CN114688542A - Intelligent compatibility method for hazardous waste treatment plant - Google Patents
Intelligent compatibility method for hazardous waste treatment plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN114688542A CN114688542A CN202011596527.7A CN202011596527A CN114688542A CN 114688542 A CN114688542 A CN 114688542A CN 202011596527 A CN202011596527 A CN 202011596527A CN 114688542 A CN114688542 A CN 114688542A
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
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- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 231100000403 acute toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
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- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- -1 and the like Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent compatibility method of a hazardous waste treatment plant, which comprises the following steps: firstly, analyzing and identifying contents, namely physical properties, industrial analysis, element analysis, harmful substance content, characteristic identification, reactivity, compatibility and water stability; then, various wastes are compatible; the stability of the heat value is ensured; controlling the contents of acidic pollutants, heavy metals and alkali metals; the mixing treatment keeps the continuity and stability of incineration; the compatibility of the compatible wastes is ensured on the premise of ensuring the compatibility of the compatible wastes to ensure the safety of incineration treatment, more than two kinds of dangerous wastes are mixed to avoid generating a large amount of heat or high pressure, flame, explosion, flammable gas, toxic gas and violent polymerization reaction, and the compatibility and safety between the wastes and a container, a storage bin and a furnace lining must be ensured, the heat value of the wastes entering the furnace is kept stable, so that the heat load control design of an incineration chamber is within the specified range (400-.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent compatibility, in particular to an intelligent compatibility method for a hazardous waste treatment plant.
Background
Hazardous waste, especially hazardous chemical waste, the composition is complicated, the form is various, and few categorised, brings very big difficulty for handling, burns and can effectively destroy poisonous, harmful hazardous waste in the waste, is the swift, most effective technique of realizing hazardous waste minimizing, innoxious, and the concentrated disposal of hazardous waste is to burn, and the key to burn is to burn off the polymer waste completely.
The polymeric waste components and structures are quite complex. They are continuously subjected to multi-stage thermal decomposition reaction in the combustion process to completely decompose into low-molecular combustible gas, and finally to be converted into combustion reaction, and release combustion heat, the chemical waste can be represented by the following general formula CaHbClcOdNE (wherein Cl can also be other halogens or sulfur, phosphorus, metal elements, and the like, and chlorine is taken as a representative, and is difficult to incinerate and detoxify because of chlorine-containing hazardous waste), and the waste generates typical combustion products CO2 and H2O and some corrosive or polluting products in the combustion process by adding air, and the polluting products need to be disposed in subsequent flue gas treatment. Therefore, during the incineration process, reasonable operation parameters must be found to minimize the generation of harmful gases such as free chlorine, carbon monoxide and the like.
When plastic, rubber, paint and asphalt are incinerated in the air, dense smoke generated by rolling can be diffused to the high altitude of 30-40 m. This is because one is complete gasification does not equal complete pyrolysis. The solid (liquid) state high molecular waste can be gasified thoroughly, but the toxicity of the completely gasified waste which is not equal to organic pollution can be harmless; second, thermal decomposition and combustion, in concept, thermal decomposition and thermal combustion are two completely different reactions, thermal decomposition is an endothermic reaction, combustion is an exothermic reaction, and complete combustion can be achieved only through complete decomposition; thirdly, after the high molecular dense black combustible gas is completely decomposed, the high molecular dense black combustible gas can carry out exothermic complete combustion reaction and completely carry out harmless treatment on organic pollution toxicity. The generation of the tumbling black smoke is caused by incomplete thermal decomposition, non-uniform combustion and oxygen supply and incomplete combustion.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent compatibility method for a hazardous waste treatment plant to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the intelligent compatibility method of the hazardous waste treatment plant comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, analyzing and identifying contents, namely physical properties, industrial analysis, element analysis, harmful substance content, characteristic identification, reactivity, compatibility and water stability;
step two: then, various wastes are compatible;
step three: the stability of the heat value is ensured;
step four: controlling the contents of acidic pollutants, heavy metals and alkali metals;
step five: the mixing treatment maintains the continuity and stability of incineration.
Preferably, the physical properties of the first step are physical composition, volume weight and particle size; industrial analysis of fixed carbon, ash content, volatile matter, moisture, ash melting point and low calorific value; elemental analysis and hazardous substance content (e.g., S, Cl, F, Br, I, P, Hg, alkali metals, etc.); characteristic identification (corrosivity, leaching toxicity, acute toxicity, flammability and explosiveness); reactivity; compatibility, stability with water.
