CN114683532A - In-situ construction method and application of pipeline in cement-based material - Google Patents
In-situ construction method and application of pipeline in cement-based material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114683532A CN114683532A CN202210297422.4A CN202210297422A CN114683532A CN 114683532 A CN114683532 A CN 114683532A CN 202210297422 A CN202210297422 A CN 202210297422A CN 114683532 A CN114683532 A CN 114683532A
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- Prior art keywords
- cement
- ink
- based material
- phase
- pipeline
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- Granted
Links
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an in-situ construction method and application of a pipeline in a cement-based material, and relates to the technical field of 3D printing materials. The invention provides an in-situ construction method of a pipeline in a cement-based material, which comprises the following steps: embedding a printing head of a 3D printer into cement-based material slurry, writing ink in the 3D printer into the cement-based material slurry under the control of a printing program, enabling the cement-based material slurry to flow after printing and embedding a track left by the movement of the printing head, printing a program-set structure by the ink in the cement-based material slurry, and after the cement-based material slurry is solidified, reserving the ink in the cement-based material according to self functions to form a pipeline or sacrifice the reserved pipeline. The method can construct the pipeline in situ in the cement-based material, has good formability and does not generate adverse effect on the cement-based material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing materials, in particular to an in-situ construction method and application of a pipeline in a cement-based material.
Background
In recent years, the 3D printing technology of cement-based materials has been remarkably developed, and has been gradually used in the construction fields of house buildings, roads and bridges, underground engineering, and the like, and has become a key intelligent construction technology for promoting the development of building construction to intellectualization, industrialization and informatization. However, the development of the cement-based material 3D printing technology is still in the first stage, and many problems need to be solved. In the process of layer-by-layer deposition in 3D printing, gaps or defects are easily generated between layers, the overall performance of the cement-based material is damaged, and a pipeline with good formability is difficult to obtain in the cement-based material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an in-situ construction method and application of a pipeline in a cement-based material. The method can construct the pipeline in situ in the cement-based material, has good formability and does not generate adverse effect on the cement-based material.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an in-situ construction method of a pipeline in a cement-based material, which comprises the following steps:
embedding a printing head of a 3D printer into cement-based material slurry, writing ink in the 3D printer into the cement-based material slurry under the control of a printing program, enabling the cement-based material slurry to flow after printing and embedding a track left by the movement of the printing head, printing a program-set structure by the ink in the cement-based material slurry, and after the cement-based material slurry is solidified, reserving the ink in the cement-based material according to self functions to form a pipeline or sacrifice the reserved pipeline;
the ink comprises a thermoplastic material, a solid-liquid phase change material, or a multiphase ink; the processing temperature of the thermoplastic material is below 250 ℃; the phase change point of the solid-liquid phase change material is below 120 ℃; the multi-phase ink is oil-water two-phase ink or gas-water two-phase ink.
Preferably, the initial setting time of the cement-based material slurry is higher than 10 min.
Preferably, the thermoplastic material comprises a thermoplastic polymer; the thermoplastic polymer comprises one or more of polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polybutylene succinate, nylon, polycarbonate and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer.
Preferably, the thermoplastic material further comprises a filler; the filler comprises an inorganic material or a thermoplastic elastomer.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the filler to the thermoplastic polymer is 0.1-1.0: 1.
preferably, the solid-liquid phase change material comprises a phase change material matrix; the phase-change material matrix comprises one or more of methyl palmitate, paraffin phase-change materials, octadecane, fatty acid and derivatives thereof.
Preferably, the solid-liquid phase change material further comprises a nanomaterial; the nano material comprises one or more of nano silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, graphene oxide, a carbon nano tube, montmorillonite, nano titanium dioxide and cellulose nanocrystal.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the nano material to the phase change material matrix is 0.001-1.0: 1.
preferably, when the ink is a thermoplastic material or a solid-liquid phase change material, printing is performed using a print head with an annular outlet;
when the ink is a multiphase ink, a print head with a circular outlet is used for printing.
