CN114685800A - Phosphorus-containing hyperbranched polyol, phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin, preparation method thereof, composition thereof and cyanate ester resin - Google Patents
Phosphorus-containing hyperbranched polyol, phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin, preparation method thereof, composition thereof and cyanate ester resin Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a phosphorus-containing hyperbranched polyol, a phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin, a preparation method thereof, a composition and a cyanate ester resin. The phosphorus-containing hyperbranched polyol comprises any one or more of the following structural general formulas:
wherein R is1Is composed of
R2Is composed of
And/or
Wherein R is5、R6、R9、R10Each independently selected from H, C1～C3Any one of the alkyl groups of (1), R1Wherein each of2To each other, R2Wherein each of1、R2Is connected to each other. When the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched polyol is used for preparing the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin, a large number of active groups such as hydroxyl groups exist on a highly branched molecular chain of the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin, so that the toughness, tensile strength, bending strength and flame retardant property of a resin system are improved in the preparation of the cyanate ester resin, and the flame retardant property of the resin system is also considered while the mechanical property is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wave-absorbing coatings, in particular to a phosphorus-containing hyperbranched polyol, a phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin, a preparation method thereof, a composition thereof and a cyanate ester resin.
Background
Cyanate ester resin is a high-performance thermosetting resin, has excellent heat resistance, mechanical property, stable size and low dielectric property, is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace and electronics, and is particularly more prominent in the antenna industry.
Cyanate ester resin usually adopts bisphenol type, phenolic aldehyde type and bisphenol E type cyanate ester or other bifunctional or polyfunctional cyanate ester to carry out prepolymerization reaction, triazine ring is formed in the reaction process, the group activity ability is weakened along with the increase of intermolecular crosslinking density, and the curing reaction is difficult to continue. In a system without a catalyst, the curing temperature is more than 200 ℃ for a long time, and the curing degree can reach more than 90 percent. In addition, most catalyst systems adopting transition metal complexes such as cobalt acetylacetonate, organotin, organic titanium and the like are used for curing, so that the dielectric property, the mechanical property and the hygroscopicity of the cyanate ester system are reduced, and the storage life at room temperature is shortened, thereby limiting the application field of the cyanate ester resin. In the prior art, the toughening effect can be improved by adding high-performance thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin and the like to modify cyanate ester resin, but the heat resistance and modulus of the resin are reduced.
In recent years, with the development of science and technology, the requirements of people on the environment are gradually improved, and the environmental problems caused by the realization of flame retardance for halogen are more and more prominent, so that the use of phosphide as a flame retardant is a key point in the research direction, but phosphide has certain toxicity in the production process, and toxic gas and toxic substances are generated in the combustion process, which may cause potential harm to the environment, so that the development of a halogen-free and phosphorus-containing compound is required, which can ensure the flame retardance, can participate in chemical reaction in a resin system, and ensures the mechanical property and the electrical property of the resin system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a phosphorus-containing hyperbranched polyol, a phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin, a preparation method thereof, a composition and a cyanate ester resin, so as to solve the problems of higher curing temperature, lower mechanical property and lower heat resistance of the cyanate ester resin in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above objects, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hyperbranched phosphorus-containing polyol comprising any one or more of the following general structural formulas:
Wherein R is5、R6、R9、R10Each independently selected from H, C1～C3Any one of the alkyl groups of (1), R1Wherein each of2To each other, R2Wherein each of1、R2Is connected to each other.
Further, the above R2Is selected from
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a hyperbranched epoxy resin containing phosphorus, the method comprising: step S1, carrying out esterification reaction on the compound 1 and tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate in a solvent to obtain hyperbranched polyester containing phosphorus-terminated hydroxyl; step S2, carrying out ring opening/ring closing reaction on the hyperbranched polyester containing phosphorus-terminated hydroxyl and epoxy chloropropane to obtain the hyperbranched epoxy resin containing phosphorus, wherein the compound 1 has the following structural general formula:
Further, the tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate is contained in a molar ratio of 46:45 to 4:3, preferably 22:21 to 10:9, and preferably a compound 1Is selected from
Any one or more of them.
