CN114695833B - A lithium dendrite suppression device, system and method for lithium metal battery negative electrode material - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a lithium dendrite suppression device, system and method for negative electrode materials of lithium metal batteries, based on the theoretical basis that increasing the lithium affinity of the material can reduce the nucleation and diffusion barriers of metal lithium, and the enlarged interlayer spacing can provide a diffusion channel for lithium inside the material, thereby accelerating the lithium transport kinetics to suppress the growth of negative electrode lithium dendrites, and using high-energy media to activate and expand the carbon atom layer, the enlarged interlayer spacing can provide the space inside the carbon atom layer as a bulk diffusion channel for lithium, and can accelerate the electrochemical kinetics of the electrode interface. The surface and interior of the negative electrode material of the lithium metal battery treated with high-energy media have the functions of stably dispersing metal lithium and regulating lithium diffusion, which can suppress the generation of lithium dendrites and improve the cycle stability of the negative electrode of the lithium metal battery.

Description

A lithium dendrite suppression device, system and method for lithium metal battery negative electrode material

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of new energy battery material design, and more specifically, to a lithium dendrite suppression device, system and method for a lithium metal battery negative electrode material.

Background technique

Energy storage systems using lithium metal as negative electrodes are considered to be alternatives to commercial lithium-ion batteries. Due to the high specific capacity (3860mA h g-1) and low redox potential (-3.040V vs. standard hydrogen electrode) of lithium metal, the energy density of lithium metal secondary battery systems is the most impressive, becoming an effective solution for the next generation of high energy density batteries. Although lithium metal batteries have excellent application prospects, the uneven deposition of metal lithium at the anode leads to the formation of irregular lithium dendrites during charging, which pierce the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) membrane and cause battery short circuits, causing a series of safety issues. In addition, the growth of lithium dendrites causes the specific surface area of metal lithium to increase continuously, increasing the selectivity of side reactions with the electrolyte, thereby irreversibly consuming the electrolyte and forming dead lithium with no electronic activity, affecting normal electrochemical behavior, and causing the capacity of the battery to continue to decline during daily use. These shortcomings will reduce the stability, cycle life and safety of lithium metal secondary batteries. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of interface stability of metal lithium.

Since the surface diffusion of lithium in the negative electrode is much faster than the bulk diffusion, tuning the diffusion/deposition of lithium on the negative electrode surface is considered to be the mainstream method to promote uniform lithium deposition. The commonly used method is to add additives to the electrolyte or to modify the surface of the negative electrode. Qiang Zhang's team (Adv. Funct. Mater. 2017, 27, 1605989) added fluoroethylene carbonate to the carbonate electrolyte to induce the formation of a dense and stable SEI layer, which is conducive to obtaining a uniform Li deposition morphology. Yi Cui's team (Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 5, 2910–2916) placed a three-dimensional (3D) oxidized polyacrylonitrile nanofiber network on top of the current collector. The polymer fibers containing polar surface functional groups can guide the uniform deposition of lithium metal on the surface. Patent CN202011629545.0 performs multi-level functional modification on the negative electrode, using a lithium-philic metal layer and preparing an artificial lithium ion diffusion layer to inhibit the generation of lithium dendrites. These results indicate that modifying the negative electrode surface or electrolyte can improve its performance, but these methods often have problems such as complex processes, uneven thickness of the modified layer, difficulty in utilizing the bulk diffusion pathway of the material, and insufficient stability of the SEI formed during the cycle.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a lithium dendrite suppression device, system and method for lithium metal battery negative electrode materials. The negative electrode material (carbon cloth) of the lithium metal battery is subjected to plasma treatment, and element doping and structural defects can be performed on the surface and inside of the negative electrode material to improve the affinity between the carbon cloth and lithium.

In order to solve at least one of the above problems, the first aspect of the present invention provides a lithium dendrite suppression device for a negative electrode material of a lithium metal battery, comprising:

A housing in which a negative electrode element of a lithium metal battery can be placed; and

The high-energy medium forming component can form a high-energy medium in the shell, so that the negative electrode material atoms of the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery are in an activated and expanded state, thereby forming a bulk diffusion channel of lithium metal to inhibit the lithium dendrites.

