CN114690520A - Transmitting terminal and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Transmitting terminal and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114690520A
CN114690520A CN202011593325.7A CN202011593325A CN114690520A CN 114690520 A CN114690520 A CN 114690520A CN 202011593325 A CN202011593325 A CN 202011593325A CN 114690520 A CN114690520 A CN 114690520A
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light
gaussian
incident
parameter
homogenized
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CN202011593325.7A
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CN114690520B (en
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柴诚哲
吴尚亮
陈俊逸
谢前森
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Ningbo Sunny Automotive Optech Co Ltd
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Ningbo Sunny Automotive Optech Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/14—Details
    • G03B21/20—Lamp housings
    • G03B21/208—Homogenising, shaping of the illumination light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0012—Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0927—Systems for changing the beam intensity distribution, e.g. Gaussian to top-hat
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
    • G02B27/0955—Lenses
    • G02B27/0961—Lens arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0006—Arrays
    • G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0006—Arrays
    • G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
    • G02B3/0056—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses arranged along two different directions in a plane, e.g. honeycomb arrangement of lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
    • H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
    • H04N9/315—Modulator illumination systems
    • H04N9/3152—Modulator illumination systems for shaping the light beam

Abstract

The application provides an emitting end and a preparation method thereof. The light source module comprises a point light source capable of emitting Gaussian light. The diffusion plate is used for modulating Gaussian light to form homogenized light, is arranged on the light emitting side of the light source module and comprises an incident surface and an emergent surface which are opposite, and a plurality of micro lenses are arranged on the incident surface and provided with opposite mounting surfaces and incident curved surfaces, wherein the second derivative of the surface type function of the incident curved surfaces is a Gaussian function. The transmitting end can directly shape the Gaussian light, so that the Gaussian light is uniformly emitted, the number of optical elements of the whole device is reduced, an optical system is simplified, the speckle effect can be inhibited, and the transmitting end has the advantages of small volume, low power consumption, high imaging resolution and the like.

Description

Transmitting terminal and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of optical elements, in particular to a diffusion plate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The diffusion plate has great application in products such as head-up display, laser radar and projection systems. A Diffuser plate (Diffuser) modulates the incident light to form a uniform light field at a desired field angle.
As applications such as Heads Up Display (HUD) continue to develop towards multi-content, large screen, high resolution, long distance, high brightness, and small volume, higher demands are made on the diffuser plate.
In the above applications, PGUs (image generating units) based on, for example, a laser light source and MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems) scanning micromirrors can replace conventional DLP-PGUs (digital light processing-image generating units), and have advantages of high imaging resolution, small size, and low power consumption. However, since the MEMS-PGU is a point scanning type, and the emitted light beam is gaussian, the conventional diffuser plate cannot uniformly modulate the light emitted from the MEMS-PGU, and therefore, the light emitted from the MEMS-PGU needs to be shaped in the preamble, which results in a very complex structure of the emitting end applied in the above field.
Therefore, a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art is how to effectively homogenize and modulate gaussian light emitted from a point-scanning MEMS-PGU so as to simplify a transmitting end system and achieve a better imaging effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application provides a transmitting terminal and a method for manufacturing the same that can solve at least one of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.
In one aspect of the present application, there is provided a transmitting end, which may include: the light source module comprises a point light source capable of emitting Gaussian light; and the diffusion plate is used for modulating the Gaussian light to form homogenized light, is arranged on the light emitting side of the light source module and comprises an incident surface and an emergent surface which are opposite, and a plurality of micro lenses are arranged on the incident surface and provided with an opposite mounting surface and an incident curved surface, wherein the second derivative of the surface type function of the incident curved surface is a Gaussian function.
In one exemplary embodiment, gaussian light is incident into the diffuser plate input surface at a fixed incident angle α, wherein the incident angle α may satisfy: alpha is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 15 degrees.
In particular, in one embodiment, the angle of incidence α may be determined by the position of the microlens at the plane of incidence.
In one embodiment, the surface area of the light-incident curved surface may be greater than the area of the spot of the gaussian light.
In one embodiment, the horizontal field angle β x of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light may satisfy: beta x is less than or equal to 42 degrees; and a vertical field angle β y of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light may satisfy: beta y is less than or equal to 42 degrees.
In one embodiment, the determined coefficient value R-square of the second derivative curve fit of the surface function of the photosurface satisfies: r-square is more than or equal to 0.99.
In one embodiment, the determined coefficient value R-square of the second derivative curve fit of the surface function of the light entrance surface may further satisfy: r-square is more than or equal to 0.999.
