CN114674245A - Optical fiber angle sensor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Optical fiber angle sensor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114674245A CN114674245A CN202210188902.7A CN202210188902A CN114674245A CN 114674245 A CN114674245 A CN 114674245A CN 202210188902 A CN202210188902 A CN 202210188902A CN 114674245 A CN114674245 A CN 114674245A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
Abstract
The invention provides an optical fiber angle sensor, which comprises an optical fiber sensing unit and a flexible packaging unit, wherein the optical fiber sensing unit is arranged on the optical fiber sensing unit; the optical fiber sensing unit comprises an input optical fiber, a U-shaped optical fiber group and an output optical fiber which are sequentially cascaded, the U-shaped optical fiber group comprises n U-shaped optical fibers arranged in the same plane, the n U-shaped optical fibers are sequentially cascaded to form a serpentine shape, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 2; the optical fiber sensing unit is packaged in the flexible packaging unit, and the refractive index of the flexible packaging unit is smaller than that of the optical fiber core in the optical fiber sensing unit. The optical fiber angle sensor has simple structure and higher precision and sensitivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to an optical fiber angle sensor and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, angle sensors have become a research hotspot in the fields of industrial buildings, human body movement, health monitoring and the like. Generally, an electrical angle sensor senses by detecting changes in electrical properties such as resistance, capacitance, and voltage of a sensing unit. However, the electrical sensing unit is susceptible to electromagnetic interference and the like, so that the application development of the electrical sensing unit is hindered. The sensing unit based on optics, especially the optical fiber sensing, has the advantages of strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, high sensitivity, compact structure and the like, and is more suitable for being applied to human motion and health monitoring.
Fiber optic angle sensors are generally classified into two types: one based on wavelength modulation and the other based on light intensity modulation. The optical fiber angle sensor based on wavelength modulation detects the degree of angle bending by detecting the movement of wavelength, has higher precision and sensitivity, and can realize high-precision detection, for example, the Chinese patent of patent publication No. CN108507598B, "an optical fiber Bragg grating angle sensor", but the sensor usually needs to be demodulated by devices such as a spectrometer, and has a complex structure and high manufacturing cost. The optical fiber angle sensor based on light intensity modulation detects the degree of the bending angle by detecting the loss of light intensity, and the demodulation signal is light intensity, so that the demodulation circuit is simple and has low cost, for example, the optical fiber angle sensor in the Chinese patent of patent authorization publication No. CN111664811B, but the accuracy and the sensitivity of the optical fiber bending sensor based on the light intensity change are low.
The optical fiber angle sensor mostly uses the quartz optical fiber, and compared with the quartz optical fiber, the quartz optical fiber is brittle and fragile, and the plastic optical fiber is more suitable for monitoring the bending angle of the joint of the human body due to the characteristics of large core diameter, small bending radius, good flexibility, easy structural transformation and the like. Despite the above advantages of plastic optical fiber, there is a critical problem as an optical fiber angle sensor: the sensitivity is low. In order to improve the sensitivity of the plastic optical fiber, the structure of the optical fiber itself is mostly modified, such as grooving, tapering, side polishing and the like, but most of light beams passing through the optical fiber angle sensing units is still transmitted in the fiber core, and if the angle is represented by the variation of the output light loss, higher sensitivity is difficult to obtain.
Therefore, the existing optical fiber angle sensor mainly has the technical problems of low measurement sensitivity, complex structure, high manufacturing difficulty and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the optical fiber angle sensor which is simple in structure and has higher precision and sensitivity.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following means.
An optical fiber angle sensor comprises an optical fiber sensing unit and a flexible packaging unit;
the optical fiber sensing unit comprises an input optical fiber, a U-shaped optical fiber group and an output optical fiber which are sequentially cascaded, the U-shaped optical fiber group comprises n U-shaped optical fibers arranged in the same plane, the n U-shaped optical fibers are sequentially cascaded to form a serpentine shape, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
the optical fiber sensing unit is packaged in the flexible packaging unit, and the refractive index of the flexible packaging unit is smaller than that of an optical fiber core in the optical fiber sensing unit.
Furthermore, the U-shaped optical fiber comprises a bent optical fiber positioned in the middle and two straight optical fibers respectively positioned at two ends, and the straight optical fibers in the n U-shaped optical fibers are arranged in parallel.
