CN114675524B - Miniature CPT atomic clock physical system device - Google Patents
Miniature CPT atomic clock physical system device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114675524B CN114675524B CN202210363515.2A CN202210363515A CN114675524B CN 114675524 B CN114675524 B CN 114675524B CN 202210363515 A CN202210363515 A CN 202210363515A CN 114675524 B CN114675524 B CN 114675524B
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
- G04F5/145—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks using Coherent Population Trapping
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) atomic clocks, in particular to a miniature CPT atomic clock physical system device, which comprises a Bias-Tee biaser and a VCSEL (vertical cavity surface emitting laser) laser, wherein the Bias-Tee biaser is used for coupling direct current and microwaves and inputting the direct current and microwaves to the VCSEL, and the VCSEL laser is used for outputting coherent frequency modulation polychromatic linearly polarized light; the laser also comprises a lens, an attenuation sheet, a quarter wave plate and a triangular atomic gas chamber which are sequentially arranged along the emitting light path of the VCSEL. The invention relates to a miniature CPT atomic clock physical system device, which combines a triangle alkali metal atomic air chamber with an optical triangle FP cavity to eliminate fundamental frequency and even-order sideband components in polychromatic light, and has low CPT resonance signal background; the proportion of the effective coherent bicolor light to the total laser power is increased, and the CPT resonance signal frequency shift is small; the effective coherent bicolor light reacts with alkali metal atoms for multiple times, the action optical path is increased, and the CPT resonance signal amplitude is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) atomic clocks, in particular to a miniature CPT atomic clock physical system device.
Background
The CPT atomic clock utilizes the action of the bicolor light and atoms to obtain a CPT resonance signal serving as a microwave frequency discrimination signal, and is a microwave atomic clock which does not need a microwave resonant cavity, so that the CPT atomic clock is easy to realize small-volume and low-power consumption atomic clocks and has stronger application competitiveness in the aspects of a communication network system, a navigation positioning system and the like.
At present, a popular miniature CPT atomic clock physical system scheme is that a microwave modulation Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) outputs coherent frequency modulation polychromatic light through direct current, wherein two optical frequency components resonating with alkali metal atoms, usually + -1-order sidebands, are used for preparing CPT-state coherent polychromatic light, and after the coherent polychromatic light reacts with the alkali metal atoms, a transmission light beam is detected, and CPT resonance signals are extracted from obtained photoelectric signals.
This solution has two disadvantages: 1. the action optical path of the coherent bi-color light and alkali metal atoms is short, so that the amplitude of the obtained CPT resonance signal is lower; 2. in addition to the two optical frequency components resonating with the alkali metal atoms, the coherent fm polychromatic light also includes optical frequency components (typically fundamental frequency, ±2-order sidebands, ±3-order sidebands, …) that are detuned from the alkali metal atoms, and are also detected after transmission, resulting in a higher background in the resulting CPT resonance signal.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a miniature CPT atomic clock physical system device for solving the problems of low CPT resonance signal amplitude and high noise floor signal.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a miniature CPT atomic clock physical system device, includes Bias-Tee biaser and VCSEL laser, bias-Tee biaser is used for coupling direct current and microwave and input to VCSEL laser, VCSEL laser is used for outputting coherent frequency modulation polychromatic linear polarized light; the laser also comprises a lens, an attenuation sheet, a quarter wave plate and a triangular atomic gas chamber which are sequentially arranged along the emitting light path of the VCSEL; the lens is used for converting divergent light emitted by the VCSEL into parallel light beams; the attenuation sheet is used for adjusting the light intensity of the light beam; the quarter wave plate is used for converting linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light;
an alkali metal atom for resonating with circularly polarized light is provided in the triangular atom gas chamber; the three vertex angles of the triangular atomic gas chamber are sequentially provided with a concave surface part reflecting part transmitting mirror, a concave surface reflecting mirror and a plane part reflecting part transmitting mirror; a photoelectric detector is arranged on an emergent light path of the plane partial reflection partial transmission mirror; the circularly polarized light beam is reflected along the concave surface partial reflection part and then is incident to the plane partial reflection part and then is transmitted out to be detected by the photoelectric detector, and the partially reflected circularly polarized light beam is incident to the concave surface partial reflection part and then forms an optical loop.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.