Further, the high-energy medium forming assembly includes: a gas pipeline, a high-frequency AC power supply, and a heating and cooling plate;

The gas pipeline comprises a gas inlet and two outlets, one of which is connected to a vacuum pump, the other is connected to an exhaust valve, and the gas inlet is connected to a gas cylinder;

The high-frequency AC power source is coupled to the gas inlet end of the gas pipeline and the inner wall of the high-energy medium forming component, wherein the inner wall of the high-energy medium forming component is coupled to a grounding wire;

Two ends of the plasma assembly are respectively provided with a heating and cooling plate, and the heating and cooling plate is coupled to a temperature control system.

Furthermore, the lithium dendrite suppression device further comprises:

A support assembly, wherein the support assembly and the high-energy medium forming assembly are coaxially arranged with the gas pipeline as the axis, wherein the lithium metal battery negative electrode element can be placed on the support assembly.

Furthermore, a portion of the gas pipeline located inside the plasma component is provided with a plurality of through holes.

Furthermore, a flow controller is provided at the inlet of the gas pipeline.

Furthermore, a pressure sensor is provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the support assembly.

Furthermore, the high-energy medium may be one of nitrogen, oxygen and ammonia.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a lithium dendrite suppression system for a lithium metal battery negative electrode material, comprising: a lithium dendrite suppression device for a lithium metal battery negative electrode material, a raw material column, and a product column;

The raw material column transports the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery to the lithium dendrite suppression device, so that the negative electrode material atoms of the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery are in an activated and expanded state, thereby forming a bulk diffusion channel of lithium metal to suppress the lithium dendrite;

The support assembly transfers the expanded negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery to the product column.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for inhibiting lithium dendrites of a negative electrode material of a lithium metal battery, comprising:

Inserting the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery into a shell through the raw material column;

A high-energy medium is formed in the shell, so that the negative electrode material atoms of the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery are in an activated and expanded state, thereby forming a bulk diffusion channel of lithium metal to inhibit the lithium dendrites.

Furthermore, the lithium dendrite suppression method further comprises:

The gaps between the negative electrode material atoms of the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery are doped with a modified medium to improve the affinity between the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery and lithium.

Beneficial Effects of the Invention

The present invention provides a lithium dendrite suppression device, system and method for negative electrode materials of lithium metal batteries, based on the theoretical basis that increasing the lithium affinity of the material can reduce the nucleation and diffusion barriers of metal lithium, and the enlarged interlayer spacing can provide a diffusion channel for lithium inside the material, thereby accelerating the lithium transport kinetics to suppress the growth of negative electrode lithium dendrites, and using high-energy media to activate and expand the carbon atom layer, the enlarged interlayer spacing can provide the space inside the carbon atom layer as a bulk diffusion channel for lithium, and can accelerate the electrochemical kinetics of the electrode interface. The surface and interior of the negative electrode material of the lithium metal battery treated with high-energy media have the functions of stably dispersing metal lithium and regulating lithium diffusion, which can suppress the generation of lithium dendrites and improve the cycle stability of the negative electrode of the lithium metal battery.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a lithium dendrite suppression device for a negative electrode material of a lithium metal battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a lithium dendrite suppression system for a negative electrode material of a lithium metal battery in an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of the drawings: 1. Shell; 2. High-energy medium forming assembly; 21. Heating and cooling plate; 3. Support assembly, 4. Raw material column; 5. Product column; 6. High-frequency AC power supply; 7. Optical sensor; 8. Gas cylinder; 9. Flow controller; 10. Vacuum pump; 11. Exhaust valve; 12. Drive motor.

Detailed ways

The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

For the convenience of description, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only set for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various implementation methods can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

In order to solve the many shortcomings of the existing methods or processes for inhibiting lithium dendrites in lithium metal batteries, a device that is easy to produce and scale up has not yet appeared.

Based on this, the present invention provides a lithium dendrite suppression device for a negative electrode material of a lithium metal battery, as shown in FIG1 , comprising:

A housing in which a negative electrode element of a lithium metal battery can be placed; and

The high-energy medium forming component can form a high-energy medium in the body, so that the negative electrode material atoms of the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery are in an expanded state, thereby forming a bulk diffusion channel of lithium metal to inhibit the lithium dendrites.