In one embodiment, the second derivative of the surface type function of the light incident curved surface of any one of the micro-lenses on the diffusion plate satisfies the Gaussian function
Figure BDA0002867488350000021
And
Figure BDA0002867488350000022
wherein x is the coordinate of any one microlens on the diffusion plate in the horizontal direction of the optical path of the Gaussian light; y is the coordinate of any one of the microlenses on the diffuser plate in the vertical direction of the optical path of the gaussian light.
Further, in one embodiment, under the condition that the parameter B1 and the parameter C1 are constant, the parameter a1 is proportional to the horizontal field angle β x of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light; and the parameter A2 is proportional to the vertical field angle β y of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light under the condition that the parameter B2 and the parameter C2 are constant.
With the parameter a1 and the parameter B1 being constant, the parameter C1 is determined by the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light; and the parameter C2 is determined by the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light under the condition that the parameter a2 and the parameter B2 are constant.
The parameter a1 is inversely proportional to the beam waist diameter D of gaussian light under the condition that the horizontal field angle β x of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light is constant; and parameter C1 is proportional to the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light.
In one embodiment, the parameter a2 is inversely proportional to the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light under the condition that the vertical field angle β y of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light is constant; and the parameter C2 is proportional to the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light.
In one embodiment, the light source module faces the center of the incident surface.
In one embodiment, the light source module may include at least one single-point laser and at least one scanning module; or an image generation unit and at least one scanning module.
In one embodiment, the mounting surface of the microlens may be rectangular.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the short side length Lx of the mounting surface of the microlens and the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light may satisfy: lx > 2D; and the length Ly of the long side of the mounting surface and the diameter D of the beam waist of the Gaussian beam can satisfy the following conditions: ly is more than 2D.
In another aspect, the present application provides a method of preparing a transmitting end, which may include: generating a light source module capable of emitting Gaussian light; and arranging a diffusion plate on the light emitting side of the light source module to modulate the Gaussian light to form homogenized light, wherein the diffusion plate comprises an incident surface and an emergent surface which are opposite, a plurality of micro lenses are arranged on the incident surface, each micro lens is provided with an opposite mounting surface and an incident curved surface, and the second derivative of the surface type function of the incident curved surface is set to be the Gaussian function.
In one exemplary embodiment, the range of the fixed incident angle α at which Gaussian light enters the diffuser incident surface may be set to 0 ≦ α ≦ 15.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the angle of incidence α is determined by the position of the microlens at the plane of incidence.
In one embodiment, the surface area of the curved surface of the light entrance surface may be set to be larger than the area of the spot of the gaussian light.
In one embodiment, the field angle β x of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the gaussian light may satisfy: beta x is less than or equal to 42 degrees; and the field angle β y of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the gaussian light may satisfy: beta y is less than or equal to 42 degrees.
In one embodiment, setting the second derivative of the surface function of the light entrance surface to a gaussian function may include: setting the second derivative of the surface type function of the incident light curved surface of any one micro lens on the diffusion plate as a Gaussian function:
Figure BDA0002867488350000041
and
Figure BDA0002867488350000042
wherein x is the coordinate of any one microlens on the diffusion plate in the horizontal direction of the optical path of the Gaussian light; y is the coordinate of any one of the microlenses on the diffuser plate in the direction vertical to the optical path of the gaussian light.
Further, in one embodiment, setting the second derivative of the surface-type function of the light incident curved surface of any one of the microlenses on the diffuser plate to be a gaussian function may include: setting the parameter a1 in proportion to the horizontal field angle β x of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light under the condition that the parameter B1 and the parameter C1 are constant; and setting the parameter A2 in proportion to the vertical field angle betay of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light under the condition that the parameter B2 and the parameter C2 are constant.
In one embodiment, the setting of the second derivative of the surface type function of the light incident curved surface of any one of the microlenses on the diffusion plate as a gaussian function includes: the parameter C1 is determined by the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light under the condition that the parameter a1 and the parameter B1 are constant; and determining the parameter C2 by the beam waist diameter D of the Gaussian light under the condition that the parameter A2 and the parameter B2 are constant.
In one embodiment, the setting of the second derivative of the surface type function of the light incident curved surface of any one of the microlenses on the diffusion plate as a gaussian function includes: setting the parameter A1 to be inversely proportional to the beam waist diameter D of the Gaussian light under the condition that the horizontal field angle betax of the homogenized light in the light path direction of the homogenized light is constant; and the parameter C1 is set to be proportional to the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light.
In one embodiment, the setting of the second derivative of the surface type function of the light incident curved surface of any one of the microlenses on the diffusion plate as a gaussian function includes: setting the parameter a2 to be inversely proportional to the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light under the condition that the vertical field angle β y of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light is constant; and setting the parameter C2 to be proportional to the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light.