Further, the concave surface partially reflecting partially transmitting mirror, the concave surface reflecting mirror and the plane partially reflecting partially transmitting mirror form an optical FP cavity, and the cavity length of the optical FP cavity is the sum of three side lengths of the triangular atomic gas chamber, i.e. the FP cavity length l=l 1 +L 2 +L 3 。
The miniature CPT atomic clock physical system device of, wherein the optical FP cavity free spectral range FSR:
the frequency difference between the two low energy states of the alkali metal atoms used as CPT configuration is V hfs ；
The optical FP cavity length L satisfies:
c is the speed of light, i.e
Further, the alkali metal atom is 87 Rb or Rb 133 Cs。
Further, the triangular atomic gas chamber is filled with inert gas.
Further, the inert gas is Ar or Ne.
Further, the outer layer of the triangular atomic air chamber is provided with a solenoid coil, and a magnetic shielding shell is arranged outside the solenoid coil.
Further, the triangular atomic gas chamber, the concave surface partial reflection partial transmission mirror, the concave surface reflection mirror and the plane partial reflection partial transmission mirror are integrated into a single chip.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention relates to a miniature CPT atomic clock physical system device, which combines a triangle alkali metal atomic air chamber with an optical triangle FP cavity to eliminate fundamental frequency and even-order sideband components in polychromatic light, and has low CPT resonance signal background; the proportion of the effective coherent bicolor light to the total laser power is increased, and the CPT resonance signal frequency shift is small; the effective coherent bicolor light reacts with alkali metal atoms for multiple times, the action optical path is increased, and the CPT resonance signal amplitude is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a physical system device of a conventional miniature CPT atomic clock;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the physical system device of the miniature CPT atomic clock of the present invention;
FIG. 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of the FP cavity length of the device of the invention, FIG. 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of the action of circularly polarized light and alkali metal atoms, |1>And |2>Two energy levels of the alkali metal atom ground state magnetic quantum number m=0, |3>An energy level of an alkali metal atom excited state f=2 and a magnetic quantum number m=1, V hfs Is of energy level |1>And |2>Corresponding to the frequency difference, v 1 、v 2 Respectively coupled with coherent double-colored light (+ -1 order sidebands);
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the frequency of each order sideband of the FM coherent polychromatic light emitted by the VCSEL laser and the FSR of the optical FP cavity, wherein FSR represents the free spectral range of the optical FP cavity, the ordinate is the normalized transmittance of the FP cavity, the abscissa indicates the order sideband, and 0 indicates the fundamental frequency;
FIG. 5 shows CPT resonance signals recorded in an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 (a) shows CPT resonance signals obtained by the device of FIG. 2; fig. 5 (b) shows the CPT resonance signal obtained by the device of fig. 1.
In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
1. Bias-Tee Bias device, 2, VCSEL laser, 3, lens, 4, attenuator, 5, quarter wave plate, 6, triangle atom air chamber, 7, concave surface partial reflection part transmission mirror, 8, concave surface reflection mirror, 9, plane partial reflection part transmission mirror, 10, photoelectric detector, 11, atom air chamber.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed, unless otherwise specifically indicated and defined. The specific meaning of such terms in this patent will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
The prior miniature CPT atomic clock physical system scheme is shown in figure 1, and has two main problems of low CPT resonance signal amplitude and high background signal.
