CN114696654A - Built-in drive magnetic circuit and giant magnetostrictive electroacoustic transducer - Google Patents

Built-in drive magnetic circuit and giant magnetostrictive electroacoustic transducer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114696654A
CN114696654A CN202210329491.9A CN202210329491A CN114696654A CN 114696654 A CN114696654 A CN 114696654A CN 202210329491 A CN202210329491 A CN 202210329491A CN 114696654 A CN114696654 A CN 114696654A
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China
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
giant magnetostrictive
built
magnetic circuit
magnetostrictive rod
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CN202210329491.9A
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CN114696654B (en
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蓝宇
李德鹏
周天放
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Harbin Engineering University
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02NELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/02Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners ; Linear motors
    • H02N2/04Constructional details
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02NELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/02Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners ; Linear motors
    • H02N2/06Drive circuits; Control arrangements or methods
    • H02N2/062Small signal circuits; Means for controlling position or derived quantities, e.g. for removing hysteresis
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/30Assessment of water resources

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  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of underwater acoustic transducers, in particular to a built-in driving magnetic circuit and a giant magnetostrictive acoustic transducer; wherein, the built-in driving magnetic circuit comprises at least two giant magnetostrictive rods; the permanent magnet ring is sleeved on the giant magnetostrictive rod; the coil is arranged on two sides of the permanent magnet ring; the permanent magnet sheet is arranged on one side of the framework, which is far away from the permanent magnet ring, and the cross sectional area of the permanent magnet sheet is larger than that of the giant magnetostrictive rod; and the magnetic conduction piece is arranged on one side of the permanent magnet sheet. The cross sectional area of the permanent magnet sheets with the same type and the same remanence on the two axial sides of the giant magnetostrictive rod is increased, so that the giant magnetostrictive rod is in a more uniform magnetic field range, the magnetic field intensity at the two ends of the giant magnetostrictive rod is effectively reduced, and the magnetic field intensity in the middle of the giant magnetostrictive rod is increased. Meanwhile, the volume of the permanent magnetic ring is small, and the overall dynamic driving magnetic field cannot be influenced.

