CN114675146A - Method for monitoring friction and wear state by using friction electric signal - Google Patents

Method for monitoring friction and wear state by using friction electric signal Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114675146A
CN114675146A CN202210317654.1A CN202210317654A CN114675146A CN 114675146 A CN114675146 A CN 114675146A CN 202210317654 A CN202210317654 A CN 202210317654A CN 114675146 A CN114675146 A CN 114675146A
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China
Prior art keywords
friction
monitoring
electric signal
motion
pair
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Pending
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CN202210317654.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王道爱
冯雁歌
刘祥
周峰
刘维民
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Qingdao Center Of Resource Chemistry & New Materials
Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS
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Qingdao Center Of Resource Chemistry & New Materials
Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS
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Application filed by Qingdao Center Of Resource Chemistry & New Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS filed Critical Qingdao Center Of Resource Chemistry & New Materials
Priority to CN202210317654.1A priority Critical patent/CN114675146A/en
Publication of CN114675146A publication Critical patent/CN114675146A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
    • G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2233/00—Monitoring condition, e.g. temperature, load, vibration

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of friction, and provides a method for monitoring a friction and wear state by using a friction electric signal. The invention monitors the friction electric signal generated by the friction pair in the friction movement process, and judges the friction and wear state of the two friction surfaces according to the friction electric signal obtained by monitoring. The method provided by the invention can monitor the lubricating state in the friction pair, avoids abrasion caused by lubrication failure, can realize real-time and dynamic monitoring of the friction pair, is sensitive in response, can monitor on the premise of not opening and not damaging the friction pair, and is simple and convenient to install; furthermore, the method provided by the invention is suitable for various friction pairs, the contact modes comprise point contact, line contact and surface contact, and the motion modes comprise linear motion, linear reciprocating motion and rotary motion.

