CN114674630A - Preparation method of controllable intensity-reduction simulated wading landslide geomechanical model - Google Patents
Preparation method of controllable intensity-reduction simulated wading landslide geomechanical model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of side slope geomechanical models, in particular to a preparation method of a controllable strength reduction simulation wading landslide geomechanical model. The preparation method comprises the following preparation steps: s1, preparing materials, preparing a test box, test water, model soil, a PVA material and a foundation stratum; s2, manufacturing a rib layer, namely manufacturing the rib layer by using a 3D printed PVA material; s3, performing foundation stratum simulation, and arranging the foundation stratum into a test box according to the terrain data of the landslide zone; s4, simulating the stratum shape, distributing the model soil and the reinforced layer on the foundation rock layer according to the topographic data of the landslide zone, and compacting the model soil; s5, water seepage simulation, test water is slowly added into the test chamber from the inner wall of the test chamber. The method is used for providing a manual preparation scheme of a geomechanical model of the wading landslide suitable for simulating different failure modes, and providing a controllable test method which is easy to meet similar design for simulating tests such as landslide instability induced by heavy rainfall, bank slope instability induced by reservoir water level change and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of side slope geomechanical models, in particular to a preparation method of a controllable strength reduction simulation wading landslide geomechanical model.
Background
Under the action of infiltration of external water flow, a landslide body or an internal weak interlayer material can be softened, so that the overall stability of the landslide is changed and instability damage is caused, such as landslide instability caused by the softening of water strength of a foundation covering interface of a deposited layer landslide, weak slip zone soil in a red layer soil landslide, a weak structural surface of a rock landslide and the like. In order to analyze the landslide stability change rule caused by water infiltration, a large amount of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and model test work is carried out by scholars at home and abroad. The geomechanical model can simulate the whole stability evolution process of the landslide under the action of water infiltration under the condition of lower cost, so that the geomechanical model is widely applied to stability analysis of the wading landslide. However, when a geomechanical model test is carried out, it is usually necessary to prepare a model slope under an indoor reduced scale condition, for example, a reduced scale slope is prepared by using prototype field soil or artificial prepared soil as a similar material, but the two preparation methods can only ensure that the model is similar to the prototype in geometric dimension and the material static strength is similar, so that the instability failure mode under the infiltration of water on the indoor geomechanical model is difficult to completely coincide with the real situation. Particularly, the more complex the geological and hydrological conditions of the field landslide are, the more difficult the existing indoor geomechanical model is to restore, and the applicability of the geomechanical model method is greatly restricted.
The influence of water on the landslide body mainly comprises: the influence of water on the strength of the material of the landslide body is mainly softening; secondly, water infiltrates into the sliding body and is retained in the sliding body to cause the water pressure change of the rock-soil body; and (III) the pore water pressure is increased and the effective stress is reduced due to the infiltration of water, so that the anti-sliding force of the sliding mass is attenuated. Therefore, the realization of controllable simulation of the above influence factors on the premise of ensuring similarity ratio matching in a geomechanical model is a key factor in the process of restoring instability damage of a real landslide.
The existing geomechanical model usually adopts prototype soil or prepared soil as a main model material. When prototype soil is adopted as a model material, the geometric dimension of the model is usually reduced compared with the prototype, and the geometric dimension of the reduced-size model, the parameters of the rock and soil mass material, the applied external load and the like are reduced according to the similar rules, so that the similarity between the geometric dimension of the model and the parameters of the rock and soil mass material is difficult to meet when the prototype soil is directly adopted, and the deviation which is difficult to estimate is possibly caused in the test result. In order to overcome the above problems, researchers have proposed using fabricated soils as similar materials for geomechanical modeling. If barite powder is used as a main material, gypsum or liquid paraffin is used as a cementing agent, and quartz sand, zinc oxide powder, iron powder and bentonite powder are used as auxiliary materials for adjusting volume weight and elastic modulus; adopting sand and gypsum as main materials, and the rest materials as additives; adopting coated iron powder and barite powder as aggregate, rosin as cementing agent and pressing with a mould; copper powder is used as a main material, and the like. Among the similar materials, the model material adopting the mixture of lead oxide and gypsum can reach larger volume weight and easily meet the similar design requirements of the model, but the materials are expensive, and the toxicity of the lead oxide easily threatens the health of personnel and the environmental safety. When the other methods are adopted, the problems of manufacturing process and processing cost are generally existed. On the basis of the similar materials, the researchers can simulate the gradual reduction of the strength of the rock-soil body materials in the experimental process by preparing temperature-sensitive similar materials, for example, barite powder and engine oil are taken as main materials, vector high molecular materials and additives are added, and resistance wires embedded in the materials are subjected to pressure rise and heating to enable the materials to be gradually dissolved so as to simulate the characteristic of strength reduction. However, the above prepared soil mainly considers the simulation reduction of the model volume weight, and the difference between the adopted preparation material and the soil body is large under the infiltration of water flow, so that the soil is difficult to be effectively applied to landslides with large influence on hydrodynamic force.