CN114675277A - Near-ground atmosphere refractive index profile monitoring method based on commercial microwave return link - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本申请属于近地面大气环境参数获取技术领域，具体涉及基于商用微波回传链路的近地面大气折射率廓线监测方法。The application belongs to the technical field of obtaining near-ground atmospheric environment parameters, and in particular relates to a near-ground atmospheric refractive index profile monitoring method based on a commercial microwave backhaul link.
背景技术Background technique
近地面大气折射率廓线对电磁信号传播路径具有重要影响，异常的大气折射率垂直梯度往往会造成商用通信设备无法正常工作，同时也可能实现地基雷达的超视距探测。目前，近地面大气折射率廓线信息的监测手段较为有限。通过球载的无线电探空仪遥测大气的温、压、湿参数廓线，可以通过理论公式计算出相应的大气折射率廓线信息。然而，常规业务中无线电探空仪只每日定点放飞两次，导致无法获取精细的大气折射率廓线变化信息。此外，无线电探空仪在近地面的垂直分辨率也很低。折射计可以直接精确的测量大气折射率，但仪器笨重且价格昂贵，无法大范围推广。The atmospheric refractive index profile near the ground has an important influence on the propagation path of electromagnetic signals. The abnormal vertical gradient of atmospheric refractive index often causes commercial communication equipment to fail to work normally, and may also realize over-the-horizon detection of ground-based radar. At present, the monitoring methods of near-surface atmospheric refractive index profile information are relatively limited. The temperature, pressure and humidity parameters of the atmosphere are measured remotely by the radiosonde on the ball, and the corresponding atmospheric refractive index profile information can be calculated through theoretical formulas. However, in conventional operations, radiosondes are only launched twice a day at fixed points, which makes it impossible to obtain fine information on changes in atmospheric refractive index profiles. In addition, the vertical resolution of radiosondes near the ground is also very low. The refractometer can directly and accurately measure the atmospheric refractive index, but the instrument is cumbersome and expensive, and cannot be widely promoted.
除了上述专业大气折射率探测方法，全球广泛存在的非合作电磁波源也可以用于大气折射率廓线的探测。最典型的例子是利用GPS信号穿过对流层所产生的大气折射量来计算大气折射率。该方法可以实现低成本、高垂直分辨率的全球大气折射率廓线监测，但是难以获取近地面范围的有效信息。除了GPS非合作电磁波源，近地面还广泛存在着大量商用微波回传链路，这些链路的运行频率在6～42GHz范围之间，链路长度在几千米～几十千米不等。商用微波回传链路电磁传播过程同样也会受到大气折射廓线影响进而造成接收端信号发生波动，因此这些信号之中也蕴含着大气折射率廓线信息，理论上可以用于大气折射率廓线监测，但如何利用商用微波的这种信号波动，却没有一套成熟可行的技术。In addition to the professional atmospheric refractive index detection methods mentioned above, non-cooperative electromagnetic wave sources that exist widely around the world can also be used for the detection of atmospheric refractive index profiles. The most typical example is to use the amount of atmospheric refraction produced by GPS signals passing through the troposphere to calculate the atmospheric refractive index. This method can realize low-cost, high vertical resolution global atmospheric refractive index profile monitoring, but it is difficult to obtain effective information in the near-surface range. In addition to GPS non-cooperative electromagnetic wave sources, there are also a large number of commercial microwave backhaul links on the ground. The electromagnetic propagation process of commercial microwave backhaul links is also affected by the atmospheric refraction profile, which causes the signal at the receiving end to fluctuate. Therefore, these signals also contain atmospheric refractive index profile information, which can theoretically be used for atmospheric refractive index profiles. However, there is no mature and feasible technology on how to utilize this signal fluctuation of commercial microwaves.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本申请提出了基于商用微波回传链路的近地面大气折射率廓线监测方法，根据区域内微波回传链路发射端和接收端功率，计算多链路晴空实测衰减；定义近地面大气折射率廓线表征参数并设置初始值，实现对大气折射率廓线的描述；基于链路接收端和发射端空间位置，结合电磁传播模型，计算多链路晴空理论衰减；根据实测衰减和理论衰减差异计算目标函数，通过一定寻优算法求解近地面大气折射率廓线表征参数最优解，实现区域范围内近地面大气折射率廓线有效反演。This application proposes a near-ground atmospheric refractive index profile monitoring method based on a commercial microwave backhaul link. According to the power of the transmitter and receiver of the microwave backhaul link in the region, the measured attenuation of the multi-link clear sky is calculated; the near-ground atmospheric refractive index is defined. The rate profile characterizes the parameters and sets the initial value to realize the description of the atmospheric refractive index profile; based on the spatial position of the link receiving end and the transmitting end, combined with the electromagnetic propagation model, the multi-link clear sky theoretical attenuation is calculated; based on the measured attenuation and theoretical attenuation The objective function is calculated by the difference, and the optimal solution of the characterization parameters of the near-surface atmospheric refractive index profile is obtained through a certain optimization algorithm, so as to realize the effective inversion of the near-surface atmospheric refractive index profile in the region.
