CN114689556A - Device and method for measuring distribution of thermal atom beam - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring distribution of thermal atom beam Download PDFInfo
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- CN114689556A CN114689556A CN202210289638.6A CN202210289638A CN114689556A CN 114689556 A CN114689556 A CN 114689556A CN 202210289638 A CN202210289638 A CN 202210289638A CN 114689556 A CN114689556 A CN 114689556A
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- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
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Abstract
The application discloses a device and a method for measuring distribution of thermal atom beams, which are used for obtaining the distribution of the atom beams along an emergent path by measuring the intensity of a fluorescence signal by using a resonance transition spectral line of laser and atoms. The design of physical structures such as an atomic furnace mouth, a collimating slit and the like influences the distribution of atomic beam current, the design of the existing physical structure only takes a simulation result of the distribution of the atomic beam current as a basis, and the experimental measurement of the distribution of the atomic beam current not only carries out engineering verification on the design of the atomic furnace mouth, but also carries out engineering test on the processing and assembling conditions of the furnace mouth. In addition, an experimental reference is provided for further improving the atomic beam flow distribution by optimizing the parameter design of the furnace mouth. According to the actually measured atomic beam current distribution, the structural design of a physical system is verified and optimized, the divergence angle of the atomic beam current is restrained, the collimation characteristic of the atomic beam current is improved, the atomic loss is reduced, the atomic utilization efficiency is improved, the atomic service life is prolonged, and the monitoring and control on the atomic beam current distribution are promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of atomic physics, in particular to a device and a method for measuring thermal atomic beam current distribution.
Background
In the field related to atomic physics, experiments that resonance transition occurs when atoms interact with laser are often performed by using thermal atomic beams or atomic groups. The atomic furnace generates atomic beams after being heated, the atomic beams radiate photons after entering an interaction area and reacting with laser, and the photons are collected by a fluorescence collecting device and detected to obtain atomic transition spectral lines. However, thermal atom loss, thermal atom utilization efficiency, and thermal atom lifetime are limited by the atomic beam flux distribution. In addition, the doppler effect caused by the divergence of the hot atomic beam is one of the main factors affecting the linewidth of the detected atomic transition spectral line.
In the thermal atomic beam experiment, after the atomic furnace is heated, thermal atomic steam is sprayed out through a collimator of the atomic furnace to form an atomic beam. The collimator is used for improving the angular distribution of the atomic beam, reducing useless atoms scattered into the vacuum chamber and improving the utilization efficiency of the atomic beam. Before entering the interaction region with the laser, the slit needs to be collimated to reduce the divergence of the atom beam.
When the atomic furnace is heated to a certain temperature, the atomic number interacted with the laser is influenced by the flow of the atomic beam, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the atomic transition spectral line signal is determined. The divergence of the atomic beam can cause Doppler broadening, and the line width of the transition spectral line is influenced. The divergence angle of the thermal atom beam affects the efficiency of atom detection and the lifetime of the atoms, and should be minimized.
At present, the design of the collimator tube of the atomic furnace mouth is generally optimized, so that the atomic beam flow is improved, and the atomic beam divergence angle is reduced. By optimizing the design and layout of the collimating slits, the influence of the Doppler effect caused by the divergence angle of the atomic beam is reduced. In practical engineering applications, machining and assembling of atomic furnace mouth collimators have significant effects on the divergence angle and collimation characteristics of atomic beams, and therefore, an actual measurement method and device are urgently needed to evaluate atomic beam flow distribution so as to reduce the influence of machining and assembling and achieve system design indexes. Furthermore, there is currently no measurement method or measurement device to examine the actual impact of the design and layout of the collimating slits on the atomic beam flow distribution.
Content of application
The embodiment of the application provides a device and a method for measuring thermal atomic beam current distribution, and solves the problem that no measuring method or measuring device capable of well evaluating atomic beam current distribution exists at present, so that the influence of processing and assembly is reduced, and the actual influence of the design and layout of a collimation slit on atomic beam current distribution is checked.