The invention provides application of the pipeline obtained by the in-situ construction method in the technical scheme in material transmission, wiring or defect repair and stress repair.
The invention provides an in-situ construction method of a pipeline in a cement-based material, which comprises the following steps: embedding a printing head of a 3D printer into cement-based material slurry, writing ink in the 3D printer into the cement-based material slurry under the control of a printing program, enabling the cement-based material slurry to flow after printing and embedding a track left by the movement of the printing head, printing a program-set structure by the ink in the cement-based material slurry, and after the cement-based material slurry is solidified, reserving the ink in the cement-based material according to self functions to form a pipeline or sacrifice the reserved pipeline; the ink comprises a thermoplastic material, a solid-liquid phase change material, or a multi-phase ink; the processing temperature of the thermoplastic material is below 250 ℃; the phase change point of the solid-liquid phase change material is below 120 ℃; the multi-phase ink is oil-water two-phase ink or gas-water two-phase ink. In the invention, when the ink is a thermoplastic material or a solid-liquid phase change material, the ink keeps a flowing state when being extruded from a 3D printer, is changed into a solid state by temperature change after being extruded, is fixed in shape and is retained in a cement-based material to form a pipeline; when the ink is oil-water two-phase ink, the ink is firstly used as a pipeline template after being formed, water in the oil-water two-phase ink participates in hydration along with the solidification and drying of the cement-based material slurry, the ink loses stability to release an oil phase, and the released oil phase is adsorbed by the wall of the porous cement-based pipe to form a pipeline with the oil phase material as the pipe wall; when the ink is gas-water two-phase ink, the gas-water two-phase ink keeps a flowing state when being extruded from the 3D printer, the ink is molded after being extruded, the molded ink is firstly used as a pipeline template, water in the gas-water two-phase ink participates in hydration along with the solidification and drying of the cement-based material slurry, the emulsion loses stability, bubbles break, and a pipeline with the cement-based material as a pipe wall is formed. The method can construct the pipeline in situ in the cement-based material, has good formability and does not generate adverse effect on the cement-based material.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of embedded 3D printing and a prepared pipeline;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of an X-ray computed tomograph (XCT) projection of the hollow tube prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of an XCT reconstruction of a hollow tube prepared in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the Zigzag piping prepared in example 3 and a graph of the effect of delivery to an aqueous reagent;
fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the Zigzag pipe prepared in example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an in-situ construction method of a pipeline in a cement-based material, which comprises the following steps:
embedding a printing head of a 3D printer into cement-based material slurry, writing ink in the 3D printer into the cement-based material slurry under the control of a printing program, enabling the cement-based material slurry to flow after printing and embedding a track left by the movement of the printing head, printing a program-set structure by the ink in the cement-based material slurry, and after the cement-based material slurry is solidified, reserving the ink in the cement-based material according to self functions to form a pipeline or sacrifice the reserved pipeline; the ink comprises a thermoplastic material, a solid-liquid phase change material, or a multi-phase ink; the processing temperature of the thermoplastic material is below 250 ℃; the phase change point of the solid-liquid phase change material is below 120 ℃; the multi-phase ink comprises oil-water two-phase ink or gas-water two-phase ink.
In the invention, the initial setting time of the cement-based material slurry is preferably higher than 10min, and more preferably 10-200 min. In the present invention, the cement-based material slurry has thixotropy. In the present invention, the cement-based material slurry preferably includes a portland cement-based material slurry or a modified composite material slurry thereof, an aluminate cement-based material slurry or a modified composite material slurry thereof, a sulphoaluminate cement-based material slurry or a modified composite material slurry thereof, a ferroaluminate cement-based material slurry or a modified composite material slurry thereof, a chlorofluorocarbon cement-based material slurry or a modified composite material slurry thereof, and a phosphate cement-based material slurry or a modified composite material slurry thereof.