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the technology, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a geomechanical model of the wading landslide, which is capable of controlling and reducing the simulation, is used for providing a manual preparation scheme of the geomechanical model of the wading landslide, which is suitable for simulating different failure modes, and provides a controllable test method which is easy to meet similar design for simulating test simulation such as landslide instability induced by heavy rainfall, bank slope instability induced by reservoir water level change and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a geomechanical model of a controllable intensity-reducing simulation wading landslide comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, preparing materials, preparing a test box, test water, model soil, a PVA material and a foundation stratum;
s2, manufacturing a rib layer, namely manufacturing the rib layer by using a 3D printed PVA material;
s3, performing foundation stratum simulation, and arranging the foundation stratum into a test box according to the terrain data of the landslide zone;
s4, simulating the stratum shape, arranging model soil and a reinforced layer on the foundation layer according to the topographic data of the landslide zone, and compacting the model soil;
s5, water seepage simulation, test water is slowly added into the test chamber from the inner wall of the test chamber.
The model manufactured by the method has the working principle that:
through preparing test water with different proportions, the infiltration rate of water flow in the test process is adjusted to match the designed similarity ratio, and the purpose of gradually dissolving the pre-buried reinforced layer after infiltration is achieved. Along with the infiltration of improved test water at a preset speed, the water-soluble reinforced layer in the model soil is gradually dissolved, and the macroscopic phenomenon simulation of the strength reduction of the real landslide water-infiltrated material is realized.
The method is further limited, and is characterized in that the method also comprises the step of preparing test water before the step S1, specifically, carboxymethyl cellulose dry powder is added into clear water according to the collected speed data of liquid permeating into the slope body in the landslide zone, and the solution is formed by uniformly stirring the carboxymethyl cellulose dry powder and the clear water.
Further limiting, before the step S1, model soil configuration is further included, specifically, according to soil parameters obtained on site, clay, sand and barite powder are added according to a certain proportion and mixed uniformly, which has the advantages that clay is mainly added, sand is added to adjust the permeability coefficient of the model soil, and barite powder is added to adjust the gravity of the model soil, so that the obtained model soil can meet the requirements of design tests.
Further defined, the step S2 includes:
s21, according to the data collected from the landslide zone, making the data into a common grid structure by using a 3D printing PVA material, so that the grid structure meets the mechanical property requirement of the landslide zone;
and S22, printing a glass sponge frame structure on the through grid structure by using a 3D printing PVA material according to the data acquired from the landslide zone, so that the combination of the two meets the mechanical property requirement of the landslide zone.
The glass sponge frame structure has the advantages that the glass sponge frame structure has high mechanical stability, so that when the glass sponge frame structure is combined with a common grid structure to serve as a reinforcing rib layer, high shear strength can be provided under the condition of no water infiltration, and the stacking of model soil and the reinforcing rib layer can be ensured to form a slope body.
Further limited, the test box is made of transparent glass materials, and has the advantage of facilitating more visual observation of the landslide process of water seepage of a slope body.
Further defined, in the step S4:
s41, if the stratum is single in shape, arranging the reinforcement layers and the model soil at intervals;
and S42, if the stratum is complex in shape, arranging and combining the reinforced layers, and then arranging the reinforced layers and the model soil.
The method has the advantages that complex and polymorphic stratum states are simulated through the arrangement and combination of the glass sponge strip frames, and the simulation of various common specific stratum structures such as nonhomogeneous layers, interlayers and the like is realized through the arrangement and combination, namely the method is also suitable for landslide simulation of complex terrain mechanisms.
The technical effect of the technical scheme is as follows:
(1) by adjusting the pre-buried reinforced layer, the model soil proportion and the test water proportion, controllable simulation under different types of rock-soil bodies and different water inflow infiltration conditions can be realized, the research target of utilizing an indoor geomechanical model to invert the real wading landslide instability process is realized, and the reliability and the applicability of the geomechanical model method in researching the wading landslide instability problem are improved.
(2) The complex and polymorphic stratum states can be simulated through the arrangement and combination of the reinforced layers, and the simulation of various common specific stratum structures such as nonhomogeneous structures, interlayers and the like can be realized.