Description

Built-in drive magnetic circuit and giant magnetostrictive electroacoustic transducer
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underwater acoustic transducers, in particular to a built-in driving magnetic circuit and a giant magnetostrictive acoustic transducer.
Background
In order to achieve the best performance of the giant magnetostrictive transducer, the giant magnetostrictive transducer needs to work under specific prestress and bias magnetic field, and in order to improve the performance of the giant magnetostrictive transducer, the design improvement and the manufacturing process of the radiation shell structure are enhanced, and meanwhile, how to optimize an internal driving magnetic circuit and improve the utilization rate of a giant magnetostrictive material is improved, so that the improvement of the efficiency of the transducer becomes particularly important.
The design of the single-rod magnetic circuit of the giant magnetostrictive transducer is not beneficial to the increase of active materials, a magnetic conduction barrel needs to be added to form a closed magnetic circuit, and the utilization rate of the internal space of the transducer is greatly reduced. The multi-rod vibrator has obvious advantages, a closed loop is easily formed at the joint of the two rods by using a magnetic conductive material, and the utilization rate of a magnetic field is improved. In addition, the double rod vibrator can obtain higher response than the single rod vibrator.
Although the traditional direct current coil has controllable bias strength and good axial magnetic field uniformity of the giant magnetostrictive material, a transmitting system is complex, and the current heat effect is large, so that the long-time work of the transducer is not facilitated. Although the permanent magnet bias occupies a small volume, does not generate extra heat, and is simple to load, the magnetic field is very poor in constancy and uniformity, the requirement on the magnetic circuit design is high, and the permanent magnet bias is not suitable for the working environment with large depth change.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the problem of low material utilization rate caused by non-uniform internal magnetic field of the giant magnetostrictive material of the internal driving magnetic circuit of the giant magnetostrictive transducer in the prior art. Thereby providing a built-in driving magnetic circuit and a giant magnetostrictive electroacoustic transducer with the built-in driving magnetic circuit.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a built-in driving magnetic circuit, which comprises at least two giant magnetostrictive rods; the permanent magnet ring is sleeved on the giant magnetostrictive rod; the coil is arranged on two sides of the permanent magnet ring; the permanent magnet sheet is arranged on one side of the coil, which is far away from the permanent magnet ring, and the cross sectional area of the permanent magnet sheet is larger than that of the giant magnetostrictive rod; and the magnetic conduction piece is arranged on one side of the permanent magnet sheet.
Furthermore, the giant magnetostrictive rod, the permanent magnetic ring, the coil and the permanent magnetic sheet are coaxially arranged.
Further, the directions of the magnetic induction lines of the two giant magnetostrictive rods are opposite.
Further, the polarization directions of the permanent magnetic sheets at two ends of the giant magnetostrictive rod are opposite.
Furthermore, the number of the coils is four, and the four coils are sequentially connected through leads.
Further, still include the skeleton, the skeleton cover is located on the giant magnetostrictive rod, and is located the both sides of permanent magnetism ring, the skeleton is used for supporting the coil.
Furthermore, the frameworks are provided with connecting holes, and a lead on one framework is connected with the other coil through the connecting holes and the permanent magnet ring to form a serial dynamic magnetic circuit.
Further, the skeleton comprises a cylindrical structure; the fixing rings are arranged on two sides of the tubular structure, and the connecting holes are formed in the fixing rings.
Further, the magnetic conduction piece is made of I-shaped pure iron.
The invention also provides a giant magnetostrictive electroacoustic transducer which comprises the built-in driving magnetic circuit.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the built-in driving magnetic circuit provided by the invention comprises at least two giant magnetostrictive rods; the permanent magnet ring is sleeved on the giant magnetostrictive rod; the coil is arranged on two sides of the permanent magnet ring; the permanent magnet sheet is arranged on one side of the coil, which is far away from the permanent magnet ring, and the cross sectional area of the permanent magnet sheet is larger than that of the giant magnetostrictive rod; and the magnetic conduction piece is arranged on one side of the permanent magnet sheet.
The super magnetostrictive rod is provided with the permanent magnetic rings, the two sides of each permanent magnetic ring are sequentially provided with the coils, and the coils are fixed by the magnetic conduction pieces, so that a closed magnetic circuit is formed. Meanwhile, the cross section area of the permanent magnet pieces is required to be larger than that of the super magnetostrictive rod, the super magnetostrictive rod is in a more uniform magnetic field range by increasing the cross section area of the permanent magnet pieces with the same type and the same remanence on the two axial sides of the super magnetostrictive rod, the magnetic field intensity at the two ends of the super magnetostrictive rod is effectively reduced, and the magnetic field intensity in the middle of the super magnetostrictive rod is increased. Meanwhile, the volume of the permanent magnetic ring is small, and the overall dynamic driving magnetic field cannot be influenced. The built-in driving magnetic circuit has the characteristics of small magnetic leakage, uniform magnetic field inside the giant magnetostrictive rod and high utilization rate of the giant magnetostrictive rod, and is applied to driving of a low-frequency, small-size and high-power giant magnetostrictive telescopic acoustic transducer.