In the invention, the processing temperature of the thermoplastic material is below 250 ℃, preferably 25-250 ℃. In the present invention, the thermoplastic material preferably includes a thermoplastic polymer; the thermoplastic polymer preferably comprises one or more of polylactic acid (PLA), Polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene succinate (PBS), nylon, polycarbonate and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS). In the present invention, the thermoplastic material preferably further comprises a filler; the filler preferably comprises an inorganic material or a thermoplastic elastomer; the inorganic material preferably comprises one or more of talcum powder, nano hydroxyapatite, expanded graphite, nano silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, graphene oxide, a carbon nano tube, montmorillonite, nano titanium dioxide and cellulose nanocrystal; the minimum dimension of the inorganic material is preferably 0.5-200 nm. In the present invention, the thermoplastic elastomer preferably includes one or more of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU), Polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene succinate (PBS), and polyvinyl alcohol (PEG).
In the present invention, when the thermoplastic material includes a thermoplastic polymer and a filler, the mass ratio of the filler to the thermoplastic polymer is preferably 0.001 to 1.0: 1, more preferably 0.001 to 0.2.
In the present invention, when the ink is a thermoplastic material, it is preferred to print using a print head with an annular outlet. In the invention, the thermoplastic material keeps a flowing state when being extruded from the 3D printer, and is changed into a solid state and fixed in shape by temperature change after being extruded. The invention adopts the printing head with the annular outlet to print, and directly prints into the pipeline with the thermoplastic material as the pipe wall.
In the invention, the phase change point of the solid-liquid phase change material is below 120 ℃, preferably 25-90 ℃. In the present invention, the solid-liquid phase change material preferably comprises a phase change material matrix; the phase-change material matrix preferably comprises one or more of methyl palmitate, paraffin phase-change materials, octadecane, fatty acid and derivatives thereof; the fatty acid preferably comprises lauric acid or stearic acid. In the present invention, the solid-liquid phase-change material preferably further includes a nanomaterial; the nano material preferably comprises one or more of nano silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, graphene oxide, a carbon nano tube, montmorillonite, nano titanium dioxide and cellulose nanocrystal. In the invention, the smallest dimension of the nano material is 0.5-200 nm, and more preferably 1-100 nm.
In the invention, when the solid-liquid phase change material comprises a phase change material matrix and a nano material, the mass ratio of the nano material to the phase change material matrix is preferably 0.001-1.0: 1, more preferably 0.001 to 0.2: 1.
in the present invention, when the ink is a solid-liquid phase change material, it is preferable to perform printing using a print head with an annular outlet. In the invention, the solid-liquid phase-change material keeps a flowing state when being extruded from the 3D printer, and is changed into a solid state and fixed in shape by temperature change after being extruded. The invention adopts the printing head with the annular outlet to print, and directly prints into the pipeline with the solid-liquid phase change material as the pipe wall.
In the present invention, the multi-phase ink includes an oil-water two-phase ink or an air-water two-phase ink. In the present invention, when the ink is a multi-phase ink, it is preferable to perform printing using a print head having a circular outlet.
In the invention, the oil-water two-phase ink is an oil-water two-phase emulsion. In the present invention, the oil-water two-phase ink preferably includes a water phase, an oil phase, and a two-phase interface stabilizer. In the present invention, the two-phase interface stabilizer preferably includes at least one of a nanomaterial, a surfactant, and an amphiphilic polymer; the nano material is preferably at least one of graphene oxide, hectorite, cellulose nanocrystal, cellulose nanofiber, carbon nanotube, silver nanoparticle, molybdenum sulfide and MAXene carbon material; the surfactant is preferably at least one of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, polydimethylsiloxane with an amino end group, amino-terminated polystyrene, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecylsulfate, sodium octadecyl sulfate, sodium dioctyl succinate sulfonate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; the amphiphilic polymer is preferably at least one of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, polyallylamine, polyvinylamine, and polyvinylpyridine. In the present invention, the oil phase preferably comprises a pipe wall material, a sealing material or a hydrophobic finish material. In the invention, the pipe wall material is preferably at least one of epoxy resin, polyurethane and polystyrene; the sealing material is preferably at least one of methyl palmitate, paraffin, octadecane and lauric acid; the hydrophobic modification material is preferably at least one of a silane coupling agent, stearic acid and a fluorocarbon silane coupling agent.