It is understandable that the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery is carbon cloth, and the high-energy medium forming component 2 is preferably a plasma reactor. Carbon is arranged in the lithium dendrite suppression device, and the plasma reactor is turned on to generate plasma. The plasma continuously impacts the carbon cloth from the inside and outside, and the surface and the inside of the carbon cloth material are doped and defected, and the bulk diffusion channel of lithium metal is opened. Preferably, the shell and the wall of the high-energy medium forming component 2 are made of ceramic or insulating materials such as polymethyl methacrylate to resist plasma erosion, and aluminum with an anodized inner surface can also be selected.

In some specific embodiments, as shown in FIG1 , the high energy medium forming assembly includes: a gas pipeline, a high frequency AC power source, and a heating and cooling plate;

The gas pipeline comprises a gas inlet and two outlets, one of which is connected to a vacuum pump, the other is connected to an exhaust valve, and the gas inlet is connected to a gas cylinder;

The high-frequency AC power source is coupled to the gas inlet end of the gas pipeline and the inner wall of the high-energy medium forming component, wherein the inner wall of the high-energy medium forming component is coupled to a grounding wire;

Two ends of the plasma assembly are respectively provided with a heating and cooling plate, and the heating and cooling plate is coupled to a temperature control system.

It can be understood that the high-energy medium forming component 2 is axially connected to the gas pipeline, and its inner wall is coupled to a grounded wire. Two exhaust holes are opened below the gas pipeline, one of which is connected to the vacuum pump 10, and the other is connected to the exhaust valve 11. The gas inlet of the gas pipeline is connected to a gas cylinder 8; the high-frequency AC power supply 6 is coupled to the gas inlet hollow tube of the gas pipeline and the inner wall of the high-energy medium forming component 2, and is used to apply a high-frequency AC electric field to the high-energy medium forming component 2 to form a high-energy medium. The high-frequency AC power supply 6 needs to support radio frequency. Generally, the AC frequency needs to meet the radio frequency range, and 10-1000kHz is more preferred; and the power of the high-frequency AC power supply is usually between 50W-50kW, depending on the size of the device and the processing requirements. The temperature control function of the high-energy medium forming component 2 is realized by two heating and cooling plates 21 thermally coupled to the upper and lower cover plates of the high-energy medium forming component, which are used to control the temperature of the cavity of the high-energy medium forming component 2 and are controlled by a control system. The high energy medium forming assembly 2 is preferably a plasma reactor, and the heating and cooling plate 21 is usually composed of a plurality of physical layers, i.e., a sandwich structure of a thermal gasket, a heater block, a thermal barrier and a cooling block, which provides heating and cooling operations for the reactor chamber, and is combined with a thermal sensor built into the chamber to form a temperature control system. The temperature of the plasma reactor chamber is usually controlled at 20-200°C, and a higher temperature is required to ensure the stability of the material in the plasma atmosphere, which is not limited here.

In some specific embodiments, as shown in FIG1 , the lithium dendrite suppression device further comprises:

A support assembly, wherein the support assembly and the high-energy medium forming assembly are coaxially arranged with the gas pipeline as the axis, wherein the lithium metal battery negative electrode element can be placed on the support assembly.

It can be understood that the support assembly 3 is built into the high-energy medium forming assembly 2, and can be a processing drum coaxially arranged with the high-energy medium forming assembly, using a columnar support to convey the processed lithium metal battery negative electrode element (carbon cloth). Preferably, the material of the support assembly 3 in the high-energy medium forming assembly 2 is corundum or polytetrafluoroethylene. All support columns of the support assembly 3 are changed to porous cylindrical support walls, and the material is preferably polytetrafluoroethylene.

In some other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1 , a portion of the gas pipeline located inside the plasma assembly is provided with a plurality of through holes.

