CN114695916B - Thermostat control method and device for liquid cooling system of hydrogen fuel cell - Google Patents

Thermostat control method and device for liquid cooling system of hydrogen fuel cell Download PDF

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CN114695916B
CN114695916B CN202210418598.0A CN202210418598A CN114695916B CN 114695916 B CN114695916 B CN 114695916B CN 202210418598 A CN202210418598 A CN 202210418598A CN 114695916 B CN114695916 B CN 114695916B
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thermostat
fuel cell
radiator
heating process
water temperature
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CN114695916A (en
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韩竹
李飞强
赵兴旺
高云庆
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Beijing Sinohytec Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention provides a thermostat control method and device of a liquid cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell, belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and solves the problem that the existing thermostat is prone to failure of the liquid cooling system due to inaccurate cut-off angle. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring an operation state parameter of a fuel cell; identifying whether the fuel cell is in a heating process before starting according to the running state parameters, if so, adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the heater side, and executing the next step, otherwise, adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the radiator side; in the heating process, the water temperature change in the radiator is monitored regularly, whether the radiating branch of the thermostat is completely closed is identified, if not, the thermostat is driven reversely, whether the radiating branch is completely closed is identified again, the heating process is finished before starting, and the opening of the thermostat is adjusted to the side of the radiator. The problem of inaccurate cut-off angle of current thermostat appearance can be effectively improved, adaptability is strong, but automatically regulated reduces the fault rate.

Description

Thermostat control method and device for liquid cooling system of hydrogen fuel cell
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a thermostat control method and device of a liquid cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell.
Background
When the hydrogen fuel cell is started, water in the liquid cooling system needs to reach a certain temperature in order to prevent water generated in the hydrogen fuel cell from icing, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid is heated by a heater to reach the starting temperature before the hydrogen fuel cell is operated.
Before the hydrogen fuel cell is started, the thermostat is usually closed to the minimum angle, the fuel cell is started after the temperature of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell reaches the operating temperature after the temperature of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell is heated to the specified temperature by the heater, the thermostat is gradually opened, the temperature of the fuel cell is controlled to the maximum angle gradually, and then the heat is dissipated through the radiator.
At present, the feedback signal of the thermostat is a Hall sensor, in the low-temperature cold start process of the hydrogen fuel cell, the condition of inaccurate cut-off angle is easy to occur, and finally the thermostat is not closed to the lowest point of the actual machine, so that the large circulation cooling liquid in the liquid cooling system is heated, the heating time is overtime, and the liquid cooling system is easy to fail.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the embodiment of the invention aims to provide a thermostat control method and a thermostat control device for a liquid cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell, which are used for solving the problem that the existing thermostat is prone to occurrence of a failure of the liquid cooling system due to inaccurate cut-off angle.
In one aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a thermostat control method of a liquid cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring an operation state parameter of a fuel cell;
identifying whether the fuel cell is in a heating process before starting according to the running state parameters, if so, adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the heater side, and executing the next step, otherwise, adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the radiator side;
in the heating process, the water temperature change in the radiator is monitored regularly, whether the radiating branch of the thermostat is completely closed is identified, if not, the thermostat is driven reversely, whether the radiating branch is completely closed is identified again, the heating process is finished before starting, and the opening of the thermostat is adjusted to the side of the radiator.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the identification step of the heating process before starting is added, the water temperature change in the radiator is monitored at regular time in the heating process, and the thermostat is reversely driven to correct the cut-off angle again as a feedback signal, so that the problems that the feedback quantity of the traditional thermostat is inaccurate and the actual situation is not tight due to the fact that the angle feedback signal is acquired by the Hall sensor are avoided, and the heating time is overtime due to the fact that the heater heats the large circulating cooling liquid are avoided. Experiments prove that the problem of inaccurate cut-off angle of the existing thermostat can be effectively solved, the user experience is improved, the adaptability is high, the automatic adjustment can be realized, and the failure rate is reduced.
Based on a further improvement of the above method, the operating state parameter of the fuel cell includes at least one of an output voltage, an output current, and a temperature of water at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell.