Further, the above preparation method further comprises a preparation process of the compound 1, the preparation process comprising: and (2) carrying out addition reaction on the 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and dicarboxylic acid containing a carbon-carbon double bond and/or anhydride containing a carbon-carbon double bond to obtain the compound 1, wherein the dicarboxylic acid containing a carbon-carbon double bond is preferably itaconic acid and/or butenedioic acid, and the anhydride containing a carbon-carbon double bond is preferably one or more selected from citraconic anhydride, itaconic anhydride and maleic anhydride.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin is provided, which is obtained by the preparation method.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a composition is provided, the composition includes a hyperbranched epoxy resin, and the hyperbranched epoxy resin is the aforementioned phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin.
Further, the composition also comprises 100 parts by weight of bisphenol cyanate ester monomer, 3-10 parts by weight of toughening resin, 2-5 parts by weight of liquid epoxy resin, 0.5-5 parts by weight of hyperbranched epoxy resin and 0.5-2 parts by weight of silane coupling agent; preferably, the bisphenol cyanate monomer is selected from any one or more of bisphenol A cyanate, bisphenol M cyanate, bisphenol F cyanate, bisphenol S cyanate, phenolic cyanate, dicyclopentadiene bisphenol cyanate; preferably, the toughening resin is a thermoplastic resin, preferably the thermoplastic resin is selected from one or more of polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide, polyethylene phthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyether ketone, polyaryletherketone, polyphenyl ether or polyphenoxy resin; preferably, the liquid epoxy resin is selected from any one or more of bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin, phenolic epoxy resin, p-aminophenol triglycidyl epoxy resin and amino tetrafunctional epoxy resin, and the silane coupling agent is gamma-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxy silane and/or gamma-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane.
Further, the weight part of the hyperbranched epoxy resin is 0.5-5 parts.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cyanate ester resin, wherein the cyanate ester resin is obtained by polymerizing a composition, and the composition is the composition.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched polyol has a plurality of hydroxyl groups and a spatial three-dimensional structure. A large number of active groups such as hydroxyl groups exist on a highly branched molecular chain of the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin with a spatial three-dimensional structure, the advantages of low viscosity, high activity, good compatibility with other resin matrixes and the like are shown, and the resin has the effects of strengthening, toughening and the like in a resin system. Further, when the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin is used for preparing cyanate ester resin, on one hand, an oxazoline structure can be generated by the reaction of an epoxy group and a cyanate ester group in the hyperbranched epoxy resin, so that the cross-linking density among resins is improved, and a phosphorus element and a nitrogen element are introduced into a resin modification system, so that the synergistic flame retardant effect is achieved through the synergy between the phosphorus element and the nitrogen element; on the other hand, hydroxyl on the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin molecule can participate in the reaction of catalyzing the cyanate ester resin, so that the curing temperature can be reduced in the cyanate ester polymerization process, the rapid proceeding of the reaction is promoted, the reaction degree is improved, the toughness, the tensile strength, the bending strength and the flame retardant property of the resin system are improved, and the flame retardant property of the resin system is also considered while the mechanical property is ensured.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
As analyzed by the background art, the cyanate ester resin in the prior art has the problems of higher curing temperature, lower mechanical property and lower heat resistance, and in order to solve the problems, the invention provides a phosphorus-containing hyperbranched polyol, a phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin, a preparation method thereof, a composition thereof and a cyanate ester resin.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present application, there is provided a phosphorus-containing hyperbranched polyol comprising any one or more of the following general structural formulas:
The phosphorus-containing hyperbranched polyol has a plurality of hydroxyl groups and a spatial three-dimensional structure. A large number of active groups such as hydroxyl groups exist on a highly branched molecular chain of the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin with a spatial three-dimensional structure, the advantages of low viscosity, high activity, good compatibility with other resin matrixes and the like are shown, and the resin has the effects of strengthening, toughening and the like in a resin system. Furthermore, when the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin is used for preparing cyanate ester resin, on one hand, an oxazoline structure can be generated by the reaction of an epoxy group and a cyanate ester group in the hyperbranched epoxy resin, so that the cross-linking density among resins is improved, and a phosphorus element and a nitrogen element are introduced into a resin modification system, so that the synergistic flame retardant effect is achieved through the synergy between the phosphorus element and the nitrogen element; on the other hand, hydroxyl on the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin molecule can participate in the reaction of catalyzing the cyanate ester resin, so that the curing temperature can be reduced in the cyanate ester polymerization process, the rapid proceeding of the reaction is promoted, the reaction degree is improved, the toughness, the tensile strength, the bending strength and the flame retardant property of the resin system are improved, and the flame retardant property of the resin system is also considered while the mechanical property is ensured.