为实现上述目的，本申请提供了如下方案：To achieve the above purpose, the application provides the following solutions:
基于商用微波回传链路的近地面大气折射率廓线监测方法，包括如下步骤：The method for monitoring the refractive index profile of the near-surface atmosphere based on a commercial microwave backhaul link includes the following steps:
基于预设区域内商用微波回传链路，获取每条所述商用微波回传链路的晴空实测衰减；Obtain the measured clear sky attenuation of each commercial microwave backhaul link based on the commercial microwave backhaul link in the preset area;
设定并初始化近地面大气折射率廓线的表征参数；Set and initialize the characterization parameters of the near-surface atmospheric refractive index profile;
根据商用微波的天线参数、链路接收端和发射端空间位置，基于所述表征参数和电磁传播计算模型，得到每条商用微波回传链路的晴空理论衰减；According to the antenna parameters of the commercial microwave, the spatial positions of the link receiving end and the transmitting end, and based on the characterization parameters and the electromagnetic propagation calculation model, the clear sky theoretical attenuation of each commercial microwave backhaul link is obtained;
根据所述晴空实测衰减和所述晴空理论衰减，计算晴空衰减目标函数；Calculate the clear sky attenuation objective function according to the clear sky measured attenuation and the clear sky theoretical attenuation;
基于所述晴空衰减目标函数，使用寻优算法，得到所述近地面大气折射率廓线表征参数得到最优解，完成近地面大气折射率廓线监测。Based on the clear sky attenuation objective function, an optimization algorithm is used to obtain the optimal solution of the near-surface atmospheric refractive index profile characterization parameters, and the near-surface atmospheric refractive index profile monitoring is completed.
可选的，获取每条所述商用微波回传链路的所述晴空实测衰减的方法包括：Optionally, the method for obtaining the measured clear sky attenuation of each of the commercial microwave backhaul links includes:
选择所述预设区域内N条稳定运行的商用微波回传链路，并获取所述商用微波回传链路的发射端空间位置、接收端空间位置和天线参数；Selecting N stably operating commercial microwave backhaul links in the preset area, and acquiring the spatial position of the transmitter, the spatial position of the receiver, and antenna parameters of the commercial microwave backhaul link;
按照预设时间间隔，分别计算每条商用微波回传链路的发射端平均功率和接收端平均功率；Calculate the average power of the transmitter and the average power of the receiver of each commercial microwave backhaul link according to the preset time interval;
根据所述发射端平均功率和所述接收端平均功率，得到每条所述商用微波回传链路的所述晴空实测衰减。According to the average power of the transmitting end and the average power of the receiving end, the measured clear sky attenuation of each commercial microwave backhaul link is obtained.
可选的，所述电磁传播计算模型包括但不限于抛物方程法。Optionally, the electromagnetic propagation calculation model includes but is not limited to a parabolic equation method.
可选的，根据商用微波的所述天线参数、所述链路接收端和发射端空间位置，基于所述表征参数和所述电磁传播计算模型，利用分步广角抛物方程模型，得到每条商用微波回传链路的所述晴空理论衰减。Optionally, according to the antenna parameters of the commercial microwave, the spatial positions of the link receiving end and the transmitting end, based on the characterization parameters and the electromagnetic propagation calculation model, and using a step-by-step wide-angle parabolic equation model, obtain each commercial microwave. Said clear sky theoretical attenuation for microwave backhaul links.
可选的，所述晴空衰减目标函数为：Optionally, the clear sky attenuation objective function is:
其中，Regularizer(M)为正则化项。Among them, Regularizer(M) is the regularization term.
可选的，所述正则化项包括但不限于L1正则化项。Optionally, the regularization term includes but is not limited to the L1 regularization term.