The embodiment of the application adopts the following technical scheme: the embodiment of the application provides a measuring device of thermal atom beam current distribution, including physical system, optical system, electrical system, wherein:
the physical system comprises an atomic furnace for emitting atomic beam current, a first air chamber for measuring the plane distribution of atomic beam current, a collimation slit area and a second air chamber for measuring the plane distribution of the atomic beam current after passing through the collimation slit area, wherein the atomic furnace, the first air chamber, the collimation slit area and the second air chamber are sequentially connected in the same direction, and the atomic beam current emitted by the atomic furnace sequentially passes through the first air chamber, the collimation slit area and the second air chamber;
the optical system comprises a laser and a polarization beam splitter prism, the electric control system comprises a computer, an electric displacement platform, a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector, laser emitted by the laser passes through the polarization beam splitter prism and then is incident to the first air chamber and the second air chamber, the outer sides of the first air chamber and the second air chamber are respectively provided with the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector, the output end of the first photoelectric detector is connected with the computer, and the output end of the second photoelectric detector is connected with the laser;
the polarization beam splitter prism is arranged on the electric displacement platform, and the input end of the electric displacement platform is connected with a computer.
Further, set up light window A1, light window A2, light window B1, light window B2 on the first air chamber, light window A1, light window A2 set up relatively, light window B1, light window B2 set up relatively, just the direction that light window A1, light window A2 connect with the direction quadrature that light window B1, light window B2 connect, just the direction that light window A1, light window A2 connect, the direction that light window B1, light window B2 connect all with the direction quadrature of atomic furnace emission atom beam current.
Further, the collimation slit area comprises a partition plate connected with the first air chamber and the first air chamber, and a slit for the atomic beam to pass through is arranged in the center of the partition plate.
Further, set up light window C1, light window C2, light window D1, light window D2 on the second air chamber, light window C1, light window C2 set up relatively, light window D1, light window D2 set up relatively, just the direction that light window C1, light window C2 connect with the direction quadrature that light window D1, light window D2 connect, just the direction that light window C1, light window C2 connect, the direction that light window D1, light window D2 connect all with the direction quadrature of atomic furnace emission atom beam current.
The application also provides a method for measuring the distribution of the thermal atom beam current, which comprises the following steps:
defining the exit direction of the thermal atom beam as a y-axis and the vertical direction as a z-axis, and establishing an orthogonal rectangular coordinate system;
designing and building a light path based on a laser, horizontally placing an electric displacement platform in an x-y plane of the orthogonal rectangular coordinate system, fixing a detection laser incidence light path on the electric displacement platform, enabling detection laser L1 to be incident towards an optical window A1 of a physical system from a direction vertical to a y-z plane, and emitting from an optical window A2 opposite to the optical window A1; installing a first photoelectric detector on an optical window B2, collecting and measuring a radiation fluorescence signal, covering a light shielding plate on an optical window B1, converting the fluorescence signal into a voltage signal by the first photoelectric detector, outputting the voltage signal to a computer for collection, and controlling the electric displacement platform to move in a stepping manner along the y direction and the z direction by the computer to obtain the distribution of the atomic beam current on the y-z plane;
one path of split beam light of the detection laser L1 is vertically incident to the atom beam current from the optical window C1 as frequency-locking laser L2, and is emitted from the optical window C2 opposite to the optical window C1; the second photoelectric detector collects and measures the fluorescence signal in the optical window D2, the optical window D1 covers the light screen, the resonance transition spectral line of the atom is obtained, and the resonance transition spectral line is negatively fed back to the laser to realize the locking of the laser frequency;
the electric displacement platform is vertically placed in a y-z plane after being rotated by 90 degrees, an incident light path of detection laser L1 is fixed on the electric displacement platform, and the light path is adjusted, so that the detection laser L1 vertically enters an atom beam from an optical window B2 and is emitted from an opposite optical window B1; installing a first photoelectric detector on an optical window A1 in the horizontal direction to measure the intensity of a fluorescence signal, installing a light shielding plate on an opposite optical window A2, and controlling an electric displacement platform to move in a stepping manner along the x direction and the y direction by a computer to obtain the distribution of the obtained atomic beam current on the x-y plane;
acquiring the atom beam spatial distribution of thermal atom steam sprayed out from a collimator of the atomic furnace based on the measurement data;
adjusting a light path to enable frequency-locked laser L2 to enter from a front action area window A1 and exit from a window A2, arranging a first photoelectric detector in a window B2 to collect a fluorescence signal, and arranging a light shielding plate in a window B1; and an incident light path of the detection laser L1 is fixed on the electric displacement platform, the detection laser L1 is incident from a corresponding window of the second air chamber and collects a fluorescence signal outside the second air chamber, the steps are repeated, and the distribution of the atom beam current after the collimation slit is measured on a y-z plane and an x-y plane.