Furthermore, the bending radius of the bent optical fiber in the U-shaped optical fiber is 0.5-2 mm.
Further, the U-shaped fiber is comprised of a tapered structured fiber bend, wherein the bent fiber in the middle is formed by a waist section in the middle of the tapered structured fiber.
Furthermore, the optical fiber in the optical fiber sensing unit is a plastic optical fiber, and the diameter D is 200-3000 μm.
Furthermore, the diameter D of the cone section of the optical fiber with the cone structure is smaller than D/2, and the length of the cone section is 10-20 mm.
Further, the flexible packaging unit is made of polydimethylsiloxane film.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the optical fiber angle sensor, which comprises the following steps:
s1: placing the optical fiber on an optical fiber clamp, and preheating and stretching by using a heating moving platform to obtain an optical fiber with a symmetrical conical structure;
s2: and bending the cone area part of the optical fiber on an electric heating rod with a fixed diameter under an optical microscope by using a heat setting technology, and performing multiple bending and setting to obtain a U-shaped optical fiber group.
Preferably, in step S1, the length and diameter of the optical fiber taper region of the taper-shaped structure are changed by adjusting the heating temperature and the moving speed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the straight optical fiber sections in the U-shaped optical fiber group are arranged in parallel on the basis of the tapered optical fibers, so that the output optical loss of the optical fibers is increased. The greater the bend angle, the greater the optical loss and thus the greater the accuracy and sensitivity. The plurality of U-shaped optical fibers enable the sensor to bend the optical fibers at a plurality of positions simultaneously when the sensor bends at an angle, a linkage effect is generated, and better sensing sensitivity is obtained compared with that of the sensor which is bent for a plurality of times simply, so that high-efficiency sensing is realized.
(2) According to the invention, the cladding of the optical fiber is thinned by adopting a tapering method, and then the optical fiber is packaged by the flexible packaging material PDMS, so that the difference between the refractive index of the optical fiber and the external world is reduced, the bending loss of the optical fiber is increased, and when the optical fiber is bent at an angle, the bending direction of the optical fiber is vertical to the plane of the packaged film, so that the light leaked due to the bending at the angle is more easily leaked to the external world, and higher sensing sensitivity is obtained. Moreover, the PDMS packaged optical fiber made of the flexible packaging material can not only prevent the surface of the optical fiber from being worn or polluted, but also prevent the optical fiber structure in the film patch from generating relative displacement after the sensor is bent for many times, so that the sensor can stably work for a long time.
(3) The invention adopts a selective tapered fiber structure, so that the fiber at the angle bending part has a small diameter, thereby being easier to generate bending loss, and the part of the bent fiber which is not tapered has lower bending loss, thereby ensuring that the non-angle bending area has low transmission loss.
(4) The optical fiber of the sensing unit of the sensor is plastic optical fiber, so that the sensor is easy to prepare, compact in structure and wearable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber angle sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a structural diagram of a sensing unit composed of n-2U-shaped bends based on a tapered structure; (b) the figure is a structure diagram of a sensing unit consisting of 3U-shaped bends based on a conical structure; (c) the figure is a structural diagram of a sensing unit consisting of 4U-shaped bends based on a conical structure;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a measuring device of an optical fiber angle sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of optical power loss as a function of fiber parameters of the present invention (a) output optical loss for different taper diameters d as a function of bend angle (b) output optical loss for different taper lengths as a function of bend angle;
fig. 4 is a graph of the operation of the fiber optic angle sensor of the present invention.
Reference numerals are as follows:
1-an input fiber; 2-a U-shaped optical fiber; 20-straight optical fiber; 21-bending the optical fiber; 4-film form patch; 3-output optical fiber; 5, a light source; 6-a detector; 7-a rotating shaft; 8-a first support arm; 9 — a second support arm; 10-goniometer.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
An optical fiber angle sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an optical fiber angle sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an optical fiber sensing unit and a flexible packaging unit;
The optical fiber sensing unit comprises an input optical fiber 1, a U-shaped optical fiber group and an output optical fiber 3 which are sequentially cascaded, the U-shaped optical fiber group comprises n U-shaped optical fibers 2 which are arranged in the same plane, the n U-shaped optical fibers 2 are sequentially cascaded to form a circuitous serpentine line shape, n is an integer larger than or equal to 2, and a plurality of U-shaped optical fibers 2 are arranged, so that the optical fiber sensing unit can enable the optical fibers to be bent at multiple positions simultaneously when the angle is bent, and a linkage effect is generated, and better sensing sensitivity is obtained compared with that of simple repeated bending, and high-efficiency sensing is realized.