In one embodiment, generating a light source module including a light source that can emit gaussian light may include: at least one single-point laser or one image generation unit is arranged at the light source module to generate Gaussian light, and at least one scanning module is arranged to scan the Gaussian light.
In one embodiment, the mounting surface of the microlens may be provided as a rectangular plane.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the disposing the mounting surfaces of the microlenses to be rectangular may include: setting the short side length Lx of the mounting surface to be more than twice the beam waist diameter D of the Gaussian light; and setting the long side length Ly of the mounting surface to be larger than twice the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light.
In one embodiment, the method comprises: and arranging the light source module to be opposite to the center of the incident surface.
In one embodiment, the determined coefficient value R-square of the second derivative curve fit of the surface function of the photosurface satisfies: r-square is more than or equal to 0.99.
In one embodiment, the determined coefficient value R-square of the second derivative curve fit of the surface function of the light entrance surface may further satisfy: r-square is more than or equal to 0.999.
The application provides an emitting end and a preparation method thereof, a plurality of micro lenses are arranged on a diffusion plate of the emitting end, and the second derivative of a surface function of a light incidence curved surface of each micro lens is a Gaussian function, so that Gaussian light emitted by a light source module can be directly shaped and emitted uniformly, the number of optical elements of the emitting end is reduced, and the optical system is optimized. Meanwhile, the size of the light incidence curved surface of the single micro lens on the diffusion plate is set to be larger than the area of the light spot of the Gaussian beam, so that the energy of the Gaussian beam can be concentrated on one micro lens, and the speckle effect is effectively inhibited. In addition, the transmitting terminal that this application provided compares with traditional transmitting terminal, has advantages such as small, low and the imaging resolution ratio height of consumption.
Drawings
Other features, objects, and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a diffuser plate according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structural design of the micro-lenses on the diffuser plate according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structural design of the micro-lenses on the diffuser plate according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the calculated change in the surface profile of the microlenses on the diffuser plate according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a first derivative plot of a surface function of the light entrance surface of the microlenses on the diffuser plate according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a graph of second derivative of the surface function of the light incident surface of the microlenses on the diffuser plate according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the intensity distribution of the exiting light field at the emitting end according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a light intensity distribution plot of the overall field angle of the exiting light field at the emitting end according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a light intensity distribution diagram of the emergent light field of the emitting end of FIG. 9 in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, respectively;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the intensity distribution of the exiting light field at the emitting end according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 12 is a light intensity profile of the overall field angle of the exiting light field at the emitting end according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 13 is a diagram of the light intensity distribution of the emergent light field of the emitting end of FIG. 12 in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, respectively; and
fig. 14 is a flow chart of a method of preparing a transmitting end according to another embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present application, various aspects of the present application will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description is merely illustrative of exemplary embodiments of the present application and does not limit the scope of the present application in any way. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification. The expression "and/or" includes any one of the items listed in relation and any combination of any two or more. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the related invention are shown in the drawings.
The features described in this application may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples described in this application. Rather, the examples described in this application are provided merely to illustrate some of the many possible ways to implement the methods, apparatuses, and/or systems described in this application, which will be apparent after understanding the disclosure of this application.
Use of the word "may" with respect to an example or embodiment (e.g., with respect to what an example or embodiment may include or implement) means that there is at least one example or embodiment that includes or implements such a feature, and all examples or embodiments are not so limited.
It should be noted that in the present description, the expressions first, second, third, etc. are used only to distinguish one feature from another, and do not indicate any limitation on the features, and do not particularly indicate any precedence order.
In the drawings, the thickness, size, and shape of each component may have been slightly exaggerated for convenience of explanation. The figures are purely diagrammatic and not drawn to scale.
Throughout the specification, when an element is described as being "on," "connected to" or "coupled to" another element, for example, it can be directly on, "connected to" or "coupled to" the other element, or one or more other elements may be present between the element and the other element. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on," "directly connected to" or "directly coupled to" another element, there may be no other elements intervening between the element and the other element.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "upper," "below … …," and "lower," may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element's relationship to another element as illustrated in the figures. Such spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "upper" relative to other elements would then be "below" or "lower" relative to the other elements. Thus, the phrase "above … …" includes both orientations "above … …" and "below … …" depending on the spatial orientation of the device. The device may also be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It will be further understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "has," "having," "includes" and/or "including," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. Moreover, when a statement such as "at least one of" appears in the list of listed features, that statement modifies all features in the list rather than merely individual elements in the list.