Further, in the distribution of the obtained atomic beam current on the x-y plane, in a rear action area, one path of split beam light of the detection laser L1 is vertically incident on the atomic beam current from the optical window D2 as frequency-locked laser L2, and is emitted from the optical window D1 opposite to the optical window D2; the second photoelectric detector collects and measures the fluorescence signal at the optical window C2, the optical window C1 covers the light shielding plate, the resonance transition spectral line of the atom is obtained, and the resonance transition spectral line is negatively fed back to the laser to realize the locking of the laser frequency.
Further, the computer controls the electric displacement platform to move in a stepping manner along the y direction and the z direction to obtain the distribution of the atomic beam current on the y-z plane, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the computer controls the electric displacement platform to adjust the incident position of the detection laser L1, the computer receives the output signal of the first photoelectric detector corresponding to the incident position of the laser, and performs data acquisition and processing, and the process is repeated to complete the two-dimensional scanning of the incident position of the detection laser L1 in the range of the optical window A1; and normalizing the intensity of the radiation fluorescent signal to obtain the distribution of the atomic beam current in a y-z plane.
Further, the computer controls the electric displacement platform to move in steps along the x direction and the y direction to obtain the distribution of the atomic beam current on the x-y plane, which specifically comprises the following steps: the computer controls the electric displacement platform to adjust the incident position of the detection laser L1, the computer receives the output signal of the first photoelectric detector corresponding to the incident position of the laser, and performs data acquisition and processing, and the process is repeated to complete the two-dimensional scanning of the incident position of the detection laser L1 in the range of the optical window B2; and normalizing the intensity of the radiation fluorescent signal to obtain the distribution of the atomic beam current on an x-y plane.
Further, an incident light path of the detection laser L1 is fixed on the electric displacement platform, the detection laser L1 is incident from a corresponding window of the second air chamber and collects a fluorescence signal outside the second air chamber, and a plane distribution of the atomic beam current after the collimation slit is measured, specifically: an incident light path of detection laser L1 is fixed on the electric displacement platform, detection laser L1 is incident from a window C1 and correspondingly exits from a window C2, a second photoelectric detector is arranged in a window D2 to collect fluorescence signals, a light shielding plate is arranged on a window D1, and y-z plane distribution of atom beam current after the collimation slit is measured.
Further, an incident light path of the detection laser L1 is fixed on the electric displacement platform, the detection laser L1 is incident from a corresponding window of the second air chamber and collects a fluorescence signal outside the second air chamber, and the plane distribution of the atomic beam current after the slit is collimated is measured, specifically: an incident light path of detection laser L1 is fixed on the electric displacement platform, detection laser L1 is incident from a window D2 and correspondingly exits from a window D1, a second photoelectric detector is arranged in a window C1 to collect fluorescence signals, a light shielding plate is arranged at a window C2, and x-y plane distribution of the atom beam current after the collimation slit is measured.
The embodiment of the application adopts at least one technical scheme which can achieve the following beneficial effects:
according to the vacuum physical system based on the thermal atom beam, the distribution of the atom beam flow is measured by utilizing the radiation fluorescent signal of the resonance transition of atoms and laser, and the blank of measurement and evaluation of the distribution of the atom beam flow is filled. Meanwhile, the design, processing and assembly conditions of the collimator tube and the collimating slit of the atomic furnace mouth are optimized and checked. Combining the atomic beam current distribution measurement result and the simulation result, the length of the furnace mouth collimator is properly increased, and the diameter of the collimator is properly reduced, so that the atomic beam current divergence angle is inhibited. According to the asymmetry of the atomic beam current distribution, the assembly angle of the collimator is adjusted, so that the atomic beam current is symmetrically distributed relative to the collimation slit, and the collimation characteristic of the atomic beam current is optimized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a measuring device according to the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a measuring apparatus according to the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The application discloses a method for measuring distribution of thermal atom beam current, which comprises the following steps:
and 101, placing atoms in a vacuum physical system, heating the atoms to eject from an atomic furnace, interacting with laser when passing through an incident light window, and collecting and measuring a radiated fluorescence signal in a detection light window. The vacuum physical system comprises a front laser and a rear laser and an atom interaction area, and one laser and atom interaction area is used for measuring the distribution of atomic beam flow; and the other for laser frequency locking.