Preferably, the compatibility of the hazardous wastes in the second step is carried out on the premise of ensuring the compatibility of the compatible wastes so as to ensure the safety of incineration treatment, wherein more than two hazardous wastes are mixed to avoid generating a large amount of heat or high pressure, flame, explosion, flammable gas, toxic gas and violent polymerization reaction, and the compatibility and the safety between the wastes and a container, a storage bin and a furnace lining must be ensured.
Preferably, the step three compatibility is to make the heating value of the dangerous waste entering the incinerator as far as possible within the design specified range (400-700 ℃) so as to reduce the consumption of the auxiliary fuel. Too low a calorific value, the need to start the auxiliary fuel system to complete the combustion of the waste, with consequent increase in operating costs; the heating value is too high and it is necessary to limit the furnace temperature with inert substances (excess air, water, etc.) and at the same time the throughput is reduced. The heat value of the waste entering the furnace is kept stable, so that the heat load control of the incineration chamber is designed within the specified range (400 ℃ C. and 700 ℃ C.), and the economical and reliable operation of the system is ensured.
Preferably, the content of acid substances in the waste is controlled in the fourth step, so that the incineration equipment is prevented from being corroded, and the tail gas is discharged after reaching the standard. Halogenated organic matter not only influences the calorific value of waste, also influences the acid gas content of flue gas after the burning and flue gas processing system's operational effect, improper control still easily causes the production of chlorine, its corrosivity is bigger, and phosphorus is mainly organic phosphide in the hazardous waste, and P2O5 that burns the production can produce accelerated corrosion to metal and refractory material 400 ~ 700 ℃, and this temperature region is the exhaust-heat boiler region, if not control the content of good phosphorus, then exhaust-heat boiler life can shorten greatly. The alkali metal is in the form of inorganic or organic salt in dangerous waste, and is changed into alkali metal oxide after being combusted, so that the alkali metal is easy to explode when meeting water during slag discharge. The content of the acid substances in the furnace is controlled to be Cl < 1%, P, F < 0.2%, S < 1%, and alkali metals K, Na, Ca, etc < 0.1%. The highly toxic dangerous wastes such as pesticide, etc. contain organic heavy metal substances, and the quantity of the substances should be uniformly limited to be put into a furnace for incineration.
Preferably, the fifth step scientifically matches an incineration menu according to analysis and experimental results, so that certain easily mixed and reacted, explosive and highly corrosive substances are pretreated, and mixed with inert sludge, and proper moisture is controlled to facilitate combustion; alkali metal wastes containing potassium and the like and halogen wastes containing chlorine and the like can react to generate stable compounds which are properly matched; proper matching of fast decomposition combustion and slow decomposition combustion enables uniform combustion in the furnace, and the like.
Preferably, the waste should burn uniformly in a molten state in a furnace in a reddish flame and flow along the furnace wall so that the combustion rate is > 99.9%, the incineration removal rate is > 99.99%, and the thermal ignition loss rate of the incineration residue is < 5%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the intelligent compatibility method of the hazardous waste treatment plant, conditions for pyrolysis of waste molecules and conversion from chlorine to HCL can be provided at high temperature; meanwhile, the generation of CO and NOx is reduced, because the generation of CO and NOx is also related to the combustion temperature, the balance of the combustion reaction is substantially determined by the content of oxygen in the flue gas after combustion, in order to limit the generation of CO, excessive oxygen is required to be provided in the combustion process in the combustion of industrial waste, and the generation of nitrogen oxide NOx is derived from two sources, namely, the oxidation of nitrogen molecules in the combustion air; another source is the organic nitrogen contained in the waste. In fact, the amount of nitrogen oxides NOx produced by the oxidation of nitrogen in the air is very small and cannot produce emission indexes outside the limits of the current emission standards, the main source of the production of nitrogen oxides NOx being the organic nitrogen contained in the waste;
2. the intelligent compatibility method of the hazardous waste treatment plant ensures the compatibility of compatible wastes and ensures the safety of incineration treatment, wherein the mixing of more than two hazardous wastes avoids the generation of a large amount of heat or high pressure, flame, explosion, flammable gas, toxic gas and violent polymerization reaction, and the compatibility and safety of the wastes with a container, a bin and a furnace lining must be ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present patent, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present patent and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
In the description of this patent, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for the convenience of describing the patent and for the simplicity of description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the patent.
