CN114682158B - Electrochemical nanometer pressure cavity - Google Patents
Electrochemical nanometer pressure cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN114682158B CN114682158B CN202011575409.8A CN202011575409A CN114682158B CN 114682158 B CN114682158 B CN 114682158B CN 202011575409 A CN202011575409 A CN 202011575409A CN 114682158 B CN114682158 B CN 114682158B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/002—Component parts of these vessels not mentioned in B01J3/004, B01J3/006, B01J3/02 - B01J3/08; Measures taken in conjunction with the process to be carried out, e.g. safety measures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/06—Processes using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds; Apparatus therefor, e.g. moulds or dies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a novel electrochemical nanometer pressure cavity technology, which comprises the following steps: a micro battery system and a control system. The basic working principle is as follows: the battery cathode material capable of embedding ions is adopted to coat the target nanoscale sample material to form a core-shell structure, the shell electrode material is accurately controlled by a control system to carry out electrochemical reaction, ions of the shell material are embedded (expanded) or separated (contracted), and the pressure effect on the coated sample is realized. By adopting the nano pressure cavity technology, the compression of the coated nano sample material in the order of million atmospheres can be realized, the in-situ continuous pressurization-decompression can be realized, the advantages of accurate and controllable pressure, simple operation and good repeatability can be realized, the preparation process is simple, the cost is low, and the nano pressure cavity technology can be widely used for microcosmic high-pressure scientific in-situ or non-in-situ experiments of various solid materials and other related experimental researches.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-voltage devices and nanometer material mechanics, in particular to an electrochemical nanometer pressure cavity.
Background
Pressure and temperature are the basic state parameters for changing the properties of a substance. But for a long time, the understanding and comprehension of pressure has lagged far behind temperature. The main reasons for this are: the generation of high pressure in experiments and the detection of material physical properties in high pressure environment are very challenging, and the development of high pressure science greatly depends on the innovation and breakthrough of high pressure technology.
The major high pressure technologies at present include large presses (e.g., cubic presses) and diamond anvil technology. The large press can compress millimeter-scale sample materials, and the diamond anvil technology can mainly compress micron-scale sample materials. The invention of the diamond anvil technology in the above century represents the progress of high-pressure technology and the development of modern spectrum (neutron, X-ray, raman, infrared, etc.) detection technology, which pushes high-pressure scientific research to a new level, creatively facilitates the synthesis of a series of new materials, discovers special physicochemical phenomena and properties which many materials do not have at normal temperature and normal pressure, such as pressure-induced amorphization, high-pressure crystallography complexity, high-pressure nano effect, pressure-induced Fermi surface nesting, high-pressure superconductivity, superhard materials, metal hydrogen, etc., and accelerates the development of high-pressure science.
Currently, only averaged structural performance information of high-pressure sample materials can be obtained based on diamond anvil cell technology and advanced spectral experimental analysis. Based on synchrotron radiation microbeam and optical probe technology, the highest spatial resolution currently stays at the micrometer level. However, real material structures tend to combine the features of macroscopic averaging and local complexity. Particularly in nanomaterials, changes in particle size and interface structure caused by compressive stress will significantly affect the material structure and physical properties.
However, compared to microscale and above high-pressure technologies based on large presses, diamond anvils, the development of microscopic (nanoscale) high-pressure technologies has been significantly delayed, severely restricting the overall development of high-pressure science. There is a need to develop a high-voltage technology that can realize the research of the microstructure of the nano material under a precisely controlled high-voltage environment.
The high-voltage devices such as the large press, the diamond opposite-top anvil and the like mostly adopt superhard materials such as diamond and the like, the experiment cost is extremely high, and the development of a lower-cost technology is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an electrochemical nanometer pressure cavity technology which is used for realizing nanoscale compression with low cost and simple process.
The invention provides an electrochemical nanometer pressure cavity, comprising: a micro-battery system and a control system,
the micro battery system is a chemical energy storage power supply and comprises a battery cathode material capable of releasing/embedding cations, and a core-shell structure used for coating a sample material is arranged in the battery cathode material;
the battery cathode material is connected with the control system, and the control system is used for controlling and detecting the working state of the micro battery system, forming a reversible electrochemical reaction in the micro battery system and compressing the coated sample material.
Preferably, the micro battery system further includes: the battery comprises a battery positive electrode material, a battery electrolyte material and a metal current collector, wherein one side of the battery negative electrode material is connected with the battery electrolyte material, and one side of the battery electrolyte material, which is far away from the battery negative electrode material, is connected with the battery positive electrode material;
one side of the battery anode material, which is far away from the battery electrolyte material, and one side of the battery cathode material, which is far away from the battery electrolyte material, are respectively connected with a metal current collector;
and the metal current collectors are respectively connected with the control system.