Further, the step of identifying whether the fuel cell is in the pre-start heating process according to the operation state parameter further includes:
obtaining the output voltage and the output current of a fuel cell;
identifying whether the output voltage and the output current are zero, if so, executing the next step, otherwise, judging that the fuel cell is in an operating state;
acquiring the temperature of a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell;
and (3) identifying whether the temperature at the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell reaches a set temperature, if so, judging that the fuel cell is in an operating state, otherwise, judging that the fuel cell is in a heating process before starting.
Further, if yes, adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the heater side, and executing the next step, otherwise, adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the radiator side, further including:
if the fuel cell is in the heating process before starting, after starting the heater and closing the radiator, controlling the opening of the thermostat to be adjusted to the lower limit a of the factory calibration of the thermostat, and then executing the next step, if the fuel cell is in the running state, after starting the radiator and closing the heater, controlling the opening of the thermostat to be adjusted to the upper limit b of the factory calibration of the thermostat.
Further, in the heating process, the step of monitoring the water temperature change in the radiator at regular time and identifying whether the radiating branch of the thermostat is completely closed, further comprises:
acquiring the environmental temperature of the fuel cell, and determining heating set time t;
controlling the opening of the thermostat to be unchanged within the set time t, and closing the heater after the heater heats the cooling liquid of the fuel cell for the set time t;
acquiring water temperature changes in the radiator before and after heating, and judging whether the water temperature of the radiator rises; if yes, judging that the heat radiating branch of the thermostat is not completely closed, otherwise, judging that the heat radiating branch of the thermostat is completely closed, starting the heater again to heat the cooling liquid of the fuel cell for a set time t, and judging the water temperature of the radiator in the next heating period until the heating process before starting is finished.
Further, if not, driving the thermostat reversely, and identifying whether the heat dissipation branch is completely closed again until the heating process is finished before starting, and further comprising the steps of:
when the heat radiation branch of the thermostat is not completely closed, the current opening degree of the thermostat is reduced by k i Wherein k is i Obtained by the following formula:
k i =f（T 0 ，T，t，a，b，k i-1 ）
wherein T is 0 Is the ambient temperature, T is the water temperature in the radiator at the current moment, k i-1 For the last down-regulating step, the initial value is 0, i is the current down-regulating period, i=1, …, n, n is the total down-regulating times,fa set fitting function;
acquiring water temperature changes in the radiator before and after adjustment, and judging whether the water temperature of the radiator still rises; if yes, the current opening of the thermostat is adjusted down by k again i+1 Judging again until the water temperature in the radiator is not increased any more;
acquiring the temperature of a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell, and judging whether the heating process is finished before starting; if the temperature at the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell does not reach the starting temperature, judging that the heating process before starting is not finished, starting the heater again, monitoring the water temperature change in the radiator at regular time until the temperature at the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell reaches the starting temperature, judging that the heating process before starting is finished, and adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the radiator side.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. and the automatic identification control is carried out according to the actual condition of the fuel cell, so that the workload is small and the cost is low.
2. The water temperature in the radiator is used as a feedback signal, so that the adaptability is strong, the self-adjustment can be realized, and the failure rate is reduced.
3. In the heating process, the opening of the thermostat is adaptively corrected, the cut-off angle is automatically corrected, the influence on the large-circulation cooling liquid in the liquid cooling system is reduced, and the heating time and the heating effect are effectively shortened.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention also provides a thermostat control device of the liquid cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell, which comprises:
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the operation state parameters of the fuel cell and the water temperature change in the radiator and sending the water temperature change to the controller;
the controller is used for identifying whether the fuel cell is in a heating process before starting according to the running state parameters, if so, adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the heater side, and executing the next step, otherwise, adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the radiator side; in the heating process, the water temperature change in the radiator is monitored regularly, whether the radiating branch of the thermostat is completely closed is identified, if not, the thermostat is driven reversely, whether the radiating branch is completely closed is identified again, the heating process is finished before starting, and the opening of the thermostat is adjusted to the radiator side;
the thermostat is characterized in that the input end of the thermostat is connected with a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack sequentially through the heater and the water pump, the input end of the thermostat is connected with the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack sequentially through the radiator and the water pump, the output end of the thermostat is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack, and the control end of the thermostat is connected with the output end of the controller.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the recognition of the heating process before starting is increased, the water temperature change in the radiator is monitored at regular time in the heating process, the thermostat is reversely driven to correct the cut-off angle again as a feedback signal, the situation that the feedback quantity of the current thermostat is inaccurate and the actual state is not tight due to the fact that the angle feedback signal is acquired by the Hall sensor is avoided, and the problem that the heating time is overtime due to the fact that the heater heats the large circulating cooling liquid is avoided. Experiments prove that the problem of inaccurate cut-off angle of the existing thermostat can be effectively solved, the user experience is improved, the adaptability is high, the automatic adjustment can be realized, and the failure rate is reduced.