可选的，所述近地面大气折射率廓线表征参数的最优解为使所述目标函数最小的解，表达式为
可选的，所述寻优算法包括但不限于蚁群算法。Optionally, the optimization algorithm includes but is not limited to an ant colony algorithm.
本申请的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of this application are:
本申请公开了基于商用微波回传链路的近地面大气折射率廓线监测方法，在提取商用微波回传链路衰减信息的基础上，结合电磁传播计算模型，搜寻最优大气折射率廓线表征参数，实现了区域范围内近地面大气折射率廓线的有效监测；同时，本申请方法基于地面广泛现存的商用微波回传链路，无需投入额外仪器设备即可实现近地面大气折射率廓线信息获取，具有成本低、时空分辨率高、覆盖范围广等优点，应用价值极高。本申请方法可以作为近地面大气折射率廓线监测新方法应用到实际业务当中。The present application discloses a method for monitoring the near-ground atmospheric refractive index profile based on a commercial microwave backhaul link. On the basis of extracting the attenuation information of the commercial microwave backhaul link, the optimal atmospheric refractive index profile is searched in combination with an electromagnetic propagation calculation model. The characterization parameters enable the effective monitoring of the near-surface atmospheric refractive index profile in the region; at the same time, the method of the present application is based on the extensive existing commercial microwave backhaul links on the ground, and the near-surface atmospheric refractive index profile can be realized without investing in additional instruments and equipment. Online information acquisition has the advantages of low cost, high temporal and spatial resolution, and wide coverage, and has extremely high application value. The method of the present application can be applied to practical business as a new method for monitoring the refractive index profile of the near-ground atmosphere.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，下面对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to explain the technical solutions of the present application more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, which are common in the art. As far as technical personnel are concerned, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without the need for creative labor.
图1为本申请实施例的基于商用微波回传链路的近地面大气折射率廓线监测方法流程示意图；1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for monitoring near-ground atmospheric refractive index profiles based on a commercial microwave backhaul link according to an embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请实施例的商用微波回传链路分布示意图；FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of distribution of commercial microwave backhaul links according to an embodiment of the present application;
图3为本申请实施例的大气折射率廓线表征参数示意图；Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the atmospheric refractive index profile characterization parameter of the embodiment of the application;
图4为本申请实施例的大气折射率廓线反演结果示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an atmospheric refractive index profile inversion result according to an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of this application.
为使本申请的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本申请作进一步详细的说明。In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示，为本申请实施例的基于商用微波回传链路的近地面大气折射率廓线监测方法流程示意图，主要包括以下几个步骤：As shown in FIG. 1, it is a schematic flowchart of the method for monitoring the refractive index profile of the near-ground atmosphere based on a commercial microwave backhaul link according to an embodiment of the present application, which mainly includes the following steps:
首先，基于预设区域内商用微波的回传链路，获取每条所述回传链路的晴空实测衰减。First, based on the backhaul links of commercial microwaves in a preset area, the measured clear sky attenuation of each backhaul link is obtained.
在本实施例中，该步骤的具体实现方法包括下面3个步骤：In this embodiment, the specific implementation method of this step includes the following 3 steps:
1.选择预设区域内4条稳定运行的商用微波回传链路MBL1,MBL2,MBL3,MBL4，其发射端空间位置分别为S1＝(xs1,ys1,zs1),S2＝(xs2,ys2,zs2),S3＝(xs3,ys3,zs3),S4＝(xs4,ys4,zs4)，接收端空间位置分别为E1＝(xe1,ye1,ze1),E2＝(xe2,ye2,ze2),E3＝(xe3,ye3,ze3),E4＝(xe4,ye4,ze4)，天线参数分别为A1,A2,A3,A4；1. Select four stably operating commercial microwave backhaul links MBL 1 , MBL 2 , MBL 3 , and MBL 4 in the preset area, and the spatial positions of the transmitters are S 1 =(xs 1 , ys 1 , zs 1 ) , S 2 =(xs 2 , ys 2 , zs 2 ), S 3 =(xs 3 , ys 3 , zs 3 ), S 4 =(xs 4 , ys 4 , zs 4 ), the spatial positions of the receiving end are E respectively 1 =(xe 1 ,ye 1 ,ze 1 ),E 2 =(xe 2 ,ye 2 ,ze 2 ),E 3 =(xe 3 ,ye 3 ,ze 3 ),E 4 =(xe 4 ,ye 4 , ze 4 ), the antenna parameters are A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , and A 4 respectively;
2.按照预设时间间隔，计算每条链路的发射端平均功率TP1,TP2,TP3,TP4，接收端平均功率RP1,RP2,RP3,RP4；在本实施例中，以60min为时间间隔。2. According to the preset time interval, calculate the average power TP 1 , TP 2 , TP 3 , TP 4 of the transmitting end of each link, and the average power RP 1 , RP 2 , RP 3 , RP 4 of the receiving end of each link; in this embodiment , with 60min as the time interval.
