CN114688546A - Hot ash returning flow control device and method capable of achieving lateral air distribution and achieving double adjustment of bed temperature and steam temperature - Google Patents
Hot ash returning flow control device and method capable of achieving lateral air distribution and achieving double adjustment of bed temperature and steam temperature Download PDFInfo
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- CN114688546A CN114688546A CN202111637218.4A CN202111637218A CN114688546A CN 114688546 A CN114688546 A CN 114688546A CN 202111637218 A CN202111637218 A CN 202111637218A CN 114688546 A CN114688546 A CN 114688546A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/22—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using combustion under pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
- F22G7/00—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/005—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus comprising two or more beds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/24—Devices for removal of material from the bed
- F23C10/26—Devices for removal of material from the bed combined with devices for partial reintroduction of material into the bed, e.g. after separation of agglomerated parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
- F23G2203/50—Fluidised bed furnace
- F23G2203/503—Fluidised bed furnace with two or more fluidised beds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hot ash returning flow control device and a method for realizing lateral air distribution of double adjustment of bed temperature and steam temperatureThe lateral blowing air at the bottom of the descending pipe and the auxiliary bed adjusts the amount of ash falling into each device and smoothly blows the ash into each main bed, thereby avoiding the blockage or the reverse channeling of hot ash. The partition board in the main bed divides the main bed into a first chamber and a second chamber of the main bed and is respectively provided with a heating surface, the top and the bottom of the partition board are provided with a passage between the two chambers, so that hot ash can flow conveniently, and the hot ash flowing out of each return pipe after heat exchange is converged into a return main pipeline and returns to a hearth. The invention can effectively regulate and control the heat absorption capacity and the ash temperature of the tube bundle, further regulate the bed temperature and realize double accurate regulation and control of the bed temperature and the smoke temperature; multiple heat exchangers can be arranged, and SO caused by the fact that the heating surface is arranged in the tail flue is avoided2High-temperature flue gas and accumulated ash such as HCl and the like are corroded, can stably operate, reduces operation and maintenance cost, and is suitable for the circulating fluidized bed garbage incinerator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of design of external heat exchangers of circulating fluidized bed waste incineration boilers, and particularly relates to a hot ash return flow control device and method capable of achieving lateral air distribution and achieving double bed temperature and steam temperature adjustment.
Background
The circulating fluidized bed boiler has good adaptability to garbage components, and is gradually applied to harmless treatment of household garbage in recent years. With the large-scale of the boiler capacity and specification, the furnace and the tail flue cannot provide enough heating surfaces, so that the arrangement of part of the heating surfaces in the external heat exchanger becomes the current development trend. The external heat exchanger can effectively adjust the flow of ash returning to the hearth, so that the heat absorption capacity of the furnace temperature and the internal heat exchanger can be flexibly adjusted; the heated surface is transferred into the external heat exchanger from the tail flue, SO that SO can be effectively prevented2And high temperature flue gas and ash deposition corrosion of HCl.
However, in actual operation, the phenomenon of unsmooth material return of the external heat exchanger often occurs, which is because the phenomenon of ash blockage and even reverse channeling often occurs in a downcomer connecting the external heat exchanger and the cyclone separator. Therefore, the structural design of the existing external heat exchanger needs to be optimized, so that the heat exchanger can ensure effective heat exchange of high-temperature hot ash in the external heat exchanger, can adjust the flow of returned materials according to the temperature requirement of a hearth, and avoids the problem of ash accumulation or reverse channeling caused by too low or too high fluidizing air speed in the adjusting process.
In addition, present ash device that returns, the structure is general more single, can't realize the dual accurate regulation and control of heat transfer volume and circulation flow, and the bed material that often can appear returning to in the furnace from external heat exchanger is still high in temperature, and is less with the difference in temperature of furnace bed temperature, is unfavorable for that the furnace temperature is in reasonable within range, and the bed temperature of high partially makes the lime-ash that will discharge furnace easily present the vitrification state, blocks up the slag pipe, consequently how to realize effectively accurate heat transfer and adjust the bed temperature, just seems to be particularly important.
