CN114682572B - Method for accurately removing transparent paint layer by laser - Google Patents
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- CN114682572B CN114682572B CN202210489458.2A CN202210489458A CN114682572B CN 114682572 B CN114682572 B CN 114682572B CN 202210489458 A CN202210489458 A CN 202210489458A CN 114682572 B CN114682572 B CN 114682572B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/0035—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like
- B08B7/0042—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like by laser
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for accurately removing a transparent paint layer by laser, which comprises the following steps: (1) cleaning the surface of an object to be subjected to paint removal; (2) selecting a transparent flexible film; (3) Preparing a cylindrical through hole array with taper on the surface of the flexible film to form a transparent film with the cylindrical through hole array; then, siO2 or TiO2 or Cu pellets with the diameter of 60-120 mu m are laid on the transparent film with the cylindrical through hole array in a self-assembly manner; (4) Placing the small ball array film on the surface of an object to be depainted; (5) Irradiating the bead array film with infrared wavelength laser to remove the transparent paint layer; and repeating the step 5) until all areas needing paint removal are completely removed. The invention adopts a laser paint removal mode based on near-field photons, realizes near-field enhancement by focusing an incident light field through the small sphere array film, improves the effect of removing the transparent paint layer by laser, and solves the defect of poor effect of removing the transparent paint layer by the existing laser paint removal technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser processing, and particularly relates to a method for accurately removing a transparent paint layer by laser.
Background
The paint layer coated on the surface of high-end equipment such as airplanes, high-speed rails and the like can play roles in decoration, corrosion resistance strengthening and the like. In general, the topcoat layer is composed of a pretreatment layer, a primer layer, a topcoat layer, and a clear coat layer. Wherein, the pretreatment layer (commonly called putty layer) has the function of enhancing the adhesion between the primer layer and the object; the primer layer has the functions of slowing down the permeation of corrosive media and enhancing the absorption of the finish paint to form a finish paint layer; the surface paint layer has the functions of isolating the external environment and coloring; the varnish layer has the function of increasing gloss, hardness and is usually colorless and transparent.
Before maintenance and coating change of high-end equipment such as airplanes and high-speed rails and the like, paint removal operation needs to be carried out on a surface paint layer of the high-end equipment, and one or more layers of transparent varnish, finish paint and primer paint are removed according to needs. When the paint is removed by a chemical method, a large amount of toxic waste liquid polluting the environment is generated, the spraying of chemical agents has great harm to the health of operators, and the total cost is high (for example, the cost of the paint removing chemical agents and the labor cost required by a medium aircraft is about 10-15 ten thousand yuan, and the cost does not include the cost of waste liquid treatment and a large amount of tool cleaning materials). Meanwhile, when the chemical components of varnish, finish paint or primer are similar, the varnish can only be removed together during paint removal, and the rest paint layers cannot be reserved. Therefore, it is highly desirable to find new methods for removing paint layers.
Laser paint removal is a technology for selectively removing a functional layer on the surface of a matrix by utilizing ablation and decomposition effects, vibration and impact effects generated between laser and paint layer materials. At present, the research on the laser paint removal process mainly focuses on the research and development of a laser paint removal device, the influence rule and the selection method of laser paint removal process parameters, the evaluation method of laser paint removal effect and the like.
However, the existing laser paint removal technical research mainly aims at the opaque paint layer, and cannot achieve a good effect under the condition that the transparent paint layer needs to be removed. The reason is that the laser has the characteristic of low absorption in the transparent paint layer, so that the laser directly penetrates through the transparent paint layer, and then the subsequent ablation effect and vibration effect can remove the transparent varnish layer together with the opaque finish paint and the primer layer, so that the precise removal of the surface transparent varnish layer can not be realized, and the underlying finish paint and the primer layer can not be damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for accurately removing a transparent paint layer by using laser based on near-field photons; the method comprises the steps of constructing a small ball array film, irradiating laser on the small ball array film to generate nano photon jet flow, and further removing a transparent varnish layer below the small ball array film.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for accurately removing a transparent paint layer by laser comprises the following steps:
(1) Cleaning the surface of an object to be subjected to paint removal to remove dust on the surface of the object;
(2) Selecting a transparent flexible film, wherein the thickness of the film is 0.1-0.2 mm, and the heat-resistant temperature is more than 200 ℃;
(3) Preparing a cylindrical through hole array with the taper at the interval of 70-1300 mu m on the surface of the flexible film in the step (2) to form a transparent film with the cylindrical through hole array; the diameter of the upper end of each cylinder through hole in the tapered cylinder through hole array is 70-130 mu m, the diameter of the lower end of each cylinder is 50-110 mu m, and the number of the through holes is not less than 7000 through holes per square centimeter;
then, siO2 or TiO2 or Cu pellets with the diameter of 60-120 mu m are laid on the transparent film with the cylindrical through hole array, and the diameter of the pellets is required to be smaller than the diameter of the upper end of the cylindrical through hole and larger than the diameter of the lower end of the cylindrical through hole; the laying method comprises the steps of pouring suspension liquid with small balls onto a transparent film with a cylindrical through hole array, applying ultrasonic vibration to drive the small balls to roll into the cylindrical through holes to realize self-assembly, and arranging the small balls on the transparent film in a one-to-one correspondence manner with the cylindrical through holes to form the small ball array film;
(4) Placing the small ball array film obtained in the step (3) on the surface of an object to be subjected to paint removal, so that the small ball array film is just above the paint layer;
(5) Irradiating the bead array film with infrared wavelength laser to remove the transparent paint layer;
(6) Moving the small ball array film to the position above the new paint removing area; and repeating the step 5) until all areas needing paint removal are completely removed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention solves the defect of poor effect of removing the transparent paint layer by the existing laser paint removing technology. The invention adopts a laser paint removal mode based on near-field photons, and focuses an incident light field through the small sphere array film to realize near-field enhancement, thereby improving the effect of removing the transparent paint layer by laser.