In order to further enrich the three-dimensional structure of the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched polyol and increase the number of active groups present on the branched molecular chain, R is preferably as defined above2Is selected from
Any one of them.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, there is provided a method for preparing a hyperbranched phosphorous-containing epoxy resin, the method comprising: step S1, carrying out esterification reaction on the compound 1 and tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate in a solvent to obtain hyperbranched polyester containing phosphorus-terminated hydroxyl; step S2, carrying out ring opening/ring closing reaction on the hyperbranched polyester containing phosphorus-terminated hydroxyl and epoxy chloropropane to obtain the hyperbranched epoxy resin containing phosphorus, wherein the compound 1 has the following structural general formula:
The preparation method ensures that a very small amount of hydroxyl in the phosphorus hyperbranched polyol can not be subjected to ring closing in an open-loop/ring-closing reaction, so that a large amount of active groups such as hydroxyl exist on a highly branched molecular chain of the phosphorus hyperbranched epoxy resin with a spatial three-dimensional structure, the phosphorus hyperbranched epoxy resin has the advantages of low viscosity, high activity, good compatibility with other resin matrixes and the like, and has the effects of strengthening, toughening and the like in a resin system. Furthermore, when the obtained phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin is used for preparing cyanate ester resin, on one hand, an oxazoline structure can be generated by the reaction of an epoxy group and a cyanate ester group in the hyperbranched epoxy resin, so that the cross-linking density among resins is improved, and a phosphorus element and a nitrogen element are introduced into a resin modification system, so that the synergistic flame-retardant effect is achieved through the synergy between the phosphorus element and the nitrogen element; on the other hand, hydroxyl on the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin molecule can participate in the reaction of catalyzing the cyanate ester resin, so that the curing temperature can be reduced in the cyanate ester polymerization process, the rapid proceeding of the reaction is promoted, the reaction degree is improved, the toughness, the tensile strength, the bending strength and the flame retardant property of the resin system are improved, and the flame retardant property of the resin system is also considered while the mechanical property is ensured.
The esterification reaction can be carried out according to conventional esterification reaction conditions in the prior art, and in order to improve the efficiency of the esterification reaction, the catalyst of the esterification reaction is preferably selected from one or more of tetrabutyl titanate, p-toluenesulfonic acid, zinc acetate, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and tetrapropyl titanate, and the catalyst is preferably 0.3-1% of the total mass of the compound 1 and the tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate. Preferably, the solvent is selected from any one or more of toluene, xylene, dioxane, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, propanol and tetrahydrofuran. Preferably, the esterification reaction is carried out at 155-160 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen or inert gas atmosphere. Similarly, the ring-opening reaction can be carried out according to the conventional ring-opening reaction conditions in the prior art, in order to improve the efficiency of the ring-opening reaction, the catalyst for the ring-opening reaction is preferably selected from one or more of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, tin dichloride, tin tetrachloride, boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, tetraalkyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl triethyl ammonium bromide, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and the amount of the catalyst is preferably 0.001 to 0.1 molar equivalent of hydroxyl in the hyperbranched polyester containing phosphorus-terminated hydroxyl. The ring-opening reaction is preferably carried out at 100-115 ℃ for 2-4 hours.