In the patent documents of the external heat exchanger design of the existing garbage incinerator, for example, the 'material returning valve with an adjustable tongue plate' disclosed in the document with the application number of CN201510592260.7, the actual operation condition of a loosening chamber at one side of a descending pipe is not considered, bed materials are easy to accumulate and reverse to cause the phenomenon of bridging in the descending pipe, and the stable operation of the material returning valve is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a hot ash returning flow control device and a method for realizing lateral air distribution of double bed temperature and steam temperature, so as to solve the problems that the existing external heat exchanger of a garbage incinerator is easy to have unsmooth returning materials such as ash accumulation, reverse channeling and the like during the operation, cannot realize effective heat exchange, influences the ash circulation and simultaneously realizes bed temperature regulation and the integral normal operation of a boiler, the invention sets the hot ash returning flow control device into an axial symmetric cross-shaped structure, adds the design of an inclined plane and lateral air distribution, and also sets a partition plate arranged at the middle height, so that the upper end and the lower end of the partition plate are provided with passages for connecting two chambers of the hot ash returning flow control device, thereby realizing the functions of effectively regulating the high-temperature circulating hot ash flow, the heat absorption capacity of the external heat exchanger and the bed temperature, and in order to realize the purposes, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention firstly provides a hot ash returning flow control device capable of realizing side air distribution and realizing double adjustment of bed temperature and steam temperature, which comprises a downcomer and is characterized by also comprising four small hot ash returning devices and a main side air pipeline, wherein heat exchange surfaces of different types and quantities are arranged in each hot ash returning device;
four top lateral air distribution pipelines are arranged on the outer wall of the downcomer, and the joints of the four top lateral air distribution pipelines and the downcomer are arranged in a cross shape; the four small-sized hot ash returning devices (with the same or similar structures) are also arranged in a cross shape;
each small-sized hot ash returning device comprises a main bed, an auxiliary bed, a returning pipe and an air distribution plate; wherein, the auxiliary bed is connected with a down pipe, the bottom of the auxiliary bed is provided with an inclined section, and the inclined section is provided with a bottom lateral air distribution pipeline; a partition plate is arranged in the main bed, the partition plate divides the main bed into a main bed second chamber and a main bed first chamber, the top and the bottom of the main bed second chamber are communicated, and a first heating surface and a second heating surface are respectively arranged in the main bed first chamber and the main bed second chamber; the bottoms of the first main bed chamber and the second main bed chamber are provided with slag discharge pipes; the air distribution plate is positioned at the bottom of the main bed, and an air cap is arranged on the air distribution plate; the bottom of the auxiliary bed is communicated with a second main bed chamber, and the first main bed chamber is connected with a material return pipe;
the lateral wind main pipeline is respectively connected with the lateral wind distribution pipeline at the bottom of each small-sized hot ash returning device;
the return pipes of the four small-sized hot ash returning devices are converged into a main pipeline and then uniformly returned to the hearth.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the first main bed chamber and the second main bed chamber are respectively supplied with air independently through the air distribution plate by respective corresponding air chambers, so that the accurate regulation and control of the flow rate are realized.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the first heating surface and the second heating surface of different types and areas can be respectively arranged in the first main bed chamber and the second main bed chamber according to actual needs, so as to realize the simultaneous heat exchange of the heating surfaces with different heat absorption needs in the main bed.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the partition is disposed at a certain intermediate height, and is not connected to the main bed at the upper and lower sides thereof, thereby forming a hot ash flow path connecting the first main bed chamber and the second main bed chamber.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, a metal screen and an electric valve are arranged in a bottom side air distribution pipeline of the inclined section at the bottom of the auxiliary bed, wherein the metal screen is arranged at one side close to the auxiliary bed to prevent hot ash from flowing into the pipeline to influence the normal operation of the electric valve.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom side air distribution pipes of the inclined bottom sections of the sub-beds of each small-sized hot ash return flow rate control device are all from the bottom side air main pipe, and the opening of each bottom side air distribution pipe is adjusted by an electric valve arranged therein, so that the side air blowing rate flowing into each sub-bed is controlled.