In the description of this patent, it is noted that unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "disposed" are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, fixedly connected, disposed, detachably connected, disposed, or integrally connected and disposed. The specific meaning of the above terms in this patent may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: the intelligent compatibility method of the hazardous waste treatment plant comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, analyzing and identifying contents, namely physical properties, industrial analysis, element analysis, harmful substance content, characteristic identification, reactivity, compatibility and water stability;
step two: then, various wastes are compatible;
step three: the stability of the heat value is ensured;
step four: controlling the contents of acidic pollutants, heavy metals and alkali metals;
step five: the mixing treatment maintains the persistence and stability of incineration.
Physical properties of physical composition, volume weight and particle size; industrial analysis of fixed carbon, ash content, volatile matter, moisture, ash melting point and low calorific value; elemental analysis and hazardous substance content (e.g., S, Cl, F, Br, I, P, Hg, alkali metals, etc.); characteristic identification (corrosivity, leaching toxicity, acute toxicity, flammability and explosiveness); reactivity; compatibility and water stability, wherein the compatibility of the compatible waste is ensured on the premise of ensuring the compatibility of the compatible waste to ensure the safety of incineration treatment, more than two dangerous wastes are mixed to avoid generating a large amount of heat or high pressure, flame, explosion, flammable gas, toxic gas and violent polymerization reaction, and the compatibility and safety between the wastes and a container, a storage bin and a furnace lining must be ensured, and the compatibility of the step three is to ensure that the heat value of the dangerous wastes entering the incinerator is as far as the range (400-700 ℃) specified by design to reduce the consumption of auxiliary fuel. Too low a calorific value, the need to start the auxiliary fuel system to complete the combustion of the waste, with consequent increase in operating costs; the heating value is too high and it is necessary to limit the furnace temperature with inert substances (excess air, water, etc.) and at the same time the throughput is reduced. The calorific value of the waste entering the furnace is kept stable, the thermal load of the incineration chamber is controlled within the range (400-. Halogenated organic matter not only influences the calorific value of waste, also influences the acid gas content of flue gas after the burning and flue gas processing system's operational effect, improper control still easily causes the production of chlorine, its corrosivity is bigger, and phosphorus is mainly organic phosphide in the hazardous waste, and P2O5 that burns the production can produce accelerated corrosion to metal and refractory material 400 ~ 700 ℃, and this temperature region is the exhaust-heat boiler region, if not control the content of good phosphorus, then exhaust-heat boiler life can shorten greatly. The alkali metal is in the form of inorganic or organic salt in dangerous waste, and is changed into alkali metal oxide after being combusted, so that the alkali metal is easy to explode when meeting water during slag discharge. The content of the acid substances in the furnace is controlled to be Cl < 1%, P, F < 0.2%, S < 1%, and alkali metals K, Na, Ca, etc < 0.1%. The method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out furnace incineration on extremely toxic dangerous wastes such as pesticides and the like, which contain organic heavy metal substances, in a uniformly limited quantity, scientifically matching an incineration menu according to analysis and experimental results, so that some easily mixed and reacted, explosive and highly corrosive wastes are pretreated and mixed with inert sludge, and proper moisture is controlled to facilitate combustion; alkali metal wastes containing potassium and the like and halogen wastes containing chlorine and the like can react to generate stable compounds which are properly matched; the proper matching of the fast decomposition combustion and the slow decomposition combustion ensures that the waste is uniformly combusted in the furnace, and the like, the waste is uniformly combusted in a molten state with scarlet flame in the furnace and flows along the furnace wall, so that the combustion rate is more than 99.9 percent, the incineration removal rate is more than 99.99 percent, and the thermal ignition reduction rate of the incineration residue is less than 5 percent.
The working principle is as follows: the method comprises the following steps: firstly, analyzing and identifying contents, namely physical properties, industrial analysis, element analysis, harmful substance content, characteristic identification, reactivity, compatibility and water stability;
step two: then, various wastes are compatible;
step three: the stability of the heat value is ensured;
step four: controlling the contents of acidic pollutants, heavy metals and alkali metals;
step five: the mixing treatment maintains the persistence and stability of incineration.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The intelligent compatibility method of the hazardous waste treatment plant comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, analyzing and identifying contents, namely physical properties, industrial analysis, element analysis, harmful substance content, characteristic identification, reactivity, compatibility and water stability;
step two: then, various wastes are compatible;
step three: the stability of the heat value is ensured;
step four: controlling the contents of acidic pollutants, heavy metals and alkali metals;
step five: the mixing treatment maintains the persistence and stability of incineration.
