CN114689822B - Device for measuring capillary water rising height of soil body on site and using method thereof - Google Patents
Device for measuring capillary water rising height of soil body on site and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114689822B CN114689822B CN202210331443.3A CN202210331443A CN114689822B CN 114689822 B CN114689822 B CN 114689822B CN 202210331443 A CN202210331443 A CN 202210331443A CN 114689822 B CN114689822 B CN 114689822B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for measuring the capillary water rising height of a soil body on site, which comprises: the embedding piece is used for embedding into soil; the water injection device comprises a main body frame, a water injection port and a water outlet, wherein the main body frame is hollow, a frame hole is formed in the upper surface of the main body frame and communicated with the inside of the main body frame, and the water injection port is arranged on the main body frame; the inner layer clapboard can be installed on or separated from the main body frame. And a use method of the device for measuring the capillary water rising height of the soil body on site. The device for measuring the capillary water rising height of the soil body on site is novel in concept and ingenious in design, the problem of low precision caused by the fact that an actual soil body structure cannot be obtained through a check table and a laboratory in the prior art is solved through direct measurement on site, the device is used in a mode that the device enters the soil body from the side position, the spatial position relation of underground water and the soil body to be measured is truly simulated, and the test result is more real and objective.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering construction, in particular to a device for measuring the capillary water rising height of a soil body on site and a using method thereof.
Background
Capillary water refers to water content of underground water rising under the capillary action of pores among soil particles, and rising height refers to the maximum height of the capillary water rising along soil layers or rock stratum gaps from the underground water surface.
After the reservoir stores water, the underground water level around the reservoir is high, and the phenomena of soil salinization and swampiness, building foundation subsidence or damage, deterioration of living environment, increase of water filling or water burst of underground engineering and mines and the like are caused, and the phenomena are collectively called as submergence.
Taking the water reservoir submergence evaluation in hydropower engineering as an example, capillary water rise refers to the condition that after the reservoir stores water, free water in soil rises along a channel and is higher than the underground water level under the gap between soil particles and the capillary force of a soil body at the water storage level elevation.
After the capillary water rises, the influence is exerted on the upper building foundation and the crop root system, and the selection of the normal water storage level of the reservoir is influenced, so that the rising height of the capillary water needs to be accurately judged, and the immersion range of the reservoir after water storage is defined according to the judgment. The capillary water rise height is generally obtained by the following method:
1. an empirical method or a table look-up method, which is used for comparing the types and the characteristics of the soil body to be detected according to the existing data and selecting an empirical value;
2. performing indoor test, namely performing simulation test indoors after a typical soil sample is taken, and measuring the rising height of capillary water;
3. and (4) actually measuring on site, finding an observation section at the point to be measured or excavating, and measuring the rising height of the capillary water after the underground water level is revealed.
Based on the above situation of the existing methods, the existing methods have the following disadvantages:
1. the method adopts an empirical table look-up method, generally, various types of soil are distinguished by name assignment of soil bodies, corresponding data are obtained by table look-up, the numerical values of the soil layers with the same type and name are different due to the diversity of the soil body structures, if the name assignment and the character judgment of the soil body to be detected are wrong, the conclusion is seriously distorted, and the method has low precision and can be used for initial judgment;
2. by adopting an indoor test, because soil is taken from the site and the original structure of the soil body is destroyed when the soil is taken, the numerical value measured under the indoor simulation condition can not completely simulate the actual condition, and the precision is lower;
3. the method adopts field measurement, has large limitation, firstly meets the requirement that a natural underground water level is in a soil layer to be measured, and secondly is difficult to observe under the condition of deeper underground water level; if a pit digging and watering test is adopted, water can quickly seep downwards, the water level is difficult to stabilize, and the condition of stabilizing the underground water level cannot be simulated; in addition, if the problem of submergence of the reservoir after water storage is solved, the underground water level and the soil layer where the underground water level and the soil layer are located are different from those of the reservoir after water storage during testing, and direct comparison or difference exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that in the existing method, the qualitative inaccuracy exists through an experience table look-up method, so that the precision is low, the indoor test method cannot be used for completely simulating, so that the precision is low, the condition limitation of field measurement is strong, the matching performance is low, and the difference between the test and the actual measurement is large.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an on-site measuring device for capillary water rising height of soil body, comprising:
an insert for embedding in a body of earth;
a main body frame which is hollow inside and has a frame hole formed on the upper surface thereof and communicated with the inside of the main body frame,
a water injection port provided to the main body frame;
the inner-layer partition board can be installed on or separated from the main body frame, and when the inner-layer partition board is installed on the main body frame, the inner-layer partition board extends into the main body frame and is hermetically arranged on the lower portion of the frame hole so as to form an accommodating structure with the lower end closed by the frame hole.