Based on a further improvement of the above device, the data acquisition unit further comprises: ,
the environment temperature sensor is arranged in the surrounding environment of the fuel cell stack and used for acquiring the environment temperature of the fuel cell;
the electric signal sensor is arranged at the power supply end of the fuel cell stack and used for acquiring the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell;
and the temperature sensor is arranged at the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack and used for acquiring the water temperature at the cooling liquid outlet.
Further, the controller performs the following procedure to recognize whether the fuel cell is in the pre-start heating process according to the above-described operation state parameter:
obtaining the output voltage and the output current of a fuel cell;
identifying whether the output voltage and the output current are zero, if so, executing the next step, otherwise, judging that the fuel cell is in an operating state;
acquiring the temperature of a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell;
and recognizing whether the temperature at the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell reaches a set temperature, if so, judging that the fuel cell is in an operating state, otherwise, judging that the fuel cell is in a heating process before starting.
Further, the controller executes the following procedure to monitor the water temperature change in the radiator at regular time in the heating process, identify whether the heat radiation branch of the thermostat is completely closed, if not, reversely drive the thermostat, identify whether the heat radiation branch is completely closed again, until the heating process is finished before starting:
after heating for a set time t, turning off the heater;
acquiring water temperature changes in the radiator before and after heating, and judging whether the water temperature of the radiator rises; if yes, judging that the heat radiating branch of the thermostat is not completely closed, otherwise, judging that the heat radiating branch of the thermostat is completely closed, starting the heater again to heat the cooling liquid of the fuel cell for a set time t, and judging the water temperature of the radiator in the next heating period until the heating process is finished before starting;
when the heat radiation branch of the thermostat is not completely closed, the current opening degree of the thermostat is reduced by k i Wherein k is i Obtained by the following formula:
k i =f（T 0 ，T，t，a，b，k i-1 ）
wherein T is 0 Is the ambient temperature, T is the water temperature in the radiator at the current moment, k i-1 For the last down-regulating step, the initial value is 0, i is the current down-regulating period, i=1, …, n, n is the total down-regulating times,fa set fitting function;
acquiring water temperature changes in the radiator before and after adjustment, and judging whether the water temperature of the radiator still rises; if yes, the current opening of the thermostat is adjusted down by k again i+1 Judging again until the water temperature in the radiator is not increased any more;
acquiring the temperature of a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell, and judging whether the heating process is finished before starting; if the temperature of the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell does not reach the starting temperature, the heating process before starting is judged not to be finished, the heater is started again, the water temperature change in the radiator is monitored at regular time until the temperature of the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell reaches the starting temperature, and the heating process before starting is judged to be finished.
The summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the disclosure.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the steps of a thermostat control method of a liquid cooling system for a hydrogen fuel cell according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a control method of the thermostat of embodiment 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a control method of the thermostat of embodiment 2.
Reference numerals:
t-setting time; a-factory calibration lower limit; b-factory calibration upper limit; k-the correction step size set.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The term "comprising" and variations thereof as used herein means open ended, i.e., "including but not limited to. The term "or" means "and/or" unless specifically stated otherwise. The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The terms "one example embodiment" and "one embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment. The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first," "second," and the like, may refer to different or the same object. Other explicit and implicit definitions are also possible below.
Example 1
The invention discloses a thermostat control method of a liquid cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell, which comprises the following steps as shown in figures 1-2:
s1, acquiring operation state parameters of a fuel cell;
s2, identifying whether the fuel cell is in a heating process before starting according to the running state parameters, if so, adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the heater side (the set value is not the factory calibration lower limit a), and executing the next step, otherwise, adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the radiator side (the set value is not the factory calibration upper limit b);
s3, in the heating process, monitoring the water temperature change in the radiator at regular time, identifying whether a heat radiating branch of the thermostat is completely closed, if not, reversely driving the thermostat to correct the cut-off angle again, identifying whether the heat radiating branch is completely closed again, and adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the radiator side until the heating process is finished before starting (namely, after the cooling liquid reaches the starting temperature and the fuel cell is started).