It can be understood that under the action of the high-frequency AC electric field between the high-energy medium forming component 2 and its gas pipeline, the gas can be ionized, and the plasma formed by the ionization can be used for material modification. In some preferred embodiments, the gas pipeline in the high-energy medium forming component 2 is made of aluminum material, and the surface is anodized. The hollow round tube of the gas inlet is made of aluminum material, and the surface is anodized. In order to make the ionization more sufficient and the modification effect better, the gas pipeline is placed in the position interval of the high-energy medium forming component 2 with a plurality of evenly distributed through holes for evenly inputting the gas into the high-energy medium forming component 2. In a specific embodiment, a flow controller 9 is provided at the inlet of the gas pipeline, and the flow controller 9 and the vacuum pump 10 are used to regulate the gas flow and pressure delivered to the high-energy medium forming component 2. The gas used for the high-energy medium can be a relatively pure single gas, such as nitrogen, oxygen, ammonia, etc., or a corresponding gas diluted by a rare gas, which is not limited by the present invention.

In some other embodiments, a pressure sensor is disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the support assembly.

It can be understood that an elastic device is installed between the upper and lower covers of the support assembly 3 and the gas pipeline to facilitate the initial winding of the carbon cloth and control the force applied to the carbon cloth during the rotation and transportation of multiple cylinders to prevent the carbon cloth from being damaged due to excessive force. A pressure sensor is installed at the above-mentioned elastic device; the pressure sensor is coupled to a controller to regulate the opening or closing of the drive motor and the high-frequency AC power supply 6 according to the force value of the elastic device output by the pressure sensor.

In some specific embodiments, a motor transmission sealing port is provided on the shell 1 of the lithium dendrite suppression device, which can separate the internal plasma environment from the external environment. A switchable shell cover with good sealing performance is provided on the upper surface of the shell 1, which is used for adding raw materials, taking out products, carbon cloth winding before processing, regular inspection and maintenance, etc.

In a preferred embodiment, before the gas is input into the high-energy medium forming component 2, the high-energy medium forming component 2 is evacuated for more than 20 minutes to ensure that no other gas remains; after the gas is introduced into the high-energy medium forming component 2, the pressure inside the high-energy medium forming component 2 is controlled to be 1-30Pa.

The present invention also provides a lithium dendrite suppression system for a lithium metal battery negative electrode material, as shown in FIG2 , comprising: a lithium dendrite suppression device for a lithium metal battery negative electrode material, a raw material column, and a product column;

The raw material column transports the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery to the lithium dendrite suppression device, so that the negative electrode material atoms of the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery are in an activated and expanded state, thereby forming a bulk diffusion channel of lithium metal to suppress the lithium dendrite;

The lithium metal battery negative electrode component transfers the expanded lithium metal battery negative electrode component to the product column.

It can be understood that the raw material column 4 and the product column 5 are respectively located at the right rear and right front of the high-energy medium forming component 2, and are both coupled to the variable frequency motor for transmission; an optical sensor 7 is installed near the raw material column 4 and the product column 5 in the lithium dendrite suppression system to identify the critical margin of carbon cloth on the raw material column, so as to switch the driving motors 12 of the raw material column 4 and the product column 5 and reverse the transmission of the carbon cloth to repeatedly perform plasma processing; the high-energy medium processing time is controlled by the driving motor 12 of the product column 5, and usually the time required for the product column 5 to rotate one circle is controlled to be 0.1-10 minutes, and in some preferred embodiments, the high-energy medium processing time is 1-100 minutes.

