CN114693705B - Pointer instrument measured value reading method, device and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种指针式仪表测量值读取方法、装置及系统，方法包括：利用几何方法计算出仪表的中心位置；计算出第一质心；以所述第一质心为圆心在所述像素区域上创建第一掩膜图像；将所述光学图像与灰度填充后的图像求差后得到差值图像；获取差值图像的孔洞填充图像，将孔洞填充图像与第一掩膜图像进行与运算得到仪表光学图像的圆盘图像；根据指针区域中像素点的分布特征获取指针区域对应的指针长度；将第二掩膜图像与所述圆盘图像进行与运算，得到目标图像；获取目标图像中各个连通域区域的第二质心，根据第一质心与各个第二质心的连线之间的夹角识别出仪表的测量值。应用本发明，相对于人工读取，无需进行肉眼辨别过程，速度更快。
The present invention discloses a method, device and system for reading the measured value of a pointer-type instrument. The method includes: using a geometric method to calculate the center position of the instrument; calculating a first centroid; creating a first mask image on the pixel area with the first centroid as the center of the circle; subtracting the optical image from the grayscale-filled image to obtain a difference image; obtaining a hole-filled image of the difference image, performing an AND operation on the hole-filled image and the first mask image to obtain a disk image of the instrument optical image; obtaining a pointer length corresponding to the pointer area according to the distribution characteristics of the pixel points in the pointer area; performing an AND operation on the second mask image and the disk image to obtain a target image; obtaining the second centroid of each connected domain area in the target image, and identifying the measured value of the instrument according to the angle between the first centroid and each second centroid. The application of the present invention is faster than manual reading, and there is no need to perform the naked eye identification process.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及图像处理技术领域，更具体涉及一种指针式仪表测量值读取方法、装置及系统。The present invention relates to the field of image processing technology, and more specifically to a method, device and system for reading measurement values of a pointer-type instrument.
背景技术Background Art
指针式仪表以结构简单，价格低廉的优点被广泛的应用于石油化工、通暖设备、发电厂等各领域。但由于指针式仪表大多用在环境复杂的场合，尤其在化工生产中，化工生产流程中存在大量的诸如压力、温度、湿度、流体速度等参数的监控。如果完全依靠人工读取，一方面存在读取速度不高、容易出错，而且数据容易被伪造的问题。Pointer instruments are widely used in petrochemical, heating equipment, power plants and other fields due to their simple structure and low price. However, pointer instruments are mostly used in complex environments, especially in chemical production, where a large number of parameters such as pressure, temperature, humidity, fluid velocity, etc. need to be monitored. If they are completely dependent on manual reading, there are problems such as low reading speed, easy errors, and easy data falsification.
因此，如何通过技术手段实现指针式仪表测量值的快速读取是亟待解决的技术问题。Therefore, how to achieve rapid reading of the measured values of pointer instruments through technical means is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供了一种指针式仪表测量值读取方法及装置，以实现指针式仪表测量值的快速读取。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and a device for reading the measured value of a pointer-type instrument, so as to realize the rapid reading of the measured value of the pointer-type instrument.
本发明是通过以下技术方案解决上述技术问题的：The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions:
本发明提供了一种指针式仪表测量值读取方法，所述方法包括：The present invention provides a method for reading a measured value of a pointer-type instrument, the method comprising:
获取仪表指示区的光学图像，并对所述光学图像依次进行中值滤波、灰度填充以及Hough变换得到仪表的边缘信息，其中，所述仪表包括双金属仪表、磁电式仪表中的一种或组合；Acquire an optical image of the instrument indication area, and perform median filtering, grayscale filling, and Hough transformation on the optical image in sequence to obtain edge information of the instrument, wherein the instrument includes one or a combination of a bimetallic instrument and a magnetoelectric instrument;
根据所述边缘信息，利用几何方法计算出仪表的中心位置；According to the edge information, the center position of the instrument is calculated by using a geometric method;
根据所述中心位置以及仪表的形状提取出仪表对应的像素区域，并对所述像素区域进行二值化处理，根据二值化图像计算出像素区域对应的第一质心；Extracting a pixel area corresponding to the instrument according to the center position and the shape of the instrument, performing binarization processing on the pixel area, and calculating a first centroid corresponding to the pixel area according to the binarized image;
以所述第一质心为圆心在所述像素区域上创建第一掩膜图像；将所述光学图像与灰度填充后的图像求差后得到差值图像；对差值图像进行孔洞填充处理，得到孔洞填充图像，将孔洞填充图像与第一掩膜图像进行与运算得到仪表光学图像的圆盘图像；A first mask image is created on the pixel area with the first centroid as the center of the circle; a difference image is obtained by subtracting the optical image from the grayscale filled image; a hole filling process is performed on the difference image to obtain a hole filling image, and the hole filling image is ANDed with the first mask image to obtain a disk image of the instrument optical image;
利用连通域算法获取所述圆盘图像中指针区域，根据指针区域中像素点的分布特征获取指针区域对应的指针长度；A connected domain algorithm is used to obtain a pointer region in the disk image, and a pointer length corresponding to the pointer region is obtained according to distribution characteristics of pixel points in the pointer region;
以所述第一质心为圆心，指针长度为半径，创建第二掩膜图像，将第二掩膜图像与所述圆盘图像进行与运算，得到目标图像；获取目标图像中各个连通域区域的第二质心，根据第一质心与各个第二质心的连线之间的夹角识别出仪表的测量值。With the first centroid as the center of the circle and the pointer length as the radius, a second mask image is created, and the second mask image is ANDed with the disk image to obtain a target image; the second centroid of each connected domain area in the target image is obtained, and the measurement value of the instrument is identified according to the angle between the first centroid and the connecting line of each second centroid.