In the present invention, the volume ratio of the water phase and the oil phase in the oil-water two-phase ink is preferably 1: 0.05 to 9, and more preferably 1:0.2 to 9. According to the invention, the volume ratio of the water phase to the oil phase is controlled within the range, so that emulsion breaking of the emulsion can be avoided, the 3D printing multi-phase ink has stable performance, and a pipeline with good performance is obtained.
In the oil-water two-phase ink, the mass content of the two-phase interface stabilizer in the oil phase is preferably 0.05-10 wt%, and more preferably 0.1-5 wt%.
In the present invention, the oil-water two-phase ink preferably includes a cross-linkable oil-water two-phase ink or a thixotropic oil-water two-phase ink. In the invention, the crosslinkable oil-water two-phase ink comprises, besides the water phase, the oil phase and the two-phase interface stabilizer, a carboxylic acid group-containing polymer, a carboxylic acid group-containing nanomaterial and a co-emulsifier which are dispersed in the water phase. In the present invention, the carboxylic acid group-containing polymer preferably includes sodium alginate, cellulose acetate or carboxymethyl cellulose; the carboxylic acid group-containing nanomaterial preferably comprises graphene oxide or cellulose acetate nanocrystals; the coemulsifier preferably comprises n-butanol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerol, polyglycerol ester or tween 80. In the invention, the mass contents of the carboxylic acid group-containing polymer, the carboxylic acid group-containing nanomaterial and the co-emulsifier in the aqueous phase are independently preferably 0.5-30 wt%, and more preferably 0.5-5 wt%.
In the invention, the oil-water two-phase ink keeps a flowing state when being extruded from a 3D printer, and is molded after being extruded. When the oil-water two-phase ink is crosslinkable oil-water two-phase ink, the multiphase ink is formed by ion crosslinking in the cement-based material slurry. When the oil-water two-phase ink is thixotropic oil-water two-phase ink, the oil-water two-phase ink is formed by depending on the shear thinning effect and the rheological property of high modulus of the oil-water two-phase ink, and the shear thinning effect ensures that the ink keeps a fluid state under the action of shear stress in the extrusion process; the high modulus ensures that the ink quickly recovers a viscoelastic solid state after extrusion, thereby maintaining the printed shape and structure.
In the invention, the oil-water two-phase ink is firstly used as a pipeline template after being formed, water in the oil-water two-phase ink participates in hydration along with the solidification and drying of the cement-based material slurry, the oil phase is released after the stability of the ink is lost, and the released oil phase is adsorbed by the wall of the porous cement-based pipe to form a pipeline with the oil-phase material as the pipe wall.
In the invention, the gas-water two-phase ink is a gas-water two-phase emulsion. In the present invention, the gas-water two-phase ink preferably comprises a water phase, a gas phase and an interfacial stabilizer; the interface stabilizer preferably comprises at least one of nanoparticles, a surfactant, polymer micro-nano particles and proteins. In the present invention, the nanoparticles are preferably at least one of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, clay particles, fibrous sepiolite, anatase particles, cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibers, and surface-modified particles of the above nanoparticles; the smallest dimension of the nanoparticles is preferably 1-100 nm. In the present invention, the surfactant is preferably at least one of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, polydimethylsiloxane having an amino group at both ends, dodecylpolyoxyethylene, sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, cationic perfluoropolyether acetic acid trimethylamine, sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, and the like. In the invention, the polymer micro-nano particles are preferably at least one of polystyrene hybrid particles; the polystyrene hybrid particles are preferably 2,2 '-azobisisobutylamidine dihydrochloride-styrene particles and polyethylene glycol methacrylate-2, 2' -azobisisobutylamidine dihydrochloride-styrene particles or styrene particles of diethylaminoethyl methacrylate polymer chains. In the present invention, the protein is preferably at least one of whey protein WPI, sodium caseinate, gelatin and pure β -lactoglobulin. In the present invention, the gas phase is preferably at least one of air and carbon dioxide.