In some specific embodiments, the production of negative electrode materials for lithium metal batteries is carried out by rolling commercial carbon cloth from the raw material column 4 to the support assembly 3 and then to the product column 5. The high-energy medium forming assembly shell 2 coupled by the high-frequency AC power supply 6 and the central gas pipeline in the high-energy medium forming assembly 2 form a high-frequency AC electric field in the radial direction, ionizes the gas input from the porous gas pipeline to form plasma, and the repeatedly alternating electric field will induce the movement direction of the plasma accordingly, continuously impacting the carbon cloth on the support assembly 3 from the inside and outside to modify it; the system is temperature controlled by the heating and cooling plates 21 thermally coupled to the upper and lower cover plates of the high-energy medium forming assembly; the gas flow and air pressure delivered to the high-energy medium forming assembly 2 are regulated by the flow controller 9 and the vacuum pump 10; the drive motor 12 is used to adjust the rotation speed of the product column 5 and control the residence time of the carbon cloth in the high-energy medium forming assembly 2; the optical sensor 7 is used to detect the carbon cloth residue of the raw material column 4, and when the position of insufficient residue is detected, it will automatically turn off the product column 5 drive motor 12 or switch to the raw material column 4 drive motor 12, turn it on, and reversely transport the carbon cloth for repeated processing and modification.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the specific process of the whole system operation is as follows: firstly, the raw material column 4 is put in, and the carbon cloth is wound through the support component 3 in the high-energy medium forming component 2 and the product column 5, and the upper surface shell cover of the shell 1 is closed and sealed. The controller in the system determines whether the carbon cloth has been wound on the support component 3 in the high-energy medium forming component 2 according to the force data fed back by the pressure sensor, and then generates a control instruction. If it is determined that the carbon cloth has been wound, the vacuum pump 10 is controlled to vacuum the high-energy medium forming component 2 for more than 20 minutes, and the temperature control system is turned on for preheating, and then the gas flow rate is set according to the prompt. After the pressure of the reaction system is stabilized in the range of 1-30Pa, the speed and the number of cycles (that is, the optical sensor 7 switches the drive motor 12 after recognizing that the remaining carbon cloth in the raw material column is less than the critical value, and the product column 5 is used as the raw material column 4, and the number of cycles for reverse transmission of carbon cloth for processing) is turned on the raw material column 4 drive motor, and the high-frequency AC power supply 6 is turned on synchronously to start plasma modification. If it is determined that there is no carbon cloth wound, a buzzer warning sound is issued to prompt confirmation of the loading of the carbon cloth. After the processing is completed, the controller automatically turns off the drive motor 12, the high-frequency AC power supply 6 and the temperature control system and emits a buzzer prompt sound. The operator turns off the flow of the gas cylinder 8 and the vacuum pump 10, opens the exhaust valve to make the internal pressure of the reactor consistent with the external pressure before taking out the product column 5.

The present invention also provides a method for inhibiting lithium dendrites of a negative electrode material of a lithium metal battery, comprising:

Placing a negative electrode component of a lithium metal battery into a casing;

A high-energy medium is formed in the shell, so that the negative electrode material atoms of the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery are in an activated and expanded state, thereby forming a bulk diffusion channel of lithium metal to inhibit the lithium dendrites.

It can be understood that the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery is carbon cloth, and the high-energy medium forming component is preferably a plasma reactor. The carbon is arranged in the plasma reactor, and the plasma reactor is turned on to generate plasma. The plasma continuously impacts the carbon cloth from the inside and outside, and elements are doped and defected on the surface and inside of the carbon cloth material, opening the bulk diffusion channel of lithium metal, and then forming the bulk diffusion channel of lithium metal to inhibit lithium dendrites.

In some specific embodiments, the lithium dendrite inhibition method further comprises:

The gaps between the negative electrode material atoms of the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery are doped with a modified medium to improve the affinity between the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery and lithium.

It can be understood that by modifying the carbon cloth using the plasma atmosphere generated by the ionized gas of a high-frequency AC battery, element doping and atomic-level defect sites can be introduced on the surface and inside of the carbon cloth, thereby greatly enhancing the affinity between the carbon atomic layer and lithium, and reducing the nucleation and diffusion energy barriers of lithium; in addition, the internal atomic layer of the plasma-modified carbon cloth will expand the structural layer and the interlayer spacing due to the introduction of high-energy ions, which also provides the possibility for lithium transport in the bulk of the carbon cloth material and reduces the migration energy barrier within the layer.