可选的，所述获取仪表指示区的光学图像，包括：Optionally, acquiring an optical image of the instrument indication area includes:
将所述仪表的指示区置于相机的画面中心位置，并使用相机获取仪表指示区的光学图像。The indication area of the instrument is placed at the center of the camera's screen, and the camera is used to obtain an optical image of the indication area of the instrument.
可选的，所述根据二值化图像计算出像素区域对应的第一质心，包括：Optionally, calculating the first centroid corresponding to the pixel area according to the binary image includes:
利用公式，计算出像素区域对应的第一质心，其中，Using the formula, Calculate the first centroid corresponding to the pixel area, where
x2为第一质心横坐标；A为二值化图像对应图像中像素点的数量；m为二值化图像对应图像中像素点的横坐标；∑为求和函数；G为二值化图像对应图像；n为二值化图像对应图像中像素点的纵坐标；y2为第一质心纵坐标。 x2 is the horizontal coordinate of the first centroid; A is the number of pixels in the image corresponding to the binary image; m is the horizontal coordinate of the pixel in the image corresponding to the binary image; ∑ is the summation function; G is the image corresponding to the binary image; n is the vertical coordinate of the pixel in the image corresponding to the binary image; y2 is the vertical coordinate of the first centroid.
可选的，所述将所述光学图像与灰度填充后的图像求差后得到差值图像，包括：Optionally, obtaining a difference image by subtracting the optical image from the grayscale filled image includes:
利用公式，I3(x,y)＝I2(x,y)-I1(x,y)，将所述光学图像与灰度填充后的图像求差后得到差值图像，其中，Using the formula, I 3 (x, y) = I 2 (x, y) - I 1 (x, y), the difference image is obtained by subtracting the optical image from the grayscale filled image, where:
I3(x,y)为差值图像；I2(x,y)为灰度填充后的图像；I1(x,y)为光学图像。I 3 (x, y) is the difference image; I 2 (x, y) is the image after grayscale filling; I 1 (x, y) is the optical image.
可选的，所述根据指针区域Z(u,v)中像素点的分布特征获取指针区域对应的指针长度，包括：Optionally, acquiring the pointer length corresponding to the pointer area Z(u, v) according to the distribution characteristics of the pixels in the pointer area Z(u, v) includes:
根据指针区域Z(u,v)利用公式，获取指针区域对应的指针长度，其中，According to the pointer area Z(u,v) using the formula, Get the pointer length corresponding to the pointer area, where:
R2为指针长度；x3为指针区域Z(u,v)中距离第一质心(x2,y2)最远点的横坐标；y3为指针区域Z(u,v)中距离第一质心(x2,y2)最远点的纵坐标；x2为第一质心横坐标；y2为第一质心纵坐标。R 2 is the pointer length; x 3 is the horizontal coordinate of the point in the pointer area Z (u, v) farthest from the first centroid (x 2 , y 2 ); y 3 is the vertical coordinate of the point in the pointer area Z (u, v) farthest from the first centroid (x 2 , y 2 ); x 2 is the horizontal coordinate of the first centroid; y 2 is the vertical coordinate of the first centroid.
可选的，所述第一质心与各个第二质心的连线之间的夹角，包括：Optionally, the angle between the first mass center and the connecting lines of each second mass center includes:
利用公式，计算第一质心与各个第二质心的连线之间的夹角，其中，Using the formula, Calculate the angle between the first centroid and the line connecting each second centroid, where
为对应起始刻度的连通域的第二质心与第一质心(x2,y2)之间第一直线L1的方向向量；a为目标图像F(p,q)中对应起始刻度的连通域的第二质心的横坐标；b为目标图像F(p,q)中对应起始刻度的连通域的第二质心的纵坐标；c为目标图像F(p,q)中对应测量值刻度的连通域的第二质心的横坐标；d为目标图像F(p,q)中对应测量值刻度的连通域的第二质心的纵坐标；为指针区域Z(u,v)中轴线的方向向量；为对应测量值刻度的连通域的第二质心与第一质心(x2,y2)之间第二直线L2的方向向量；arccos为反余弦函数；α为指针与第一直线L1之间的夹角；β为指针与第二直线L2之间的夹角。 is the direction vector of the first straight line L 1 between the second centroid of the connected domain corresponding to the starting scale and the first centroid (x 2 , y 2 ); a is the abscissa of the second centroid of the connected domain corresponding to the starting scale in the target image F(p, q); b is the ordinate of the second centroid of the connected domain corresponding to the starting scale in the target image F(p, q); c is the abscissa of the second centroid of the connected domain corresponding to the measurement value scale in the target image F(p, q); d is the ordinate of the second centroid of the connected domain corresponding to the measurement value scale in the target image F(p, q); is the direction vector of the axis of the pointer area Z(u,v); is the direction vector of the second straight line L2 between the second centroid and the first centroid ( x2 , y2 ) of the connected domain corresponding to the measurement value scale; arccos is the inverse cosine function; α is the angle between the pointer and the first straight line L1 ; β is the angle between the pointer and the second straight line L2 .