Description

Method for monitoring friction and wear state by using friction electric signal
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of friction, in particular to a method for monitoring a friction and wear state by using a friction electric signal.
Background
Among various failure modes of the equipment, the wear failure and the adverse effect generated by the wear failure account for the highest proportion. Lubrication is to reduce the friction between two friction surfaces by using a lubricating medium so as to reduce the abrasion, and because of the difference between the understanding and the objective reality of people on the complex physical and chemical processes in a tribology system and the influence of various uncertain factors in the actual operation process, the perfect design is difficult to ensure that the equipment is always in a good lubricating state. Therefore, dynamic monitoring of lubrication and wear conditions during operation of the equipment is essential.
With the increasing development of heavy-load, high-speed, large-scale, automatic and multifunctional equipment, the maintenance cost and shutdown loss of the equipment are also increased sharply. Consequently, higher demands must be made on the reliability and economy of operation of the plant, and the industry is motivated to place more stringent requirements on the basis of the implementation of condition monitoring for optional maintenance. The state monitoring and the maintenance according to the conditions can greatly reduce the production cost of enterprises and improve the economic benefits of the enterprises. Conventional equipment maintenance methods include post-failure repair and periodic maintenance, while advanced equipment maintenance methods are predictive maintenance based on equipment condition detection. Therefore, the lubricating state of the friction pair is monitored in real time, so that initial faults are found and corresponding measures are taken, and the method has very important practical significance and practical value for prolonging the service life of the machine and reducing the maintenance cost.
At present, the following methods are used for monitoring the lubrication state of the friction pair in real time:
(1) monitoring of lubrication status of friction pair using frictional heat
The temperature rise during the rubbing process was measured by contact resistance, capacitance method, thermocouple, and the like. The disadvantages of this method are: 1. the two surfaces which are mutually attached are tested, the arrangement of a testing instrument is difficult to a certain extent, and the dynamic temperature of the friction surface cannot be accurately measured; 2. for some friction pairs with smaller contact surfaces, the temperature difference in the area is very small, and the measurement difficulty is increased to a certain extent; 3. when the temperature rise is monitored to be large, the fact that the two friction surfaces of the friction pair are worn is indicated, and early warning cannot be given out before the friction surfaces are worn.
(2) Monitoring of lubrication state of friction pair based on vibration signal
The method mainly monitors the faults of fatigue peeling, deformation, indentation, local corrosion and the like in the friction pair by acquiring and processing the vibration signal of the friction pair in the running process. The disadvantages of this approach are: the two friction surfaces of the diagnosed friction pair are damaged seriously, and the diagnosis on the early friction pair fault is not sensitive enough.
(3) Monitoring of lubrication status of friction pair based on oil-liquid basis
The friction pair lubricated by oil or cooled by oil can bring related signals into circulating oil liquid in the operation process, so that the operation state of the friction pair can be known by observing and analyzing the oil liquid in the operation process, and the form and the position of a fault can be deduced. The disadvantages of this approach are: sudden failures cannot be forecasted in time, and experience dependence on personnel is strong.
(4) Monitoring of lubrication state of friction pair based on oil film resistance
If a good oil film is formed between the two friction surfaces of the friction pair in the running process, the resistance value of the two friction surfaces can reach more than megaohms, but when the lubricating oil film is damaged, the two surfaces are in contact, and the resistance can be reduced to zero ohms. The monitoring technology utilizes the characteristic to monitor the lubrication state of the friction pair. The disadvantages of this approach are: after the oil film is completely broken, the contact resistance of the two surfaces can be greatly changed, but at the moment, the lubrication of the lubricant is completely failed, and the two friction pair surfaces are rubbed for a period of time in a poor lubrication state and possibly seriously worn.
In conclusion, the conventional friction wear monitoring methods all have the problem of poor sensitivity, and cannot give an early warning when the lubrication begins to deteriorate.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for monitoring a friction and wear state by using a friction electric signal, which can realize real-time and dynamic monitoring of a friction pair, has sensitive response, can give an early warning when a lubrication state begins to deteriorate, and can timely avoid wear caused by lubrication failure.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method of monitoring a frictional wear state using an electrical frictional signal, comprising the steps of:
and monitoring a friction electric signal generated by the friction pair in the friction motion process, and judging the friction and wear states of the two friction surfaces according to the friction electric signal obtained by monitoring.
Preferably, the contact form of the friction pair is point contact, line contact or surface contact.
Preferably, the friction motion is in the form of linear motion, linear reciprocating motion or rotary motion;
the frictional movement is performed under solid lubrication, liquid lubrication or grease lubrication conditions.
Preferably, the material of the object composing the friction pair is independently a conductor or an insulator.
Preferably, the material of the object forming the friction pair is independently steel, copper, ceramic or plastic.
Preferably, the method for monitoring the triboelectric signal is as follows: one end of a wire is connected to any one object forming the friction pair, the other end of the wire is connected with a detector, and the detector transmits detected electric signals to a display in real time through a data line.
Preferably, when the object connected with the lead is an insulator, a layer of conductive material is firstly attached to the surface of the object, and then the lead is connected to the conductive material.
Preferably, the detector is a current amplifier or an oscilloscope.
Preferably, the criterion for judging the frictional wear state of the two frictional surfaces is: when the electric discharge phenomenon occurs, the friction surface is abraded.
Preferably, the value of the electric signal at which the discharge phenomenon occurs when the friction surface is initially worn is represented as A1During the process of monitoring the frictional electric signal, the electric signal is A1An alarm device is arranged.
