to the network address of ZC emulation 10.0.6.0; the subnet address of VMnet8 is set to the network address of CBI/simulation 10.0.8.0; the subnet address of VMnet11 is set to the network address of ATS emulation 10.0.4.0; The network address is set to the SIM emulated network address 192.168.200.0.
虚拟机A上配置ATS-IP、CBI-IP和FTM-IP，通过配置路由与CC仿真机、ZC仿真机进行通信；虚拟机B上配置车载IP、ZC网段IP以及SIM-IP；通过配置路由与ZC仿真机、 CBI仿真机进行通信；虚拟机C上配置ZC-IP；通过配置路由与CC仿真机、CBI仿真机进行通信；虚拟机D上配置FTM-IP、ZC网段IP，通过配置路由与ZC仿真机进行通信。Configure ATS-IP, CBI-IP and FTM-IP on virtual machine A, and communicate with CC emulator and ZC emulator through configuration routing; configure vehicle IP, ZC network segment IP and SIM-IP on virtual machine B; configure The router communicates with the ZC simulator and the CBI simulator; the ZC-IP is configured on the virtual machine C; the router is configured to communicate with the CC simulator and the CBI simulator; the FTM-IP and the ZC network segment IP are configured on the virtual machine D, and the Configure routing to communicate with the ZC emulator.
以上所述之具体实施方式为本发明一种虚拟机测试环境搭建方法的较佳实施方式，并非以此限定本发明的具体实施范围，本发明的范围包括并不限于本具体实施方式，凡依照本发明之形状、结构所作的等效变化均在本发明的保护范围内。The specific embodiment described above is a preferred embodiment of a method for building a virtual machine test environment according to the present invention, and is not intended to limit the specific implementation scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention includes but is not limited to the specific implementation manner. Equivalent changes made to the shape and structure of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
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