可选的，所述根据第一质心与各个第二质心的连线之间的夹角识别出仪表的测量值，包括：Optionally, identifying the measurement value of the instrument according to the angle between the lines connecting the first mass center and each second mass center includes:
根据第一质心与各个第二质心的连线之间的夹角，利用公式，识别出仪表的测量值，其中，According to the angle between the first centroid and the connecting line of each second centroid, using the formula, Identify the measurement value of the instrument, where
T为仪表的测量值；S为所述仪表的量程。T is the measured value of the instrument; S is the range of the instrument.
本发明还提供了一种指针式仪表测量值读取装置，所述装置包括：The present invention also provides a pointer-type instrument measurement value reading device, the device comprising:
获取模块，用于获取仪表指示区的光学图像，并对所述光学图像依次进行中值滤波、灰度填充以及Hough变换得到仪表的边缘信息，其中，所述仪表包括双金属仪表、磁电式仪表中的一种或组合；An acquisition module is used to acquire an optical image of an instrument indication area, and sequentially perform median filtering, grayscale filling, and Hough transformation on the optical image to obtain edge information of the instrument, wherein the instrument includes one or a combination of a bimetallic instrument and a magnetoelectric instrument;
计算模块，用于根据所述边缘信息，利用几何方法计算出仪表的中心位置；A calculation module, used to calculate the center position of the instrument using a geometric method according to the edge information;
处理模块，用于根据所述中心位置以及仪表的形状提取出仪表对应的像素区域，并对所述像素区域进行二值化处理，根据二值化图像计算出像素区域对应的第一质心；A processing module, used for extracting a pixel area corresponding to the instrument according to the center position and the shape of the instrument, performing a binarization process on the pixel area, and calculating a first centroid corresponding to the pixel area according to the binarized image;
求差模块，用于以所述第一质心为圆心在所述像素区域上创建第一掩膜图像；将所述光学图像与灰度填充后的图像求差后得到差值图像；对差值图像进行孔洞填充处理，得到孔洞填充图像，将孔洞填充图像与第一掩膜图像进行与运算得到仪表光学图像的圆盘图像；A difference module is used to create a first mask image on the pixel area with the first centroid as the center of the circle; obtain a difference image by subtracting the optical image from the grayscale filled image; perform hole filling processing on the difference image to obtain a hole filling image, and perform an AND operation on the hole filling image and the first mask image to obtain a disk image of the instrument optical image;
连通模块，用于利用连通域算法获取所述圆盘图像中指针区域，根据指针区域中像素点的分布特征获取指针区域对应的指针长度；A connectivity module, used for obtaining a pointer region in the disk image by using a connectivity domain algorithm, and obtaining a pointer length corresponding to the pointer region according to distribution characteristics of pixel points in the pointer region;
识别模块，用于以所述第一质心为圆心，指针长度为半径，创建第二掩膜图像，将第二掩膜图像与所述圆盘图像进行与运算，得到目标图像；获取目标图像中各个连通域区域的第二质心，根据第一质心与各个第二质心的连线之间的夹角识别出仪表的测量值。The recognition module is used to create a second mask image with the first centroid as the center of the circle and the pointer length as the radius, and perform an AND operation on the second mask image and the disk image to obtain a target image; obtain the second centroid of each connected domain area in the target image, and identify the measurement value of the instrument according to the angle between the first centroid and the connecting line of each second centroid.
本发明还提供了一种指针式仪表测量值读取系统，所述系统包括：摄像机、计算机，其中，The present invention also provides a pointer-type instrument measurement value reading system, the system comprising: a camera, a computer, wherein:
所述摄像机用于拍摄仪表指示区的光学图像，并将所述光学图像发送至计算机；The camera is used to capture an optical image of the instrument indication area and send the optical image to a computer;
所述计算机用于执行上述任一项所述方法。The computer is used to execute any one of the above methods.
可选的，所述系统还包括：通信设备、存储设备以及人机交互设备，其中，Optionally, the system further includes: a communication device, a storage device and a human-computer interaction device, wherein:
所述通信设备用于将光学图像以及仪表测量值发送至存储设备；The communication device is used to send the optical image and the instrument measurement value to the storage device;
所述存储设备用于存储所述光学图像和仪表测量值；The storage device is used to store the optical image and the instrument measurement value;
所述人机交互设备用于接收用户的查询指令，并根据所述查询指令从存储设备中获取对应的光学图像以及仪表测量值。The human-computer interaction device is used to receive a user's query instruction and obtain the corresponding optical image and instrument measurement value from the storage device according to the query instruction.