3.根据接收端与发射端之间的功率差值，计算每条链路的晴空实测衰减PLi＝TPi-RPi(i＝1,2,…,4)。3. According to the power difference between the receiving end and the transmitting end, calculate the clear sky measured attenuation PL i =TP i -RP i (i=1,2,...,4) of each link.
在实际应用过程中，根据多条商用微波回传链路所记录的接收端和发射端功率，可获得一定区域内近地面平均大气折射率廓线信息，在本实施例中，商用微波回传链路分布示意如图2所示。In the actual application process, according to the power of the receiving end and the transmitting end recorded by multiple commercial microwave backhaul links, the average atmospheric refractive index profile information near the ground in a certain area can be obtained. In this embodiment, the commercial microwave backhaul The schematic diagram of link distribution is shown in Figure 2.
然后，如图3所示，设置近地面大气折射率廓线表征参数M＝[k1,k2,k3,H1,H2]，并初始化为k1＝-10N-unitkm-1,k2＝10N-unitkm-1,k3＝-10N-unitkm-1,H1＝30m,H2＝60m。Then, as shown in Figure 3, set the near-surface atmospheric refractive index profile characterization parameter M=[k 1 , k 2 , k 3 , H 1 , H 2 ], and initialize it as k 1 =-10N-unitkm -1 , k 2 =10N-unitkm -1 , k 3 =-10N-unitkm -1 , H 1 =30m, H 2 =60m.
再次，根据初始阶段得到的天线参数、链路接收端和发射端空间位置，以及上一步设置的近地面大气折射率廓线表征参数，结合电磁传播计算模型，并基于分步广角抛物方程模型，计算每条链路的晴空理论衰减PL01,PL02,PL03,PL04。在本实施例中，电磁传播计算模型包括但不限于抛物方程法。Third, according to the antenna parameters obtained in the initial stage, the spatial positions of the link receiving end and the transmitting end, and the near-surface atmospheric refractive index profile characterization parameters set in the previous step, combined with the electromagnetic propagation calculation model, and based on the step-by-step wide-angle parabolic equation model, Calculate the clear sky theoretical attenuation PL 01 , PL 02 , PL 03 , PL 04 for each link. In this embodiment, the electromagnetic propagation calculation model includes but is not limited to the parabolic equation method.
随后，根据晴空实测衰减和所述晴空理论衰减，计算晴空衰减目标函数。Then, the clear sky attenuation objective function is calculated according to the clear sky measured attenuation and the clear sky theoretical attenuation.
在本实施例中，目标函数J(M)为：In this embodiment, the objective function J(M) is:
其中，Regularizer(M)为正则化项，在本实施例中，正则化项包括但不限于L1正则化项。Wherein, Regularizer(M) is a regularization term, and in this embodiment, the regularization term includes but is not limited to the L1 regularization term.
最后，基于晴空衰减目标函数，使用寻优算法，得到近地面大气折射率廓线表征参数得到最优解，完成近地面大气折射率廓线监测，大气折射率廓线反演结果如图4所示。Finally, based on the clear sky attenuation objective function, the optimization algorithm is used to obtain the optimal solution of the parameters representing the refractive index profile of the near-surface atmosphere, and the monitoring of the refractive index profile of the near-surface atmosphere is completed. The inversion results of the atmospheric refractive index profile are shown in Figure 4. Show.
在本实施例中，近地面大气折射率廓线表征参数的最优解为上述目标函数最小的解，表达式为
以上所述的实施例仅是对本申请优选方式进行的描述，并非对本申请的范围进行限定，在不脱离本申请设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本申请的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本申请权利要求书确定的保护范围内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application. Without departing from the design spirit of the present application, those of ordinary skill in the art can make various Variations and improvements shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of this application.
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