For example, patent (CN 102778839B) provides a solution for achieving orthogonal circularly polarized light while achieving a CPT resonance signal by acting with atoms, which can obtain an enhanced CPT resonance signal and improve the signal-to-noise ratio and contrast of the CPT signal. However, the optical frequency component which is detuned with the alkali metal atom is detected by the photoelectric detector, the background noise forming the CPT signal, and the effective optical frequency component and the alkali metal atom have short action optical path length, and the two defects existing in the physical system of the miniature CPT atomic clock are not solved.
Patent (CN 105242521 a) provides a method for implementing a physical system of a micro atomic clock by using elliptical polarized light to resonate with atoms and differentially detecting the optical rotation effect generated by the elliptical polarized light and the atoms, which eliminates noise floor generated by the optical frequency component which does not interact with atoms in the polychromatic light output by the VCSEL, however, the method uses elliptical polarized light to interact with atoms, compared with the circular polarized light of popular CPT atomic clock scheme, the obtained CPT resonance signal has low amplitude, and a quarter wave plate, a polarizing beam splitter and a photodetector are added, which increases the volume and complexity of the physical system.
Therefore, the invention provides a miniature CPT atomic clock physical system device for solving the problems, which aims to keep the advantages that CPT resonance signals of a popular miniature CPT atomic clock physical system are less influenced by the intensity change of an environmental magnetic field, the laser frequency is easy to implement and stabilize, and the like, and meanwhile, the defects of the problems are eliminated.
The embodiment of the invention is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the miniature CPT atomic clock physical system apparatus designed in the present invention includes a Bias-Tee Bias 1 and a VCSEL laser 2, where the Bias-Tee Bias 1 is used to couple direct current and microwaves and input the direct current to the VCSEL laser 2, the input direct current is set to 1.2mA, the input microwave frequency is set to 3.4815 ghz, the model of the VCSEL laser 2 is ULM795-01-TN, and the temperature is controlled to 30.5 ℃; the VCSEL 2 is used for outputting coherent frequency modulation polychromatic linear polarized light with the wavelength of 794.98 nm; the laser also comprises a lens 3, an attenuation sheet 4, a quarter wave plate 5 and a triangular atomic gas chamber 6 which are sequentially arranged along the emission light path of the VCSEL 2; the lens 3 is used for converting divergent light emitted by the VCSEL laser 2 into a parallel light beam; the attenuation sheet 4 is used for adjusting the intensity of the light beam; the quarter wave plate 5 is used for converting linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light.
As shown in fig. 3, alkali metal atoms for resonating with circularly polarized light are provided in the triangular atom cell 6; the three vertex angles of the triangular atomic gas chamber 6 are sequentially provided with a concave surface part reflection part transmission mirror 7, a concave surface reflection mirror 8 and a plane part reflection part transmission mirror 9; a photoelectric detector 10 is arranged on an emergent light path of the plane partial reflection partial transmission mirror 9; the circularly polarized light beam is incident along the concave partial reflecting partial transmitting mirror 7, reflected by the concave reflecting mirror 8, incident on the plane partial reflecting partial transmitting mirror 9, partially transmitted and detected by the photodetector 10, and partially reflected and incident on the concave partial reflecting partial transmitting mirror 7 to form an optical loop.
Wherein the alkali metal atom is 87 Rb or Rb 133 Cs, preferably 87 An Rb atom; the triangular atomic gas chamber 6 is also filled with an inert gas, which is Ar or Ne.
Specifically, the concave partially reflecting partially transmitting mirror 7, the concave reflecting mirror 8, and the plane partially reflecting partially transmitting mirror 9 constitute an optical FP cavity having a length equal to the sum of the three lengths of the triangular atomic gas cell 6, i.e., FP cavity length l=l 1 +L 2 +L 3 。
Optical FP cavity free spectral range:
the frequency difference between the two low energy states of the alkali metal atoms used as CPT configuration is V hfs ；
The optical FP cavity length L satisfies:
c is the speed of light, i.e
When the above condition is satisfied, the fundamental order sideband component in the fm polychromatic light output by the VCSEL laser 2 resonates with the optical FP cavity and can pass through the optical FP cavity; and the fundamental frequency component, the even-order sideband component and the optical FP cavity are detuned, so that the optical FP cavity cannot be penetrated, and therefore, the useless noise floor of the CPT resonance signal detected by the photodetector 10 is reduced, thereby improving the quality of the CPT resonance signal.