The invention provides a method for monitoring a friction and wear state by using a friction electric signal, which comprises the following steps: and monitoring a friction electric signal generated by the friction pair in the friction motion process, and judging the friction and wear states of the two friction surfaces according to the friction electric signal obtained by monitoring. When the friction pair is in a normal friction state, the current generated by friction is stable, and when the friction state is changed, the generated friction electric signal is changed along with the change. The invention provides a method for monitoring the wear state of a friction pair by utilizing the phenomenon, which can monitor the lubrication state in the friction pair in real time, can monitor the time when the lubrication state begins to become poor, and avoids the wear caused by lubrication failure.
In addition, the method provided by the invention can realize real-time and dynamic monitoring of the friction pair, has sensitive response, can monitor on the premise of not opening and damaging the friction pair, and is simple and convenient to install; the method provided by the invention is suitable for friction pairs under various lubricating conditions, the contact modes comprise point contact, line contact and surface contact, and the motion modes comprise linear motion, linear reciprocating motion and rotary motion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the contact form of the friction pair, wherein (1) is spherical contact, (2) is line contact, and (3) is surface contact;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the motion of the friction pair, in which (1) is a linear motion, (2) is a reciprocating motion, and (3) is a rotary motion;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection of the monitoring device when the first friction body is a conductor and is in a fixed state;
FIG. 4 illustrates the connection of the monitoring device when the first friction body is an insulator and is in a fixed state;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the connection of the monitoring device when the second friction body is a conductor and is in a fixed state;
FIG. 6 shows the connection of the monitoring device when the second friction body is an insulator and is in a fixed state;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the connection of a monitoring device in monitoring the frictional wear state of a rolling bearing in embodiment 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the connection of a monitoring device in monitoring the frictional wear state of a rolling bearing in embodiment 1;
in FIGS. 3 to 8: 1-a first friction body, 2-a second friction body, 3-a lead, 4-a detector, 5-a data line, 6-a computer, 7-a conductive material, 8-a rolling body, 9-an outer ring and 10-an inner ring;
fig. 9 shows the results of monitoring the frictional electric signal of the rolling bearing in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for monitoring a friction and wear state by using a friction electric signal, which comprises the following steps:
and monitoring a friction electric signal generated by the friction pair in the friction motion process, and judging the friction and wear states of the two friction surfaces according to the friction electric signal obtained by monitoring.
In the invention, the contact form of the friction pair is preferably point contact, line contact or surface contact, the point contact is preferably friction occurring between a sphere and a plane, and is called spherical friction or point-surface friction, as shown in (1) in fig. 1; the line contact is preferably friction between the side surface of the cylinder and the plane, which is rolling surface friction or line surface friction, as shown in (2) in fig. 1; the surface contact is a friction occurring between flat surfaces, called a surface-to-surface friction, as shown in (3) in fig. 1. The invention has no special requirements on the specific form of the friction pair, and the friction pair which generates friction motion under different lubricating conditions can be monitored by adopting the method of the invention. In particular embodiments of the invention, the frictional movement may be performed under solid lubrication, liquid lubrication or grease lubrication conditions.
In the present invention, the form of the friction motion is a linear motion, a linear reciprocating motion or a rotary motion, and the schematic diagram of the linear motion (unidirectional linear motion), the linear reciprocating motion or the rotary motion is shown in fig. 2, wherein (1) is a linear motion, (2) is a linear reciprocating motion, and (3) is a rotary motion.
In the present invention, the material of the object constituting the friction pair is independently preferably a conductor or an insulator, and particularly preferably steel, copper, ceramic, or plastic.
The method for monitoring the triboelectric signal is preferably: one end of a wire is connected to any one object forming the friction pair, the other end of the wire is connected with a detector, and the detector transmits detected electric signals to a display in real time through a data line.
In the present invention, the wire is preferably a copper wire; in a specific embodiment of the invention, when one of two objects forming the friction pair is fixed and the other object moves, the wire is preferably connected to the fixed object, so that the wire is convenient to arrange and does not influence the friction movement; when the wires are connected to a moving object, they are preferably used in conjunction with conductive slip rings to avoid affecting frictional movement. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, when the object connected with the wire is an insulator, it is preferable to first attach a layer of conductive material to the surface of the object, and then connect the wire to the conductive material; the conductive material is preferably a metal conductive film, more preferably a copper foil or an aluminum foil.
In the present invention, the detector is preferably a current amplifier or an oscilloscope. When the detector is a current amplifier, the electric signal displayed on the display is a current signal, and when the detector is an oscilloscope, the electric signal displayed on the display is a voltage signal.
In the present invention, the display is preferably a computer; the present invention does not require any special data line, and a data line for transmitting electrical signals, which is well known to those skilled in the art, may be used.
The following illustrates the connection of the monitoring device in different movement modes:
the two objects constituting the friction pair are respectively referred to as a first friction body and a second friction body.
When the first friction body is a conductor ball or surface and is in a fixed state and the second friction body reciprocates or moves in a single direction, the connection method of the monitoring device is as shown in fig. 3, wherein a lead 3 is connected to the first friction body 1, the other end of the lead 3 is connected to a detector 4, data of the detector is transmitted to a computer 6 through a data line 5 for analysis, and then the friction and wear state of the current friction pair is judged according to the friction electric signal.
When the first friction body is an insulator ball or surface and is in a fixed state and the second friction body does reciprocating or unidirectional motion, the connection method of the monitoring device is as shown in fig. 4, a layer of conductive material 7 is attached to the surface of the first friction body 1, then a lead 3 is connected to the conductive material 7, the other end of the lead 3 is connected with a detector 4, data of the detector is transmitted to a computer 6 through a data line 5 for analysis, and the friction and wear state of the current friction pair is judged according to the friction electric signal.
When the first friction body is in a reciprocating state and the second friction body is a conductor and is in a fixed state, the connection method of the monitoring device is as shown in fig. 5, a lead 3 is connected to the second friction body 2, the other end of the lead 3 is connected to a detector 4, data of the detector is transmitted to a computer 6 through a data line 5 for analysis, and then the friction and wear state of the current friction pair is judged according to the friction electric signal.