And 102, fixing a detection laser incident light path on the electric displacement platform, vertically irradiating the detection laser from a horizontal incident light window of the front acting area to the atom beam, and emitting the detection laser from an opposite incident light window to form a traveling wave field. The pair of detection light windows is orthogonal to the incident light window and the emergent direction of the atom beam current. The photoelectric detector is arranged in one of the detection light windows and used for collecting and measuring radiation fluorescence signals and outputting the signals to the computer for collection. The other detection light window covers the light shielding plate, so that the ambient light interference is reduced, and the influence of radiation fluorescence reflection and scattering is reduced.
And 103, receiving the output signal of the photoelectric detector by the computer, acquiring and processing data, outputting a control signal by the computer, and adjusting the incident position of the detection laser by stepping to obtain the longitudinal two-dimensional distribution of the atom beam current.
Step 104, in the above measurement process, the detection laser frequency needs to be kept locked at the center frequency of atomic transition to suppress the influence of laser frequency drift. In the rear action region, the beam splitting light of the same laser is vertically incident to the atomic beam from the horizontal incident light window and is emitted from the opposite incident light window. And the photoelectric detector collects and measures fluorescent signals in the vertical detection window to obtain the resonance transition spectral line of the atoms, and the resonance transition spectral line is negatively fed back to the laser to realize the locking of the laser frequency.
And 105, vertically irradiating the detection laser to the atom beam from the vertical direction of the front acting area, and emitting the detection laser from the opposite light window. And (5) measuring the intensity of the fluorescence signal in the horizontal direction optical window, repeating the step 103 and the step 104, and measuring to obtain the transverse two-dimensional distribution of the atomic beam current.
And 106, acquiring the distribution of the atomic beam along the emergent direction based on the data measured in the steps 101-105. The atomic beam current distribution measuring method is beneficial to optimizing and verifying the design of the furnace mouth of the atomic beam current and testing the machining and assembling conditions of the furnace mouth, reducing the atomic loss, improving the atomic utilization efficiency, prolonging the service life of atoms and promoting the monitoring and control of the atomic beam current.
Similarly, the front action zone can be used for laser frequency locking, the back action zone can be used for measuring the atomic beam current distribution, and the operations of the steps 101 to 106 are repeated. Therefore, the atomic beam flow distribution after the collimation slit can be measured, the Doppler effect caused by atomic beam divergence can be analyzed, and the optimization and verification of the design of the collimation slit in a vacuum system are facilitated.
The principle of the measuring method is as follows: the incident laser frequency and the atom transition frequency are resonated, atoms and laser interact in a vacuum system, transition is carried out from a ground state to an excited state, photons are spontaneously radiated and then return to the ground state, and the process is repeated. When the conditions of laser light intensity, atoms, laser action time and the like are kept unchanged, the fluorescence signal intensity is in direct proportion to the number of atoms. The density distribution of atoms can be characterized by the change in intensity of the autofluorescence fluorescence signal. The intensity change of the spontaneous emission fluorescent signal on the section of the atomic beam is measured in a stepping mode along the emergent direction of the atomic beam, and the spatial distribution sum of the atomic beam can be obtained. Meanwhile, the laser frequency is locked on the atom transition frequency by utilizing the resonance transition spectral line signal of the laser and the atom, so that the influence of the laser frequency drift on the measurement of the fluorescent signal is reduced.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present application provides a measuring apparatus for thermal atomic beam current distribution, including a physical system, an optical system, and an electric control system, wherein:
as shown in fig. 1, the physical system includes an atomic furnace for emitting atomic beam current, a first air chamber for measuring the planar distribution of atomic beam current, a collimation slit area, and a second air chamber for measuring the planar distribution of atomic beam current after passing through the collimation slit area, wherein the atomic furnace, the first air chamber, the collimation slit area, and the second air chamber are sequentially connected in the same direction, and the atomic beam current emitted by the atomic furnace sequentially passes through the first air chamber, the collimation slit area, and the second air chamber;
as shown in fig. 2, the optical system includes a laser and a polarization beam splitter prism, the electric control system includes a computer, an electric displacement platform, a first photodetector and a second photodetector, laser emitted by the laser passes through the polarization beam splitter prism and then is incident into the first air chamber and the second air chamber, the outer sides of the first air chamber and the second air chamber are alternately provided with the first photodetector and the second photodetector, the output end of the first photodetector is connected with the computer, and the output end of the second photodetector is connected with the laser; meanwhile, the polarization beam splitter prism is arranged on the electric displacement platform, and the input end of the electric displacement platform is connected with the computer.