Preferably, the control system comprises a voltage-current control system, a power-on device control system, a load device system and a circuit switch control system;
one end of the voltage-current control system is connected with one side, far away from the battery cathode material, of the metal current collector, and the other end of the voltage-current control system is connected with a load device system;
the other end of the load device system is connected with the circuit switch control system; the circuit switch control system is connected with one end of the metal current collector, which is far away from the battery anode material;
another circuit switch control system is connected in parallel between the circuit switch control system and the metal current collector;
and an electrifying device control system is connected in parallel between the load device system and the voltage-current control system, and is electrically connected with the other circuit switch control system.
Preferably, the voltage-current control system is an electrochemical workstation; the load device system is an adjustable load; the power-on device control system is a power supply, and the circuit switch control system is a switch.
Preferably, the battery negative electrode material is a coating layer capable of being embedded or deinserted, the coating layer comprises a single-phase composite material or a multiphase composite material, and the coating layer of the multiphase composite material is coated on the outer side of the sample material in sequence.
Preferably, the sample material is a nanoscale sample material; and a carrying platform is arranged outside the battery material and is used for respectively connecting two ends of the miniature battery system with the control system.
Preferably, the reversible electrochemical reaction comprises a first on-state and a second on-state for controlling a volume expansion dimension of the anode material of the sample material;
the first conduction state is that the micro battery system is electrically conducted with the power-on device control system and the voltage-current control system; the first conduction state is used for ion embedding of a battery cathode material of the micro battery system;
the second conduction state is that the micro battery system is electrically conducted with the load device system and the voltage-current control system; and the second conduction state is used for ion extraction of the battery cathode material of the micro battery system.
Preferably, the size of the core-shell structure is between sub-nanometer level and sub-micron level; the core-shell structure is one or a combination of more of a spherical structure, a square structure, a cylindrical structure or an irregular structure;
the battery electrolyte material is matched with the battery anode material and the battery cathode material and the types of the embedded or extracted ions.
Preferably, the kind of the ions is metal cations, and the metal cations are one or a combination of more of lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions, aluminum ions and zinc ions;
the single-phase composite material is one of graphite, graphene, football alkene, carbon nano tube, silicon, tin, antimony, aluminum, silicon-carbon composite material and metal oxide;
the multiphase composite material is composed of two or more of graphite, graphene, football, carbon nano tube, silicon, tin, antimony, aluminum, silicon-carbon composite material and metal oxide;
the battery positive electrode material is a compound containing one or more of lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions, aluminum ions and zinc ions;
the electrolyte material is an ion-conductive compound or polymer material, and the compound or polymer is: one or more of lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, aluminum ion and zinc ion.
Preferably, the multiphase composite material is a core-shell composite structure material, the core-shell composite structure material comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer is one or more of silicon, tin, antimony or aluminum, and the outer layer is a material formed by combining one or more of graphite, graphene, football or carbon nano tubes.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an electrochemical nanometer pressure cavity technology which is used for realizing nanoscale compression with low cost and simple process. The novel electrochemical nanometer pressure cavity basically comprises a miniature battery system and a control system. The micro battery system comprises a battery anode material and a battery cathode material which can release/embed cations, a battery electrolyte material, a metal current collector and the like, wherein a core-shell structure is arranged in the battery cathode material and is used for coating a target research sample material. The control system generally comprises a voltage-current control system (such as an electrochemical workstation), an electrifying device control system, a load device system and a circuit switch control system, and is used for realizing the charge and discharge control and detection of the micro battery system. One side of the battery cathode material, which is far away from the battery electrolyte, and one side of the battery anode material, which is far away from the battery electrolyte, are respectively connected with a metal current collector, one side of the metal current collector, which is far away from the battery cathode material, is connected with the voltage-current control system, the voltage-current control system is connected with the cathode of a power-on device control system or one side of a load device system, and one side of the metal current collector, which is far away from the battery anode material, is connected with the anode of the power-on device control system or the other side of the load device system through a circuit switch control system; the micro-battery system, voltage-current control system (e.g., electrochemical workstation), energization device control system, load device system, and circuit switch control system are used to create a reversible electrochemical reaction and compress the sample material.