Technical scheme more than adopting, because soil body self structure is comparatively closely knit, consequently help whole device to embed into the soil body through setting up the embedment.
The main body frame is the main body skeleton part of whole device, through setting up it into cavity to the water storage is convenient for. The frame hole is used for enabling the water surface to be in contact with the soil body, the main body frame used for forming the frame hole is used for keeping the upper soil body stable, and a contact space between injected water and the upper soil body is reserved, so that a capillary phenomenon is generated.
The water injection port is used for injecting water into the main body frame, and then capillary phenomenon is generated.
The inner-layer partition plate can be used for being installed on or separated from the main body frame, and needs to be installed on the main body frame when the device is embedded into soil, so that the outer part of the frame can be completely sealed, and the soil is prevented from falling down due to vibration and then enters the frame; when the device is embedded into the soil body, the inner side partition plate needs to be separated from the main body frame, so that the water surface is in contact with the soil body after water is injected through the water injection port.
In some embodiments, the insert is a wedge-shaped plate, one end edge of the insert is a blunt end connected to the main body frame, and the other end opposite to the blunt end is a blade end formed as a cutting edge for embedding into soil.
In the preferred embodiment, a blunt end is provided on the insert to facilitate insertion of the device into the body of soil by hammering, and a blade end of narrower thickness is provided to facilitate insertion into the body of soil through the cutting edge.
In some embodiments, the lower surface of the insert is a flat surface parallel to the lower surface of the body frame, the upper surface of the insert is a sloped surface, and one end edge of the sloped surface is connected to the blunt end and the other end edge is connected to the blade end.
In the preferred embodiment, a structural form of the insert is specifically given, and specifically, the slope surface is an upper surface of the insert.
In some embodiments, the upper surface of the insert is a flat surface parallel to the upper surface of the body frame, the lower surface of the insert is a sloped surface, and one end edge of the sloped surface is connected to the blunt end and the other end edge is connected to the blade end.
In the preferred embodiment, a structural form of the insert is specifically given, and specifically, the slope surface is the lower surface of the insert.
In some embodiments, the insert and the body frame are both made of a metal material.
In the preferred embodiment, the inserts and the main frame are made of metal material, so as to use the hardness of the material to cope with the force of knocking and the deformation caused by the pressure generated by the upper soil layer.
In some embodiments, the insert and the body frame are both made of steel.
In the preferred embodiment, the insert and the body frame are made of steel for ease of use.
In some embodiments, the frame aperture is a plurality in number.
In the present preferred, the water and soil joint surface is enlarged by providing a plurality of frame holes.
In some embodiments, the number of the frame holes is four, the frame holes are rectangular, and the four frame holes are arranged in a matrix.
In the preferred embodiment, the number of the frame holes is four, and the frame holes are all arranged in a rectangular shape and are arranged in a rectangular shape, so that better capillary water absorption is realized.
In some embodiments, the upper end surface of the water filling port is higher than the upper end edge of the frame hole.
In the preferred embodiment, the upper end surface of the water filling port is higher than the upper end of the frame hole, so that the water and soil bodies in the device can be confirmed to be always in contact and continuously generate the capillary phenomenon only by ensuring that the water level of the water filling port is unchanged.
The invention also aims to provide a using method of the device for measuring the lifting height of the soil capillary water on site, which comprises the following steps:
determining a soil layer to be detected;
finding out the section of the soil layer to be detected;
digging a shallow groove on the section of the soil layer to be detected;
aligning the embedded part with the shallow groove, and hammering the other end of the device opposite to the embedded part so that the device is horizontally inserted into the soil layer;
the soil layer contacts the upper surface of the device and the frame hole, then the inner-layer partition plate is drawn out, and the soil layer is supported by the main body frame at the periphery of the frame hole to keep stable and not fall off; injecting water into the main body frame through the water injection port, wherein the injected water contacts a soil layer on the upper surface of the device, absorbs water in the soil layer based on the action of capillary force, generates water level rise, and simultaneously observes the capillary water level in the soil layer;
and continuously injecting water, keeping the water surface in the frame hole of the device in contact with the surface of the soil body all the time until the water level observed in the soil layer does not obviously rise any more, and measuring the rising height.