In this embodiment, the first gas cell is provided with an optical window a1, an optical window a2, an optical window B1 and an optical window B2, the optical window a1 and the optical window a2 are oppositely arranged, the optical window B1 and the optical window B2 are oppositely arranged, the direction in which the optical window a1 and the optical window a2 are connected is orthogonal to the direction in which the optical window B1 and the optical window B2 are connected, and the direction in which the optical window a1 and the optical window a2 are connected, the direction in which the optical window B1 and the optical window B2 are connected is orthogonal to the direction in which the atomic beam current is emitted by the atomic furnace.
In this embodiment, the collimating slit region includes a partition plate connected to the first air chamber and the first air chamber, and a slit for passing the atomic beam is disposed in the center of the partition plate. As shown in fig. 1, the region between the slits S1 and S2 is an original clock transition region of the atomic clock, and the slits are provided in this region to suppress the influence of the divergence of the atomic beam current.
In this embodiment, the second gas cell is provided with a light window C1, a light window C2, a light window D1 and a light window D2, the light window C1 and the light window C2 are oppositely arranged, the light window D1 and the light window D2 are oppositely arranged, the direction in which the light window C1 and the light window C2 are connected is orthogonal to the direction in which the light window D1 and the light window D2 are connected, and the direction in which the light window C1 and the light window C2 are connected, the direction in which the light window D1 and the light window D2 are connected is orthogonal to the direction in which the atomic beam current is emitted by the atomic furnace.
The measuring method using the measuring device comprises the following steps:
step 201, defining the exit direction of the thermal atom beam as a y axis and the vertical direction as a z axis, and establishing an orthogonal rectangular coordinate system;
202, designing and building a light path based on a laser, horizontally placing an electric displacement platform in an x-y plane of an orthogonal rectangular coordinate system, and fixing a detection laser incidence light path on the electric displacement platform, so that detection laser L1 is incident from a direction vertical to a y-z plane to an optical window A1 of a physical system and is emitted from an optical window A2 opposite to the optical window A1; installing a first photoelectric detector on an optical window B2, collecting and measuring a radiation fluorescent signal, covering a light shielding plate on an optical window B1, converting the fluorescent signal into a voltage signal by the first photoelectric detector, outputting the voltage signal to a computer for collection, and controlling the electric displacement platform to move in a stepping manner along the y direction and the z direction by the computer to obtain the distribution of the atomic beam current on the y-z plane;
in the measuring process of step 203 and step 202, one path of split beam light of the detection laser L1 is vertically incident on the atom beam current from the optical window C1 as frequency-locked laser L2, and is emitted from the optical window C2 opposite to the optical window C1; the second photoelectric detector collects and measures the fluorescence signal in the optical window D2, the optical window D1 covers the light screen, the resonance transition spectral line of the atom is obtained, and the resonance transition spectral line is negatively fed back to the laser to realize the locking of the laser frequency;
step 204, vertically placing the electric displacement platform in a y-z plane after rotating the electric displacement platform by 90 degrees, fixing an incident light path of the detection laser L1 on the electric displacement platform, and adjusting the light path, so that the detection laser L1 vertically enters an atom beam from an optical window B2 and is emitted from an opposite optical window B1; installing a first photoelectric detector on the horizontal optical window A1 to measure the intensity of a fluorescence signal, installing a light shielding plate on the opposite optical window A2, and controlling the electric displacement platform to move in a stepping manner along the x direction and the y direction by the computer to obtain the distribution of the atom beam current on the x-y plane;
step 205, acquiring the atom beam spatial distribution of the thermal atom steam sprayed out from the collimator of the atomic furnace based on the measured data in the steps 201 to 204;
step 206, adjusting the optical path to enable frequency-locked laser L2 to enter from a front action area window A1 and exit from a window A2, placing a first photoelectric detector in a window B2 to collect a fluorescence signal, and installing a light shielding plate in a window B1; and an incident light path of the detection laser L1 is fixed on the electric displacement platform, the detection laser L1 is incident from a corresponding window of the second air chamber and then a fluorescence signal is collected outside the second air chamber, the steps 201 to 205 are repeated, and the distribution of the atom beam current after the collimation slit is measured on a y-z plane and an x-y plane.