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the number of the heating surfaces arranged in the main bed of the four small-sized hot ash returning flow control devices is not completely the same, the heating surfaces in one part of the devices are more, the heating surfaces in the other part of the devices are less, and the hot ash can be blown into each small-sized hot ash returning flow control device under the action of the lateral wind of the descending pipe according to different proportions according to the requirements of the actual bed temperature and air temperature during operation.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the auxiliary bed is a middle area connecting a downcomer and a main bed in each small-sized hot ash returning device, and is divided into two parts along the height, wherein the upper part is a vertical section with a triangular prism structure, and the lower part is an inclined section; the bottom of the inclined section of the auxiliary bed is provided with a bottom side air distribution pipeline in the horizontal direction, and the bottom side air distribution pipeline is used for blowing hot ash into the main bed to avoid over-high material layer accumulation or reverse flow of the hot ash; the auxiliary bed is surrounded by a front wall and a rear wall, wherein the main bed and the auxiliary bed are separated by the front wall, a channel for communicating the main bed and the auxiliary bed is reserved at the bottom of the front wall, the rear wall of the vertical section comprises two vertical surfaces, and the two vertical surfaces and the front wall surface form a triangular structure; the rear wall of the inclined section has an inclined surface inclined toward the front wall for guiding the hot ashes to the main bed.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the heat exchange tube bundles of the first heating surface and the second heating surface in the main bed are arranged along the horizontal direction.
The invention also discloses a working method of the adjustable double-bed anti-corrosion external high-temperature superheater ash return device, wherein a down pipe is communicated with an upstream cyclone separator, and a material return port is communicated with a hearth through a material return pipe;
when in work, the high-temperature hot ash separated from the cyclone separator falls into the downcomer and is blown by the top side air distribution pipeline arranged on the outer wall of the downcomer, respectively flows into the sub-beds of the four small hot ash returning flow control devices in different proportions, hot ash falls into the bottom inclined section after passing through the vertical section of the sub-beds, and can be accumulated in the sub-beds for a certain height according to the circulating ash amount in actual operation, under the action of gravity, the hot ash in the inclined section of the auxiliary bed falls along the inclined plane, part of the hot ash flows into the main bed to participate in the fluidization and heat exchange processes, and then under the blowing action of the lateral air distribution pipeline at the bottom of the inclined section at the bottom of the auxiliary bed, the hot ash flows into the main bed, because the lateral air distribution blows out along the horizontal direction rather than the vertical direction, the hot ash can not generate a large amount of phenomenon of back-fleeing and even bridging, but can directly flow into the main bed under the action of the lateral fluidized air; fluidized air in the main bed is uniformly sprayed out after passing through the air caps on the air distribution plate, and drives hot ash to perform sufficient heat exchange with the first heating surface and the second heating surface in the first chamber of the main bed and the second chamber of the main bed respectively, the hot ash in the second chamber of the main bed can flow into the first chamber of the main bed through the top passage to continuously participate in the heat exchange and also can flow into the first chamber of the main bed through the bottom passage, the hot ash returns to a hearth through the material return pipe after performing sufficient heat exchange with the heating surface, and the slag discharge pipe is opened when the operation is stopped and is used for discharging slag.
The main air supply pipeline of the invention is divided into four lateral air supplies at the inclined section near the auxiliary bed, and the four lateral air supplies are respectively introduced into four small hot ash returning devices.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the heat exchange tube bundle is arranged in the main bed along the horizontal direction, and the structural design can avoid the problems that the tube bundle interferes the flow of the side wind flowing from the auxiliary bed and affects the loosening effect of the side wind, and the tube bundle is arranged along the height direction and is easy to cause uneven heat exchange, large temperature difference and thermal stress damage and the like.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each small-sized hot ash returning device is divided into a first main bed chamber and a second main bed chamber by a partition plate arranged at an intermediate height, and heating surfaces are respectively arranged in the first main bed chamber and the second main bed chamber.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a metal screen and an electric valve are arranged in the ventilation pipeline arranged on the side wall at the bottom of the feeding section, the metal screen is used for preventing ash materials from flowing into the ventilation hole to cause blockage, adhesion and the like when side wind stops running, so that normal blast is influenced, and the electric valve is used for flexibly adjusting the opening degree, so that the blast air quantity flowing into the auxiliary bed is adjusted and controlled.