The micro battery system adopts a battery cathode material which can be embedded with ions to coat a nanoscale sample material to form a core-shell structure, and reversible electrochemical reaction control is carried out on the battery material through a voltage-current control system, a load device system and an electrifying device control system in a control system. The reversible electrochemical reaction comprises that a micro battery system is respectively connected and communicated with a voltage-current control system, a load device system and a power-on device control system in a control system, when the micro battery system is connected and communicated with the power-on device control system and the voltage-current control system, ion embedding of a battery cathode material is realized, and when the micro battery system is connected and communicated with the load device system and the voltage-current control system, ion extraction of the battery cathode material is realized.
The expansion or contraction of the battery negative electrode material is realized by utilizing the ion insertion or extraction in the electrochemical reaction process. The expansion of the battery cathode material is realized along with the ion embedding, the outside-in compression effect is generated in the expansion process, and the compression stress is generated on the coated sample material, so that the purpose of compressing the coated sample material in the core-shell structure is realized.
Furthermore, the voltage-current control system and the electrifying device control system can accurately control the voltage and the current value, adjust the ion embedding and the charge state and further realize the accurate control of the expansion size of the battery cathode material, thereby realizing the accurate control of the compression size of the sample material coated by the battery cathode material.
Furthermore, the adjustment of the ion embedding or releasing amount is realized by accurately controlling the voltage and current values, so that the pressure of the nano pressure cavity is adjusted; the pressure of the nanometer pressure cavity is adjusted by adjusting the size of the compressed sample material and/or the negative electrode material of the coating battery; the control of the electrifying device control system/load device and the voltage-current control system realizes the accurate regulation of the ion content and the embedding/extracting speed of the coating layer, and can carry out the ion embedding/extracting cyclic operation at the same time. The cathode material is expanded by ion embedding, so that the compression of million atmospheres is realized, in-situ continuous pressurization-decompression can be realized, the advantages of accurate and controllable pressure, simplicity in operation and good repeatability are achieved, the preparation process is simple, the cost is low, and the cathode material can be widely applied to microcosmic high-pressure scientific in-situ or non-in-situ experiments of various solid materials and other related experimental researches.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electrochemical nano pressure chamber before and after the negative electrode material of the ion-embedded coated battery of the invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the single-phase coated battery cathode material of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite double-layer core-shell structure cathode material of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the carbon nanotube as a cathode material of a coated battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a carbon nanotube as a negative electrode material of a coated battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a front view of a composite double-layer core-shell structure composed of a carbon nanotube as a coating battery cathode material and other battery cathode materials with relatively large expansion coefficients after ion embedding;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a composite double-layer core-shell structure composed of a carbon nanotube as a coating battery cathode material and other battery cathode materials with relatively large expansion coefficients after ion embedding;
the method comprises the following steps of 1-sample material, 2-battery cathode material, 3-embedded ions, 4-composite cathode material, 5-carbon nano tube, 6-battery electrolyte material, 7-battery anode material, 8-metal current collector, 9-power supply, 10-switch, 11-load and 12-voltage-current control system.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that they are presented herein only to illustrate and explain the present invention and not to limit the present invention.
According to the illustrations of fig. 1-8, the present invention provides a novel electrochemical nanocavity technology, including a microbattery system and a control system. The micro battery system comprises a battery anode material and a battery cathode material which can release/embed cations, a battery electrolyte material 6, a metal current collector 8 and the like, wherein a core-shell structure is arranged in the battery cathode material 2 and is used for coating a target research sample material 1. The control system generally includes a voltage-current control system 12 (e.g., an electrochemical workstation), an energization device control system, a load device system and a circuit switch control system, so as to realize the charge and discharge control and detection of the micro battery system. One side of the battery negative electrode material 2, which is far away from the battery electrolyte, and one side of the battery positive electrode material 7, which is far away from the battery electrolyte, are respectively connected with a metal current collector 8, one side of the metal current collector 8, which is far away from the battery negative electrode material 2, is connected with the voltage-current control system 12, the voltage-current control system 12 is connected with one side of a negative electrode or a load device system of a power-on device control system, and one side of the metal current collector 8, which is far away from the battery positive electrode material 7, is connected with the other side of the positive electrode or the load device system of the power-on device control system through a circuit switch control system; the micro-battery system, voltage-current control system 12 (e.g., electrochemical workstation), current-carrying device control system, load device system, and circuit switch control system are used to create a reversible electrochemical reaction and compress the sample material 1.