Through the synergistic effect of the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resins, the chemical action of epoxy groups and cyanate ester groups in the epoxy resins is further improved, so that the crosslinking density among the resins is improved, and the comprehensive performance of the cyanate ester resin is improved. In order to obtain a plurality of phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resins, thereby controlling the branching degree of the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resins as much as possible and better improving the performance of the cyanate ester resin, the molar ratio of the compound 1 to the tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate is preferably 46: 45-4: 3, preferably 22: 21-10: 9, and the compound 1 is preferably selected from
Any one or more of them.
In order to improve the preparation efficiency of the compound 1, it is preferable that the preparation method further comprises a preparation process of the compound 1, the preparation process comprising: and (2) carrying out addition reaction on the 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and dicarboxylic acid containing a carbon-carbon double bond and/or anhydride containing a carbon-carbon double bond to obtain the compound 1, wherein the dicarboxylic acid containing a carbon-carbon double bond is preferably itaconic acid and/or butenedioic acid, and the anhydride containing a carbon-carbon double bond is preferably one or more selected from citraconic anhydride, itaconic anhydride and maleic anhydride.
Of course, the person skilled in the art can also refer to other related preparation methods in the prior art to obtain compound 1, which are not described herein.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, a phosphorous hyperbranched epoxy resin is provided, which is obtained by the above preparation method.
The phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin obtained by the preparation method has a spatial three-dimensional structure. A large number of active groups such as hydroxyl groups exist on a highly branched molecular chain of the modified epoxy resin, the modified epoxy resin has the advantages of low viscosity, high activity, good compatibility with other resin matrixes and the like, and has the effects of strengthening, toughening and the like in a resin system. Furthermore, when the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin is used for preparing cyanate ester resin, on one hand, an oxazoline structure can be generated by the reaction of an epoxy group and a cyanate ester group in the hyperbranched epoxy resin, so that the cross-linking density among resins is improved, and a phosphorus element and a nitrogen element are introduced into a resin modification system, so that the synergistic flame retardant effect is achieved through the synergy between the phosphorus element and the nitrogen element; on the other hand, hydroxyl on the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin molecule can participate in the reaction of catalyzing the cyanate ester resin, so that the curing temperature can be reduced in the cyanate ester polymerization process, the rapid proceeding of the reaction is promoted, the reaction degree is improved, the toughness, the tensile strength, the bending strength and the flame retardant property of the resin system are improved, and the flame retardant property of the resin system is also considered while the mechanical property is ensured.
In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present application, a composition is provided that includes a hyperbranched epoxy resin, the hyperbranched epoxy resin being the aforementioned phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin.
The phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin has a large number of active groups such as hydroxyl groups on a hyperbranched molecular chain, has the advantages of low viscosity, high activity, good compatibility with other resin matrixes and the like, and has the effects of strengthening, toughening and the like in a resin system. Furthermore, the crosslinking density of the cyanate ester resin containing the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin is improved, the curing temperature in the cyanate ester polymerization process can be reduced, the rapid progress of the reaction is promoted, the reaction degree is improved, the toughness, the tensile strength, the bending strength and the flame retardant property of a resin system are improved, and the flame retardant property of the resin system is also considered while the mechanical property is ensured.
In order to improve the synergistic effect of the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin and other components in the composition and obtain the cyanate ester resin with excellent comprehensive performance, the composition preferably further comprises 100 parts by weight of bisphenol type cyanate ester monomer, 3-10 parts by weight of toughening resin, 2-5 parts by weight of liquid epoxy resin, 0.5-5 parts by weight of hyperbranched epoxy resin and 0.5-2 parts by weight of silane coupling agent; preferably, the bisphenol cyanate monomer is selected from any one or more of bisphenol A cyanate, bisphenol M cyanate, bisphenol F cyanate, bisphenol S cyanate, phenolic cyanate, dicyclopentadiene bisphenol cyanate; preferably, the toughening resin is a thermoplastic resin, preferably the thermoplastic resin is selected from one or more of polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide, polyethylene phthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyether ketone, polyaryletherketone, polyphenyl ether or polyphenoxy resin; preferably, the liquid epoxy resin is selected from any one or more of bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin, phenolic epoxy resin, p-aminophenol triglycidyl epoxy resin and amino tetrafunctional epoxy resin, and the silane coupling agent is gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and/or gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.