In the present invention, the volume ratio of the aqueous phase to the gas phase in the gas-water two-phase ink is preferably 1: 0.05 to 9, and more preferably 1:2 to 9. The volume ratio of the water phase to the gas phase is controlled within the range, emulsion breaking of the emulsion can be avoided, and the 3D printing multiphase ink is stable in performance.
In the invention, the gas-water two-phase ink keeps a flowing state when being extruded from a 3D printer, and is molded after being extruded. The formed printing ink is firstly used as a pipeline template, water in the gas-water two-phase printing ink participates in hydration along with the solidification and drying of the cement-based material slurry, emulsion loses stability, bubbles break, and a pipeline with the cement-based material as a pipe wall is formed. In the invention, the flow of the cement-based material slurry fills gaps, and the cement-based material slurry cannot flow in a large range because of the net flowing water pressure.
In the invention, the inner diameter of the needle tube of the 3D printer is preferably 1-2 mm; the extrusion flow is preferably 1-3 mL/min; the moving speed of the printing head is preferably 5-45 mm/s, and more preferably 15-20 mm/s.
The invention provides application of the pipeline obtained by the in-situ construction method in the technical scheme in material transmission, wiring or defect repair and stress repair. The macroscopic pipeline prepared by the method can solve the problems of material transmission and wiring in the 3D building structure; the micro-scale pipeline prepared by the method can be used for transmitting a repairing agent and repairing the interlayer defects and stress of the 3D printing cement-based material. The inner diameter of the pipeline prepared by the method is preferably 0.05-50 mm, and more preferably 0.1-20 mm; the inner diameter of the macroscopic pipeline is preferably 1-20 mm; the inner diameter of the micro-scale pipeline is preferably 0.1-0.5 mm.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Dissolving sodium alginate in water to obtain a sodium alginate solution; the mass content of sodium alginate in the sodium alginate solution is 2.5%;
taking the sodium alginate solution as a water phase, methyl palmitate as an oil phase and Tween 80 as a two-phase interface stabilizer to obtain oil-water two-phase ink with the volume ratio of the oil phase to the water phase being 1: 2; the mass fraction of the Tween 80 in the oil phase is 1.0%.
Mixing water and P.O 42.5.5 cement according to a mass ratio of 0.4:1 to obtain cement paste;
the oil-water two-phase ink is used as the ink for 3D printing, a printing head of a 3D printer is embedded into cement paste, the oil-water two-phase ink in the 3D printer is written into the cement paste under the control of a printing program, a program set structure is printed out by the oil-water two-phase ink in the cement paste, after the cement paste is solidified, water in the oil-water two-phase ink is absorbed by cement to participate in hydration, the two-phase ink loses stability, the oil phase, namely methyl palmitate, is released, and the porous cement-based pipe wall is sealed and decorated, so that a hollow pipeline is obtained.
The printing head of the 3D printer is a circular outlet; the inner diameter of a needle tube of the 3D printer is 1.64mm, the extrusion flow is 3mL/min, the moving speed of the printing head is 15mm/s, and the obtained hollow pipeline is shown in figure 2. The pipeline is helical structure, and the pipeline diameter is 2 mm.
By pumping the sodium silicate solution into the obtained hollow pipeline, the sodium silicate solution can enter from the inlet of the pipeline and flow out from the outlet of the pipeline, and the volume ratio of the inflowing sodium silicate solution to the outflowing sodium silicate solution is more than 98 percent, so that the pipeline has better transmission capacity for the aqueous reagent.
Example 2
Preparing thixotropic oil-water two-phase ink by using a Pickering emulsion method by using a hectorite (Lap) aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5% as a water phase, methyl palmitate as an oil phase and hectorite and didodecyldimethylammonium bromide as a composite interface stabilizer (the mass ratio of the hectorite to the didodecyldimethylammonium bromide is 5: 0.1); the volume ratio of the oil phase to the water phase is 1: 2.