The micro battery system adopts a battery cathode material 2 which can be embedded with ions 3 to coat a nanoscale sample material 1, so that the nanoscale sample material 1 forms a core-shell structure, and reversible electrochemical reaction control is carried out on the battery material through a voltage-current control system 12, a load device system and an electrifying device control system in a control system. The reversible electrochemical reaction comprises that a micro battery system is respectively connected and conducted with a voltage-current control system 12, a load device system and a power-on device control system in a control system, when the micro battery system is connected and conducted with the power-on device control system and the voltage-current control system 12, ion embedding of the battery cathode material 2 is realized, and when the micro battery system is connected and conducted with the load device system and the voltage-current control system 12, ion extraction of the battery cathode material 2 is realized.
The sample material 1 is a nanoscale sample material 1, and the core-shell structure is one or a combination of more of a spherical structure, a square structure, a cylindrical structure or an irregular structure. The size of the core-shell structure is between sub-nanometer level and sub-micron level, and specifically comprises the following steps: 10 -10 10% of rice -7 On the order of meters. And a carrying platform is arranged outside the battery material and is used for respectively connecting two ends of the miniature battery system with the control system.
The expansion or contraction of the battery cathode material 2 is realized by utilizing the ion insertion or extraction in the electrochemical reaction process. The battery cathode material 2 is expanded along with ion embedding, an outside-in compression effect is generated in the expansion process, and the coating sample material 1 is subjected to compressive stress, so that the purpose of compressing the coating sample material 1 in the core-shell structure is achieved.
Further, the voltage-current control system 12 and the energizing device control system can accurately control the voltage and the current value, adjust the ion embedding and the charge state, and further realize the accurate control of the expansion size of the battery cathode material 2, thereby realizing the accurate control of the compression size of the sample material 1 coated by the battery cathode material 2.
Furthermore, the adjustment of the ion embedding or releasing amount is realized by accurately controlling the voltage and the current value, so that the pressure of the nano pressure cavity is adjusted; the pressure of the nanometer pressure cavity is adjusted by adjusting the size of the compressed sample material 1 and/or the coating battery cathode material 2; the regulation of the electrifying device control system/load 11 device and the voltage-current control system 12 realizes the accurate regulation of the ion content and the embedding/extracting speed of the coating layer, and can carry out the ion embedding/extracting cyclic operation. The expansion of the cathode material caused by ion embedding is realized, further the compression of million atmospheres is realized, and the preparation process is simple and the cost is low.
In one embodiment, the battery anode material 2 is a coating layer capable of intercalating or deintercalating ions, and the coating layer comprises a single-phase composite material or a multi-phase composite material, and the coating layer of the multi-phase composite material is coated on the outer side of the sample material 1 in turn, as shown in fig. 2 to 8.
The multiphase composite material comprises a single-phase anode material and a composite anode material 4, the single-phase anode material is coated outside the composite anode material 4, and the expansion coefficient of the composite anode material 4 after electrochemical reaction is larger than that of the single-phase anode material; namely, the compression efficiency of the composite anode material 4 is higher than that of the single-phase anode material in the ion embedding or extracting process.
The battery electrolyte material 6 is matched with the battery anode material 7 and the battery cathode material 2 with the types of ions which are inserted or removed.
The kind of the ions is metal cations, and the metal cations are one or a combination of more of lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions, aluminum ions and zinc ions;
the single-phase composite material is one of graphite, graphene, football alkene, carbon nano tube 5, silicon, tin, antimony, aluminum, silicon-carbon composite material and metal oxide;
the multiphase composite material is composed of two or more materials of graphite, graphene, football alkene, carbon nano tube 5, silicon, tin, antimony, aluminum, silicon-carbon composite material and metal oxide;
the battery positive electrode material 7 is a compound containing one or more of lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions, aluminum ions and zinc ions;
the electrolyte material is an ion-conductive compound or polymer material, and the compound or polymer is: one or more of lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, aluminum ion and zinc ion.
The multiphase composite material is a core-shell composite structure material, the core-shell composite structure material comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer is one or more of silicon, tin, antimony or aluminum, and the outer layer is a material formed by combining one or more of graphite, graphene, football or carbon nano tubes 5.
In the embodiment of the electrochemical nanometer pressure cavity, a lithium ion battery model is taken as an example: the lithium ions are intercalated in the graphite, which is the negative electrode material 2 of a lithium battery, in the form of LiC6, and the chemical reaction is Li +6C → LiC6, which correspondingly causes the graphite to expand by a volume of up to about 10%; the lithium ion exists in the negative electrode material silicon in the form of LixSi (0 & lt x & gt & lt 4.4), the chemical reaction is xLi + Si → LixSi, and accordingly, the volume expansion of the silicon negative electrode can reach 300% and above; other battery negative electrode materials 2 such as tin and aluminum have maximum volume expansion of 250% and 100% and above, respectively, under full charge conditions.