The quantity (corresponding to the heated area) of the heat exchange tube bundles arranged in each small-sized hot ash returning device is different, the hot ash falls into the auxiliary bed through the descending tube in the process, the top lateral air distribution pipeline arranged on the outer wall of the descending tube can automatically adjust the blowing quantity to blow the hot ash according to the working condition requirement, and the flow proportion of the hot ash falling into each small-sized hot ash returning device is adjusted, so that the heat absorption quantity is adjusted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention can be applied to the arrangement of the heating surfaces of a high-temperature superheater, a low-temperature superheater, a high-temperature reheater and the like of the circulating fluidized bed garbage incinerator, the lateral air distribution at the bottoms of the downcomer and the auxiliary bed can realize the accurate adjustment of the return flow of hot ash and the heat absorption capacity of the heat exchanger, the adjustment of the hearth bed temperature and the steam temperature is facilitated, the serious corrosion of flue gas containing a large amount of sulfur and chlorine caused by the arrangement of the heating surfaces in a tail flue is avoided, and the damage and the maintenance cost caused by the corrosion to the long-time stable operation are reduced.
(2) The invention utilizes the partition board arranged at the middle height of the main bed to divide the main bed into a first main bed chamber and a second main bed chamber in the horizontal direction, and a top channel and a bottom channel are arranged between the two chambers in the height direction, so that the structural characteristics of the hot ash returning device can be quickly and effectively adjusted, thereby arranging heating surfaces with different heat exchange requirements in a single returning device, and adjusting air volume in a targeted manner to carry out fluidized heat exchange, thereby being beneficial to flexibly adjusting the heat exchange quantity and the returning quantity.
(3) In combination with the phenomena of ash material channeling, unsmooth blanking and returning and the like in actual operation, considering that the motion characteristics of the hot ash in the main bed and the auxiliary bed are not completely the same, the hot ash in the main bed can be fluidized more sufficiently, and therefore a lateral wind and a bottom inclined section are arranged on one side of the auxiliary bed to strengthen the flow of the hot ash in the auxiliary bed.
(4) The heat exchange tube bundle is arranged along the horizontal direction, but not the vertical direction, so that the hot ash flowing in from the channel at the top of the partition plate can be prevented from being blocked by the heating surface and cannot smoothly and effectively enter the first chamber of the main bed; fluidization in the main bed is difficult to ensure that the heat exchange is even along the direction of height, and the horizontal direction is because same height, and the heat transfer effect is unanimous basically, therefore the tube bank is arranged along the horizontal direction and also can be avoided the tube bank to be heated unevenly, and the temperature difference is too big and suffer thermal stress destruction, influence the safety of hot ash loopback device, steady operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a lateral air distribution hot ash return flow control device and method for achieving dual bed temperature and steam temperature control according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the structure A-A of the lateral air distribution hot ash return flow control device and method for realizing dual adjustment of bed temperature and steam temperature according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a single small-sized hot ash returning device;
FIG. 4 is a B-B structural cross-sectional view of a single small-sized hot ash returning device.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the figure), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indication is changed accordingly.
In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "connected", "fixed", "disposed", and the like are to be understood broadly, for example, "fixed" may be fixedly connected, may be detachably connected, or may be integrated; the connection can be mechanical connection, electrical connection, physical connection or wireless communication connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hot ash returning flow control device capable of achieving double bed temperature and steam temperature adjustment and lateral air distribution according to the present invention, which includes a downcomer 2, four small hot ash returning devices with identical structures, and a main lateral air pipeline 10, wherein different types and numbers of heat exchange surfaces are arranged in each hot ash returning device;
four top lateral air distribution pipelines 1 are arranged on the outer wall of the downcomer, and the joints of the four top lateral air distribution pipelines and the downcomer are arranged in a cross shape; the four small-sized hot ash returning devices with consistent structures are also arranged in a cross shape;
each small-sized hot ash returning device comprises a main bed, an auxiliary bed, a returning pipe 7 and an air distribution plate 17; wherein, the auxiliary bed is connected with the downcomer, the bottom of the auxiliary bed is provided with an inclined section, and the inclined section is provided with a bottom lateral air distribution pipeline 9; a partition plate 5 is arranged in the main bed, the partition plate divides the main bed into a second main bed chamber 4 and a first main bed chamber 8, the top and the bottom of the second main bed chamber 4 are communicated, and a first heating surface 6 and a second heating surface 14 are respectively arranged in the first main bed chamber 8 and the second main bed chamber 4; the bottoms of the primary bed first chamber 8 and the primary bed second chamber 4 are both provided with a slag discharge pipe 12; the air distribution plate 17 is positioned at the bottom of the main bed, and an air cap 11 is arranged on the air distribution plate 17; the bottom of the auxiliary bed is communicated with a second main bed chamber 4, and a first main bed chamber 8 is connected with a return pipe 7;
the lateral wind main pipeline 10 is respectively connected with the bottom lateral wind distribution pipeline 9 of each small-sized hot ash returning device;
the return pipes 7 of the four small-sized hot ash returning devices with the same structure are converged into a main pipeline and then uniformly returned to the hearth.