As used herein, the terms "approximately," "about," and the like are used as words of table approximation and not as words of table degree, and are intended to account for inherent deviations in measured or calculated values that can be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
In addition, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. In addition, unless explicitly defined or contradicted by context, the specific steps included in the methods described herein are not necessarily limited to the order described, but can be performed in any order or in parallel.
Exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a diffuser plate according to an embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the emission end 100 provided in the present application may include a diffusion plate 110 and a light source module 120. The diffusion plate 110 may be disposed at a light emitting side of the light source module 120. The diffusion plate 110 may include an incident surface and an exit surface opposite to each other, the light source module 120 includes a point light source capable of emitting gaussian light, and the gaussian light emitted from the light source module 120 is modulated and shaped by the diffusion plate 110 to be emitted uniformly. Alternatively, the center O of the incident surface of the diffusion plate 110 may be disposed opposite to the light source module 120.
Further, the diffusion plate 110 may include a substrate 112 and a microlens array, wherein the microlens array may be formed by a periodic arrangement of a plurality of microlenses 111 disposed on the substrate 112. The microlens 111 has an incident light curved surface 111a and a mounting surface 111b opposed to each other. The second derivative of the surface shape function of the light incident curved surface 111a of the microlens 111 may be set as a gaussian function of the position of the microlens 111 on the incident surface of the diffusion plate 110, and the gaussian light incident to the diffusion plate 110 may be homogenized by defining the surface shape of the light incident curved surface 111a of the microlens 111.
The substrate 112 has opposing first and second faces. Alternatively, when the substrate 112 is disposed on the optical path, a surface close to the light source module 120 may be defined as a first surface, and a surface far from the light source module 120 may be defined as a second surface. A plurality of microlenses 111 may be disposed on a first side of the substrate 112 near the light source module 120 to form a microlens array. The first surface of the substrate 112 may be an incident surface of the diffusion plate 110.
In one embodiment of the present application, the light source module 120 may include a point scan type laser light source and a point scan type MEMS-PGU.
Alternatively, in one embodiment of the present application, the light source module 120 may include at least one single-point laser for generating gaussian light and at least one scanning module for scanning the gaussian light. Alternatively, the light source module 120 may also include at least one image generation unit for generating gaussian light and at least one scanning module for scanning gaussian light. Therefore, the light source module 120 can perform scanning irradiation on each microlens 111 on the diffusion plate 110 point by point.
The Gaussian light emitted by the light source module 120 can be perpendicular to the incident plane of the diffusion plate, and can also form a certain angle alpha with the incident plane of the diffusion plate, and the incident angle alpha satisfies that the angle alpha is not less than 0 and not more than 15 degrees.
In one embodiment of the present application, the incident angle α of a specific microlens 111 is determined by the position of the microlens 111 on the incident surface of the diffuser plate 110 and the spatial position of the light source module 120 relative to the diffuser plate 110. Further, when the light source module 120 faces the center O of the incident surface of the diffuser plate 110, the incident angle α of the microlens 111 can be determined only by the position of the microlens 111 on the incident surface of the diffuser plate 110.
Fig. 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams illustrating the structural design of the micro-lenses on the diffuser plate at the emission end according to an embodiment of the present application.
The present application can design the light incident curved surface 111a of the microlens 111 by a numerical calculation method so that the gaussian light incident to the diffusion plate 110 becomes a homogenized light. The following detailed description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Further, it is possible to define the X direction and the Y direction (the first direction and the second direction) perpendicular to each other in a plane in which the first surface of the substrate 112 is located, and define a direction passing through the center point O of the first surface (the incident surface of the diffusion plate 110) and perpendicular to the surface as the Z direction, establishing a cartesian coordinate system XYZ.
A plurality of microlenses 111 may be periodically arranged on the substrate 112 to form a microlens array, and mounting surfaces 111b of the microlenses 111 may be connected to a first surface of the substrate 112.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in one embodiment of the present application, the mounting surface 111b of the microlens 111 may be a plane having a rectangular shape, for example, and the light incident curved surface 111a of the microlens 111 faces the light source module 120 to receive the gaussian light emitted from the light source module 120. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the specific shape and shape of the mounting surface of the microlens, and that the specific shape and shape of the mounting surface can be varied to achieve the results and advantages described herein without departing from the claimed subject matter.
The mounting surface 111b is provided as a plane of a rectangular shape only for convenience of explaining the structural design principle of the microlens.