In the embodiment, in the distribution of the atom beam current in the x-y plane measured in step 204, in the rear action region, one branch of beam splitting light of the detection laser L1 is vertically incident on the atom beam current from the optical window D2 as the frequency-locked laser L2, and is emitted from the optical window D1 opposite to the optical window D2; the second photoelectric detector collects and measures the fluorescence signal at the optical window C2, the optical window C1 covers the light shielding plate, the resonance transition spectral line of the atom is obtained, and the resonance transition spectral line is negatively fed back to the laser to realize the locking of the laser frequency.
In this embodiment, the computer controls the electric displacement platform to move step by step along the y direction and the z direction to obtain the distribution of the atomic beam current on the y-z plane, which specifically includes: the computer controls the electric displacement platform to adjust the incident position of the detection laser L1, the computer receives the output signal of the first photoelectric detector corresponding to the incident position of the laser, and performs data acquisition and processing, and the process is repeated to complete the two-dimensional scanning of the incident position of the detection laser L1 in the range of the optical window A1; and normalizing the intensity of the radiation fluorescent signal to obtain the distribution of the atomic beam current on a y-z plane.
In this embodiment, the computer controls the electric displacement platform to move step by step along the x direction and the y direction to obtain the distribution of the atomic beam current on the x-y plane, which specifically includes: the computer controls the electric displacement platform to adjust the incident position of the detection laser L1, the computer receives the output signal of the first photoelectric detector corresponding to the incident position of the laser, and performs data acquisition and processing, and the process is repeated to complete the two-dimensional scanning of the incident position of the detection laser L1 in the range of the optical window B2; and normalizing the intensity of the radiation fluorescent signal to obtain the distribution of the atomic beam current on an x-y plane.
In this embodiment, an incident light path of the detection laser L1 is fixed on the electric displacement platform, the detection laser L1 is incident from a corresponding window of the second air chamber and collects a fluorescence signal outside the second air chamber, and a plane distribution of an atomic beam current after collimating the slit is measured, specifically: an incident light path of detection laser L1 is fixed on the electric displacement platform, detection laser L1 is incident from a window C1 and correspondingly exits from a window C2, a second photoelectric detector is arranged in a window D2 to collect fluorescence signals, a light shielding plate is arranged on a window D1, and y-z plane distribution of atom beam current after the collimation slit is measured. Similarly, an incident light path of the detection laser L1 is fixed on the electric displacement platform, the detection laser L1 is incident from the window D2 and correspondingly exits from the window D1, the second photoelectric detector is arranged in the window C1 to collect fluorescence signals, the window C2 is provided with a light shielding plate, and the x-y plane distribution of the atomic beam current after the collimation slit is measured. And the atomic distribution of the second air chamber is measured, so that the line width of laser frequency locking is favorably improved, and the frequency stability is improved.