Taking the sample material 1 of gold single crystal nano particles as an example, the volume modulus of gold is about 170GPa and above, and by adjusting the lithium ion insertion amount and the sizes of the gold and the negative electrode material, when the sample material 1 is compressed by 50% in volume, the pressure of the nano pressure cavity reaches 85GPa and above.
In the embodiment of the electrochemical nanometer pressure cavity, the fracture strength of the graphene can reach 130GPa and above, the fracture strength of the multi-wall carbon nanotube 5 can reach 100GPa and above, and theoretically, the pressure of the nanometer pressure cavity can reach 100GPa and above.
As shown in fig. 3-4, which are schematic diagrams of two electrochemical nano pressure chambers, fig. 3 is a single-phase coating layer of a battery negative electrode material 2, and fig. 4 is a core-shell composite structure formed by two layers of battery negative electrode materials 2.
Specifically, the coating layer may be a single phase, such as any one of graphite, graphene, football, carbon nanotube 5, silicon, tin, antimony, aluminum, silicon-carbon composite material, metal oxide, and the like;
the composite material can also be a multiphase composite material formed by two or more materials, such as a core-shell composite structure material: the inner layer is made of materials with larger expansion coefficients after ions such as silicon, tin, antimony and aluminum are embedded, and the outer layer is made of materials with high strength such as graphite, graphene, football alkene and carbon nano tubes 5. The lithium ions are embedded in the graphite of the negative electrode material 2 of the lithium battery in the existing form of LiC6, and the graphite can generate volume expansion of about 10%, and the volume expansion range is 8% -15%; the existence form of lithium ions in the negative electrode material silicon is LixSi (0 & ltx & gt is less than or equal to 4.4), and the volume expansion of the silicon negative electrode can reach 300% under the condition of complete lithium intercalation; other negative electrode materials such as tin and aluminum have maximum volume expansion of 250% and 100% and above, respectively, under full charge conditions. The high-strength materials such as graphite, graphene, football alkene and the carbon nano tube 5 can inhibit the negative electrode materials (such as silicon, tin, antimony and aluminum) with larger expansion coefficients from being cracked and pulverized after ions are embedded into the negative electrode materials to a certain extent.
Fig. 5-6 are schematic diagrams of an electrochemical nanometer pressure chamber with carbon nanotubes 5 as the negative electrode material, which are respectively a front view and a sectional view. The carbon nano tube 5 is a multi-carbon nano tube 5, the breaking strength of the multi-wall carbon nano tube 5 can reach 100GPa and above, and the pressure of the nano pressure cavity can reach 100GPa and above.
The electrochemical nanometer pressure cavity provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following preparation and assembly processes: coating a battery cathode material 2 with a certain thickness on a sample material 1 by methods such as chemical vapor deposition or physical vapor deposition; a load device system/electrifying device control system, a voltage-current control system 12 and a switch control system in the external connection control system of the micro battery system, wherein the load device system comprises an adjustable load 11 and the like, wherein the electrifying device control system comprises a power supply 9 and the like, wherein the voltage-current control system 12 comprises an electrochemical workstation and the like; one side of the load 11 device and the negative electrode of the power supply 9 are connected with a metal current collector 8 close to the battery negative electrode material 2 in the micro battery system through a voltage-current control system 12, and the other side of the load 11 device and the positive electrode of the power supply 9 are connected with the metal current collector 8 close to the battery positive electrode material 7 in the micro battery system through the voltage-current control system 12; a switch 10 is arranged between the power supply 9, the load 11 and the metal current collector 8, and ion embedding, namely charging, of the battery cathode material 2 is realized by adjusting the voltage and the current of a power-on device control system and a voltage-current control system 12 and starting the switch 10; the ion removal, namely the discharge, of the battery cathode material 2 is realized by adjusting a load 11 system, a voltage-current control system 12 and a starting switch 10; reversible electrochemical reaction is carried out on the battery material by utilizing a load 11 device, a power-on device control system and a voltage-current control system 12, and the aim of compressing the sample material 1 coated in the battery cathode material 2 is further achieved by utilizing the electrochemical reaction.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. An electrochemical nano-pressure chamber, comprising: a micro-battery system and a control system,
the micro battery system is a chemical energy storage power supply and comprises a battery cathode material capable of releasing/embedding cations, and a core-shell structure used for coating a sample material is arranged in the battery cathode material;
the battery cathode material is connected with the control system, and the control system is used for controlling and detecting the working state of the micro battery system, forming a reversible electrochemical reaction for the micro battery system and compressing the coated sample material;
the expansion of the battery cathode material is realized along with the ion embedding, the outside-in compression effect is generated in the expansion process, and the compression stress is generated on the coated sample material, so that the purpose of compressing the coated sample material in the core-shell structure is realized.