Specifically, the gaussian light emitted from the light source module 120
Figure BDA0002867488350000101
Enters the microlens 111 at an arbitrary point N on the light entrance curved surface 111a of the microlens 111, and the light refracted by the light entrance curved surface 111a is light
Figure BDA0002867488350000102
Later gaussian light
Figure BDA0002867488350000103
Emitted through the mounting surface 111b, and the emitted light is
Figure BDA0002867488350000104
The slope z of the incident light curved surface 111a in the X and Y directions at the point N according to the law of refraction of lightxAnd zyRespectively satisfy the equation:
Figure BDA0002867488350000105
niand n0The refractive indexes of the microlens 111 and air, respectively, and similarly, the slopes z 'in the X and Y directions at the emission point on the mounting surface 111 b'xAnd z'yThe equation of (c):
Figure BDA0002867488350000106
based on the installation surface 111b as a plane, the slope of each point on the plane can be zero, and the method can obtain
Figure BDA0002867488350000107
Figure BDA0002867488350000108
With reference to FIG. 1, assume an emergent ray
Figure BDA0002867488350000109
The included angles between the XZ plane and the YZ plane and the Z axis are theta and theta respectively
Figure BDA00028674883500001010
Then the light ray
Figure BDA00028674883500001011
Can be expressed as
Figure BDA00028674883500001012
Wherein
Figure BDA00028674883500001013
Figure BDA00028674883500001014
In one embodiment, the horizontal field angle β of the homogenized light formed by passing the gaussian light through the diffusion plate 110 along the optical path direction of the homogenized lightx(horizontal. beta. ofx) And a vertical field angle β y (vertical β) in the optical path direction of the homogenized lighty) E.g. limited tox＝28°，βyAt 8 deg.. The beam waist diameter D of the Gaussian light incident to the diffusion plate 110 may be, for example, 40 μm, and the light intensity distribution thereof
Figure BDA0002867488350000111
Figure BDA0002867488350000112
In one embodiment of the present application, the surface area of the curved incident surface 111a of the microlens 111 is larger than the spot area of the gaussian light, so that the energy of the gaussian light can be concentrated on one microlens.
In one embodiment of the present application, the short side length Lx of the mounting surface of the microlens 111 and the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light may satisfy: lx > 2D. The length Ly of the long side of the mounting surface of the microlens 111 and the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light satisfy: ly > 2D. The size of the individual microlens may be set to 80 μm, for example, Lx ═ Ly ═ 80 μm, where Lx and Ly are the two sides of the rectangular mounting surface 111b, respectively.
According to energy conservation, the average energy E over the field angle satisfies the relation:
Figure BDA0002867488350000113
for the incident ray of any point N in the X direction, the relation is satisfied:
Figure BDA0002867488350000114
the relation between the coordinate of any point N in the X direction and the angle θ can be obtained according to equations (3) and (4):
Figure BDA0002867488350000115
similarly, the coordinates and angles of any point N in the Y direction can be obtained
Figure BDA0002867488350000116
The relation of (c):
Figure BDA0002867488350000117
bringing equations (5) and (6) into the outgoing light
Figure BDA0002867488350000121
Is further based on
Figure BDA0002867488350000122
And
Figure BDA0002867488350000123
the relationship (c) is entirely substituted into equation (1), and a differential equation of the surface shape of the incident light curved surface 111a of the microlens 111 can be obtained. The specific coordinates of each position point on the incident light curved surface 111a can be obtained through numerical simulation calculation, such as a fourth-order Rungestota method.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the change in the microlens profile on the diffuser plate calculated according to one embodiment of the present application.
The curve shown in fig. 5 shows a height distribution diagram of a center section of the light entrance curved surface 111a of the microlens 111 in the X direction.
In order to shape the gaussian distributed light into a uniformly emerging light field, the microlens 111 is required to have the ability to compensate the energy of the central field of view of the gaussian light to the edge field of view. When the intensity of the gaussian light is weak at the edge, the light emitted through the diffusion plate 110 needs to be emitted in the edge direction of the field angle as much as possible to collect the energy.
Therefore, the gaussian light is emitted in approximately the same direction at the edge, and the slope of the incident curved surface 111a in the X and Y directions at the point N is approximately constant at the edge according to the formula (1). The lens curve slope varies little at the edges. In the case where the incident light at the center of the light-incident curved surface 111a of the microlens 111 has a relatively high light intensity and a part of the incident light needs to exit toward the edge of the angle of view, the light exiting to the center of the angle of view and the light exiting to the edge of the angle of view exist in the vicinity of the center, and the slope needs to change greatly in this range to satisfy the above condition, so that the slope change speed at the center is high.