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
应用本发明，使用基于相机的图像识别计算进行仪表指针测量值的读取，拍照即可得到测量值，相对于人工读取，无需进行肉眼辨别过程，速度更快。By applying the present invention, the measurement value of the instrument pointer is read using camera-based image recognition calculation, and the measurement value can be obtained by taking a photo. Compared with manual reading, it does not require the naked eye identification process and is faster.
而且，本发明提供了与现有技术完全不同的测量值的识别方法，不但可以识别出测量值，而且还可以避免人工读数产生的误差。Furthermore, the present invention provides a measurement value identification method which is completely different from the prior art, which can not only identify the measurement value but also avoid errors caused by manual reading.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种指针式仪表测量值读取方法的流程示意图；FIG1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for reading a measurement value of a pointer instrument provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种指针式仪表测量值读取方法的原理示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of a method for reading a measurement value of a pointer-type instrument provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种指针式仪表测量值读取系统的结构示意图；FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pointer instrument measurement value reading system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例中提取金属温度计的圆盘边缘和粗略定位圆心过程示意图；FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the process of extracting the edge of a disk and roughly locating the center of a metal thermometer in an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例中精确定位圆心的过程示意图；FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a process for accurately locating the center of a circle in an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例中温度计表盘提取的过程示意图；FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a process of extracting a thermometer dial in an embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例中标定温度计指针的过程示意图；FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a process for calibrating a thermometer pointer in an embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例中温度计表盘提取的另一种过程示意图。FIG. 8 is another schematic diagram of a process of extracting a thermometer dial according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明，本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The following is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation method and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.
实施例1Example 1
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种指针式仪表测量值读取方法的流程示意图；图2为本发明实施例提供的一种指针式仪表测量值读取方法的原理示意图；图3为本发明实施例提供的一种指针式仪表测量值读取系统的结构示意图；如图1-3所示，在本发明实施例1中以双金属温度计为例进行说明。双金属温度计是通过两种不同膨胀系数的金属带动指针偏转角度变化来指示温度。当温度发生变化时，由于两种金属的热膨胀系数不同，会带动轴上的指针偏转产生角度变化，在标度盘上指示对应的温度。双金属温度计具有体积小、线性度好、响应速度快、稳定性好的优点。FIG1 is a flow chart of a method for reading the measured values of a pointer instrument provided in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a method for reading the measured values of a pointer instrument provided in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a system for reading the measured values of a pointer instrument provided in an embodiment of the present invention; as shown in FIG1-3, a bimetallic thermometer is used as an example for explanation in Example 1 of the present invention. The bimetallic thermometer indicates the temperature by driving the deflection angle of the pointer to change by two metals with different expansion coefficients. When the temperature changes, due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of the two metals, the deflection angle of the pointer on the shaft will change, indicating the corresponding temperature on the dial. The bimetallic thermometer has the advantages of small size, good linearity, fast response speed and good stability.
S101：利用摄像头，如工业相机获取仪表指示区的光学图像，并对所述光学图像依次进行中值滤波、灰度填充以及Hough变换得到仪表的边缘信息，其中，所述仪表包括双金属仪表、磁电式仪表中的一种或组合。S101: Using a camera, such as an industrial camera, to obtain an optical image of an instrument indication area, and sequentially performing median filtering, grayscale filling, and Hough transformation on the optical image to obtain edge information of the instrument, wherein the instrument includes one or a combination of a bimetallic instrument and a magnetoelectric instrument.
搭建一个双金属温度计温度实时读取系统，包括双金属温度计、摄像机和计算机，其中摄像机的光轴垂直于双金属温度计的表盘，并确保双金属温度计在摄像机的视野范围内；在实际应用中可将所述仪表的指示区置于相机的画面中心位置，并使用相机获取仪表指示区的光学图像。A real-time temperature reading system for a bimetallic thermometer is constructed, including a bimetallic thermometer, a camera and a computer, wherein the optical axis of the camera is perpendicular to the dial of the bimetallic thermometer, and the bimetallic thermometer is ensured to be within the field of view of the camera; in practical applications, the indication area of the instrument can be placed at the center of the camera's screen, and the camera can be used to obtain an optical image of the indication area of the instrument.
摄像机采集双金属温度计的原始的光学图像I1(x,y)，并将光学图像I1(x,y)传输至计算机.The camera collects the original optical image I 1 (x, y) of the bimetallic thermometer and transmits the optical image I 1 (x, y) to the computer.