The hydrogen fuel cell liquid cooling system has the structure that a cooling liquid outlet of a hydrogen fuel cell (a galvanic pile) is divided into two paths, one path is connected with an input end I of a thermostat through a water pump and a heater in sequence, and the other path is connected with an input end II of the thermostat through the water pump and a radiator in sequence. The output end of the thermostat is connected with the cooling liquid inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell (electric pile).
Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the embodiment increases the identification of the heating process before starting, and in the heating process, the water temperature change in the radiator is monitored at regular time and used as a feedback signal, the thermostat is driven in a reverse direction to revise the cut-off angle of the thermostat, so that the problems that the feedback quantity of the current thermostat is inaccurate and not tight in practice due to the fact that the angle feedback signal is acquired by the Hall sensor are avoided, and the problem that the heating time is overtime due to the fact that the heater heats the large-circulation cooling liquid are avoided. Experiments prove that the problem of inaccurate cut-off angle of the existing thermostat can be effectively solved, the user experience is improved, the adaptability is high, the automatic adjustment can be realized, and the failure rate is reduced.
Example 2
The improvement of embodiment 1 is that in step S1, the operation state parameter of the fuel cell includes at least one of an output voltage, an output current, and a temperature of water at a coolant outlet of the fuel cell.
Preferably, step S2 is further refined to:
s21, obtaining output voltage and output current of the fuel cell;
s22, identifying whether the output voltage and the output current are zero, if so, executing the next step, otherwise, judging that the fuel cell is in an operating state;
s23, acquiring the temperature of a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell;
s24, identifying whether the temperature at the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell reaches a set temperature, if so, judging that the fuel cell is in an operating state, and after the radiator is started and the heater is closed, controlling the opening of the thermostat to be adjusted to the factory calibration upper limit b of the thermostat; otherwise, determining that the fuel cell is in the pre-start heating process, and executing step S25;
s25, after the heater is started and the radiator is closed, controlling the opening of the thermostat to be adjusted to the factory calibration lower limit a of the thermostat, and then executing the step S3.
Preferably, step S3 is further refined to:
s31, acquiring the ambient temperature of the fuel cell, and determining heating set time t;
s32, controlling the opening of the thermostat to be unchanged within a set time t in a heating process, namely the set time t, and closing the heater after waiting for the heater to heat the cooling liquid of the fuel cell for the set time t;
s33, acquiring water temperature changes in the radiator before and after heating, and judging whether the water temperature of the radiator rises; if yes, judging that the heat radiating branch of the thermostat is not completely closed, executing the step S34, otherwise, judging that the heat radiating branch of the thermostat is completely closed, starting the heater again to heat the cooling liquid of the fuel cell in the next period, namely returning to the step S31 for heating the set time t, judging the water temperature of the radiator in the next heating period until the whole heating process before starting is finished (for identification of the end of the heating process before starting, see the step S36);
s34, when the heat radiation branch of the thermostat is not completely closed, the current opening of the thermostat is adjusted down by k i I.e. to a-k i Wherein k is i For the set correction step size, it can be obtained by the following formula:
k i =f（T 0 ，T，t，a，b，k i-1 ）
wherein T is 0 Is the ambient temperature, T is the water temperature in the radiator at the current moment, k i-1 For the last step down, the initial value is 0, i=1, …, n, n is the number of down steps,fto fit a function or neural network, k in the training data i The step length with the minimum water temperature variation and the minimum variation rate in the radiator in the safety down-regulation range can be adopted;
s35, acquiring water temperature changes in the radiator before and after adjustment, and judging whether the water temperature of the radiator still rises; if yes, the current opening of the thermostat is adjusted down by k again i+1 (a-2 k, … …, a-nk, n are the number of times of down regulation), judging again until the water temperature in the radiator is no longer increased (namely, ensuring the heat radiating branch of the thermostat to be tightly closed, avoiding heating the heat radiating branch and influencing the heating effect and time);
s36, acquiring the temperature of a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell, and judging whether the heating process is finished before starting; if the temperature at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell does not reach the starting temperature, the heating process before starting is judged to be not finished, the heater is started again, the step S31 is returned to, the water temperature change in the radiator is monitored regularly, the opening of the thermostat is adjusted, the coolant is heated through small circulation until the temperature at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell reaches the starting temperature, the heating process before starting is judged to be finished, and the opening of the thermostat is adjusted to the upper factory calibration limit b.