In order to further promote the full play of the properties of the hyperbranched epoxy resin, the weight part of the hyperbranched epoxy resin is preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, a cyanate ester resin is provided, which is obtained by polymerizing a composition, wherein the composition is the above-mentioned composition.
The composition contains the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin, so that the cyanate resin has excellent toughness, tensile strength, bending strength and flame retardant property, thereby ensuring the mechanical property and simultaneously considering the flame retardance of a resin system.
The advantageous effects of the present application will be described below with reference to specific examples and comparative examples.
Preparation example of phosphorus-containing flame-retardant hyperbranched epoxy resin
Preparation of example 1
Dissolving 1mol of 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) in 150mL of xylene at 95 ℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere, then dissolving 1mol of Maleic Anhydride (MA) in 100mL of tetrahydrofuran and slowly dropping the solution into the xylene solution of the DOPO, heating for reaction for 24 hours, and then removing the solvent by washing, drying over magnesium sulfate and reduced pressure distillation to obtain white DOPO-MA powder.
0.9mol of DOPO-MA, 1mol of tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC), 0.0095mol of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.0057mol of tetrabutyl titanate and 400mL of xylene are added into a three-neck flask connected with a water separator, a condenser pipe, a thermometer and a stirrer, and the temperature is raised to 160 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen for 6 hours. And after the reaction is finished, removing dimethylbenzene to obtain the hyperbranched polyester HPOH-2 containing the phosphorus-terminated hydroxyl.
Adding 0.1mol of HPOH-2, 12mol of epichlorohydrin and 0.05mmol of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into a reaction three-neck flask, reacting for 2 hours at 115 ℃, and distilling off excessive ECH after the reaction is finished; adding an organic solvent for full dissolution, slowly dropwise adding 4.8mol of a 40 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at 5 ℃, reacting for 5 hours, washing with water for three times after the reaction is finished, and removing the organic solvent to obtain the light yellow phosphorus-containing flame-retardant hyperbranched epoxy resin HPEP-2.
Preparation of example 2
Preparative example 2 to preparative example 1 differs in that,
0.75mol of DOPO-MA, 1mol of THEIC, 0.00875mol of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.00525mol of tetrabutyl titanate and 400mL of xylene are added into a three-neck flask connected with a water separator, a condenser pipe, a thermometer and a stirrer, and the temperature is raised to 160 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen for reaction for 6 hours. And after the reaction is finished, removing dimethylbenzene to obtain the hyperbranched polyester HPOH-1 containing the phosphorus-terminated hydroxyl.
Adding 0.1mol of HPOH-1, 12mol of epichlorohydrin and 0.05mmol of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into a reaction three-neck flask, reacting for 2 hours at 115 ℃, and distilling off excessive ECH after the reaction is finished; adding an organic solvent for full dissolution, slowly dropwise adding 4.8mol of a 40 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at 5 ℃, reacting for 5 hours, washing with water for three times after the reaction is finished, and removing the organic solvent to obtain the light yellow phosphorus-containing flame-retardant hyperbranched epoxy resin HPEP-1.
Preparation of example 3
Preparative example 3 to preparative example 1 differs in that,
0.9545mol DOPO-MA, 1mol THEIC, 0.00977mol p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.00586mol tetrabutyl titanate and 400mL xylene are added into a three-neck flask connected with a water separator, a condenser pipe, a thermometer and a stirrer, and the temperature is raised to 160 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen for 6 hours. And after the reaction is finished, removing dimethylbenzene to obtain the hyperbranched polyester HPOH-3 containing the phosphorus-terminated hydroxyl.