图4为本发明实施例中提取金属温度计的圆盘边缘和粗略定位圆心过程示意图，如图4所示，对光学图像I1(x,y)进行中值滤波处理得到图4中的(a)图，再对滤波后的图像进行灰度填充，得到填充得到图4中的(b)图像I2(x,y)；然后，利用Hough变换检测方法提取双金属温度计的圆盘边缘C(x,y)，如图4中的(c)图所示。圆盘半径R1，其中，Hough变换检测方法基本原理为，取一个图像平面一样的参数平面，以图像上的每一个非零点为圆心，以已知的半径在参数平面上画圆，最后找出参数平面上的峰值，就对应于原图中的圆心。FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the process of extracting the disk edge and roughly locating the center of the metal thermometer in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG4, the optical image I1 (x, y) is subjected to median filtering to obtain the image (a) in FIG4, and then the filtered image is gray-filled to obtain the image (b) I2 (x, y) in FIG4; then, the disk edge C(x, y) of the bimetallic thermometer is extracted using the Hough transform detection method, as shown in FIG4 (c). The disk radius R1 , wherein the basic principle of the Hough transform detection method is to take a parameter plane that is the same as the image plane, take each non-zero point on the image as the center of the circle, draw a circle on the parameter plane with a known radius, and finally find the peak value on the parameter plane, which corresponds to the center of the circle in the original image.
在实际应用中，当摄像机的中轴线并不完全垂直于仪表表盘时，拍摄出的画面可能存在一定的光学畸变，因此，可以使用仿射变换的方法将图像变换为正视的光学图像。In practical applications, when the central axis of the camera is not completely perpendicular to the instrument panel, the captured image may have certain optical distortion. Therefore, the affine transformation method can be used to transform the image into a normal optical image.
S102：根据所述边缘信息，利用几何方法计算出仪表的中心位置。S102: Calculate the center position of the instrument using a geometric method based on the edge information.
以圆盘边缘C(x,y)为圆周，以圆盘半径R1为半径作圆，拟合出的圆盘圆心为(x1,y1)。Take the disk edge C(x,y) as the circumference and the disk radius R 1 as the radius to draw a circle. The center of the fitted disk is (x 1 ,y 1 ).
S103：根据所述中心位置以及仪表的形状提取出仪表对应的像素区域，并使用最大类间算法对所述像素区域进行二值化处理，根据二值化图像计算出像素区域对应的第一质心。S103: extracting a pixel region corresponding to the instrument according to the center position and the shape of the instrument, binarizing the pixel region using a maximum between-class algorithm, and calculating a first centroid corresponding to the pixel region according to the binarized image.
以圆心(x1,y1)为中心从图4中的(c)图中提取一个矩形ROI图像为图5中的(b)图J1(m,n)，且矩形ROI图像J1(m,n)的长度大于圆盘直径，即2R1，且矩形ROI图像J1(m,n)的高度也大于圆盘直径。在实际应用中，还可以提取一个圆形的ROI图像J1(m,n)，可以理解的是，圆形的ROI图像J1(m,n)的直径应当略大于圆盘直径。A rectangular ROI image J 1 (m,n) is extracted from the image (c) in FIG. 4 with the center (x 1 ,y 1 ) as the center, and the length of the rectangular ROI image J 1 (m,n) is greater than the diameter of the disk, that is, 2R 1 , and the height of the rectangular ROI image J 1 (m,n) is also greater than the diameter of the disk. In practical applications, a circular ROI image J 1 (m,n) can also be extracted. It can be understood that the diameter of the circular ROI image J 1 (m,n) should be slightly greater than the diameter of the disk.
图5为本发明实施例中精确定位圆心的过程示意图，如图5所示，对ROI图像J1(m,n)进行二值化处理得到的二值化图像为图5中的(c)图J2(m,n)，再根据二值化图像J2(m,n)内像素点的坐标分布特征求得其第一质心(x2,y2)如图5中的(d)图所示，质心即为精确定位的圆心(x2,y2)，圆心(x2,y2)对应图5中的(e)图中指针表盘圆心。在实际应用中，可以使用二值化图像J2(m,n)内像素点坐标的平均值作为第一质心，例如，可以利用公式，计算出像素区域对应的第一质心，其中，FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the process of accurately locating the center of a circle in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG5, the binarized image J 1 (m, n) obtained by binarizing the ROI image J 2 (m, n) is shown in FIG5 (c). Then, the first centroid (x 2 , y 2 ) is obtained according to the coordinate distribution characteristics of the pixel points in the binarized image J 2 (m, n) as shown in FIG5 (d). The centroid is the accurately located center of the circle (x 2 , y 2 ), and the center of the circle (x 2 , y 2 ) corresponds to the center of the pointer dial in FIG5 (e). In practical applications, the average value of the pixel coordinates in the binarized image J 2 (m, n) can be used as the first centroid. For example, the formula can be used, Calculate the first centroid corresponding to the pixel area, where
x2为第一质心横坐标；A为二值化图像对应图像中像素点的数量；m为二值化图像对应图像中像素点的横坐标；∑为求和函数；G为二值化图像对应图像；n为二值化图像对应图像中像素点的纵坐标；y2为第一质心纵坐标。需要强调的是，在二值化图像为矩形ROI图像J1(m,n)时，G为矩形ROI图像J1(m,n)内圆盘边缘C(x,y)所圈中的区域。x 2 is the horizontal coordinate of the first centroid; A is the number of pixels in the binary image corresponding to the image; m is the horizontal coordinate of the pixel in the binary image corresponding to the image; ∑ is the summation function; G is the image corresponding to the binary image; n is the vertical coordinate of the pixel in the binary image corresponding to the image; y 2 is the vertical coordinate of the first centroid. It should be emphasized that when the binary image is a rectangular ROI image J 1 (m,n), G is the area encircled by the edge C(x,y) of the disk in the rectangular ROI image J 1 (m,n).