When the first friction body is in a reciprocating state, the second friction body is an insulator and is in a fixed state, the connection method of the monitoring device is as shown in fig. 6, a layer of conductive material 7 is pasted on the surface of the second friction body 2, then a lead 3 is connected to the conductive material 7, the other end of the lead 3 is connected with a detector 4, data of the detector is transmitted to a computer 6 through a data line 5 for analysis, and the friction and wear state of the current friction pair is judged according to the friction electric signal.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, a friction electric signal generated by friction of the friction pair is led out through a lead and transmitted to a computer through a current amplifier or an oscilloscope, a friction current or voltage signal is displayed on the computer, and when lubrication is good, the friction electric signal is stably output; when the friction state of the friction pair changes, the electrical signal with abnormal abrasion changes in the friction process, which shows that the friction current or voltage increases sharply.
In the present invention, the criterion for judging the frictional wear state of the two frictional surfaces is preferably: when the electric discharge phenomenon occurs, the abrasion of the friction surface is indicated. In the present invention, when the electrical signal is abruptly increased, it is considered that the discharge phenomenon occurs; in the embodiment of the invention, when the friction surface is not worn, the electric signal is stable, when the discharge phenomenon starts to appear, the friction surface is slightly worn, when the friction continues, the discharge phenomenon is more and more frequent, and the electric signal during the discharge is larger and larger, at the moment, the friction surface is changed from slight wear to serious wear. The invention aims to give a warning when the lubrication state begins to deteriorate, and in a specific embodiment of the invention, the value of the electrical signal at which the discharge phenomenon occurs when the friction surface is initially worn is recorded as A1During the process of monitoring the electric friction signal, the electric signal is A1The time is provided with the alarm device so as to send out an alarm signal at the initial stage of wear, so that the alarm device is convenient to process in time and avoid serious wear caused by lubrication failure.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the frictional electrical signal when the friction member is not worn, slightly worn, or severely worn exhibits different values according to different working conditions, the present invention is not limited in detail, and the determination is performed according to the actual situation, specifically, the frictional electrical signal when the friction member is not worn is recorded as a0The electrical signal discharged at the time of initial wear (i.e., slight wear) is denoted as A1And the electrical signal discharged when the material is severely worn is recorded as A2In some embodiments of the invention, A1Can be A03 times, 5 times or 10 times of A2Can be A12 times or 3 times of the total weight of the composition.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The friction and wear state of the rolling bearing is monitored in real time, the rolling bearing is composed of a rolling body, an outer ring and an inner ring, the rolling body, the outer ring and the inner ring are all made of high carbon bearing steel (GCr15), and the rolling bearing performs friction motion under the lubrication of a liquid lubricant. The connection mode of the monitoring device is shown in fig. 7-8, wherein one end of the lead 3 is connected to the outer ring, the other end is connected to the current amplifier, and the current amplifier transmits the friction electric signal to the computer 6 through the data line 5.
The electrical signal of friction monitored is shown in figure 9. In fig. 9, a dotted line frame 1 is a friction electric signal under a normal friction lubrication condition of the friction pair, and is 50nA, and a friction electric signal when the friction pair at the 2-position of the dotted line frame is slightly worn, so that a discharge phenomenon can be seen, the current during discharge reaches 500nA, and a dotted line frame 3 is a friction electric signal during heavy friction of the friction pair, so that the discharge frequency is increased, and the current during discharge reaches 1000 nA; when the current reaches 500nA, an alarm is set, and the alarm can be timely processed at the initial stage of wear.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method of monitoring a frictional wear state using an electrical frictional signal, comprising the steps of:
and monitoring a friction electric signal generated by the friction pair in the friction motion process, and judging the friction and wear states of the two friction surfaces according to the friction electric signal obtained by monitoring.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the contact of the friction pair is in the form of point contact, line contact, or surface contact.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the frictional motion is in the form of a linear motion, a linear reciprocating motion, or a rotational motion;
the frictional movement is performed under solid lubrication, liquid lubrication or grease lubrication conditions.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the material of the object constituting the friction pair is independently a conductor or an insulator.
5. A method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the material of the bodies making up the friction pair is independently steel, copper, ceramic or plastic.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the triboelectric signal is monitored by: one end of a wire is connected to any one object forming the friction pair, the other end of the wire is connected with a detector, and the detector transmits detected electric signals to a display in real time through a data line.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein when the object to which the wire is connected is an insulator, a conductive material is attached to a surface of the object, and then the wire is connected to the conductive material.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the detector is a current amplifier or an oscilloscope.
9. Method according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that the criteria for judging the state of frictional wear of the two friction surfaces are: when the electric discharge phenomenon occurs, the abrasion of the friction surface is indicated.
10. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the value of the electrical signal at which the phenomenon of electrical discharge occurs when the friction surface is initially worn is denoted A1At the time of monitoring saidIn the process of rubbing the electric signal, the electric signal is A1An alarm device is arranged.
CN202210317654.1A 2022-03-29 2022-03-29 Method for monitoring friction and wear state by using friction electric signal Pending CN114675146A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210317654.1A CN114675146A (en) 2022-03-29 2022-03-29 Method for monitoring friction and wear state by using friction electric signal

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210317654.1A CN114675146A (en) 2022-03-29 2022-03-29 Method for monitoring friction and wear state by using friction electric signal

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN114675146A true CN114675146A (en) 2022-06-28

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