2. The intelligent compatibility method of the hazardous waste treatment plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the physical properties of the first step are physical composition, volume weight and particle size; industrial analysis of fixed carbon, ash content, volatile matter, moisture, ash melting point and low calorific value; elemental analysis and hazardous material content (e.g., S, Cl, F, Br, I, P, Hg, alkali metals, etc.); characteristic identification (corrosivity, leaching toxicity, acute toxicity, flammability and explosiveness); reactivity; compatibility, stability with water.
3. The intelligent compatibility method of the hazardous waste treatment plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the compatibility of the hazardous wastes in the step two is on the premise of ensuring the compatibility of the compatible wastes so as to ensure the safety of incineration treatment, namely, the mixing of more than two hazardous wastes can avoid the generation of a large amount of heat or high pressure, flame, explosion, flammable gas, toxic gas and violent polymerization reaction, and the compatibility and the safety between the wastes and a container, a storage bin and a furnace lining must be ensured.
4. The intelligent compatibility method of the hazardous waste treatment plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the third step is compatible to make the heating value of the dangerous waste entering the incinerator as far as possible within the design specified range (400-700 ℃) so as to reduce the consumption of the auxiliary fuel. Too low a calorific value, the need to start the auxiliary fuel system to complete the combustion of the waste, with consequent increase in operating costs; the heating value is too high and it is necessary to limit the furnace temperature with inert substances (excess air, water, etc.) and at the same time the throughput is reduced. The heat value of the waste entering the furnace is kept stable, so that the heat load control of the incineration chamber is designed within the specified range (400 ℃ C. and 700 ℃ C.), and the economical and reliable operation of the system is ensured.
5. The intelligent compatibility method of the hazardous waste treatment plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step four, controlling the content of acid substances in the waste, and ensuring that the incineration equipment is not corroded and the tail gas reaches the standard and is discharged. Halogenated organic matters not only affect the heat value of waste, but also affect the acid gas content of flue gas after combustion and the operation effect of a flue gas treatment system, improper control easily causes chlorine gas generation, the corrosivity is higher, phosphorus in dangerous waste is mainly organic phosphide, P2O5 generated by burning can generate accelerated corrosion on metal and refractory materials at 400-700 ℃, the temperature area is a waste heat boiler area, if the content of phosphorus is not controlled well, the service life of the waste heat boiler can be greatly shortened, alkali metal is in the dangerous waste in an inorganic or organic salt form, the alkali metal oxide is changed after combustion, and the waste gas is easy to explode when meeting water during slag discharge. The acid content in the furnace is controlled to be less than 1 percent of Cl, less than P, F, less than 0.2 percent of S, less than 1 percent of alkali metals of K, Na, Ca and the like, less than 0.1 percent of pesticide and other highly toxic dangerous wastes containing organic heavy metal substances, and the amount of the organic heavy metal substances should be uniformly limited to be burnt in the furnace.
6. The intelligent compatibility method of the hazardous waste treatment plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: according to analysis and experimental results, scientifically matching an incineration menu to pretreat some easily mixed and reacted, explosive and highly corrosive sludge and mix the pretreated sludge with inert sludge to control proper moisture so as to facilitate combustion; alkali metal wastes containing potassium and the like and halogen wastes containing chlorine and the like can react to generate stable compounds which are properly matched; proper matching of fast decomposition combustion and slow decomposition combustion enables uniform combustion in the furnace, and the like.
7. The intelligent compatibility method of the hazardous waste treatment plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the waste should be uniformly burned in a molten state in the furnace in a scarlet state and flow along the furnace wall, so that the burning rate is more than 99.9 percent, the incineration removal rate is more than 99.99 percent, and the thermal ignition loss rate of the incineration residue is less than 5 percent.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011596527.7A CN114688542A (en) | 2020-12-29 | 2020-12-29 | Intelligent compatibility method for hazardous waste treatment plant |
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| CN202011596527.7A CN114688542A (en) | 2020-12-29 | 2020-12-29 | Intelligent compatibility method for hazardous waste treatment plant |
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| CN114688542A true CN114688542A (en) | 2022-07-01 |
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