Mixing water and P.O 42.5.5 cement in a mass ratio of 0.4:1 to obtain cement slurry;
the oil-water two-phase printing ink is used as the 3D printing ink, a printing head of a 3D printer is embedded into cement paste, the oil-water two-phase printing ink in the 3D printer is written into the cement paste under the control of a printing program, a program set structure is printed out by the oil-water two-phase printing ink in the cement paste, after the cement paste is solidified, water in the oil-water two-phase printing ink is absorbed by cement to participate in hydration, the two-phase printing ink loses stability, an oil phase, namely methyl palmitate is released, and the porous cement-based pipe wall is sealed and modified, so that a hollow pipeline is obtained.
The printing head of the 3D printer is a circular outlet; the inner diameter of the needle tube of the 3D printer is 1.64mm and 3mL/min, the moving speed of the printing head is 20mm/s, and the obtained hollow pipeline is shown in FIG. 3. The pipeline is of a spiral structure, and the diameter of the pipeline is 1.54 mm.
By pumping the sodium silicate solution into the obtained hollow pipeline, the sodium silicate solution can enter from the inlet of the pipeline and flow out from the outlet of the pipeline, and the volume ratio of the inflowing sodium silicate solution to the outflowing sodium silicate solution is more than 98 percent, so that the pipeline has better transmission capacity for the aqueous reagent.
Example 3
Dispersing silicon dioxide (Lap) nanoparticles with the particle size of 10nm as an interface stabilizer in water to form an aqueous phase dispersion liquid with the mass fraction of 5%; gas-water emulsion (foam) with gas volume ratio higher than 95% was prepared with air as gas phase under stirring at 400 rpm.
Mixing water and P.O 42.5.5 cement in a mass ratio of 0.4:1 to obtain cement slurry;
use the air water emulsion is as 3D prints and uses the ink, buries the printer head of 3D printer in the grout, writes in the air water emulsion ink in the 3D printer under printing program control in the grout, the air water emulsion ink prints out the structure that the procedure set for in grout, treats grout solidification back, and air water emulsion is along with gaseous diffusion and the influence disproportionation (bubble rupture) of the inside high pH of cement-based material release pipeline space to obtain no tube wall cavity pipeline in cement-based material.
The printing head of the 3D printer is a circular outlet; the inner diameter of a needle tube of the 3D printer is 1.64mm, the extrusion flow is 3mL/min, the moving speed of the printing head is 20mm/s, the obtained hollow pipeline is of a Zigzag structure, a schematic diagram is shown in figures 4-5, and the diameter of the pipeline is 1.60 mm.
Example 4
Thermoplastic polymer polylactic acid (PLA) is used as ink, printing is carried out in cement paste (water and P.O 42.5.5 cement are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.4: 1), and a hollow pipeline with the PLA as a pipe wall is constructed in situ.
And embedding a printing head of a 3D printer into the cement paste by taking the PLA as the ink for 3D printing, and heating the PLA to 230 ℃ under the control of a printing program to enable the PLA to be in a liquid state. Extruding PLA into an annular tubular printing head and printing the PLA into the cement paste, solidifying the extruded PLA in the cement-based material to form a pipeline and forming a programmed structure. The cement paste flows to fill the marks scratched by the running of the printing head and the gap between the printing head and the PLA pipe. And obtaining the cement structure with the pipeline after the cement paste is solidified.
The printing head of the 3D printer is an annular outlet; the inner diameter of a printing head ring of the 3D printer is 1.64mm, the outer diameter of the printing head ring is 2.14mm, the extrusion flow is 3mL/min, the moving speed of the printing head is 15mm/s, and a hollow pipeline with the PLA pipe wall thickness of 0.5mm is obtained. The pipeline is helical structure, and the pipeline diameter is 2 mm.