Further, the outer layer of the triangular atomic gas chamber 6 is provided with a solenoid coil, and a magnetic shielding shell is arranged outside the solenoid coil to shield the interference of an external environment magnetic field.
The micro CPT atomic clock physical system device combines the alkali metal atomic air chamber with the optical triangle Fabry-Perot resonant cavity (FP cavity), and by setting the proper optical FP cavity length, the optical FP cavity resonates with the base-order sidebands (including + -1-order sidebands, namely effective coherent double-color light) in coherent polychromatic light emitted by the VCSEL 2 and detunes with the even-order sidebands (fundamental frequency, + -2, + -4-order sidebands and …), so that background noise generated by the even-order sidebands is eliminated by detecting the transmitted light signals, and the obtained CPT resonant signal background is reduced. The effective coherent bicolor light accounts for the total power ratio of the laser, and the coherent bicolor light and the alkali metal atoms act for many times in the triangular optical FP cavity, so that the acting optical path is increased, the CPT resonance signal amplitude is effectively improved, and the miniature CPT atomic clock with higher frequency stability is realized.
Specifically, the reflectivity of the concave portion reflection portion transmission mirror 7 in this embodiment is 95%, and the focal length is 10mm; the reflectivity of the concave reflector 8 is more than 99%, and the focal length is 15mm; the reflectivity of the plane partially reflecting partially transmitting mirror 9 is 98%, the optical FP cavity length L is set to 44mm, see in particular fig. 3, L 1 Is 14mm, L 2 15mm, L 3 15mm. 87 Rb atom is used as frequency difference V between two low energy states of CPT configuration hfs 6.8GHz, satisfies:
referring to fig. 4, the components of the base sidebands of the 1 st order, the 3 rd order and the like can pass through the FP cavity, and the components of the even sidebands of the base frequencies, the 2 nd order and the like cannot pass through the FP cavity, so that the noise floor of the CPT resonance signal detected by the photodetector 10 is reduced, and the quality of the CPT resonance signal is improved.
It should be added that the triangular atomic gas chamber 6, the concave partially reflecting partially transmitting mirror 7, the concave reflecting mirror 8 and the plane partially reflecting partially transmitting mirror 9 are integrated into a single chip, and can be integrated by micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology, and the cavity length of the optical FP cavity is designed and strictly controlled by MEMS technology.
Fig. 5 shows the CPT resonance signals recorded in the experiment under the same experimental conditions in this embodiment, fig. 5 (a) shows the CPT resonance signals obtained by the apparatus of fig. 2, and fig. 5 (b) shows the CPT resonance signals obtained by the apparatus of fig. 1, where the noise floor of the CPT resonance signals obtained by the apparatus of the present invention is 0.8V, and the noise floor of the popular CPT physical system is 1.8V.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a miniature CPT atomic clock physical system device, includes Bias-Tee biaser (1) and VCSEL (2), bias-Tee biaser (1) are used for coupling direct current and microwave and input to VCSEL (2), VCSEL (2) are used for outputting coherent frequency modulation polychromatic linearly polarized light; the device is characterized by further comprising a lens (3), an attenuation sheet (4), a quarter wave plate (5) and a triangular atomic gas chamber (6) which are sequentially arranged along an emission light path of the VCSEL (2); the lens (3) is used for converting divergent light emitted by the VCSEL (2) into parallel light beams; the attenuation sheet (4) is used for adjusting the intensity of the light beam; the quarter wave plate (5) is used for converting linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light;
alkali metal atoms for resonating with circularly polarized light are provided in the triangular atom air chamber (6); the three vertex angles of the triangular atomic gas chamber (6) are sequentially provided with a concave partial reflection part transmission mirror (7), a concave reflection mirror (8) and a plane partial reflection part transmission mirror (9); the emergent light path of the plane partial reflection partial transmission mirror (9) is provided with a photoelectric detector (10); the circularly polarized light beam is incident along the concave surface partial reflection part transmission mirror (7), is reflected by the concave surface reflection mirror (8), then is incident on the plane partial reflection part transmission mirror (9), is detected by the photoelectric detector (10) after being partially transmitted, and is incident on the concave surface partial reflection part transmission mirror (7) after being partially reflected, so as to form an optical loop.
