CN114678555A - Graphite bipolar plate with multi-scale microstructure and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Graphite bipolar plate with multi-scale microstructure and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114678555A
CN114678555A CN202210369118.6A CN202210369118A CN114678555A CN 114678555 A CN114678555 A CN 114678555A CN 202210369118 A CN202210369118 A CN 202210369118A CN 114678555 A CN114678555 A CN 114678555A
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China
Prior art keywords
graphite
bipolar plate
conductive filler
phenolic resin
mixing
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CN202210369118.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
岳骆
谭晖
胡晓
张高群
宋鹏翔
徐桂芝
林德源
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State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co ltd
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co ltd
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202210369118.6A priority Critical patent/CN114678555A/en
Publication of CN114678555A publication Critical patent/CN114678555A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02Details
    • H01M8/0202Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02Details
    • H01M8/0202Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0223Composites

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a graphite bipolar plate with a multi-scale microstructure, and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention adopts crystalline flake graphite, phenolic resin and conductive filler as raw materials, leads the graphite and graphite molecules to form a conductive framework through proper proportion, the conductive filler is filled in the conductive framework to form a multi-scale microstructure with particle gradation, and the filling is carried out from micron level to nanometer level, thus effectively increasing a conductive path, improving the conductivity, improving the density and enhancing the mechanical property, and further improving the power generation efficiency and the cycle life of the fuel cell. The preparation method can keep the product performance consistent by controlling important parameters such as time, temperature, pressure and the like of the hot pressing step, and the prepared product has the advantages of invariability, no cracking, high conductivity and good mechanical property.

Description

Graphite bipolar plate with multi-scale microstructure and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a graphite bipolar plate with a multi-scale microstructure, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The hydrogen energy is a clean, efficient and sustainable carbon-free energy which is internationally recognized as a clean energy, and has the advantages of abundant resources, zero pollution, high energy density, long storage time, safety, controllability, no geographical condition limitation, wide power variation range and the like. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is the most mainstream hydrogen fuel cell at present, has the characteristics of short construction period, small area, no geographical position restriction, second-level and minute-level quick response, cleanness, no pollution and the like, can be used in scenes such as power grid peak regulation, substation/data center standby power supply, combined heat and power supply in island regions, comprehensive energy stations and the like, particularly fixed power stations, are usually arranged in regions with rich clean energy and rare smoke, are often exposed to the external environment for standby for a long time, and are required to have stable start-stop capability, so that higher requirements are provided for the working temperature range, the weather resistance, the corrosion resistance, the service life and the like of the fixed power station.
The bipolar plate is a core functional component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and is a key factor influencing the commercial popularization of the fuel cell due to high production, research and development cost. The bipolar plates mainly have the functions of isolating and distributing oxidant and fuel, conducting current, supporting a membrane electrode, regulating the internal temperature of a stack and the like. In order to meet the operational requirements of fuel cells, the bipolar plates must have superior gas barrier properties, good electrical and corrosion resistance, good thermal conductivity, and mechanical properties. The conventional bipolar plate material is a metal or graphite base, and compared with a metal material, the graphite material has more advantages in cold and heat resistance and corrosion resistance, so that the prepared graphite-based bipolar plate has higher cycle life and environmental tolerance, and is an ideal choice for fuel cells for fixed power stations.
Much work has been devoted to the study of graphite bipolar plates, for example, the prior art discloses a method for preparing a high-strength graphite bipolar plate, comprising the steps of: weighing 150g of natural crystalline flake graphite, phenolic resin and carbon black, mixing the raw materials in a V-shaped stirrer at room temperature for 2h, heating an upper die and a lower die to 150 ℃, spraying a proper amount of release agent, filling the mixture into a planar die, strickling, hot-pressing for 3 minutes under the pressure of 10MPa, and opening the die to take out the parts, thereby obtaining the die-pressed bipolar plate. Although the graphite bipolar plate prepared by the technology has higher mechanical strength, the conductive path is easily blocked by resin due to the lower content of carbon black, so that the resistivity is higher, and the power generation efficiency and the cycle life of a fuel cell are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problem that the existing graphite bipolar plate cannot give consideration to both the performance and the service life of the fuel cell.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention provides a graphite bipolar plate, which takes micron-sized scale graphite as conductive aggregate, nano-sized conductive particles as conductive filler and phenolic resin as binder to form a multi-scale microstructure with particle grading; the graphite bipolar plate comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 75-85% of flake graphite, 10-25% of phenolic resin and 1-5% of conductive filler.