(3) The method can simulate the phenomenon that the strength of the material of the side slope body is reduced due to infiltration of water in a real situation, realizes simulation of the process of side slope stability change caused by infiltration of water, and is convenient for research and experiment of side slope wading landslide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a model produced by the method.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a ribbed layer.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a glass sponge structure.
Reference numerals
The test box comprises a test box 1, test water 2, model soil 3, a reinforced layer 4, a foundation layer 5, a glass sponge frame structure 6 and a common grid structure 7.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
a preparation method of a geomechanical model of a controllable intensity-reducing simulation wading landslide comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, preparing materials, namely preparing a test box 1, test water 2, model soil 3, a PVA material and a foundation stratum 5;
s2, manufacturing a reinforced layer 4, and manufacturing the reinforced layer 4 by using a 3D printed PVA material;
s3, simulating the foundation layer 5, and arranging the foundation layer 5 in the test box 1 according to the topographic data of the landslide zone;
s4, simulating the stratum shape, arranging the model soil 3 and the reinforcement layer 4 on the foundation layer 5 according to the topographic data of the landslide zone, and compacting the model soil 3;
s5, simulation of water seepage, test water 2 is slowly added into the test chamber 1 from the inner wall of the test chamber 1.
When the method is implemented, mechanical or static parameters such as the proportion and the manufacture of the reinforced layer 4, the model soil 3 and the test water 2 need to be determined according to the similar design of the physical model test to be developed, and the control strength parameters of the model soil 3 needed by the geomechanical model test are determined, wherein the control indexes comprise static parameters and wading strength weakening parameters. Then, 3D printing PVA material is needed to be used for manufacturing the reinforced layer 4, and the reinforced layer 4-model soil 3 composite test material is ensured to meet the control strength parameter of similar design requirements through repeated tests.
In the above steps, the model soil 3 is mainly clay, sand is added to adjust the permeability coefficient of the model soil 3, and barite powder is added to adjust the gravity of the model soil 3. Add muscle layer 4 and be comparatively important part in this model making, add muscle layer 4 and adopt water-soluble material (PVA)3D to print and make, including the combination of ordinary grid structure 7 and glass sponge frame shape structure 6, through adjustment add muscle layer 4 "strip frame" structure geometric dimensions, can change and add the water intensity change characteristic behind the muscle layer 4 imbeds the soil body. The water 2 for the improvement test is a solution added with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a water substitute liquid in the test, and the viscosity of the liquid is controlled by adjusting the mass ratio of the CMC dry powder to the water.
The conventional manufacturing method of the geomechanical model is difficult to simultaneously meet the similar relation between the strength change of a landslide body material and the pore water pressure change caused by water infiltration, and the simulation result is possibly distorted when the instability problem of the wading landslide is researched. According to the invention, a water-soluble material is made into a reinforced layer 4 through 3D printing, and the reinforced layer 4 is embedded into model soil 3 to form improved model soil 3 which is reduced in strength when meeting water. Model soil 3 with different gravities and strength characteristics is obtained by adjusting the structural size of the reinforcing rib layer 4 and the proportion of the model soil 3, so that the similarity of geometric characteristics, static characteristics and the like of a model test is met. Through preparing the test water 2 with different proportions, the infiltration rate of the water flow in the test process is adjusted to be matched with the design similarity ratio, and the purpose of gradually dissolving the pre-buried reinforced layer 4 structure after infiltration is achieved. Along with the infiltration of test water at preset speed, water-soluble reinforcement layer 4 gradually dissolves in model soil 3, realizes the macroscopic phenomenon simulation to the decline of true landslide chance water infiltration material intensity. The sizes of the embedded reinforced layers 4 and the strip frames, the proportion of the model soil 3 and the proportion of the test water 2 are adjusted, so that controllable simulation under different types of rock and soil bodies and different water inflow infiltration conditions can be realized, the research target of utilizing an indoor geomechanical model to invert the real wading landslide instability process is realized, and the reliability and the applicability of the geomechanical model method in researching the wading landslide instability problem are improved.
In order to facilitate understanding of the technical scheme, data demonstration is carried out on the feasibility of the glass-like sponge strip frame structure, PVA material 3D printing and CMC modified test water, which is involved in the invention:
(1) research on structural strength of glass-like sponge
Fernandes et al, based on the research on glass sponges in 2021, proposed the mechanical structure of imitation glass sponges. Compared with a common mechanical frame structure, the bionic structure has higher rigidity, and the bearing capacity of the bionic structure can be improved by about 16% under the same deformation degree.