2. The invention solves the control precision defect of the existing laser paint removing technology, and greatly improves the processing precision in the laser paint removing process. When the traditional laser paint removing technology changes the paint removing thickness, complex coupling among a large number of process parameters needs to be considered, and a preliminary experiment needs to be repeated to determine approximate parameters. By adopting the method, the processing depth can be accurately determined only by changing the laser power and the diameter and arrangement mode of the small balls.
3. The invention has high paint layer removing speed. The traditional laser paint removal method can be used for processing only by focusing a light beam and adjusting the size and shape of a light spot to be suitable, the non-focusing mode can save the operation and time, and when a laser beam is irradiated on the small ball array film, a near field enhancement effect can be formed in a very short time, so that the transparent paint layer is removed.
4. The invention reduces the energy consumption of laser paint removal. The paint removal requirement can be achieved only by lower energy.
5. The invention can realize that the laser can process complicated curved surface shapes. When the traditional laser paint removing mode is used for removing paint from a complex curved surface, the effect is poor because the position of a focus is separated from the curved surface, and the small ball array film adopted by the invention can be attached to the curved surface, so that the laser paint removing of the complex curved surface is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the removal of a clear lacquer layer using a bead array film;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a bead array film in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a bead array membrane in example 3;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a method for accurately removing a transparent paint layer by using laser based on near-field photons, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Cleaning the surface of an object to be depainted by using modes of air blowing, water spraying and the like to remove dust on the surface of the object;
(2) Selecting a transparent and high-temperature-resistant (more than 200 ℃) flexible film with the thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm, wherein the material of the film can be silicon dioxide (SiO 2), liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) or Polyimide (PI) and the like;
(3) As shown in fig. 1, preparing a tapered cylindrical through hole array with a spacing of 70 μm to 1300 μm on the surface of the flexible film in the step (2), and forming a transparent film with the cylindrical through hole array; the diameter of the upper end of each cylindrical through hole in the cylindrical through hole array with the taper is 70-130 mu m, the diameter of the lower end of each cylindrical through hole is 50-110 mu m, the number of the through holes is not less than 7000 through holes per square centimeter, and the number of the through holes is determined according to the interval between the through holes;
then, siO2 or TiO2 or Cu pellets with the diameter of 60-120 mu m are laid on the transparent film with the cylindrical through hole array, and the diameter of the pellets is required to be smaller than the diameter of the upper end of the cylindrical through hole and larger than the diameter of the lower end of the cylindrical through hole; the laying method comprises the steps of pouring suspension liquid with small balls onto a transparent film with a cylindrical through hole array, applying ultrasonic vibration to drive the small balls to roll into the cylindrical through holes to realize self-assembly, and arranging the small balls on the transparent film in a one-to-one correspondence manner with the cylindrical through holes to form a small ball array film 1;
(4) Placing the small ball array film obtained in the step (3) on the surface of the object 2 to be paint-removed, so that the small ball array film is just above the paint layer 3;
(5) Irradiating the small ball array film by using infrared wavelength laser with the pulse width of 10 ns-200 ns and the power of 10W-300W.
When the material of the small ball is SiO2 or TiO2, the laser beam is focused through the small spherical lens to form a photon nanometer jet effect, so that the light intensity below the small ball within a radius range is greatly increased to be several times of the original light intensity, the energy density threshold required by laser ablation of the transparent paint layer is reduced, and the transparent paint layer can be quickly and effectively removed.
When the material of the pellet is Cu, the main processing principle is a plasmon effect, namely, under the combined action of excitation of an external electromagnetic field and attraction of atomic nuclei, surface free electrons generate collective oscillation to cause local distribution of charges, so that laser generates near field enhancement on the surface of the Cu nanospheres, the energy density threshold required by laser ablation of the transparent paint layer is reduced, and the transparent paint layer can be quickly and effectively removed.