In the whole boiler circulation loop, a downcomer 2 is communicated with an outlet at the bottom of a cyclone separator, a material returning pipe 7 is communicated with a hearth, and the whole device, the hearth, the separator and the like form a hot ash circulation loop together.
The air distribution plate 17 is provided with an air cap 11, the first main bed chamber 8 and the second main bed chamber 4 are provided with respective air supply pipelines, air is independently supplied during operation, flow regulation of respective chambers is realized, the number of tube bundles of the first heating surface 6 and the second heating surface 14 arranged in the air distribution plate can be specifically adjusted according to requirements, and therefore heat exchange of heat exchangers required by different heat exchange temperatures in the main bed is realized.
The first heating surfaces 6 and the second heating surfaces 14 with different quantities are arranged in the four small-sized hot ash returning flow control devices, and the returning pipes 7 of the four small-sized hot ash returning flow control devices are firstly converged at the bottom of the device to form a returning main pipeline and then are connected with the hearth.
During operation, the hot ash that comes off from cyclone separates behind the export of separator bottom, falls into downtake 2, according to the needs of furnace bed temperature and steam temperature, adjusts the blowing volume of four top side direction air distribution pipelines 1 that set up on downtake outer wall 3 to adjust the hot ash and fall into the concrete proportion in four small-size hot ash loopback flow control device, for example furnace bed temperature is higher, then correspondingly through the side direction wind increase hot ash fall arrange the loopback device that the heating surface is more, just can return furnace with microthermal form after abundant heat transfer, effectively reduce the bed temperature. In each small-sized hot ash returning flow control device, hot ash falls into a secondary bed 15 through a downcomer 2, is blown to flow into a second main bed chamber 4 under the action of a bottom side air distribution pipeline 9 of an inclined section at the bottom of the secondary bed 15, fully exchanges heat with a second heated surface 14 under the action of fluidized air sprayed from an air cap 11 on an air distribution plate 17, flows into a first main bed chamber 8 along a top passage and a bottom passage, exchanges heat with a first heated surface 6, finally flows into a material returning pipe 7 through a material returning port, and finally, the four material returning pipes 7 are converged at one position, returns the hot ash into a hearth in a form of a main pipe, adjusts the bed temperature and participates in next material circulation.
When the air distribution device works, the electric valve 16 in each bottom side air distribution pipeline 9 adjusts the opening according to the blanking condition of the auxiliary beds 15, so that the blowing air quantity entering each auxiliary bed 15 is controlled.
After the device stops working, the slag discharge pipe 12 is opened to discharge slag from the bottom.
According to the hot ash returning flow control device capable of realizing the lateral air distribution of the double adjustment of the bed temperature and the steam temperature, the top lateral air distribution pipeline 1 at the position of the downcomer 2 is added, and the flow of hot ash falling into each small hot ash returning flow control device with different heating surfaces can be adjusted by utilizing the form of blowing lateral air, so that the heat exchange quantity is effectively adjusted; the inclined section and the bottom side air distribution pipeline 9 of the auxiliary bed 15 are additionally provided, and the electric valve 16 and the metal screen 13 are arranged in the auxiliary bed, the metal screen 13 can effectively avoid the blockage of hot ash flowing into the pipeline, the electric valve 16 can effectively control the opening degree, adjust the blowing air quantity flowing into each auxiliary bed 15, and further adjust the hot ash quantity flowing into the second chamber 4 of the main bed, and the hot ash can smoothly enter the second chamber 4 of the main bed under the action of gravity and side wind by combining the inclined section of the auxiliary bed 15.