Compared with other graphite, the conductive network formed by the natural crystalline flake graphite has excellent electric conduction performance. Compared with epoxy resin, the phenolic resin is convenient to mix and conduct electricity.
Optionally, the raw material of the graphite bipolar plate comprises: 82% of flake graphite, 15% of phenolic resin and 3% of conductive filler.
Optionally, the conductive filler is one or more of carbon black, carbon fiber and conductive metal, the particle size of the carbon black is 8-500 nm, and the particle size of the conductive metal is 25-50 nm.
Optionally, the particle size of the crystalline flake graphite is 150-1000 μm.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned graphite bipolar plate, comprising the steps of:
uniformly mixing phenolic resin and conductive filler in an ultrasonic dispersion mode to form a mixture, mixing in a mechanical mixing mode to form the mixture, and then pressing and molding the mixture in a hot pressing mode; wherein the hot pressing temperature is 150-200 ℃, the pressure is 4-20 MPa, and the time is 5-30 min.
Optionally, the hot pressing temperature is 180 ℃, the pressure is 16MPa, and the time is 5 min.
Optionally, a wet process is adopted during mixing, and the specific steps are as follows:
weighing: weighing scale graphite, phenolic resin, conductive filler and alcohol according to a proportion;
dispersing: ultrasonically dispersing phenolic resin and conductive filler for 1 h;
and (3) drying: drying the dispersed sample at 60 ℃ for 12 h;
grinding: hand milling or ball milling for 15 min;
mixing: adding crystalline flake graphite and mechanically mixing.
Optionally, a dry process is adopted during mixing, and the specific steps are as follows:
weighing: weighing the crystalline flake graphite, the phenolic resin and the conductive filler in proportion;
mixing materials: adding conductive filler and phenolic resin into a ball mill, wherein the ball milling speed is 300r/min, and the ball milling time is 1 h; adding graphite into ball mill, and mixing for 30 min.
Alternatively, graphite paper is used as the external mold release agent in the hot pressing.
In a third aspect, the invention also provides the application of the graphite bipolar plate in a fuel cell.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the graphite bipolar plate provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts graphite, resin and conductive filler as raw materials, reduces the consumption of graphite, correspondingly increases the consumption of resin and conductive filler, enables a conductive framework to be formed between graphite and graphite molecules through proper raw material proportion, and fills the conductive filler in the conductive framework to form a multi-scale microstructure (such as 150-1000 mu m of graphite, 80 mu m of resin and 45nm of conductive filler), can effectively increase a conductive path, and improve the conductivity, thereby improving the power generation efficiency and the cycle life of a fuel cell.
2. According to the preparation method of the graphite bipolar plate provided by the embodiment of the invention, the product performance can be kept consistent by controlling important parameters such as time, temperature, pressure and the like of a hot pressing step, and the prepared product is invariant, free of cracking, high in conductivity and good in mechanical property.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to better understand the present invention, not to limit the best mode, and not to limit the content and protection scope of the present invention, and any product that is the same or similar to the present invention and is obtained by combining the present invention with other features of the prior art and the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not indicate specific experimental procedures or conditions, and can be performed according to the procedures or conditions of the conventional experimental procedures described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
The invention provides a graphite bipolar plate which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 75-85% of natural crystalline flake graphite, 10-25% of phenolic resin and 1-5% of conductive filler; wherein the conductive filler is one or more of carbon black, carbon fiber or conductive metal, the particle size of the carbon black is 8-500 nm, and the particle size of the conductive metal is 25-50 nm; the particle size of the natural crystalline flake graphite is 150-1000 μm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the graphite bipolar plate, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing of raw materials
According to the proportion, graphite, resin, conductive filler and alcohol are respectively weighed and uniformly mixed by adopting a wet process, and the method comprises the following specific steps: adding resin and conductive filler into a proper amount of alcohol solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 1h, placing in an oven (at the temperature of 60 ℃), taking out after 12h, manually grinding or ball-milling for 15min, and adding crystalline flake graphite for mechanical mixing.