Fig. 6 and 7 are a first derivative diagram and a second derivative diagram of a surface function of a light incident curved surface of a microlens on a diffusion plate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
The first derivative and the second derivative of the surface function of the microlens incident light curved surface on the diffusion plate in the X direction are similar to the first derivative and the second derivative of the surface function of the microlens incident light curved surface on the diffusion plate in the Y direction, respectively, and hereinafter, the present application will be described in detail by taking the surface function in the X direction as an example.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the change of the curved surface slope of the light incident curved surface 111a of the microlens 111 is small at the edge, and the absolute value of the second derivative of the curved surface profile function of the light incident curved surface 111a of the microlens 111 is small at the edge and large at the center. Therefore, the microlens 111 has the ability to compensate the gaussian light center energy to the edge field angle.
Further, fitting a Gaussian function to the second derivative map, wherein the fitted function can be expressed as X-direction
Figure BDA0002867488350000131
Wherein the parameters A1, B1, C1 and the fitting value R-square of the Gaussian function are shown in Table 1 below:
gauss parameter Numerical value Error range (95% confidence)
A1 -19.52 (-19.54，-19.49)
B1 1.884×10-15 (-3.317×10-5，3.317×10-5)
C1 0.02975 (0.0297，0.02981)
R-square 0.9998
TABLE 1
Based on the surface shape fitting value R-square, the second derivative of the surface shape function of the curved light incident surface 111a of the microlenses 111 of the diffuser plate 110 in the X direction can be determined to be a gaussian function.
As shown in table 2 below, in one embodiment, the value of the parameter a1 may be proportional to the horizontal field angle β with other parameters unchangedx. For parameter B1, B1 may be approximately equal to zero since x is symmetric with respect to the origin O.
βx A1
10° -6.956
20° -13.94
30° -20.98
40° -28.11
TABLE 2
The value range of the parameter C1 is mainly determined by the beam waist width of the incident gaussian light. In one embodiment, as shown in table 3 below, for example, the horizontal angle of view β in the optical path direction of the homogenized lightxThe value of the parameter C1 may be proportional to the beam waist diameter at 28 °, as well asThe time parameter a1 may be inversely proportional to the beam waist diameter D.
r(μm) A1 C1
5 -74.75 0.007245
10 -37.38 0.01449
15 -25.11 0.02175
20 -19.52 0.02915
TABLE 3
Similarly, a Gaussian function fitting is performed on the second derivative graph, and the fitted function can be expressed as a function in the Y direction
Figure BDA0002867488350000141
Wherein the parameters A2, B2, C2 and the fitting value R-square of the Gaussian function respectively also satisfy the following conditions.
With the parameter B2 and the parameter C2 being constant, the parameter a2 is proportional to the vertical field angle β y of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light.
With the parameter a2 and the parameter B2 being constant, the parameter C2 is determined by the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light.
The parameter a2 is inversely proportional to the beam waist diameter D of gaussian light under the condition that the vertical field angle β y of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light is constant; and parameter C2 is proportional to the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light.
In one embodiment of the present application, there is a limitation on the surface type of the microlens 111, and the R-square (determination coefficient) value of the second derivative curve fit of the surface type of the microlens 111 needs to satisfy 0.99 or more, and further, in one embodiment of the present application, the R-square (determination coefficient) value of the second derivative curve fit of the surface type of the microlens 111 may also be closer to 1, for example, satisfy the R-square (determination coefficient) value of 0.999 or more, so that the horizontal angle of view β is equal to or greater than the horizontal angle of view βxAnd vertical field angle betayThe value of (c) may, for example, satisfy: beta x is less than or equal to 42 degrees, and beta y is less than or equal to 42 degrees.
Fig. 8 is a light intensity distribution diagram of an outgoing light field at an emission end according to an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 9 is a light intensity distribution diagram of the overall field angle of the exiting light field at the emitting end according to one embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the gaussian light emitted from the light source module 120 passes through the micro-lenses 111 on the diffusion plate 110, and the emergent light field is effectively modulated and homogenized.
Fig. 10 is a light intensity distribution diagram of an emergent light field of the emitting end of fig. 9 in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, respectively.
As shown in fig. 10, a curve H represents the intensity distribution of the emitted light field of the gaussian light emitted from the light source module 120 in the horizontal direction after passing through the microlenses 111 on the diffuser plate 110, and a curve V represents the intensity distribution of the emitted light field of the gaussian light emitted from the light source module 120 in the vertical direction after passing through the microlenses 111 on the diffuser plate 110. Angle width of available field of view is beta'x＝27.572°，β′yThe actual value of the angle of view is close to the design value at 7.878 °.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating intensity distribution of an outgoing light field at an emitting end according to an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 12 is a light intensity distribution diagram of the overall field angle of the exiting light field at the emitting end according to one embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 13 is a light intensity distribution diagram of the emergent light field of the emitting end of fig. 12 in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, respectively. Curve H represents the light intensity distribution in the horizontal direction of the outgoing light field of the uniform light after passing through the microlenses 111 on the diffuser plate 110, and curve V represents the light intensity distribution in the vertical direction of the outgoing light field of the uniform light after passing through the microlenses 111 on the diffuser plate 110.