The method is a specific using method and process of the device, and the device is combined to realize the measurement of the capillary water rising height of the soil body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the device integrates pore-forming, soil supporting, water storage and testing, avoids the problem of low precision caused by damage to the soil structure by inspection tables and indoor tests in the prior art through on-site direct measurement, and truly simulates the situation that underground water is positioned below the soil by the device, so that the test result is more true and reliable.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a state of the apparatus in use according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the figures:
the water injection structure comprises an insert-100, a main body frame-200, a frame hole-210, an inner layer clapboard-300 and a water injection port-400.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, an apparatus for measuring the capillary water elevation height of a soil body on site includes an insert 100, a main frame 200, a water injection port 400 and an inner partition 300.
The insert 100 is intended for insertion into the earth.
The main body frame 200 is made of steel in this embodiment, and is integrally made in a box shape to achieve hollow inside. A frame hole 210 is formed on the upper surface of the main body frame 200. Meanwhile, after the inner-layer partition plate is drawn out, the soil body can be kept stable, and a water-soil contact surface is reserved.
In particular implementations, the body frame 200 may be made of stainless steel.
As shown in fig. 1, the water inlet 400 is a separate member protruded from the surface of the main body frame 200 so that water is supplied into the main body frame 200 through the water inlet 400. Whether the capillary phenomenon occurs or not can be judged by the fact that whether the water level drops or not, and meanwhile, the water level is enabled to be higher than the main body framework by directly injecting water to the water injection port, so that the water level can be guaranteed to be combined with the soil body surface all the time, and continuous generation of the capillary phenomenon is guaranteed.
The inner spacer 300 is adapted to cooperate with the frame aperture 210 to provide a closed top surface for the apparatus to provide structural conditions for the formation of the earth mass. At the same time, so as to keep the upper soil body stable during the grooving process of the device inserted into the soil body.
In particular use, the inner spacer 300 is mounted to the main frame 200 to form a structural foundation with the frame holes 210 for forming a soil mass, and also to stabilize the structure of the upper soil mass. The inner barrier 300 is positioned at a lower portion of the frame hole 210 to form a receiving structure having a closed lower end. When irrigation water is needed to enter the main body frame 200 and contact with soil, the device is inserted into the soil, and the inner-layer partition 300 is detached after the device reaches a test position, namely the inner-layer partition 300 is separated from the main body frame 200. When the inner barrier 300 is provided to the main body frame 200, the inner barrier 300 is protruded to the inside of the main body frame 200.
In specific implementation, the insert 100 is a wedge-shaped plate, one end edge of the insert is a blunt end, the blunt end is connected to the main frame 200, and the other end opposite to the blunt end is a blade end, and the blade end is formed as a cutting edge for being embedded into a soil body.
Further, in this embodiment, the lower surface of the insert 100 is a flat surface parallel to the lower surface of the main body frame 200, the upper surface of the insert 100 is a slope, and one end edge of the slope is connected to the blunt end, and the other end edge is connected to the blade end.
In specific implementation, the number of the frame holes 210 is multiple, so as to improve the contact area of the soil body and the structural strength of the soil body.
Further, in this embodiment, the number of the frame holes 210 is four, the frame holes 210 are rectangular, and the four frame holes 210 are arranged in a matrix.
As shown in fig. 1, the frame holes 210 are preferably four for better applicability.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the upper end surface of the water filling port 400 is higher than the upper end edge of the frame hole 210, so that when water is filled in, water can continuously enter the main frame 200, water is continuously filled, and it is only necessary to observe and ensure that the water level at the water filling port does not drop, and it can be determined that capillary action is performed and the water surface and the soil surface in the water storage structure are continuously in contact.
Example two
Referring to fig. 1, an apparatus for measuring the capillary water elevation height of a soil body on site includes an insert 100, a main frame 200, a water injection port 400 and an inner partition 300.
The insert 100 is intended for insertion into the earth.