2. According to the built-in driving magnetic circuit provided by the invention, the giant magnetostrictive rod, the permanent magnetic ring, the coil and the permanent magnetic sheet are coaxially arranged; thereby facilitating the installation of the permanent magnetic ring, the coil and the permanent magnetic sheet on the giant magnetostrictive rod; meanwhile, the coaxiality of the giant magnetostrictive rod, the permanent magnetic ring, the coil and the permanent magnetic sheet is also ensured.
3. The built-in driving magnetic circuit further comprises a framework, wherein the framework is sleeved on the giant magnetostrictive rod and positioned on two sides of the permanent magnetic ring, and the framework is used for supporting a coil; thereby preventing the coil from being deformed;
drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a built-in driving magnetic circuit provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a diagram of an axial static bias magnetic field curve of the giant magnetostrictive material obtained by simulation of the built-in driving magnetic circuit provided by the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a giant magnetostrictive rod; 2-permanent magnetic ring; 3-a framework; 31-a cylindrical structure; 32-a fixed ring; 4-a coil; 5-permanent magnetic sheet; 6-pure iron.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a built-in driving magnetic circuit, which includes at least two giant magnetostrictive rods 1; the permanent magnet ring 2 is sleeved on the giant magnetostrictive rod 1; the coil 4 is arranged on two sides of the permanent magnet ring 2; the permanent magnet sheet 5 is arranged on one side, far away from the permanent magnet ring 2, of the coil 4, and the cross sectional area of the permanent magnet sheet 5 is larger than that of the giant magnetostrictive rod 1; and the magnetic conduction piece 6 is arranged on one side of the permanent magnet piece 5.
A permanent magnet ring 2 is arranged on a giant magnetostrictive rod 1, coils 4 are sequentially arranged on two sides of the permanent magnet ring 2, and the coils are fixed by a magnetic conduction piece 6, so that a closed magnetic circuit is formed. Meanwhile, the cross section area of the permanent magnet sheets 5 is required to be larger than that of the giant magnetostrictive rod 1, and the giant magnetostrictive rod 1 is positioned in a more uniform magnetic field range by increasing the cross section areas of the permanent magnet sheets 5 with the same type and the same residual magnetism on two axial sides of the giant magnetostrictive rod 1, so that the magnetic field intensity at two ends of the giant magnetostrictive rod 1 is effectively reduced, and the magnetic field intensity in the middle of the giant magnetostrictive rod 1 is increased. Meanwhile, the volume of the permanent magnet ring 2 is small, and the overall dynamic driving magnetic field cannot be influenced. The built-in driving magnetic circuit has the characteristics of small magnetic leakage, uniform magnetic field inside the giant magnetostrictive rod 1 and high utilization rate of the giant magnetostrictive rod 1, and is applied to driving of a low-frequency, small-size and high-power giant magnetostrictive telescopic acoustic transducer.
In the middle part of the giant magnetostrictive rod 1, the part with the weakest magnetic field intensity is applied with the permanent magnetic ring 2 with reverse polarization, thereby improving the uniformity of the magnetic field in the giant magnetostrictive rod 1, compared with the difference of hundreds of kA/m in the traditional permanent magnetic bias magnetic circuit, the invention achieves that the difference of the magnetic field intensity is not more than 10kA/m, and achieves the uniform magnetic field needed by the giant magnetostrictive material at the best working point. The use of the long-specification giant magnetostrictive rod 1 becomes possible, and the power of the magnetostrictive transducer is remarkably improved.
In the present embodiment, the giant magnetostrictive rod 1 is made of a giant magnetostrictive material. Meanwhile, the number of the giant magnetostrictive rods 1 is two. Wherein, the number of the ultra-fine telescopic magnetic rods can be set according to the actual situation.
In the present embodiment, the permanent magnet ring 2 is an ndfeb permanent magnet ring 2; the permanent magnet sheet 5 is a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet sheet 5.
The magnetic conduction member 6 is I-shaped pure iron. The pure iron has good guidance quality, soft texture, good plasticity and easy forging.
In some alternative embodiments, the giant magnetostrictive rod 1, the permanent magnetic ring 2, the coil 4 and the permanent magnetic sheet 5 are coaxially arranged, so that the permanent magnetic ring 2, the coil 4 and the permanent magnetic sheet 5 are conveniently installed on the giant magnetostrictive rod 1; meanwhile, the coaxiality of the giant magnetostrictive rod 1, the permanent magnet ring 2, the coil 4 and the permanent magnet sheet 5 is also ensured.
Specifically, the magnetic induction lines of the two giant magnetostrictive rods 1 are opposite in direction, so that the built-in driving magnetic circuit forms a closed magnetic circuit.
In some alternative embodiments, the polarization directions of the permanent magnetic sheets 5 at the two ends of the giant magnetostrictive rod 1 are opposite. Namely, the permanent magnet sheet 5 of one side of the super magnetostrictive rod 1 is axially polarized in the x direction, the permanent magnet ring 2 of the magnetic circuit is axially polarized in the-x direction, and the magnetic circuits of the other side are opposite.