S104：以所述第一质心(x2,y2)为圆心，以R1为半径在所述像素区域上创建第一掩膜图像M1(x,y)。S104: Create a first mask image M 1 (x, y) on the pixel area with the first centroid (x 2 , y 2 ) as the center and R 1 as the radius.
图6为本发明实施例中温度计表盘提取的过程示意图，如图6所示，利用公式，I3(x,y)＝I2(x,y)-I1(x,y)，将所述光学图像与灰度填充后的图像求差后得到差值图像，其中，FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the process of thermometer dial extraction in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG6 , the optical image and the grayscale filled image are subtracted to obtain a difference image using the formula, I 3 (x, y) = I 2 (x, y) - I 1 (x, y), where:
I3(x,y)为差值图像，如图6中的(c)图；I2(x,y)为灰度填充后的图像，如图6中的(b)图；I1(x,y)为光学图像，如图6中的(a)图。I 3 (x, y) is a difference image, as shown in FIG6 (c); I 2 (x, y) is an image after grayscale filling, as shown in FIG6 (b); I 1 (x, y) is an optical image, as shown in FIG6 (a).
对差值图像I3(x,y)进行孔洞填充处理，得到孔洞填充图像I4(x,y)，将孔洞填充图像I4(x,y)与第一掩膜图像M1(x,y)进行与运算得到仪表光学图像的圆盘图像I5(x,y)。The difference image I 3 (x, y) is subjected to hole filling processing to obtain a hole filling image I 4 (x, y), and the hole filling image I 4 (x, y) is subjected to an AND operation with the first mask image M 1 (x, y) to obtain a disk image I 5 (x, y) of the instrument optical image.
S105：利用连通域算法获取所述圆盘图像I5(x,y)中指针区域Z(u,v)，根据指针区域Z(u,v)中像素点的分布特征获取指针区域对应的指针长度。S105: using a connected component algorithm to obtain a pointer region Z(u,v) in the disk image I 5 (x,y), and obtaining a pointer length corresponding to the pointer region according to distribution characteristics of pixels in the pointer region Z(u,v).
可以使用现有的连通域算法实现指针区域的识别，图7为本发明实施例中标定温度计指针的过程示意图，如图7所示，圆盘图像I5(x,y)为图7中的(a)图；图7中的(c)图为指针指针区域Z(u,v)。The existing connected domain algorithm can be used to realize the identification of the pointer area. FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the process of calibrating the thermometer pointer in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG7 , the disk image I 5 (x, y) is FIG7 (a); FIG7 (c) is the pointer area Z (u, v).
根据三角关系求出指针区域Z(u,v)中所有点与第一质心(x2,y2)的距离，其中最远距离对应点记作(x3,y3)，其到第一质心(x2,y2)的距离为最大距离记作R2，即为指针长度。According to the trigonometric relationship, the distance between all points in the pointer area Z(u,v) and the first centroid (x 2 ,y 2 ) is calculated. The corresponding point with the farthest distance is recorded as (x 3 ,y 3 ), and its distance to the first centroid (x 2 ,y 2 ) is the maximum distance recorded as R 2 , which is the pointer length.
具体来说，可以根据指针区域Z(u,v)利用公式，获取指针区域对应的指针长度，其中，Specifically, we can use the formula according to the pointer area Z(u,v), Get the pointer length corresponding to the pointer area, where:
R2为指针长度；x3为指针区域Z(u,v)中距离第一质心(x2,y2)最远点的横坐标；y3为指针区域Z(u,v)中距离第一质心(x2,y2)最远点的纵坐标；x2为第一质心横坐标；y2为第一质心纵坐标。R 2 is the pointer length; x 3 is the horizontal coordinate of the point in the pointer area Z (u, v) farthest from the first centroid (x 2 , y 2 ); y 3 is the vertical coordinate of the point in the pointer area Z (u, v) farthest from the first centroid (x 2 , y 2 ); x 2 is the horizontal coordinate of the first centroid; y 2 is the vertical coordinate of the first centroid.
S106：以所述第一质心(x2,y2)为圆心，指针长度R2为半径，创建第二掩膜图像M2(x,y)。S106: Create a second mask image M 2 (x, y) with the first centroid (x 2 , y 2 ) as the center of the circle and the pointer length R 2 as the radius.