The optical fiber sensing unit is packaged in the flexible packaging unit, and the refractive index of the flexible packaging unit is smaller than that of an optical fiber core in the optical fiber sensing unit.
Preferably, the U-shaped optical fiber 2 includes a bent optical fiber 21 in the middle and two straight optical fibers 20 at two ends, respectively, the U-shaped optical fiber is formed by bending a fiber with a tapered structure, and the bent optical fiber 21 in the middle is formed by a tapered waist section in the middle of the fiber with the tapered structure. The invention adopts a selective tapered fiber structure, so that the fiber at the angle bending part has a small diameter, thereby being easier to generate bending loss, and the part of the bent fiber which is not tapered has lower bending loss, thereby ensuring that the non-angle bending area has low transmission loss.
Further, the straight optical fibers 20 of the n U-shaped optical fibers 2 are arranged in parallel. The parallel arrangement of the straight fibers 20 increases the output light loss of the fibers. The larger the bending angle, the greater the optical loss and thus the higher the accuracy and sensitivity, and the sensitivity and operating range of the sensor can be adjusted by changing the value of n and the diameter of the tapered fiber.
Furthermore, the optical fiber in the optical fiber sensing unit is a plastic optical fiber, the diameter D is 500 μm, the refractive index of the fiber core is 1.49, and the refractive index of the cladding is 1.40. Plastic Optical Fibers (POFs) are optical fibers in which a highly transparent polymer such as Polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), Polycarbonate (PC) is used as a core material, and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), fluoroplastic, or the like is used as a cladding material, and have the advantages of being easy to process, easy to bend, and not easily broken, compared with quartz optical fibers.
Further, in this embodiment, the parameters of the tapered optical fiber in the optical fiber sensing unit are selected according to the variation of the loss of the output light through a plurality of experiments, as shown in fig. 3, preferably, the bending radius of the bent optical fiber 21 in the U-shaped optical fiber 2 is 0.5-2 mm. The diameter D of the cone section of the cone-shaped structure optical fiber is smaller than D/2, and the length of the cone section is 10-20 mm.
Furthermore, the flexible packaging unit is made of a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film patch, and the refractive index of the PDMS film is 1.40. The PDMS-packaged optical fiber made of the flexible packaging material can prevent the surface of the optical fiber from being abraded or polluted, and the optical fiber structure in the film patch does not generate relative displacement after the sensor is repeatedly bent, so that the sensor can stably work for a long time.
The preparation method of the flexible packaging unit provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: firstly, mixing and stirring a stock solution and a curing agent in a ratio of 10:1 uniformly to eliminate bubbles to obtain PDMS sol, then spin-coating the PDMS sol on a glass slide, and curing to obtain a PDMS membrane with the thickness of 250-500 μm.
S2: secondly, placing the multi-bending structure optical fiber sensing unit on a PDMS film, spin-coating a layer of PDMS sol, and curing to obtain the required packaging structure.
The preparation method of the optical fiber angle sensor according to the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: placing the optical fiber on an optical fiber clamp, preheating and stretching by using a heating moving platform to obtain the optical fiber with a symmetrical cone-shaped structure, wherein the length and the diameter of the optical fiber cone waist region of the cone-shaped structure can be changed by adjusting the heating temperature and the moving speed;
S2: and bending the cone area part of the optical fiber on an electric bar with a fixed diameter under an optical microscope by using a heat setting technology, and performing multiple bending and setting to obtain a U-shaped optical fiber group.
The following describes an actual performance testing system of the optical fiber angle sensor, taking plastic optical fibers, light sources, detectors and the like as examples, and taking the bending angle of the rotating shaft connecting support arm as an example.
In the following embodiments, n U-shaped optical fibers 2 are arranged in the same plane and packaged in a film patch, and the measurement angle during tiling is set to 180 °.
The optical fiber angle sensor is tightly fixed on the surface of the measured object, so that the optical fiber angle sensor can generate the same bending angle as the measured object. And when the optical fiber angle sensor is not bent, the bending angle is set to be 180 degrees, and an output light loss value is obtained. With the change of the bending angle, the bending angle is used as an independent variable, the optical loss value is used as a dependent variable for analysis, the ratio of the optical loss change to the corresponding bending angle change is larger, namely the slope trend of the working curve is steeper, the sensitivity of the sensor is higher, the area in which the optical loss value is linear along with the change of the bending angle is wider, and the working range of the sensor is larger.