Adding 0.1mol of HPOH-3, 12mol of epichlorohydrin and 0.05mmol of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into a reaction three-neck flask, reacting for 2 hours at 115 ℃, and distilling off excessive ECH after the reaction is finished; adding an organic solvent for full dissolution, slowly dropwise adding 4.8mol of a 40 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at 5 ℃, reacting for 5 hours, washing with water for three times after the reaction is finished, and removing the organic solvent to obtain the light yellow phosphorus-containing flame-retardant hyperbranched epoxy resin HPEP-3.
Preparation of example 4
Preparative example 4 to preparative example 1 differs in that,
0.9783mol DOPO-MA, 1mol THEIC, 0.00989mol p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.00593mol tetrabutyl titanate and 400mL dimethylbenzene are added into a three-neck flask connected with a water separator, a condenser pipe, a thermometer and a stirrer, and the temperature is raised to 160 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen for 6 hours of reaction. And after the reaction is finished, removing dimethylbenzene to obtain the hyperbranched polyester HPOH-4 containing the phosphorus-terminated hydroxyl.
Adding 0.1mol of HPOH-4, 12mol of epichlorohydrin and 0.05mmol of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into a reaction three-neck flask, reacting for 2 hours at 115 ℃, and distilling off excessive ECH after the reaction is finished; adding an organic solvent for full dissolution, slowly dropwise adding 4.8mol of a 40 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at 5 ℃, reacting for 5 hours, washing with water for three times after the reaction is finished, and removing the organic solvent to obtain the light yellow phosphorus-containing flame-retardant hyperbranched epoxy resin HPEP-4.
Preparation of example 5
Preparative example 5 to preparative example 1 differs in that,
dissolving 1mol of 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) in 150mL of xylene at 95 ℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere, then dissolving 1mol of Itaconic Anhydride (IA) in 100mL of tetrahydrofuran and slowly dropping into the xylene solution of the DOPO, heating for reaction for 24 hours, and then removing the solvent by washing, drying over magnesium sulfate and reduced pressure distillation to obtain the DOPO-IA.
0.9mol of DOPO-IA, 1mol of THEIC, 0.0095mol of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.0057mol of tetrabutyl titanate and 400mL of xylene are added into a three-neck flask connected with a water separator, a condenser, a thermometer and a stirrer, and the temperature is raised to 160 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen for 6 hours. And after the reaction is finished, removing dimethylbenzene to obtain the phosphorus-containing hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester HPAOH-2.
Adding 0.1mol of HPAOH-2, 12mol of epichlorohydrin and 0.05mmol of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into a reaction three-neck flask, reacting for 2 hours at 115 ℃, and distilling off excessive ECH after the reaction is finished; adding an organic solvent for full dissolution, slowly dropwise adding 4.8mol of a 40 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at 5 ℃, reacting for 5 hours, washing with water for three times after the reaction is finished, and removing the organic solvent to obtain the light yellow phosphorus-containing flame-retardant hyperbranched epoxy resin HPAEP-2.
Examples for the preparation of cyanate ester resins
The preparation of cyanate ester resin is illustrated by example cyanate ester resin example 1:
heating 100 parts by weight of bisphenol A type cyanate ester monomer CY-1 to 130 ℃ for melting, adding 6 parts by weight of polysulfone PSF under a stirring state, after the polysulfone PSF is dissolved, continuously adding 5 parts by weight of liquid epoxy resin E-51, 1 part by weight of phosphorus-containing flame-retardant hyperbranched epoxy resin HPEP-2 and 0.5 part by weight of gamma-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, continuously reacting at 145 ℃ until the viscosity is 12000cp (100 ℃, tested by adopting a cone-plate viscometer), stopping heating, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the cyanate ester resin 1.