2. The electrochemical nano-pressure chamber of claim 1, wherein the micro-battery system further comprises: the battery comprises a battery anode material, a battery electrolyte material and a metal current collector, wherein one side of the battery cathode material is connected with the battery electrolyte material, and one side of the battery electrolyte material, which is far away from the battery cathode material, is connected with the battery anode material;
one side of the battery anode material, which is far away from the battery electrolyte material, and one side of the battery cathode material, which is far away from the battery electrolyte material, are respectively connected with a metal current collector;
and the metal current collectors are respectively connected with the control system.
3. The electrochemical nano-pressure chamber of claim 2, wherein the control system comprises a voltage-current control system, a current-carrying device control system, a load device system, and a circuit switch control system;
one end of the voltage-current control system is connected with one side, far away from the battery cathode material, of the metal current collector, and the other end of the voltage-current control system is connected with a load device system;
the other end of the load device system is connected with the circuit switch control system; the circuit switch control system is connected with one end of the metal current collector, which is far away from the battery anode material;
another circuit switch control system is connected in parallel between the circuit switch control system and the metal current collector;
and an electrifying device control system is connected in parallel between the load device system and the voltage-current control system, and is electrically connected with the other circuit switch control system.
4. The electrochemical nano-pressure chamber of claim 3, wherein the voltage-current control system is an electrochemical workstation; the load device system is an adjustable load; the control system of the electrifying device is a power supply, and the control system of the circuit switch is a switch.
5. The electrochemical nano-pressure chamber as claimed in claim 2, wherein the battery negative electrode material is a coating layer capable of intercalating or deintercalating ions, and the coating layer comprises a single-phase composite material or a multi-phase composite material, and the coating layer of the multi-phase composite material is coated on the outer side of the sample material.
6. The electrochemical nano-pressure chamber of claim 1, wherein the sample material is a nano-scale sample material; and a carrying platform is arranged outside the battery material and is used for respectively connecting two ends of the miniature battery system with a control system.
7. The electrochemical nano-pressure chamber of claim 3, wherein the reversible electrochemical reaction comprises a first conducting state and a second conducting state, the first conducting state and the second conducting state being configured to control a volume expansion dimension of the negative electrode material of the sample material;
the first conduction state is that the micro battery system is electrically conducted with the power-on device control system and the voltage-current control system; the first conduction state is used for ion embedding of a battery cathode material of the micro battery system;
the second conduction state is that the micro battery system is electrically conducted with the load device system and the voltage-current control system; and the second conduction state is used for ion extraction of the battery cathode material of the micro battery system.
8. The electrochemical nanohorn of claim 2, wherein the core-shell structure has a size in the range of sub-nanometer to sub-micron; the core-shell structure is one or a combination of more of a spherical structure, a square structure, a cylindrical structure or an irregular structure;
the battery electrolyte material is matched with the battery anode material and the battery cathode material and the types of the embedded or extracted ions.
9. The electrochemical nanometer pressure chamber as claimed in claim 5, wherein the kind of the ion is a metal cation, and the metal cation is one or a combination of several of lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, aluminum ion, and zinc ion;
the single-phase composite material is one of graphite, graphene, football alkene, carbon nano tube, silicon, tin, antimony, aluminum, silicon-carbon composite material and metal oxide;
the multiphase composite material is composed of two or more materials of graphite, graphene, football alkene, carbon nano tube, silicon, tin, antimony, aluminum, silicon-carbon composite material and metal oxide;
the battery positive electrode material is a compound containing one or more of lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions, aluminum ions and zinc ions;
the electrolyte material is an ion-conductive compound or polymer material, and the compound or polymer is: one or more of lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, aluminum ion and zinc ion.
10. The electrochemical nanometer pressure chamber as claimed in claim 5, wherein the multiphase composite material is a core-shell composite structure material, the core-shell composite structure material comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer is one or more of silicon, tin, antimony or aluminum, and the outer layer is one or more of graphite, graphene, football or carbon nanotube.
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