The invention adds the glass sponge frame structure into the model to simulate the state of a complex stratum, and realizes the simulation of various common specific stratum structures such as nonhomogeneity, interlayer and the like by printing the arrangement and combination of the structure of the glass sponge frame structure.
(2) Study of PVA Water solubility
PVA dissolves in water and its dissolution rate can be accelerated by heating. PVA is divided into 99 types, 88 types and 75-78 types according to different alcoholysis degrees, the alcoholysis degree of 99 is high, hydrogen bonds in a molecular chain are more and curled, so the PVA is relatively insoluble, the lower the alcoholysis degree is, the better the PVA is dissolved, and 75-78 PVA is only dissolved in cold water and is insoluble in hot water. Therefore, by adopting PVA materials with different alcoholysis degrees as the 3D printing substrate, controllable simulation of structural strength reduction caused by material dissolution can be realized under the condition of fixed water inflow infiltration rate. In addition, as PVA is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, the solution can be used for recycling and harmlessly treating experimental materials after the test is finished, and the economy and the environmental protection of model test are both considered.
(3) Study of viscosity of CMC dry powder and water-adjusted liquid
According to the experimental results of the mathematical model construction of the zhushui (zhushui, reynolds-froude law of similarity and the reliability verification study in the hydrodynamic amplification model [ D ]. zhejiang university of oceanic, 2019.), the viscosity coefficients of CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) measured at different concentrations are shown in the following table. According to the similar design requirements of model tests, the liquid viscosity of the test liquid is changed by adjusting the proportion of the CMC dry powder, and the time for the test water to permeate into the model and contact with the PVA is adjusted, so that the rate of reducing the structural strength caused by the PVA water-soluble process is indirectly controlled.
| Concentration (g/cm3) | Viscosity coefficient (cm2/s) |
| 0.10％ | 0.3 |
| 0.20％ | 1.5 |
| 0.30％ | 4 |
| 0.40％ | 8 |
| 0.50％ | 14 |
It should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are used broadly in the present invention, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The above are merely examples of the present invention, and the common general knowledge of the known specific structures and characteristics in the schemes is not described herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a geomechanical model of a wading landslide with controllable intensity reduction simulation is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
s1, preparing materials, preparing a test box, test water, model soil, a PVA material and a foundation stratum;
s2, manufacturing a rib layer, namely manufacturing the rib layer by using a 3D printed PVA material;
s3, performing foundation stratum simulation, and arranging the foundation stratum into a test box according to the terrain data of the landslide zone;
s4, simulating the stratum shape, arranging model soil and a reinforced layer on the foundation layer according to the topographic data of the landslide zone, and compacting the model soil;
And S5, water seepage simulation, namely, slowly adding test water into the test box from the inner wall of the test box.
2. The method for preparing the geomechanical model of the wading landslide with the controllable intensity reduction simulation function according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 is preceded by preparing test water, specifically adding carboxymethyl cellulose dry powder into clear water according to collected speed data of liquid permeating into a slope body in a landslide zone, and uniformly stirring to form a solution.
3. The method for preparing the geomechanical model of the wading landslide with the controllable intensity reduction simulation function according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 is preceded by model soil configuration, specifically comprising the steps of adding clay, sand and barite powder in proportion according to soil parameters obtained on site, and uniformly mixing.
4. The method for preparing the geomechanical model of the wading landslide with the controllable intensity reduction simulation function according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 comprises:
s21, preparing a common grid structure by using 3D printing PVA materials according to data collected by the landslide zone, so that the grid structure meets the mechanical property requirement of the landslide zone;
and S22, printing a glass sponge frame structure on the through grid structure by using a 3D printing PVA material according to the data collected by the landslide zone, so that the combination of the two meets the mechanical property requirement of the landslide zone.
5. The method for preparing the geomechanical model of the wading landslide with the controllable intensity reduction simulation function according to claim 1, wherein the test box is made of transparent glass material.
6. The method for preparing the geomechanical model of the wading landslide with the controllable intensity reduction simulation function according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4:
s41, if the stratum is single in shape, arranging the reinforcement layers and the model soil at intervals;
and S42, if the stratum shape is complex, arranging and combining the reinforced layers, and then arranging the reinforced layers and the model soil.
7. A controlled-strength-reduction-simulation wading-landslide geomechanical model, characterized in that the model is prepared according to the preparation method of the controlled-strength-reduction-simulation wading-landslide geomechanical model in any one of claims 1 to 6.
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