Pumping aqueous repair agent sodium silicate solution or oily repair agent epoxy resin into the obtained hollow pipeline, wherein the volume ratio of inflowing liquid to outflowing liquid can reach more than 99 percent, and the pipeline is proved to have better transmission capability on the repair agent.
Example 5
The phase change material (stearic acid) is used as ink, printing is carried out in cement paste (water and P.O 42.5.5 cement are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.4: 1), and a hollow pipeline with the stearic acid as a pipe wall is constructed in situ.
And embedding a printing head of a 3D printer into the cement paste by taking the stearic acid as ink for 3D printing, and heating the stearic acid to 90 ℃ under the control of a printing program to enable the stearic acid to be in a liquid state. And extruding the liquid stearic acid to an annular tubular printing head and printing the liquid stearic acid in the cement paste, cooling and solidifying the extruded stearic acid in the cement-based material to form a pipeline and forming a programmed structure. The cement paste flows to fill the marks scratched by the running of the printing head and the gap between the printing head and the stearic acid tube. And obtaining the cement structure with the pipeline after the cement paste is solidified.
The printing head of the 3D printer is an annular outlet; the inner diameter of a printing head of the 3D printer is 1.64mm, the outer diameter of the printing head is 2.14mm, the extrusion flow is 3mL/min, the moving speed of the printing head is 15mm/s, and a hollow pipeline with the stearic acid pipe wall thickness of 0.5mm is obtained. The pipeline is helical structure, and the pipeline diameter is 2 mm.
Pumping aqueous repairing agent sodium silicate solution or oily repairing agent epoxy resin into the obtained hollow pipeline, wherein the volume ratio of inflow liquid to outflow liquid can reach more than 99 percent, and the pipeline is proved to have better transmission capability to the repairing agent.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An in-situ construction method of a pipeline in a cement-based material, comprising the following steps:
embedding a printing head of a 3D printer into cement-based material slurry, writing ink in the 3D printer into the cement-based material slurry under the control of a printing program, enabling the cement-based material slurry to flow after printing and embedding a track left by the movement of the printing head, printing a program-set structure by the ink in the cement-based material slurry, and after the cement-based material slurry is solidified, reserving the ink in the cement-based material according to self functions to form a pipeline or sacrifice the reserved pipeline;
the ink comprises a thermoplastic material, a solid-liquid phase change material, or a multiphase ink; the processing temperature of the thermoplastic material is below 250 ℃; the phase change point of the solid-liquid phase change material is below 120 ℃; the multi-phase ink is oil-water two-phase ink or gas-water two-phase ink.
2. The in situ construction method of claim 1, wherein the cement-based material slurry has an initial set time greater than 10 min.
3. The in situ construction method of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic material comprises a thermoplastic polymer; the thermoplastic polymer comprises one or more of polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polybutylene succinate, nylon, polycarbonate and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer.
4. The in situ construction method of claim 3, wherein the thermoplastic material further comprises a filler; the filler comprises an inorganic material or a thermoplastic elastomer.
5. The in-situ construction method according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the filler to the thermoplastic polymer is 0.1-1.0: 1.
6. the in-situ construction method of claim 1, wherein the solid-to-liquid phase change material comprises a phase change material matrix; the phase-change material matrix comprises one or more of methyl palmitate, paraffin phase-change materials, octadecane, fatty acid and derivatives thereof.
7. The in-situ construction method of claim 6, wherein the solid-liquid phase-change material further comprises a nanomaterial; the nano material comprises one or more of nano silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, graphene oxide, a carbon nano tube, montmorillonite, nano titanium dioxide and cellulose nanocrystal.
8. The in-situ construction method according to claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of the nano material to the phase-change material matrix is 0.001-1.0: 1.
9. the in-situ construction method according to claim 1, wherein when the ink is a thermoplastic material or a solid-liquid phase change material, printing is performed using a print head with an annular outlet;
when the ink is a multiphase ink, a print head with a circular outlet is used for printing.
10. Use of the pipe obtained by the in situ construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for transporting materials, wiring or defects, stress repair.
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