In summary, the vacuum physical system based on the thermal atomic beam current measures the atomic beam current distribution by using the radiation fluorescent signal of the resonance transition of the atom and the laser, and fills the blank of measurement and evaluation of the atomic beam current distribution. Meanwhile, the design, processing and assembly conditions of the collimator tube and the collimating slit of the atomic furnace mouth are optimized and checked. Combining the atomic beam current distribution measurement result and the simulation result, the length of the furnace mouth collimator is properly increased, and the diameter of the collimator is properly reduced, so that the atomic beam current divergence angle is inhibited. According to the asymmetry of the atomic beam current distribution, the assembly angle of the collimator is adjusted, so that the atomic beam current is symmetrically distributed relative to the collimation slit, and the collimation characteristic of the atomic beam current is optimized. The design principle of the application is clear, scientific and engineering realizability is achieved, the application prospect is wide, and the application is a leading-edge innovation design in the atomic physics field and the optical field.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a measuring device of thermal atom beam current distribution which characterized in that, includes physical system, optical system, electrical system, wherein:
the physical system comprises an atomic furnace for emitting atomic beam current, a first air chamber for measuring the plane distribution of atomic beam current, a collimation slit area and a second air chamber for measuring the plane distribution of the atomic beam current after passing through the collimation slit area, wherein the atomic furnace, the first air chamber, the collimation slit area and the second air chamber are sequentially connected in the same direction, and the atomic beam current emitted by the atomic furnace sequentially passes through the first air chamber, the collimation slit area and the second air chamber;
the optical system comprises a laser and a polarization beam splitter prism, the electric control system comprises a computer, an electric displacement platform, a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector, laser emitted by the laser passes through the polarization beam splitter prism and then is incident to the first air chamber and the second air chamber, the outer sides of the first air chamber and the second air chamber are respectively provided with the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector, the output end of the first photoelectric detector is connected with the computer, and the output end of the second photoelectric detector is connected with the laser;
the polarization beam splitter prism is arranged on the electric displacement platform, and the input end of the electric displacement platform is connected with a computer.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first gas chamber is provided with an optical window a1, an optical window a2, an optical window B1 and an optical window B2, the optical window a1 and the optical window a2 are disposed oppositely, the optical window B1 and the optical window B2 are disposed oppositely, and a direction in which the optical window a1 and the optical window a2 are connected is orthogonal to a direction in which the optical window B1 and the optical window B2 are connected, and a direction in which the optical window a1 and the optical window a2 are connected, and a direction in which the optical window B1 and the optical window B2 are connected is orthogonal to a direction in which the atomic beam is emitted from the atomic furnace.
3. A thermal atomic beam current distribution measuring device according to claim 1, wherein said collimating slit region comprises a partition plate connected to said first gas chamber and said first gas chamber, said partition plate having a slit at a center thereof for passing said atomic beam current.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second air chamber is provided with an optical window C1, an optical window C2, an optical window D1 and an optical window D2, the optical window C1 and the optical window C2 are disposed oppositely, the optical window D1 and the optical window D2 are disposed oppositely, a direction in which the optical window C1 and the optical window C2 are connected is orthogonal to a direction in which the optical window D1 and the optical window D2 are connected, and a direction in which the optical window C1 and the optical window C2 are connected, a direction in which the optical window D1 and the optical window D2 are connected is orthogonal to a direction in which the atomic beam emitted from the atomic furnace.
5. A method for measuring the distribution of thermal atomic beam current is characterized by comprising the following steps:
defining the exit direction of the thermal atom beam as a y-axis and the vertical direction as a z-axis, and establishing an orthogonal rectangular coordinate system;
designing and building a light path based on a laser, horizontally placing an electric displacement platform in an x-y plane of the orthogonal rectangular coordinate system, fixing a detection laser incidence light path on the electric displacement platform, enabling detection laser L1 to be incident towards an optical window A1 of a physical system from a direction vertical to a y-z plane, and emitting from an optical window A2 opposite to the optical window A1; installing a first photoelectric detector on an optical window B2, collecting and measuring a radiation fluorescence signal, covering a light shielding plate on an optical window B1, converting the fluorescence signal into a voltage signal by the first photoelectric detector, outputting the voltage signal to a computer for collection, and controlling the electric displacement platform to move in a stepping manner along the y direction and the z direction by the computer to obtain the distribution of the atomic beam current on the y-z plane;
one path of split beam light of the detection laser L1 is vertically incident to the atom beam current from the optical window C1 as frequency-locking laser L2, and is emitted from the optical window C2 opposite to the optical window C1; the second photoelectric detector collects and measures the fluorescence signal in the optical window D2, the optical window D1 covers the light screen, the resonance transition spectral line of the atom is obtained, and the resonance transition spectral line is negatively fed back to the laser to realize the locking of the laser frequency;
the electric displacement platform is vertically placed in a y-z plane after being rotated by 90 degrees, an incident light path of detection laser L1 is fixed on the electric displacement platform, and the light path is adjusted, so that the detection laser L1 vertically enters an atom beam from an optical window B2 and is emitted from an opposite optical window B1; installing a first photoelectric detector on an optical window A1 in the horizontal direction to measure the intensity of a fluorescence signal, installing a light shielding plate on an opposite optical window A2, and controlling an electric displacement platform to move in a stepping manner along the x direction and the y direction by a computer to obtain the distribution of the obtained atomic beam current on the x-y plane;
based on the measurement data, obtaining the atom beam spatial distribution of thermal atom steam sprayed out from a collimator of the atomic furnace;
adjusting a light path to enable frequency-locked laser L2 to enter from a front action area window A1 and exit from a window A2, arranging a first photoelectric detector in a window B2 to collect a fluorescence signal, and arranging a light shielding plate in a window B1; and an incident light path of the detection laser L1 is fixed on the electric displacement platform, the detection laser L1 is incident from a corresponding window of the second air chamber and collects a fluorescence signal outside the second air chamber, the steps are repeated, and the distribution of the atom beam current after the collimation slit is measured on a y-z plane and an x-y plane.