As shown in fig. 11, 12 and 13, in another embodiment, the light intensity distribution of the outgoing light field after the microlens 111 is irradiated with the uniform light under the same condition, and similarly, the surface shape of the incident curved surface 111a of the microlens 111 can be determined to have the ability of compensating the light irradiated to the center to the edge, so that the incident gaussian light can be output after being homogenized.
The application provides an emission end, a plurality of microlenses through setting up on the diffuser plate of emission end to make the second derivative of the surface type function of the income light curved surface of microlens be the gaussian function, can directly carry out the plastic to the gaussian light that light source module sent, and make the gaussian light homogenization outgoing, reduced the optical element's of emission end quantity, optimized this optical system. Meanwhile, the size of the light incidence curved surface of the single micro lens on the diffusion plate is set to be larger than the area of the light spot of the Gaussian beam, so that the energy of the Gaussian beam can be concentrated on one micro lens, and the speckle effect is effectively inhibited. In addition, the transmitting terminal that this application provided compares with traditional transmitting terminal, has advantages such as small, low and the imaging resolution ratio height of consumption.
As shown in fig. 14, another aspect of the present application also provides a method for preparing a transmitting end, where the method 1000 may mainly include the following steps:
and S1, generating a light source module capable of emitting Gaussian light.
And S2, arranging a diffusion plate on the light emitting side of the light source module to modulate the Gaussian light to form homogenized light, wherein the diffusion plate comprises an incident surface and an emergent surface which are opposite.
And S3, arranging a plurality of micro lenses on the incident surface, wherein the micro lenses are provided with opposite mounting surfaces and incident curved surfaces, and the second derivative of the surface type function of the incident curved surfaces is set to be a Gaussian function.
In one exemplary embodiment, the range of the fixed incident angle α at which Gaussian light enters the diffuser incident surface may be set to 0 ≦ α ≦ 15.
Further, in one embodiment, the light source module may be disposed to face a center of the incident surface.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the angle of incidence α is determined by the position of the microlens at the plane of incidence. In one embodiment, the surface area of the curved surface of the light entrance surface may be set to be larger than the area of the spot of the gaussian light.
In one embodiment, the determined coefficient value R-square of the second derivative curve fit of the surface function of the light entrance surface satisfies: r-square is more than or equal to 0.99.
In one embodiment, the horizontal field angle β x of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light may satisfy: beta x is less than or equal to 42 degrees; and a vertical field angle β y of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light may satisfy: beta y is less than or equal to 42 degrees. In one embodiment, the determined coefficient value R-square of the second derivative curve fit of the surface function of the light entrance surface satisfies: r-square is more than or equal to 0.999.
Specifically, in one embodiment, setting the second derivative of the surface type function of the curved light entrance surface to a gaussian function of the position of the microlens at the incident surface may include:
setting the second derivative of the surface type function of the incident light curved surface of any one micro lens on the diffusion plate as a Gaussian function:
Figure BDA0002867488350000161
and
Figure BDA0002867488350000162
wherein, x is the coordinate of any one micro lens on the diffusion plate in the horizontal direction of the optical path of Gaussian light; y is the coordinate of any one of the microlenses on the diffuser plate in the direction vertical to the optical path of the gaussian light.
Further, in one embodiment, setting the second derivative of the surface-type function of the light incident curved surface of any one of the microlenses on the diffuser plate to be a gaussian function may include:
the parameter a1 is set to be proportional to the horizontal field angle β x of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light under the condition that the parameter B1 and the parameter C1 are constant. The parameter a2 is set to be proportional to the vertical field angle β y of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light under the condition that the parameter B2 and the parameter C2 are constant. In one embodiment, the parameter C1 is determined by the beam waist diameter D of gaussian light with the parameter a1 and the parameter B1 being constant. The parameter C2 is determined by the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light under the condition that the parameter a2 and the parameter B2 are constant.
In one embodiment, the parameter a1 is set to be inversely proportional to the beam waist diameter D of gaussian light under the condition that the horizontal field angle β x of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light is constant; and the parameter C1 is set to be proportional to the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light.