The main body frame 200 is made of aluminum alloy in the present embodiment, and is integrally made in a box shape to achieve hollow inside. A frame hole 210 is formed on the upper surface of the main body frame 200 for the frame hole 210 to be supported by the main body frame 200 when inserted into the soil. Meanwhile, after the inner-layer partition plate is pulled out, the soil body is kept stable, and a water-soil contact surface is reserved. As shown in fig. 1, the water filling port 400 is a separate member protruded from the surface of the main body frame 200 so as to fill water into the inside of the main body frame 200 through the water filling port 400. Whether the capillary phenomenon occurs is judged through whether the water level of the water filling port drops or not, and the water surface is ensured to be always contacted with the surface of the soil body.
The inner partition 300 is used to cooperate with the frame hole 210 to provide a closed floor surface for the frame hole 210, so as to store water. At the same time, so as to keep the upper soil body stable during the grooving process of the device inserted into the soil body.
In particular use, the inner spacer 300 is mounted to the main frame 200 to form a structural foundation with the frame holes 210 for forming a soil mass, and also to stabilize the structure of the upper soil mass. The inner separator 300 is positioned at the lower portion of the frame hole 210 to form a receiving structure having a closed lower end. When irrigation water is required to enter the main body frame 200 and contact with soil, the inner partition 300 is disassembled, and the inner partition 300 is disassembled after the irrigation water reaches the test position, namely the inner partition 300 is separated from the main body frame 200. When the inner barrier 300 is provided to the main body frame 200, the inner barrier 300 is protruded to the inside of the main body frame 200.
In specific implementation, the insert 100 is a wedge-shaped plate, one end edge of the insert is a blunt end, the blunt end is connected to the main frame 200, and the other end opposite to the blunt end is a cutting edge, and the cutting edge is formed as a cutting edge for being embedded into soil.
Further, in this embodiment, the upper surface of the insert 100 is a flat surface parallel to the upper surface of the main body frame 200, the lower surface of the insert 100 is a slope, and one end edge of the slope is connected to the blunt end, and the other end edge is connected to the blade end.
In specific implementation, the number of the frame holes 210 is multiple, so as to improve the contact area of the soil body and the structural strength of the soil body.
Further, in this embodiment, the number of the frame holes 210 is four, the frame holes 210 are rectangular, and the four frame holes 210 are arranged in a matrix.
As shown in fig. 1, the frame holes 210 are preferably four for better applicability.
In particular implementations, the frame aperture 210 may be circular.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the upper end surface of the water filling port 400 is higher than the upper end edge of the frame hole 210, so that when water is filled in, water can continuously enter the main frame 200, water is continuously filled, and it is only necessary to observe and ensure that the water level at the water filling port does not drop, and it can be determined that capillary action is performed and the water surface and the soil surface in the water storage structure are continuously in contact. The device of the invention is set to be 30-50 cm wide, 50cm long and about 5cm thick.
EXAMPLE III
A use method of the device for measuring the capillary water rising height of the soil body on site comprises the following steps:
s100, determining a soil layer to be detected.
As shown in fig. 2, in order to determine the actual capillary effect of the soil, the soil layer at the corresponding position should be selected for measurement.
S200, finding the section of the soil layer to be detected.
As shown in fig. 2, the cross section of the soil layer, i.e., the sidewall type soil layer shape, is treated from the side.
If the soil layer is buried underground and no section is exposed, digging a pit as shown in figure 2, exposing the soil layer above the bottom of the side wall of the pit, and ensuring that the exposed thickness of the soil layer to be detected is greater than the initially determined capillary water lifting height of the soil layer. At the moment, the whole exposed soil layer to be detected and the exploration pit are both positioned above the underground water line, so that the rising condition of capillary water cannot be directly observed.
S300, digging a shallow groove on the section of the soil layer to be detected.
By digging out the shallow groove, the subsequent nailing device is facilitated.
And S400, aligning the embedded part with the shallow groove, and hammering the other end of the device opposite to the embedded part to enable the device to be horizontally inserted into the soil layer.
In particular a nailing device for facilitating subsequent handling.
S500, the soil layer enters the frame hole and is supported by the inner-layer partition plate, and then the inner-layer partition plate is pulled out.
The soil body of the soil layer is formed, so that subsequent water injection is facilitated, and the capillary water absorption effect of the soil body is detected.
The soil layer contacts with the upper surface of the device, the inner-layer separator is drawn out at the moment, and the soil layer can be kept stable and does not sink because the upper part of the separator is provided with the support frame and the size of the frame hole is smaller, and the soil body has self-stability.
S600, injecting water into the main body frame through the water injection port, enabling the injected water to contact with a soil layer in the frame hole, absorbing water in the soil layer based on the action of capillary force, and enabling the water level to rise.