The adjustable double-bed corrosion-resistant external high-temperature superheater ash returning device of the invention is described in detail above, and specifically, the working principle, the flow and the specific features of the invention are explained, and the above description is only used to help understanding the core idea of the invention, and meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, by adopting the idea of the invention, corresponding modifications may be made in specific implementation and application scope of the invention. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A hot ash returning flow control device capable of realizing double adjustment of bed temperature and steam temperature and realizing lateral air distribution comprises a downcomer (2) and is characterized by further comprising four small hot ash returning devices and a main lateral air pipeline (10), wherein heat exchange surfaces of different types and numbers are arranged in each hot ash returning device;
four top lateral air distribution pipelines (1) are arranged on the outer wall of the downcomer, and the joints of the four top lateral air distribution pipelines and the downcomer are arranged in a cross shape; the four small-sized hot ash returning devices are also arranged in a cross shape;
each small-sized hot ash returning device comprises a main bed, an auxiliary bed, a returning pipe (7) and an air distribution plate (17); wherein, the auxiliary bed is connected with the downcomer, the bottom of the auxiliary bed is provided with an inclined section, and the inclined section is provided with a bottom lateral air distribution pipeline (9); a partition plate (5) is arranged in the main bed, the partition plate divides the main bed into a main bed second chamber (4) and a main bed first chamber (8), the top and the bottom of the main bed second chamber are communicated, and a first heating surface (6) and a second heating surface (14) are respectively arranged in the main bed first chamber (8) and the main bed second chamber (4); the bottoms of the primary bed first chamber (8) and the primary bed second chamber (4) are provided with slag discharge pipes (12); the air distribution plate (17) is positioned at the bottom of the main bed, and an air cap (11) is arranged on the air distribution plate (17); the bottom of the auxiliary bed is communicated with a second main bed chamber (4), and a first main bed chamber (8) is connected with a material return pipe (7);
the lateral wind main pipeline (10) is respectively connected with the lateral wind distribution pipeline (9) at the bottom of each small-sized hot ash returning device;
the return pipes (7) of the four small-sized hot ash returning devices are converged into a main pipeline and then uniformly returned to the hearth.
2. The device for controlling the flow rate of returning hot ash through lateral air distribution capable of achieving double adjustment of bed temperature and steam temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein the primary bed chamber (8) and the primary bed chamber (4) are independently supplied with air from respective corresponding air chambers through an air distribution plate (17), so as to achieve precise adjustment and control of the flow rate.
3. The hot ash returning flow control device capable of realizing the lateral air distribution with the double bed temperature and steam temperature adjustment is characterized in that the first heating surface (6) and the second heating surface (14) with different types and areas can be respectively arranged in the first bed chamber (8) and the second bed chamber (4) according to actual needs, and are used for realizing the simultaneous heat exchange of the heating surfaces with different heat absorption needs in the main bed.
4. The hot ash return flow control device capable of realizing the lateral air distribution with the double bed temperature and steam temperature adjustment according to the claim 1 is characterized in that the partition plate (5) is arranged at a certain middle height, and the upper part and the lower part are not connected with the main bed, so that a hot ash flow passage connecting the first chamber (8) of the main bed and the second chamber (4) of the main bed is formed.
5. The hot ash return flow control device capable of realizing the lateral air distribution of the double-temperature regulation of the bed and the steam is characterized in that a metal screen (13) and an electric valve (16) are arranged in a bottom lateral air distribution pipeline (9) of the inclined section at the bottom of the secondary bed, wherein the metal screen (13) is arranged at one side close to the secondary bed (15) to prevent the hot ash from flowing into a pipeline to influence the normal operation of the electric valve (16).