In this embodiment, the number of the coils 4 is four, and the four coils 4 are sequentially connected by a lead. The four coils 4 are connected in series by a conducting wire, and the four coils 4 are connected into a whole, so that a series dynamic magnetic circuit is formed. The wire wound around the first coil 4 is wound directly around the second coil 4, then around the third coil 4, and finally around the fourth coil 4 after the winding is completed. The first coil 4 and the second coil 4 are located on the first giant magnetostrictive rod 1, the third coil 4 and the fourth coil 4 are located on the second giant magnetostrictive rod 1, when the first coil 4 and the second coil 4 on the first giant magnetostrictive rod 1 are wound by wires, the first coil 4 and the fourth coil 4 on the second giant magnetostrictive rod 1 can be directly wound, and the wires in middle transition can be directly exposed in the air.
The built-in driving magnetic circuit further comprises a framework 3, wherein the framework 3 is sleeved on the giant magnetostrictive rod 1 and positioned on two sides of the permanent magnetic ring 2, and the framework 3 is used for supporting the coil 4 so as to prevent the coil 4 from deforming; meanwhile, the length of the bobbin 3 is equal to the length of the coil 4.
In some alternative embodiments, the bobbins 3 are provided with connection holes (not shown in the drawings), and a conducting wire on one of the bobbins 3 is connected with the other coil 4 through the connection holes and the permanent magnet ring 2 to form a series dynamic magnetic circuit. The arrangement mode enables the leads of the two coils 4 on the same giant magnetostrictive rod 1 to penetrate through the connecting hole, namely, the leads directly penetrate through the connecting hole on the framework 3 and the permanent magnetic ring 2 after being wound on the first coil 4 and are wound on the second coil 4, so that the leads are prevented from bypassing the permanent magnetic ring 2, namely, the leads are protected, and the connection stability of the leads is ensured; and meanwhile, the length of the guide is saved.
In the present embodiment, the bobbin 3 includes a cylindrical structure 31 and a fixing ring 32; wherein, solid fixed ring 32 has two, two solid fixed ring 32 locates tubular structure 31's both sides, the connecting hole seted up with gu on the fixed ring 32. The fixing ring 32 is fixedly connected with the tubular structure 31 by welding, and of course, the fixing ring 32 and the tubular structure 31 can also be integrally formed, so that the connection stability of the fixing ring 32 and the tubular structure 31 is ensured. The aperture of the connecting hole is 1.7 mm. Of course, the aperture of the connection hole may be set according to the actual situation, as long as the connection hole can pass through the guide, and is not limited specifically herein.
Referring to fig. 4, the built-in driving magnetic circuit can change the axial magnetic field inside the giant magnetostrictive rod 1 and adjust the axial magnetic field uniformly by adjusting the specifications of the permanent magnet sheet 5 and the permanent magnet ring 2 according to the selected working points of different giant magnetostrictive materials.
In the figure 4, taking the giant magnetostrictive rod 1 with the axial length of 70mm as an example, a bias magnetic field of 40kA/m is selected, the whole axial magnetic field is homogenized by 3 small magnetic field intensity peak values, the upper and lower difference is not more than 10kA/m, and the internal magnetic field uniformity of the giant magnetostrictive rod 11 with a longer specification is realized.
The invention also provides a giant magnetostrictive electroacoustic transducer which comprises the built-in driving magnetic circuit.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A built-in drive magnetic circuit, comprising:
a giant magnetostrictive rod (1) having at least two;
the permanent magnet ring (2), the said permanent magnet ring (2) is set up on the said ultra magnetostrictive rod (1);
the coil (4) is arranged on two sides of the permanent magnet ring (2);
the permanent magnet sheet (5) is arranged on one side, far away from the permanent magnet ring (2), of the coil (4), and the cross sectional area of the permanent magnet sheet (5) is larger than that of the giant magnetostrictive rod (1);
and the magnetic conduction piece (6) is arranged on one side of the permanent magnet sheet (5).
2. The built-in driving magnetic circuit according to claim 1, wherein the giant magnetostrictive rod (1), the permanent magnet ring (2), the coil (4), and the permanent magnet sheet (5) are coaxially arranged.
3. The built-in driving magnetic circuit according to claim 1, wherein the two magnetostrictive rods (1) have opposite magnetic induction directions.
4. The built-in driving magnetic circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the polarization directions of the permanent magnet pieces (5) at both ends of the giant magnetostrictive rod (1) are opposite.
5. The built-in driving magnetic circuit according to claim 4, wherein said coils (4) are four, and the conducting wires are connected to four of said coils (4) in turn.
6. The built-in driving magnetic circuit according to claim 5, further comprising a frame (3), wherein the frame (3) is sleeved on the giant magnetostrictive rod (1) and located on two sides of the permanent magnetic ring (2), and the frame (3) is used for supporting a coil (4).
7. The built-in driving magnetic circuit according to claim 6, wherein the skeletons (3) are provided with connecting holes, and a conducting wire on one of the skeletons (3) is connected with the other coil (4) through the connecting holes and the permanent magnet ring (2) to form a series dynamic magnetic circuit.
8. The built-in drive magnetic circuit according to claim 7, wherein the bobbin (3) comprises:
a cylindrical structure (31);
and the fixing rings (32) are provided with two fixing rings (32) which are arranged on two sides of the tubular structure (31), and the connecting holes are formed in the fixing rings.
9. The built-in driving magnetic circuit according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic conductive member (6) is h-shaped pure iron.
10. A super magnetostrictive electroacoustic transducer, characterized in that it comprises a built-in drive magnetic circuit according to any of claims 1-9.
CN202210329491.9A 2022-03-31 2022-03-31 Built-in driving magnetic circuit and giant magnetostrictive underwater acoustic transducer Active CN114696654B (en)