The water is injected to form a state that water is under and soil is above, and further, the state of underground water is completely simulated.
Through the water filling port to main body frame internal water injection, the water of injection contacts the soil layer of device upper surface, based on the effect of capillary force, can observe the capillary water level that rises in the soil layer.
And S700, continuing to inject water until the water level does not rise obviously any more, and measuring the rising height h.
The water surface is kept in contact with the surface of the soil body all the time.
And continuously injecting water through multiple times of water injection to completely detect the capillary water rising height of the soil body.
The invention provides a device for measuring the capillary water rising height of a soil body on site, which has the advantages of integrating pore forming, soil body supporting, water storage and testing into a whole, avoiding the problem of low precision caused by the damage of a soil body structure through a checking table and an indoor test in the prior art by directly measuring on site, and truly simulating the situation that underground water is positioned below the soil body to be measured by placing the simulated underground water level under the soil layer to be measured by the device, so that the test result is more true and reliable.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a field measurement soil body capillary water rise device which characterized in that includes:
an insert (100), the insert (100) being for insertion into a body of earth;
a main body frame (200), the main body frame (200) being hollow, a frame hole (210) being formed on an upper surface of the main body frame (200), the frame hole (210) being communicated with the inside of the main body frame (200),
a water injection port (400), the water injection port (400) being provided to the main body frame (200);
the inner-layer separator (300) can be installed on or separated from the main body frame (200), when the inner-layer separator (300) is installed on the main body frame (200), the inner-layer separator (300) extends into the main body frame (200) and is hermetically arranged at the lower part of the frame hole (210) so as to form a containing structure with the frame hole (210) and the lower end of the containing structure is closed.
2. The apparatus for on-site measurement of capillary water elevation in soil according to claim 1, wherein said insert (100) is a wedge-shaped plate, one end edge of said insert is a blunt end connected to said main body frame (200), and the other end opposite to said blunt end is a cutting edge formed as a cutting edge for embedding into soil.
3. The apparatus for on-site measurement of capillary water elevation in soil mass according to claim 2, wherein the lower surface of the insert (100) is a flat surface parallel to the lower surface of the main body frame (200), the upper surface of the insert (100) is a slope, and one end edge of the slope is connected to the blunt end, and the other end edge is connected to the blade end.
4. The apparatus for on-site measurement of capillary water elevation in soil mass according to claim 2, wherein the upper surface of the insert (100) is a straight surface parallel to the upper surface of the main body frame (200), the lower surface of the insert (100) is a slope, and one end edge of the slope is connected to the blunt end, and the other end edge is connected to the blade end.
5. The device for measuring the capillary water rise height of the soil body on site as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the embedded part (100) and the main body frame (200) are made of metal materials.
6. The device for measuring the capillary water rising height of the soil body on site as claimed in claim 5, wherein the embedded piece (100) and the main body frame (200) are made of steel.
7. The device for measuring the capillary water rising height of the soil body on site according to claim 1, wherein the number of the frame holes (210) is multiple.
8. The device for measuring the capillary water rising height of the soil body on site according to claim 7, wherein the number of the frame holes (210) is four, the frame holes (210) are rectangular, and the four frame holes (210) are arranged in a matrix.
9. The device for measuring the capillary water rising height of the soil body on site according to claim 1, wherein the upper end face of the water injection port (400) is higher than the upper end edge of the frame hole (210).
10. The method of using the apparatus for on-site measuring the elevation of the capillary water in the soil mass according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
determining a soil layer to be detected;
finding out the section of the soil layer to be detected;
digging a shallow groove on the section of the soil layer to be detected;
aligning the embedded part with the shallow groove, and hammering the other end of the device opposite to the embedded part so that the device is horizontally inserted into the soil layer;
the soil layer contacts the upper surface of the device and the frame hole, then the inner-layer partition plate is pulled out, the main body frame of the soil layer on the periphery of the frame hole is supported, and the soil layer is kept stable and does not fall off;
water is injected into the main body frame through the water injection port, the injected water contacts the soil layer on the upper surface of the device, water is absorbed in the soil layer under the action of capillary force, the water level is raised, and the capillary water level in the soil layer can be observed;
and (4) continuously injecting water, keeping the water surface in contact with the surface of the soil body all the time until the water level does not rise obviously any more, and measuring the rising height.
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