6. The operation method of the hot ash return flow control device capable of achieving the side air distribution with the dual bed temperature and steam temperature adjustment according to claim 5 is characterized in that the bottom side air distribution pipeline (9) of the sub-bed bottom inclined section of each small hot ash return flow control device is from the bottom side air main pipeline (10), and the opening degree of each bottom side air distribution pipeline (9) is adjusted by an electric valve (16) respectively arranged in the bottom side air distribution pipeline, so that the side air blowing amount flowing into each sub-bed (15) is adjusted.
7. The device for controlling the flow rate of returning hot ash with lateral air distribution capable of achieving dual adjustment of bed temperature and steam temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the heating surfaces arranged inside the main bed of the four small-sized devices for controlling the flow rate of returning hot ash is not exactly the same, and more heating surfaces are arranged in some devices and less heating surfaces are arranged in other devices, so that the hot ash can be blown into each small-sized device for controlling the flow rate of returning hot ash under the action of the lateral air of the down pipe according to different proportions according to the requirements of the actual bed temperature and air temperature during operation.
8. The lateral air distribution hot ash return flow control device capable of realizing double adjustment of bed temperature and steam temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein the secondary bed is a middle area of each small hot ash return device connecting the downcomer and the main bed, and is divided into two parts along the height, the upper part is a vertical section of a triangular prism structure, and the lower part is an inclined section; the bottom of the inclined section of the auxiliary bed is provided with a bottom side air distribution pipeline (9) in the horizontal direction, and the bottom side air distribution pipeline is used for blowing hot ash into the main bed to avoid overhigh accumulation or reverse flow of the hot ash; the auxiliary bed is formed by surrounding a front wall and a rear wall, wherein the main bed and the auxiliary bed are separated by the front wall, a channel for communicating the main bed and the auxiliary bed is reserved at the bottom of the front wall, the rear wall of the vertical section comprises two vertical surfaces, and the two vertical surfaces and the front wall form a triangular structure; the rear wall of the inclined section has an inclined surface inclined toward the front wall for guiding the hot ashes to the main bed.
9. The device for controlling the flow rate of returning hot ash with laterally distributed wind and capable of achieving double adjustment of bed temperature and steam temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat exchange tube bundles of the first heating surface and the second heating surface in the main bed are arranged along the horizontal direction.
10. The working method of the hot ash returning flow control device capable of realizing the lateral air distribution of the double bed temperature and steam temperature is characterized in that a descending pipe (2) is communicated with an upstream cyclone separator, and a return port (7) is communicated with a hearth through a return pipe;
when the device works, high-temperature hot ash separated from the cyclone separator falls into the downcomer (2), and respectively flows into the sub-beds (15) of the four small-sized hot ash returning flow control devices in different proportions under the blowing action of the top side air distribution pipeline (1) arranged on the outer wall (3) of the downcomer, the hot ash passes through the vertical section of the sub-beds and then falls into the bottom inclined section, a certain height can be accumulated in the sub-beds according to the circulating ash amount in actual operation, the hot ash in the inclined section of the sub-beds can fall along the inclined plane under the action of gravity, part of the hot ash can flow into the main bed to participate in fluidization and heat exchange processes, and then the hot ash flows into the main bed under the blowing action of the bottom side air distribution pipeline (9) of the bottom inclined section of the sub-beds (15), because of the side air distribution, the hot ash can be blown out along the horizontal direction rather than the vertical direction, and the phenomenon of a large amount of reverse channeling and even bridging of the hot ash can not occur, but flows into the main bed directly under the action of lateral fluidizing air; fluidized air in the main bed is uniformly sprayed out after passing through an air cap (11) on an air distribution plate (17), and drives hot ash to perform sufficient heat exchange with a first heating surface (6) and a second heating surface (14) in a first chamber (8) and a second chamber (4) of the main bed respectively, the hot ash in the second chamber (4) of the main bed can flow into the first chamber (8) of the main bed through a top passage to continuously participate in the heat exchange and also can flow into the first chamber (8) of the main bed through a bottom passage, the hot ash and the heating surfaces perform sufficient heat exchange and then return to a hearth through a return pipe (7), and a slag discharge pipe (12) is opened when the operation is stopped for discharging slag.
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