In one embodiment, the parameter a2 is set to be inversely proportional to the beam waist diameter D of gaussian light under the condition that the vertical field angle β y of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light is constant; and setting the parameter C2 to be proportional to the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light.
In one embodiment, generating a light source module including a light source that can emit gaussian light may include: at least one single-point laser or at least one image generation unit is arranged at the light source module to generate Gaussian light, and at least one scanning module is arranged to scan the Gaussian light.
In one embodiment, the mounting surface of the microlens may be provided in a rectangular shape.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the disposing the mounting surfaces of the microlenses to be rectangular may include: the short side length Lx of the mounting surface is set to be more than twice the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light. The long side length Ly of the mounting surface is set to be larger than twice the beam waist diameter D of the gaussian light. According to the method for preparing the transmitting end, the plurality of micro lenses are arranged on the diffusion plate of the transmitting end, the second derivative of the surface function of the light inlet curved surface of each micro lens is set to be the Gaussian function, the Gaussian light emitted by the light source module can be directly shaped, the Gaussian light is uniformly emitted, the number of optical elements of the transmitting end is reduced, and the optical system is optimized. Meanwhile, the size of the light incidence curved surface of the single micro lens on the diffusion plate is set to be larger than the area of the light spot of the Gaussian beam, so that the energy of the Gaussian beam can be concentrated on one micro lens, and the speckle effect is effectively inhibited.
Finally, the above description is only an illustration of embodiments of the present application and the technical principles applied. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of protection covered by the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the features described above, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the features described above or their equivalents without departing from the technical idea. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A transmitting end, comprising:
the light source module comprises a point light source capable of emitting Gaussian light; and
a diffuser plate for modulating the Gaussian light to form homogenized light, the diffuser plate disposed on a light emitting side of the light source module and including opposing incident and exit faces,
the light source is characterized in that a plurality of micro lenses are arranged on the incident surface, each micro lens is provided with an installation surface and a light incident curved surface which are opposite, and the second derivative of the surface type function of the light incident curved surface is a Gaussian function.
2. The transmitting end of claim 1, wherein the gaussian light is incident on the incident face at a fixed incident angle α, wherein the incident angle α satisfies:
0≤α≤15°。
3. the transmitting end of claim 2, wherein the incident angle α is determined by the position of the microlens on the incident surface.
4. The tip of claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface area of the optically curved surface is larger than the area of the spot of the Gaussian light.
5. The transmitting end according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the determined coefficient value R-square of the curve fit of the second derivative of the surface function of the incident light curved surface satisfies:
R-square≥0.99。
6. the transmitting end according to claim 5,
the horizontal field angle beta x of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light satisfies:
beta x is less than or equal to 42 degrees; and
the vertical field angle beta y of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light satisfies:
βy≤42°。
7. the transmitting end according to claim 1,
the second derivative of the surface function of the incident light curved surface of any one micro lens on the diffusion plate satisfies a Gaussian function of
Figure FDA0002867488340000021
And
Figure FDA0002867488340000022
wherein x is the coordinate of any one microlens on the diffusion plate in the horizontal direction of the optical path of the Gaussian light;
y is the coordinate of any one of the microlenses on the diffuser plate in the direction vertical to the optical path of the gaussian light.
8. The transmitting end according to claim 7,
the parameter A1 is proportional to the horizontal field angle β x of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light under the condition that the parameter B1 and the parameter C1 are constant; and
under the condition that the parameter B2 and the parameter C2 are constant, the parameter A2 is proportional to the vertical field angle betay of the homogenized light in the optical path direction of the homogenized light.
9. The transmitting end according to claim 7,
the parameter C1 is determined by the beam waist diameter D of the Gaussian light under the condition that the parameter A1 and the parameter B1 are constant; and
the parameter C2 is determined by the beam waist diameter D of the Gaussian light under the condition that the parameter A2 and the parameter B2 are constant.
10. A method of preparing a transmitting end, comprising:
generating a light source module capable of emitting Gaussian light; and
disposing a diffuser plate on a light emitting side of the light source module to modulate the Gaussian light to form homogenized light, the diffuser plate including opposing entrance and exit faces,
the light source comprises an incident surface, a plurality of micro lenses and a light source, wherein the plurality of micro lenses are arranged on the incident surface, the micro lenses are provided with opposite installation surfaces and incident curved surfaces, and the second derivative of a surface type function of the incident curved surfaces is set to be a Gaussian function.
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CN104049445A (en) * 2013-03-11 2014-09-17 深圳市绎立锐光科技开发有限公司 Light emitting device and a projection system
CN106716185A (en) * 2014-09-30 2017-05-24 株式会社可乐丽 Diffusing plate and diffusing-plate design method
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