图8为本发明实施例中温度计表盘提取的另一种过程示意图，如图8所示，图8中的(a)图为圆盘图像I5(x,y)；图8中的(b)图像为第二掩膜图像M2(x,y)；图8中的(c)图像为第二掩膜图像M2(x,y)；图8中的(d)图像中除指针以外的两条直线分别为第一直线L1和第二直线L2。Figure 8 is another schematic diagram of the process of extracting the thermometer dial in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 8, Figure 8 (a) is the disk image I5 (x,y); Figure 8 (b) is the second mask image M2 (x,y); Figure 8 (c) is the second mask image M2 (x,y); and the two straight lines other than the pointer in the image of Figure 8 (d) are the first straight line L1 and the second straight line L2 .
将第二掩膜图像M2(x,y)与所述圆盘图像I5(x,y)进行与运算，得到目标图像F(p,q)；获取目标图像F(p,q)中各个连通域区域的第二质心(a,b)，其中第二质心(a,b)为图像F(p,q)中起始刻度线的质心，第二质心(c,d)为图像F(p,q)中终点刻度线的质心；Performing an AND operation on the second mask image M 2 (x, y) and the disk image I 5 (x, y) to obtain a target image F(p, q); obtaining a second centroid (a, b) of each connected domain area in the target image F(p, q), wherein the second centroid (a, b) is the centroid of the starting scale line in the image F(p, q), and the second centroid (c, d) is the centroid of the ending scale line in the image F(p, q);
连接第二质心(a,b)与第一质心(x2,y2)，第二质心(c,d)与圆心(x2,y2)，分别得到第一直线L1和第二直线L2。The second centroid (a, b) is connected to the first centroid (x 2 , y 2 ), and the second centroid (c, d) is connected to the center of the circle (x 2 , y 2 ), to obtain the first straight line L 1 and the second straight line L 2 , respectively.
然后，利用公式，计算第一质心与各个第二质心的连线之间的夹角，其中，Then, using the formula, Calculate the angle between the first centroid and the line connecting each second centroid, where
为对应起始刻度的连通域的第二质心与第一质心(x2,y2)之间第一直线L1的方向向量；a为目标图像F(p,q)中对应起始刻度的连通域的第二质心的横坐标；b为目标图像F(p,q)中对应起始刻度的连通域的第二质心的纵坐标；c为目标图像F(p,q)中对应测量值刻度的连通域的第二质心的横坐标；d为目标图像F(p,q)中对应测量值刻度的连通域的第二质心的纵坐标；为指针区域Z(u,v)中轴线的方向向量；为对应测量值刻度的连通域的第二质心与第一质心(x2,y2)之间第二直线L2的方向向量；arccos为反余弦函数；α为指针与第一直线L1之间的夹角；β为指针与第二直线L2之间的夹角。 is the direction vector of the first straight line L 1 between the second centroid of the connected domain corresponding to the starting scale and the first centroid (x 2 , y 2 ); a is the abscissa of the second centroid of the connected domain corresponding to the starting scale in the target image F(p, q); b is the ordinate of the second centroid of the connected domain corresponding to the starting scale in the target image F(p, q); c is the abscissa of the second centroid of the connected domain corresponding to the measurement value scale in the target image F(p, q); d is the ordinate of the second centroid of the connected domain corresponding to the measurement value scale in the target image F(p, q); is the direction vector of the axis of the pointer area Z(u,v); is the direction vector of the second straight line L2 between the second centroid and the first centroid ( x2 , y2 ) of the connected domain corresponding to the measurement value scale; arccos is the inverse cosine function; α is the angle between the pointer and the first straight line L1 ; β is the angle between the pointer and the second straight line L2 .
然后再根据第一质心与各个第二质心的连线之间的夹角，利用公式，识别出仪表的测量值，其中，Then, according to the angle between the first centroid and the connecting line of each second centroid, use the formula: Identify the measurement value of the instrument, where
T为仪表的测量值；S为所述仪表的量程。T is the measured value of the instrument; S is the range of the instrument.
应用本发明，使用基于相机的图像识别计算进行仪表指针测量值的读取，拍照即可得到测量值，相对于人工读取，无需进行肉眼辨别过程，速度更快。By applying the present invention, the measurement value of the instrument pointer is read using camera-based image recognition calculation, and the measurement value can be obtained by taking a photo. Compared with manual reading, it does not require the naked eye identification process and is faster.
而且，本发明提供了与现有技术完全不同的测量值的识别方法，不但可以识别出测量值，而且还可以避免人工读数产生的误差。Furthermore, the present invention provides a measurement value identification method which is completely different from the prior art, which can not only identify the measurement value but also avoid errors caused by manual reading.
进一步的，本发明的技术方案中，测量人员可以站在较远的距离，利用摄像头的高分辨率进行远距离的测量值读取，无需测量人员走近温度计旁进行读数，进而保证了测量人员的人身安全。Furthermore, in the technical solution of the present invention, the measurement personnel can stand at a farther distance and use the high resolution of the camera to read the measurement values at a long distance. There is no need for the measurement personnel to approach the thermometer to read the values, thereby ensuring the personal safety of the measurement personnel.