The principle of this method is schematically shown in fig. 3.
Compared with the embodiment 1, the method provided by the embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
1. and the automatic identification control is carried out according to the actual condition of the fuel cell, so that the workload is small and the cost is low.
2. The water temperature in the radiator is used as a feedback signal, so that the adaptability is strong, the self-adjustment can be realized, and the failure rate is reduced.
3. In the heating process, the opening of the thermostat is adaptively corrected, the cut-off angle is automatically corrected, the influence on the large-circulation cooling liquid in the liquid cooling system is reduced, and the heating time and the heating effect are effectively shortened.
Example 3
The invention also provides a thermostat control device of the hydrogen fuel cell liquid cooling system corresponding to the method of the embodiment 1 or 2, which comprises a data acquisition unit, a controller and a thermostat which are connected in sequence.
The data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the operation state parameters of the fuel cell and the water temperature change in the radiator and sending the water temperature change to the controller.
The controller is used for identifying whether the fuel cell is in a heating process before starting according to the running state parameters, if so, adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the heater side, and executing the next step, otherwise, adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the radiator side; and in the heating process, monitoring the water temperature change in the radiator at regular time, identifying whether the radiating branch of the thermostat is completely closed, if not, driving the thermostat reversely, identifying whether the radiating branch is completely closed again, until the heating process is finished before starting, and adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the radiator side.
The thermostat is characterized in that the input end of the thermostat is connected with a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack sequentially through the heater and the water pump, the input end of the thermostat is connected with the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack sequentially through the radiator and the water pump, the output end of the thermostat is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack, and the control end of the thermostat is connected with the output end of the controller.
Preferably, the data acquisition unit further comprises: an ambient temperature sensor, an electrical signal sensor, a temperature sensor.
The ambient temperature sensor is arranged in the surrounding environment of the fuel cell stack and used for acquiring the ambient temperature of the fuel cell.
The electric signal sensor is arranged at the power supply end of the fuel cell stack and used for acquiring the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell.
And the temperature sensor is arranged at the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack and used for acquiring the water temperature at the cooling liquid outlet.
Preferably, the controller performs the following procedure to identify whether the fuel cell is in the pre-start heating process based on the above-described operation state parameters:
SS1, obtaining output voltage and output current of a fuel cell;
SS2, identifying whether the output voltage and the output current are zero, if so, executing the next step, otherwise, judging that the fuel cell is in an operating state;
SS3, acquiring the temperature of a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell;
and S4, recognizing whether the temperature at the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell reaches the set temperature, if so, judging that the fuel cell is in an operating state, otherwise, judging that the fuel cell is in a heating process before starting, and executing steps SS 5-SS 10.
Preferably, the controller performs the following procedure to monitor the water temperature change in the radiator at regular time in the heating process, identify whether the heat radiation branch of the thermostat is completely closed, if not, reversely drive the thermostat, and identify whether the heat radiation branch is completely closed again until the heating process is finished before starting:
SS5, acquiring the ambient temperature of the fuel cell, and determining heating set time t;tcan be obtained by a calibration mode;
SS6, after heating for a set time t, turning off the heater;
SS7, acquiring water temperature changes in the radiator before and after heating, and judging whether the water temperature of the radiator rises; if yes, judging that the heat radiating branch of the thermostat is not completely closed, otherwise, judging that the heat radiating branch of the thermostat is completely closed, starting the heater again to heat the cooling liquid of the fuel cell for a set time t, and judging the water temperature of the radiator in the next heating period until the heating process is finished before starting;
SS8 regulating current opening degree of thermostat down by k when heat radiation branch of thermostat is not completely closed i I.e. to a-k i Wherein k is i For the set correction step size, it can be obtained by the following formula:
k i =f（T 0 ，T，t，a，b，k i-1 ）
wherein T is 0 Is the ambient temperature, T is the water temperature in the radiator at the current moment, k i-1 For the last step down, the initial value is 0, i=1, …, n, n is the number of down steps,fto be simulatedCombining functions or neural networks, k in training data i The step length with the minimum water temperature variation and variation rate in the radiator in the safety down-regulation range is adopted;