6. The method for measuring the distribution of the thermal atomic beam current according to claim 5, wherein in the distribution of the obtained atomic beam current in the x-y plane, in the rear active region, one branch beam of the detection laser L1 is vertically incident on the atomic beam current from the optical window D2 as the frequency-locked laser L2, and is emitted from the optical window D1 opposite to the optical window D2; the second photoelectric detector collects and measures the fluorescence signal at the optical window C2, the optical window C1 covers the light shielding plate, the resonance transition spectral line of the atom is obtained, and the resonance transition spectral line is negatively fed back to the laser to realize the locking of the laser frequency.
7. The method for measuring the distribution of the thermal atomic beam current according to claim 5, wherein the computer controls the motor-driven displacement platform to move in steps along the y direction and the z direction to obtain the distribution of the atomic beam current on the y-z plane, specifically: the computer controls the electric displacement platform to adjust the incident position of the detection laser L1, the computer receives the output signal of the first photoelectric detector corresponding to the incident position of the laser, and performs data acquisition and processing, and the process is repeated to complete the two-dimensional scanning of the incident position of the detection laser L1 in the range of the optical window A1; and normalizing the intensity of the radiation fluorescent signal to obtain the distribution of the atomic beam current on a y-z plane.
8. The method for measuring the distribution of the thermal atomic beam current according to claim 5, wherein the computer controls the motor-driven displacement platform to move in steps along the x direction and the y direction to obtain the distribution of the atomic beam current on the x-y plane, specifically: the computer controls the electric displacement platform to adjust the incident position of the detection laser L1, the computer receives the output signal of the first photoelectric detector corresponding to the incident position of the laser, and performs data acquisition and processing, and the process is repeated to complete the two-dimensional scanning of the incident position of the detection laser L1 in the range of the optical window B2; and normalizing the intensity of the radiation fluorescent signal to obtain the distribution of the atomic beam current on an x-y plane.
9. The method for measuring the distribution of the thermal atomic beam current according to claim 5, wherein the incident light path of the detection laser L1 is fixed on the electric displacement platform, the detection laser L1 is incident from the corresponding window of the second gas chamber, and collects the fluorescence signal outside the second gas chamber, and the plane distribution of the atomic beam current after the collimating slit is measured, specifically: an incident light path of detection laser L1 is fixed on the electric displacement platform, detection laser L1 is incident from a window C1 and correspondingly emits from a window C2, a second photoelectric detector is arranged on a window D2 to collect fluorescence signals, a light shielding plate is arranged on a window D1, and y-z plane distribution of atom beam current after the collimation slit is measured.
10. The method for measuring the distribution of the thermal atomic beam current according to claim 5, wherein the incident light path of the detection laser L1 is fixed on the electric displacement stage, the detection laser L1 is incident from the corresponding window of the second air chamber and collects the fluorescence signal outside the second air chamber, and the plane distribution of the atomic beam current after the slit collimation is measured, specifically: an incident light path of detection laser L1 is fixed on the electric displacement platform, detection laser L1 is incident from a window D2 and correspondingly exits from a window D1, a second photoelectric detector is arranged in a window C1 to collect fluorescence signals, a light shielding plate is arranged at a window C2, and x-y plane distribution of the atom beam current after the collimation slit is measured.
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