(6) Moving the small ball array film to the position above the new paint removing area; and repeating the step 5) until all areas needing paint removal are completely removed.
Example 1:
CFRP (carbon fiber composite) with the size of 100mm multiplied by 200mm multiplied by 2mm is selected as a sample, and the surface of the sample is provided with ES1501 light color polyurethane aircraft composite special primer, TS70-1 polyurethane enamel for aircraft skin and S01-20 aircraft skin varnish. The average thicknesses were 20 μm, 40 μm, and 20 μm, respectively.
The method for removing the transparent paint layer by adopting the laser accurate removal method based on the near-field photons comprises the following steps:
(1) Cleaning the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water respectively to remove dust on the surface of the sample;
(2) As shown in fig. 2, a silicon dioxide film 4 with the size of 100mm × 100mm × 0.1mm is taken, a green picosecond pulse laser with the wavelength of 515nm and the pulse width of 10ps is used for ablating a tapered cylindrical through hole array with the interval of 70 μm on the film, the diameter of the upper end of the cylinder is 70 μm, the diameter of the lower end of the cylinder is 50 μm, the number of holes is not less than 20000 per square centimeter, siO2 small balls with the diameter of 60 μm are laid on a transparent film with holes, and the small balls and the holes are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner to form an array film through self-assembly;
(3) Placing the small ball array film obtained in the step (2) on the surface of an object to be subjected to paint removal;
(4) The laser generated by a TEA CO2 laser with the laser power of 100W and the pulse width of 100ns is used for irradiating the small ball array film, the laser beam is focused by a small spherical lens, so that the light intensity in a range of about 30 mu m below the small ball is greatly increased, the energy density threshold required by the laser ablation of the transparent paint layer is reduced, and the purpose of removing the transparent aircraft skin varnish on the surface of the sample is achieved.
(5) And (5) moving the small ball array membrane to a new area to be depainted, and repeating the step (4) until the depainting is completed.
Example 2 the procedure of example 1 was followed except that in the step (2), the beads 5 were self-assembled in a liquid polyamic acid solution using a spin coating method, and then dried at a high temperature to solidify the polyimide 6 to form a bead array film (shown in fig. 3).
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified in numerous ways, and that such modifications do not depart from the scope of the invention. All such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of this claim.
Claims (3)
1. A method for accurately removing a transparent paint layer by laser is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Cleaning the surface of an object to be subjected to paint removal to remove dust on the surface of the object;
(2) Selecting a transparent flexible film, wherein the thickness of the film is 0.1-0.2 mm, and the heat-resistant temperature is more than 200 ℃;
(3) Preparing a cylindrical through hole array with the taper at the interval of 70-1300 mu m on the surface of the flexible film in the step (2) to form a transparent film with the cylindrical through hole array; the diameter of the upper end of each cylindrical through hole in the cylindrical through hole array with the taper is 70-130 micrometers, the diameter of the lower end of each cylindrical through hole is 50-110 micrometers, and the number of the through holes is not less than 7000 through holes per square centimeter;
then, siO2 or TiO2 or Cu pellets with the diameter of 60-120 mu m are laid on the transparent film with the cylindrical through hole array, and the diameter of the pellets is required to be smaller than the diameter of the upper end of the cylindrical through hole and larger than the diameter of the lower end of the cylindrical through hole; the laying method comprises the steps of pouring suspension liquid with small balls onto a transparent film with a cylindrical through hole array, applying ultrasonic vibration to drive the small balls to roll into the cylindrical through holes to realize self-assembly, and arranging the small balls on the transparent film in a one-to-one correspondence manner with the cylindrical through holes to form the small ball array film;
(4) Placing the small ball array film obtained in the step (3) on the surface of an object to be subjected to paint removal, so that the small ball array film is just above the paint layer;
(5) Irradiating the bead array film with infrared wavelength laser to remove the transparent paint layer;
(6) Moving the small ball array film to the position above the new paint removing area; and (5) repeating the step until all areas needing paint removal are completely subjected to paint removal.
2. The method for accurately removing the transparent paint layer by using the laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flexible thin film material in the step (2) is silicon dioxide, liquid crystal polymer, polyphenylene sulfide or polyimide.
3. The method for accurately removing the transparent paint layer by using the laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the pulse width of the infrared wavelength laser is 10 ns-200 ns, and the power is 10W-300W.
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| CN202210489458.2A CN114682572B (en) | 2022-05-06 | 2022-05-06 | Method for accurately removing transparent paint layer by laser |
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| CN202210489458.2A CN114682572B (en) | 2022-05-06 | 2022-05-06 | Method for accurately removing transparent paint layer by laser |
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2022
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