TABLE 1
CY-1 in the above Table 1 represents a bisphenol A type cyanate ester; polysulfone PSF represents a toughening agent; e-51 represents a liquid epoxy resin; HPEP-2 represents a hyperbranched epoxy resin containing phosphorus; nonyl phenol and cobalt acetylacetonate are both catalysts; DOPO stands for flame retardant; c represents gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (silane coupling agent).
Corresponding cyanate ester resins 2 to 12 were prepared, respectively, under similar reaction conditions to cyanate ester resin example 1, according to the contents of the components in each of examples 2 to 10, comparative example 1, and comparative example 2 listed in table 1 above.
Cyanate ester resin example 11
Cyanate ester resin example 11 differs from cyanate ester resin example 2 in that the phosphorous-containing flame retardant hyperbranched epoxy resin is HPEP-1, and finally, cyanate ester resin 13 is obtained.
Cyanate ester resin example 12
Cyanate ester resin example 12 differs from cyanate ester resin example 2 in that the phosphorous-containing flame retardant hyperbranched epoxy resin is HPEP-3, and finally cyanate ester resin 14 is obtained.
Cyanate ester resin example 13
Cyanate ester resin example 13 differs from cyanate ester resin example 2 in that the phosphorous-containing flame retardant hyperbranched epoxy resin is HPEP-4, and finally, cyanate ester resin 15 is obtained.
Cyanate ester resin example 14
Cyanate ester resin example 14 differs from cyanate ester resin example 2 in that the phosphorus-containing flame retardant hyperbranched epoxy resin is HPAEP-2, and finally, cyanate ester resin 16 is obtained.
Cyanate ester resin example 15
Cyanate ester resin example 15 differs from cyanate ester resin example 1 in that the cyanate ester monomer is bisphenol M type cyanate ester, and finally cyanate ester resin 17 is obtained.
Preparing a cyanate ester quartz fiber wave-transmitting prepreg: respectively putting cyanate ester resins 1 to 17 on a film coating machine at 75 ℃ to obtain the surface density of 31 +/-3 g/m2The adhesive film is then mixed with quartz fiber cloth (the surface density is 94 g/m) on an impregnation machine by adopting a double-sided impregnation process at the temperature of 90 DEG C2) The cyanate ester quartz fiber wave-transmitting prepreg is obtained by the action, and the surface density is 165 +/-5 g/m2。
Curing at 140 deg.C/2 h +190 deg.C/2 h by vacuum bag pressing process. The gel time of the resin was tested according to the third part drawing method of specification HB 7736.7-2004 at a test temperature of 180. + -. 1 ℃. Testing the warp-direction tensile property of the laminated board according to the ASTM D3039 standard in a RTD (real time resistance) environment at room temperature; testing the warp compression properties of the laminate according to ASTM D6641/D6641M-01; the laminates were tested for in-plane shear properties according to ASTM D4255/D4255-01; testing the glass transition temperature of the laminate according to ASTM D7028-07; carrying out flame retardant performance test according to the test standard specified by UL-94; and (3) testing the dielectric property of 10GHz by using an AET method. High temperature wet environment ETW (test specimens were moisture equilibrated at (70 ± 3) ° c, (85 ± 3)% RH, relative humidity) and then tested for laminate warp tensile properties at (135 ± 3) ° c TGA curves tested at a 10 ℃/min program temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere, with T5% representing the temperature at which 5% weight loss occurs (generally defined as the onset decomposition temperature) and the test results are set forth in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:
the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched polyol has a plurality of hydroxyl groups and a spatial three-dimensional structure. A large number of active groups such as hydroxyl groups exist on a highly branched molecular chain of the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin with a spatial three-dimensional structure, the advantages of low viscosity, high activity, good compatibility with other resin matrixes and the like are shown, and the resin has the effects of strengthening, toughening and the like in a resin system. Furthermore, when the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin is used for preparing cyanate ester resin, on one hand, an oxazoline structure can be generated by the reaction of an epoxy group and a cyanate ester group in the hyperbranched epoxy resin, so that the cross-linking density among resins is improved, and a phosphorus element and a nitrogen element are introduced into a resin modification system, so that the synergistic flame retardant effect is achieved through the synergy between the phosphorus element and the nitrogen element; on the other hand, hydroxyl on the phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin molecule can participate in the reaction of catalyzing the cyanate ester resin, so that the curing temperature can be reduced in the cyanate ester polymerization process, the rapid proceeding of the reaction is promoted, the reaction degree is improved, the toughness, the tensile strength, the bending strength and the flame retardant property of the resin system are improved, and the flame retardant property of the resin system is also considered while the mechanical property is ensured.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A hyperbranched phosphorus-containing polyol, comprising any one or more of the following general structural formulas:
Wherein R is5、R6、R9、R10Each independently selected from H, C1～C3Any one of the alkyl groups of (1), R1Wherein each of2To each other, R2Wherein each independently represents a group with a hydroxyl group, R1、R2Is connected to each other.