同时，在仪表密集的区域，或者用于安置大量仪表的数据监测面板上，可以使用摄像机将两个或者两个以上的仪表的拍摄到一张图像中，同时识别两个或者两个以上的仪表的测量值，相对于人工逐一读取，可以提高读取速度。，At the same time, in areas with dense instruments, or on data monitoring panels for placing a large number of instruments, a camera can be used to capture two or more instruments into one image, and the measurement values of two or more instruments can be identified at the same time, which can improve the reading speed compared to manual reading one by one.
最后，本发明实施例采用的图像处理算法原理简单，计算量较少，运行效率更高，而且对设备的硬件参数要求不高。Finally, the image processing algorithm adopted in the embodiment of the present invention has a simple principle, less calculation amount, higher operation efficiency, and does not require high hardware parameters of the device.
实施例2Example 2
本发明实施例2提供了一种指针式仪表测量值读取装置，所述装置包括：Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a device for reading a measured value of a pointer-type instrument, the device comprising:
获取模块，用于获取仪表指示区的光学图像，并对所述光学图像依次进行中值滤波、灰度填充以及Hough变换得到仪表的边缘信息，其中，所述仪表包括双金属仪表、磁电式仪表中的一种或组合；An acquisition module is used to acquire an optical image of an instrument indication area, and sequentially perform median filtering, grayscale filling, and Hough transformation on the optical image to obtain edge information of the instrument, wherein the instrument includes one or a combination of a bimetallic instrument and a magnetoelectric instrument;
计算模块，用于根据所述边缘信息，利用几何方法计算出仪表的中心位置；A calculation module, used to calculate the center position of the instrument using a geometric method according to the edge information;
处理模块，用于根据所述中心位置以及仪表的形状提取出仪表对应的像素区域，并对所述像素区域进行二值化处理，根据二值化图像计算出像素区域对应的第一质心；A processing module, used for extracting a pixel area corresponding to the instrument according to the center position and the shape of the instrument, performing a binarization process on the pixel area, and calculating a first centroid corresponding to the pixel area according to the binarized image;
求差模块，用于以所述第一质心为圆心在所述像素区域上创建第一掩膜图像；将所述光学图像与灰度填充后的图像求差后得到差值图像；对差值图像进行孔洞填充处理，得到孔洞填充图像，将孔洞填充图像与第一掩膜图像进行与运算得到仪表光学图像的圆盘图像；A difference module is used to create a first mask image on the pixel area with the first centroid as the center of the circle; obtain a difference image by subtracting the optical image from the grayscale filled image; perform hole filling processing on the difference image to obtain a hole filling image, and perform an AND operation on the hole filling image and the first mask image to obtain a disk image of the instrument optical image;
连通模块，用于利用连通域算法获取所述圆盘图像中指针区域，根据指针区域中像素点的分布特征获取指针区域对应的指针长度；A connectivity module, used for obtaining a pointer region in the disk image by using a connectivity domain algorithm, and obtaining a pointer length corresponding to the pointer region according to distribution characteristics of pixel points in the pointer region;
识别模块，用于以所述第一质心为圆心，指针长度为半径，创建第二掩膜图像，将第二掩膜图像与所述圆盘图像进行与运算，得到目标图像；获取目标图像中各个连通域区域的第二质心，根据第一质心与各个第二质心的连线之间的夹角识别出仪表的测量值。The recognition module is used to create a second mask image with the first centroid as the center of the circle and the pointer length as the radius, and perform an AND operation on the second mask image and the disk image to obtain a target image; obtain the second centroid of each connected domain area in the target image, and identify the measurement value of the instrument according to the angle between the first centroid and the connecting line of each second centroid.
实施例3Example 3
本发明实施例3提供了一种指针式仪表测量值读取系统，所述系统包括：摄像机、计算机，其中，Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a pointer-type instrument measurement value reading system, the system comprising: a camera, a computer, wherein:
所述摄像机用于拍摄仪表指示区的光学图像，并将所述光学图像发送至计算机；The camera is used to capture an optical image of the instrument indication area and send the optical image to a computer;
所述计算机用于执行实施例1或2任一项所述方法。The computer is used to execute the method described in any one of Embodiments 1 or 2.
可选的，所述系统还包括：通信设备、存储设备以及人机交互设备，其中，Optionally, the system further includes: a communication device, a storage device and a human-computer interaction device, wherein:
所述通信设备用于将光学图像以及仪表测量值发送至存储设备；The communication device is used to send the optical image and the instrument measurement value to the storage device;
所述存储设备用于存储所述光学图像和仪表测量值；The storage device is used to store the optical image and the instrument measurement value;
所述人机交互设备用于接收用户的查询指令，并根据所述查询指令从存储设备中获取对应的光学图像以及仪表测量值。The human-computer interaction device is used to receive a user's query instruction and obtain the corresponding optical image and instrument measurement value from the storage device according to the query instruction.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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