The present invention provides a lithium dendrite suppression device, system and method for negative electrode materials of lithium metal batteries. By setting a high-energy medium forming component, a supporting component, a raw material column and a product column, combined with the theoretical basis of lithium-philic modification of negative electrode current collector to suppress lithium dendrites, the plasma atmosphere generated by the ionized gas of a high-frequency alternating current battery is used to modify the carbon cloth, and element doping and atomic-level defect sites can be introduced on the surface and inside of the carbon cloth, thereby greatly enhancing the affinity between the carbon atom layer and lithium, and reducing the nucleation and diffusion energy barriers of lithium; in addition, the internal atomic layer of the plasma-modified carbon cloth will expand due to the introduction of high-energy ions, and the interlayer spacing will expand, which also provides the possibility for lithium to be transported in the bulk phase of the carbon cloth material, and reduces the migration energy barrier in the layer. In general, the plasma-modified carbon cloth can reduce the nucleation and diffusion energy barriers of lithium by providing lithium-philic sites, and has a large interlayer spacing of carbon atoms, which can reduce the migration energy barrier of lithium in the bulk phase. Plasma treatment will not introduce impurities and pollutants brought by chemical treatment, and the rotation of the processing drum provides a more uniform and controllable treatment effect, and the influence on the structural strength and conductivity of the electrode itself under appropriate process conditions can be ignored.

In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiment of this specification. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction. The above description is only an embodiment of the embodiment of this specification and is not intended to limit the embodiment of this specification. For those skilled in the art, the embodiment of this specification may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the embodiment of this specification shall be included in the scope of the claims of the embodiment of this specification.

Claims (8)

1. A lithium dendrite suppression device for a lithium metal battery negative electrode material, comprising: A housing in which a negative electrode element of a lithium metal battery can be placed; and A high-energy medium forming component can form a high-energy medium in the shell, so that the negative electrode material atoms of the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery are in an expanded state, thereby forming a bulk diffusion channel of lithium metal to inhibit the lithium dendrites; the negative electrode material is carbon cloth; The high-energy medium forming assembly includes: a gas pipeline, a high-frequency AC power supply, and a heating and cooling plate; The gas pipeline comprises a gas inlet and two outlets, one of which is connected to a vacuum pump, the other is connected to an exhaust valve, and the gas inlet is connected to a gas cylinder; The high-frequency AC power source is coupled to the gas inlet end of the gas pipeline and the inner wall of the high-energy medium forming component, wherein the inner wall of the high-energy medium forming component is coupled to a grounding wire; A heating and cooling plate is respectively disposed at both ends of the high-energy medium forming component, and the heating and cooling plate is coupled to a temperature control system; The lithium dendrite suppression device further comprises: A support assembly, wherein the support assembly and the high-energy medium forming assembly are coaxially arranged with the gas pipeline as the axis, wherein the lithium metal battery negative electrode element can be placed on the support assembly. 2. The lithium dendrite suppression device according to claim 1 is characterized in that a plurality of through holes are provided on a portion of the gas pipeline located inside the high-energy medium forming component. 3. The lithium dendrite suppression device according to claim 1 is characterized in that a flow controller is provided at the inlet of the gas pipeline. 4. The lithium dendrite suppression device according to claim 1 is characterized in that a pressure sensor is provided between the upper and lower covers of the support assembly and the gas pipeline. 5. The lithium dendrite suppression device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the high-energy medium can be one of nitrogen, oxygen, and ammonia. 6. A lithium dendrite suppression system for a lithium metal battery negative electrode material, characterized in that it comprises: a raw material column, a product column, and a lithium dendrite suppression device for a lithium metal battery negative electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 5; The raw material column transports the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery to the lithium dendrite suppression device, so that the negative electrode material atoms of the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery are in an activated and expanded state, thereby forming a bulk diffusion channel of lithium metal to suppress the lithium dendrite; The support assembly transfers the expanded negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery to the product column. 7. A method for suppressing lithium dendrites of a negative electrode material of a lithium metal battery using the lithium dendrite suppression device of a negative electrode material of a lithium metal battery as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: The negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery is transferred into a housing through a raw material column; A high-energy medium is formed in the shell, so that the negative electrode material atoms of the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery are in an activated and expanded state, thereby forming a bulk diffusion channel of lithium metal to inhibit the lithium dendrites. 8. The lithium dendrite suppression method according to claim 7, characterized in that the lithium dendrite suppression method further comprises: The gaps between the negative electrode material atoms of the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery are doped with a modified medium to improve the affinity between the negative electrode element of the lithium metal battery and lithium.