SS9 obtaining the water temperature change in the radiator before and after adjustment, and judging whether the water temperature of the radiator still rises; if yes, the current opening of the thermostat is adjusted down by k again i+1 Judging again until the water temperature in the radiator is not increased any more;
SS10 acquiring the temperature of the coolant outlet of the fuel cell, and judging whether the heating process is finished before starting; if the temperature of the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell does not reach the starting temperature, the heating process before starting is judged not to be finished, the heater is started again, the water temperature change in the radiator is monitored at regular time until the temperature of the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell reaches the starting temperature, and the heating process before starting is judged to be finished.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or the improvement of the prior art, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims (7)

1. A thermostat control method of a liquid cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring an operation state parameter of a fuel cell;
identifying whether the fuel cell is in a heating process before starting according to the running state parameters, if so, adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the heater side, and executing the next step, otherwise, adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the radiator side;
in the heating process, the water temperature change in the radiator is monitored regularly, whether the radiating branch of the thermostat is completely closed is identified, if not, the thermostat is driven reversely, whether the radiating branch is completely closed is identified again, the opening of the thermostat is adjusted to the radiator side until the heating process is finished before starting; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
in the heating process, the water temperature change in the radiator is monitored regularly, whether the heat radiating branch of the thermostat is completely closed is identified, if not, the thermostat is driven reversely, whether the heat radiating branch is completely closed is identified again, and the step of ending the heating process before starting is further carried out, and the method further comprises the following substeps:
acquiring the environmental temperature of the fuel cell, and determining heating set time t;
controlling the opening of the thermostat to be unchanged within the set time t, and closing the heater after the heater heats the cooling liquid of the fuel cell for the set time t;
acquiring water temperature changes in the radiator before and after heating, and judging whether the water temperature of the radiator rises; if yes, judging that the heat radiating branch of the thermostat is not completely closed, otherwise, judging that the heat radiating branch of the thermostat is completely closed, starting the heater again to heat the cooling liquid of the fuel cell for a set time t, and judging the water temperature of the radiator in the next heating period until the heating process is finished before starting;
when the heat radiation branch of the thermostat is not completely closed, the current opening degree of the thermostat is reduced by k i Wherein k is i Obtained by the following formula:
k i ＝f(T 0 ，T，t，a，b，k i-1 )
wherein T is 0 Is the ambient temperature, T is the water temperature in the radiator at the current moment, k i-1 For the last time of the down-regulation step length, the initial value is 0, i is the current down-regulation period, i=1, …, n, n is the total down-regulation frequency, f is a set fitting function, a is the factory calibration lower limit of the thermostat, and b is the factory calibration upper limit of the thermostat;
acquiring water temperature changes in the radiator before and after adjustment, and judging whether the water temperature of the radiator still rises; if yes, the current opening of the thermostat is adjusted down by k again i+1 Judging again until the water temperature in the radiator is not increased any more;
acquiring the temperature of a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell, and judging whether the heating process is finished before starting; if the temperature of the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell does not reach the starting temperature, the heating process before starting is judged not to be finished, the heater is started again, the water temperature change in the radiator is monitored at regular time until the temperature of the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell reaches the starting temperature, and the heating process before starting is judged to be finished.
2. The method for controlling a thermostat of a liquid cooling system for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the operation state parameter of the fuel cell includes at least one of an output voltage, an output current, and a water temperature at a coolant outlet of the fuel cell.
3. The method for controlling a thermostat of a liquid cooling system for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step of identifying whether the fuel cell is in a pre-start heating process based on the above-mentioned operation state parameter, further comprises:
obtaining the output voltage and the output current of a fuel cell;
identifying whether the output voltage and the output current are zero, if so, executing the next step, otherwise, judging that the fuel cell is in an operating state;
acquiring the temperature of a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell;
and (3) identifying whether the temperature at the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell reaches a set temperature, if so, judging that the fuel cell is in an operating state, otherwise, judging that the fuel cell is in a heating process before starting.