2. The hyperbranched phosphorus-containing polyol of claim 1, wherein R is2Is selected from
3. A preparation method of phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, carrying out esterification reaction on the compound 1 and tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate in a solvent to obtain hyperbranched polyester containing phosphorus-terminated hydroxyl;
step S2, carrying out ring opening/closing reaction on the hyperbranched polyester containing phosphorus end hydroxyl and epoxy chloropropane to obtain the hyperbranched epoxy resin containing phosphorus,
wherein, the compound 1 has the following structural general formula:
Wherein R is5、R6、R9、R10Each independently selected from H, C1～C3Any one of the alkyl groups of (1), R3、R4Are all H, or R3、R4Form an acid anhydride structure, R7、R8Are all H, or R7、R8Forming an anhydride structure.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the molar ratio of the compound 1 to the tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate is 46:45 to 4:3, preferably 22:21 to 10:9, and preferably the compound 1 is selected from the group consisting of
5. The process of claim 3, further comprising a process for the preparation of compound 1, the process comprising:
performing addition reaction on 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and dicarboxylic acid containing a carbon-carbon double bond and/or anhydride containing the carbon-carbon double bond to obtain the compound 1, wherein the dicarboxylic acid containing the carbon-carbon double bond is preferably itaconic acid and/or butenedioic acid, and the anhydride containing the carbon-carbon double bond is preferably selected from one or more of citraconic anhydride, itaconic anhydride and maleic anhydride.
6. A phosphorus-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin, which is obtained by the preparation method of any one of claims 3 to 5.
7. A composition comprising a hyperbranched epoxy resin, wherein the hyperbranched epoxy resin is the phosphorous-containing hyperbranched epoxy resin of claim 6.
8. The composition of claim 7, further comprising 100 parts by weight of bisphenol cyanate ester monomer, 3 to 10 parts by weight of toughening resin, 2 to 5 parts by weight of liquid epoxy resin, 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of hyperbranched epoxy resin, and 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of silane coupling agent; preferably, the bisphenol cyanate monomer is selected from any one or more of bisphenol a cyanate, bisphenol M cyanate, bisphenol F cyanate, bisphenol S cyanate, phenolic cyanate, dicyclopentadiene bisphenol cyanate; preferably, the toughening resin is a thermoplastic resin, preferably, the thermoplastic resin is selected from one or more of polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide, polyethylene phthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyether ketone, polyaryletherketone, polyphenylene oxide or polyphenoxy resin; preferably, the liquid epoxy resin is selected from any one or more of bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin, phenolic epoxy resin, p-aminophenol triglycidyl epoxy resin and amino tetrafunctional epoxy resin, and the silane coupling agent is gamma-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane and/or gamma-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane.
9. The composition of claim 7, wherein the hyperbranched epoxy resin is present in an amount of 0.5 to 5 parts by weight.
10. Cyanate ester resin, obtained by polymerization of a composition, characterized in that said composition is a composition according to any one of claims 7 to 9.
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