As shown in fig. 2, one end of the input optical fiber 1 is connected to the light source 5, the U-shaped optical fiber set is closely attached to the angle testing device composed of the rotating shaft 7, the supporting arm 8 and the supporting arm 9, the output light of the output optical fiber 3 is collected by the detector 6, and the angle change information is obtained by comparing the amplitude of the output light intensity attenuation. The technical effect of the sensor is illustrated by taking a structure of a plastic optical fiber with the diameter of 500 mu m, the length of a tapered region of a tapered cone of 10mm, the number n of U-shaped structures of 2 and the bending radius of a U-shaped bent part of 2mm as an example. In order to obtain comparison results, a comparative test was performed by selecting a sensing unit having a U-shaped structure with n equal to 0 and a sensing unit having a non-tapered U-shaped structure with n equal to 2.
As shown in fig. 4, the sensitivity of the U-shaped tapered plastic optical fiber sensor with n equal to 2 in the optical fiber angle sensor of the present invention is 0.0871 dB/degree, which is improved by more than six times compared with the U-shaped tapered optical fiber sensor with n equal to 0, and the linearity is better and reaches 0.994 within an angle range of 0 to 70 degrees. The reason why the U-shaped structure with n equal to 2 has higher sensitivity is that when the 2U-shaped structures are bent at an angle, the cone region of the 2U-shaped structures is bent three times. On one hand, light enters the cone region from the straight optical fiber, and part of the light does not meet the total reflection any more and is radiated to the external environment, so that optical loss is generated. On the other hand, the double bending of the tapered region causes light leakage in the external environment, and the cladding of the tapered region has greatly reduced light-binding capacity, thereby further increasing the output light loss.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The optical fiber angle sensor is characterized by comprising an optical fiber sensing unit and a flexible packaging unit;
the optical fiber sensing unit comprises an input optical fiber, a U-shaped optical fiber group and an output optical fiber which are sequentially cascaded, the U-shaped optical fiber group comprises n U-shaped optical fibers arranged in the same plane, the n U-shaped optical fibers are sequentially cascaded to form a serpentine shape, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
The optical fiber sensing unit is packaged in the flexible packaging unit, and the refractive index of the flexible packaging unit is smaller than that of an optical fiber core in the optical fiber sensing unit.
2. The fiber optic angle sensor of claim 1, wherein the U-shaped fibers comprise a bent fiber in the middle and two straight fibers at two ends, respectively, and the straight fibers of the n U-shaped fibers are arranged in parallel.
3. The fiber angle sensor according to claim 2, wherein a bending radius of the bent fiber of the U-shaped fiber is 0.5 to 2 mm.
4. The fiber optic angle sensor of claim 2, wherein the U-shaped fiber is comprised of a tapered structured fiber bend, wherein the middle bend fiber is formed by a waist section in the middle of the tapered structured fiber.
5. The fiber optic angle sensor according to claim 4, wherein the optical fiber in the fiber optic sensing unit is a plastic fiber, and the cladding diameter D is 200-3000 μm.
6. The optical fiber angle sensor according to claim 5, wherein the tapered section diameter D of the tapered structured optical fiber is less than D/2, and the tapered section length is 10 to 20 mm.
7. The fiber optic angle sensor of claim 1, wherein the flexible packaging unit is made of polydimethylsiloxane film.
8. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber angle sensor according to claim 1, comprising:
s1: placing the optical fiber on an optical fiber clamp, and preheating and stretching the optical fiber by using a heating mobile platform to obtain an optical fiber with a symmetrical cone-shaped structure;
s2: and bending the cone area part of the optical fiber on an electric bar with a fixed diameter under an optical microscope by using a heat setting technology, and performing multiple bending and setting to obtain a U-shaped optical fiber group.
9. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber angle sensor according to claim 8, wherein in step S1, the length and diameter of the optical fiber taper waist region of the taper-shaped structure are changed by adjusting the heating temperature and the moving speed.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115216041A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-10-21 | 北京师范大学珠海校区 | Preparation method of high-tensile flexible polymer optical fiber device |
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