4. The method for controlling a thermostat of a liquid cooling system for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the step of adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the heater side if yes, and executing the next step, otherwise, adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the radiator side, further comprises:
if the fuel cell is in the heating process before starting, after starting the heater and closing the radiator, controlling the opening of the thermostat to be adjusted to the lower limit a of the factory calibration of the thermostat, and then executing the next step, if the fuel cell is in the running state, after starting the radiator and closing the heater, controlling the opening of the thermostat to be adjusted to the upper limit b of the factory calibration of the thermostat.
5. A thermostat control device for a liquid cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell, comprising:
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the operation state parameters of the fuel cell and the water temperature change in the radiator and sending the water temperature change to the controller;
the controller is used for identifying whether the fuel cell is in a heating process before starting according to the running state parameters, if so, adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the heater side, and executing the next step, otherwise, adjusting the opening of the thermostat to the radiator side; in the heating process, the water temperature change in the radiator is monitored regularly, whether the radiating branch of the thermostat is completely closed is identified, if not, the thermostat is driven reversely, whether the radiating branch is completely closed is identified again, the heating process is finished before starting, and the opening of the thermostat is adjusted to the radiator side;
the first input end of the thermostat is connected with a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack sequentially through the heater and the water pump, the second input end of the thermostat is connected with the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack sequentially through the radiator and the water pump, the output end of the thermostat is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack, and the control end of the thermostat is connected with the output end of the controller; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the controller executes the following program to finish the process of heating, periodically monitors the water temperature change in the radiator, identifies whether the radiating branch of the thermostat is completely closed, and if not, reversely drives the thermostat, and identifies whether the radiating branch is completely closed again until the heating process is finished before starting:
acquiring the environmental temperature of the fuel cell, and determining heating set time t;
controlling the opening of the thermostat to be unchanged within the set time t, and closing the heater after the heater heats the cooling liquid of the fuel cell for the set time t;
acquiring water temperature changes in the radiator before and after heating, and judging whether the water temperature of the radiator rises; if yes, judging that the heat radiating branch of the thermostat is not completely closed, otherwise, judging that the heat radiating branch of the thermostat is completely closed, starting the heater again to heat the cooling liquid of the fuel cell for a set time t, and judging the water temperature of the radiator in the next heating period until the heating process is finished before starting;
when the heat radiation branch of the thermostat is not completely closed, the current opening degree of the thermostat is reduced by k i Wherein k is i Obtained by the following formula:
k i ＝f(T 0 ，T，t，a，b，k i-1 )
wherein T is 0 Is the ambient temperature, T is the water temperature in the radiator at the current moment, k i-1 For the last time of the down-regulation step length, the initial value is 0, i is the current down-regulation period, i=1, …, n, n is the total down-regulation frequency, f is a set fitting function, a is the factory calibration lower limit of the thermostat, and b is the factory calibration upper limit of the thermostat;
acquiring water temperature changes in the radiator before and after adjustment, and judging whether the water temperature of the radiator still rises; if yes, the current opening of the thermostat is adjusted down by k again i+1 Judging again until the water temperature in the radiator is not increased any more;
acquiring the temperature of a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell, and judging whether the heating process is finished before starting; if the temperature of the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell does not reach the starting temperature, the heating process before starting is judged not to be finished, the heater is started again, the water temperature change in the radiator is monitored at regular time until the temperature of the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell reaches the starting temperature, and the heating process before starting is judged to be finished.
6. The thermostat control device for a liquid cooling system for a hydrogen fuel cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein the data acquisition unit further comprises:
the environment temperature sensor is arranged in the surrounding environment of the fuel cell stack and used for acquiring the environment temperature of the fuel cell;
the electric signal sensor is arranged at the power supply end of the fuel cell stack and used for acquiring the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell;
and the temperature sensor is arranged at the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack and used for acquiring the water temperature at the cooling liquid outlet.
7. The thermostat control device for a liquid cooling system for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the controller performs the following procedure to recognize whether the fuel cell is in a heating process before starting up based on the above-mentioned operation state parameter:
obtaining the output voltage and the output current of a fuel cell;
identifying whether the output voltage and the output current are zero, if so, executing the next step, otherwise, judging that the fuel cell is in an operating state;
acquiring the temperature of a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell;
and recognizing whether the temperature at the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell reaches a set temperature, if so, judging that the fuel cell is in an operating state, otherwise, judging that the fuel cell is in a heating process before starting.
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