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CN202210329491.9A CN114696654B (en) 2022-03-31 2022-03-31 Built-in driving magnetic circuit and giant magnetostrictive underwater acoustic transducer

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CN114696654B CN114696654B (en) 2023-07-28

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101615862A (en) * 2009-04-30 2009-12-30 上海大学 Giant magnetostriction parallel micrometric displacement actuator
CN201860272U (en) * 2010-09-21 2011-06-08 上海大学 High linear giant magnetostrictive driver based on permanent-magnet bias
CN104167952A (en) * 2014-08-14 2014-11-26 北京航空航天大学 Permanent magnet biased magnetic circuit applicable to giant magnetostrictive actuator
CN110449335A (en) * 2019-08-16 2019-11-15 西安理工大学 Double stick type giant magnetostrictive transducer and double stick type ultra-magnetic telescopic main shaft
US10930838B1 (en) * 2017-09-27 2021-02-23 The Unites States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the Navy Magnetostrictive actuator with center bias
CN114123863A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-03-01 河北工业大学 Pole formula magnetostrictive vibration energy collection system of two stick structures

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101615862A (en) * 2009-04-30 2009-12-30 上海大学 Giant magnetostriction parallel micrometric displacement actuator
CN201860272U (en) * 2010-09-21 2011-06-08 上海大学 High linear giant magnetostrictive driver based on permanent-magnet bias
CN104167952A (en) * 2014-08-14 2014-11-26 北京航空航天大学 Permanent magnet biased magnetic circuit applicable to giant magnetostrictive actuator
US10930838B1 (en) * 2017-09-27 2021-02-23 The Unites States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the Navy Magnetostrictive actuator with center bias
CN110449335A (en) * 2019-08-16 2019-11-15 西安理工大学 Double stick type giant magnetostrictive transducer and double stick type ultra-magnetic telescopic main shaft
CN114123863A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-03-01 河北工业大学 Pole formula magnetostrictive vibration energy collection system of two stick structures

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