2. The miniature CPT atomic clock physical system apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said concave partially reflecting partially transmitting mirror (7), concave reflecting mirror (8), and planar partially reflecting partially transmitting mirror (9) form an optical FP cavity having a FP cavity length equal to the sum of the three side lengths of the triangular atomic gas cell (6), i.e., FP cavity length l=l 1 +L 2 +L 3 。
3. The miniature CPT atomic clock physical system apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said optical FP cavity free spectral range FSR:
the frequency difference between the two low energy states of the alkali metal atoms used as CPT configuration is V hfs ；
The optical FP cavity length L satisfies:
c is the speed of light, i.e
4. The miniature CPT atomic clock physical system apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said alkali metal atoms are 87 Rb or Rb 133 Cs。
5. The miniature CPT atomic clock physical system apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said triangular atomic gas chamber (6) is further filled with an inert gas.
6. The miniature CPT atomic clock physical system apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said inert gas is Ar or Ne.
7. The miniature CPT atomic clock physical system apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said triangular atomic gas chamber (6) is provided with a solenoid coil on the outside, and a magnetic shield is provided on the outside of said solenoid coil.
8. The miniature CPT atomic clock physical system apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said triangular atomic gas cell (6) is integrated as a monolithic chip with a concave partially reflective partially transmissive mirror (7), a concave reflective mirror (8), a planar partially reflective partially transmissive mirror (9).
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| CN202210363515.2A CN114675524B (en) | 2022-04-08 | 2022-04-08 | Miniature CPT atomic clock physical system device |
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| CN202210363515.2A CN114675524B (en) | 2022-04-08 | 2022-04-08 | Miniature CPT atomic clock physical system device |
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| CN114675524B true CN114675524B (en) | 2024-02-09 |
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| CN116826521B (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-11-28 | 中国航天三江集团有限公司 | Reflective atomic air chamber and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101425804A (en) * | 2008-10-28 | 2009-05-06 | 北京大学 | Coherent arrangement imprisoned atomic clock |
| CN109491231A (en) * | 2019-01-19 | 2019-03-19 | 蚌埠学院 | A kind of left-right rotary circularly polarized light CPT atomic clock physical system device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2006036268A2 (en) * | 2004-07-16 | 2006-04-06 | Sarnoff Corporation | Chip-scale atomic clock (csac) and method for making same |
| US7379486B2 (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2008-05-27 | Honeywell International Inc. | Technique for optically pumping alkali-metal atoms using CPT resonances |
| CN102799101B (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-09-18 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Physical system device for chip coherent population trapping (CPT) atomic clock |
| JP6124536B2 (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2017-05-10 | 株式会社リコー | Atomic oscillator and CPT resonance excitation method |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101425804A (en) * | 2008-10-28 | 2009-05-06 | 北京大学 | Coherent arrangement imprisoned atomic clock |
| CN109491231A (en) * | 2019-01-19 | 2019-03-19 | 蚌埠学院 | A kind of left-right rotary circularly polarized light CPT atomic clock physical system device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 激光参量对CPT铷原子钟稳定度影响的数值分析;王鑫;范琦;杜志静;郭文阁;常宏;张首刚;;时间频率学报(02);全文 * |
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