Or, the dry process is adopted for uniform mixing, and the specific steps are as follows: adding conductive filler and phenolic resin into a ball mill, wherein the ball milling speed is 300r/min, and the ball milling time is 1 h; adding graphite into ball mill, and mixing for 30 min.
(2) One-step forming
Putting graphite paper into a mold of a hot press as an external mold release agent, uniformly distributing the mixed raw materials into the mold, pressing the blank into a sample of 7cm multiplied by 14cm by a uniaxial pressing method, wherein the thickness can be adjusted according to the actual condition, the hot pressing temperature is 150-200 ℃, the applied pressure is 4-20 MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 5-30 min, and the graphite bipolar plate is finally obtained after necessary polishing treatment.
The technical effects of the present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The preparation method of the graphite bipolar plate provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
respectively weighing 82g of natural crystalline flake graphite, 15g of phenolic resin, 3g of carbon black and a proper amount of alcohol, and uniformly mixing by adopting a wet process, wherein the specific steps are as follows: adding a conductive filler and phenolic resin into a proper amount of alcohol solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 1h, placing in an oven (at the temperature of 60 ℃), taking out after 12h, manually grinding or ball-milling for 15min, and adding crystalline flake graphite for mechanical mixing;
putting graphite paper as an external mold release agent into a mold of a hot press, uniformly distributing the mixed raw materials into the mold, pressing the blank into a sample of 7cm multiplied by 14cm multiplied by 3mm by a uniaxial pressing method, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 180 ℃, the applied pressure is 16MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 5min, and finally obtaining the graphite bipolar plate after necessary polishing treatment.
Through tests, the electrical conductivity of the graphite bipolar plate obtained in the embodiment is 332S/cm, the bending strength is 25.1MPa,the compressive strength is 24.3MPa, and the density is 1.57g/cm3
Example 2
The contents are the same as those of example 1 except for the following.
Weighing 85g of natural crystalline flake graphite, 10g of phenolic resin and 5g of carbon black as raw materials.
The prepared graphite bipolar plate has the conductivity of 345S/cm, the bending strength of 32MPa, the compressive strength of 31.2MPa and the density of 1.59g/cm3
Example 3
The contents are the same as those of example 1 except for the following.
Weighing 75g of natural crystalline flake graphite, 24g of phenolic resin and 2g of carbon black as raw materials.
The prepared graphite bipolar plate has the conductivity of 335S/cm, the bending strength of 23MPa, the compressive strength of 21.5MPa and the density of 1.64g/cm3
Example 4
The contents are the same as those of example 1 except for the following.
Weighing 80g of natural crystalline flake graphite, 17g of phenolic resin and 3g of carbon black as raw materials.
The prepared graphite bipolar plate has the conductivity of 338S/cm, the bending strength of 26MPa, the compressive strength of 21.2MPa and the density of 1.59g/cm3
Example 5
The contents are the same as those of example 1 except for the following.
The hot pressing temperature is 150 ℃, the applied pressure is 20MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 20 min.
The prepared graphite bipolar plate has the conductivity of 280S/cm, the bending strength of 32MPa, the compressive strength of 22.2MPa and the density of 1.79g/cm3
Example 6
The contents are the same as those of example 1 except for the following.
The hot pressing temperature is 170 ℃, the applied pressure is 10MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 30 min.
The prepared graphite bipolar plate has the conductivity of 245S/cm, the bending strength of 25MPa, the compressive strength of 19MPa and the density of 1.62g/cm3
Example 7
The contents are the same as in example 1 except for the following.
The hot pressing temperature is 200 ℃, the applied pressure is 15MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 15 min.
The prepared graphite bipolar plate has the conductivity of 300S/cm, the bending strength of 28MPa, the compressive strength of 19.1MPa and the density of 1.72g/cm3
Example 8
The contents are the same as those of example 1 except for the following.
Silver powder with the particle size of 25-50 nm is used for replacing carbon black.
The prepared graphite bipolar plate has the conductivity of 298S/cm, the bending strength of 22MPa, the compression strength of 21.2MPa and the density of 1.81g/cm3
Comparative example 1
The contents are the same as those of example 1 except for the following.
Weighing 92g of natural crystalline flake graphite, 7g of phenolic resin and 1g of carbon black as raw materials.
The prepared graphite bipolar plate has the conductivity of 130S/cm, the bending strength of 14MPa and the compressive strength of 10 MPa.
Comparative example 2
The contents are the same as those of example 1 except for the following.
The hot pressing temperature is 150 ℃, the applied pressure is 10MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 3 min.
The prepared graphite bipolar plate has the conductivity of 130S/cm, the bending strength of 14MPa and the compressive strength of 10 MPa.
Comparative example 3
The contents are the same as those of example 1 except for the following.
The hot pressing temperature is 180 ℃, the applied pressure is 22MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 10 min.
The prepared graphite bipolar plate has the conductivity of 230S/cm, the bending strength of 25MPa and the compressive strength of 23 MPa.
Comparative example 4
The contents are the same as those of example 1 except for the following.
The hot pressing temperature is 210 ℃, the applied pressure is 16MPa, and the dwell time is 10 min.
The prepared graphite bipolar plate has the conductivity of 210S/cm, the bending strength of 22MPa and the compressive strength of 19 MPa.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The graphite bipolar plate is characterized in that the graphite bipolar plate takes micron-sized crystalline flake graphite as conductive aggregate, nanoscale conductive particles as conductive filler and phenolic resin as binder to form a multi-scale microstructure with particle grading; the graphite bipolar plate comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 75-85% of flake graphite, 10-25% of phenolic resin and 1-5% of conductive filler.
2. The graphite bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein the raw materials of the graphite bipolar plate comprise: 82% of flake graphite, 15% of phenolic resin and 3% of conductive filler.
3. The graphite bipolar plate of claim 1 or 2, wherein the conductive filler is one or more of carbon black, carbon fiber and conductive metal, the particle size of the carbon black is 8 nm-500 nm, and the particle size of the conductive metal is 25-50 nm.
4. A graphite bipolar plate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the flake graphite has a particle size of 150 to 1000 μm.
5. A method of preparing the graphite bipolar plate of any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
uniformly mixing phenolic resin and conductive filler in an ultrasonic dispersion mode to form a mixture, mixing in a mechanical mixing mode to form the mixture, and then pressing and molding the mixture in a hot pressing mode; wherein the hot pressing temperature is 150-200 ℃, the pressure is 4-20 MPa, and the time is 5-30 min.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the hot pressing is carried out at a temperature of 180 ℃ and a pressure of 16MPa for a period of 5 min.
7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that a wet process is adopted during mixing, and the specific steps are as follows:
weighing: weighing scale graphite, phenolic resin, conductive filler and alcohol according to a proportion;
dispersing: ultrasonically dispersing phenolic resin and conductive filler for 1 h;
and (3) drying: drying the dispersed sample at 60 ℃ for 12 h;
grinding: hand milling or ball milling for 15 min;
mixing: adding crystalline flake graphite and mechanically mixing.
8. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that a dry process is adopted during mixing, and the specific steps are as follows:
weighing: weighing the crystalline flake graphite, the phenolic resin and the conductive filler in proportion;
mixing materials: adding conductive filler and phenolic resin into a ball mill, wherein the ball milling speed is 300r/min, and the ball milling time is 1 h; adding graphite into ball mill, and mixing for 30 min.
9. A method according to any of claims 5-8, characterized in that graphite paper is used as an external mould release agent in the hot pressing.
10. Use of a graphitic bipolar plate according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or a graphitic bipolar plate produced by a method according to any one of claims 5 to 9 in a fuel cell.
CN202210369118.6A 2022-04-08 2022-04-08 Graphite bipolar plate with multi-scale microstructure and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN114678555A (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1555106A (en) * 2003-12-26 2004-12-15 清华大学 Process for preparing fuel cell bipolar plate and composite material used thereof
CN105406092A (en) * 2015-11-04 2016-03-16 四川大学 Composite material for bipolar plate of fuel cell and preparation method of composite material

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1555106A (en) * 2003-12-26 2004-12-15 清华大学 Process for preparing fuel cell bipolar plate and composite material used thereof
CN105406092A (en) * 2015-11-04 2016-03-16 四川大学 Composite material for bipolar plate of fuel cell and preparation method of composite material

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