CN114673461A - Equipment suitable for operation is pressed in shallow low pressure oil well area - Google Patents
Equipment suitable for operation is pressed in shallow low pressure oil well area Download PDFInfo
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- CN114673461A CN114673461A CN202210253065.1A CN202210253065A CN114673461A CN 114673461 A CN114673461 A CN 114673461A CN 202210253065 A CN202210253065 A CN 202210253065A CN 114673461 A CN114673461 A CN 114673461A
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- pressure
- blowout preventer
- closed
- ram blowout
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B15/00—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/10—Slips; Spiders ; Catching devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
- E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
- E21B33/06—Blow-out preventers, i.e. apparatus closing around a drill pipe, e.g. annular blow-out preventers
Abstract
The invention discloses equipment suitable for the operation under pressure of a shallow low-pressure oil well, which comprises a well repairing system, an operation under pressure power source system and accessory equipment, wherein the well repairing system is connected with the operation under pressure system; the under-pressure operation machine comprises a main body, a frame, an upper platform, an overhead operation platform, a lifter system and an active turntable; the main part from the bottom up includes half closed ram preventer of lower work, balanced pressure release system, half closed ram preventer of upper work, work annular preventer, fixed slips group, the slips group that moves about in proper order. The invention relates to a skid-mounted auxiliary type under-pressure operation device, which has the characteristics of compact structure, light weight and convenient maintenance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil well exploitation equipment, and particularly relates to equipment suitable for shallow low-pressure oil well operation under pressure.
Background
The traditional well repairing means is that the high-density well-killing hydraulic well or open flow is firstly utilized to achieve the purpose of reducing the pressure in the well, and then well repairing operation is carried out. The high pressure fluid used during the application of pressure creates a certain fusion effect with some of the formation minerals in the reservoir. Therefore, the geological environment of the energy storage layer can be damaged, liquid and rock soil can react, the geological environment of the oil and gas exploitation layer is turbid, oil sludge at the bottom layer of the oil well is blocked, the liquid permeability is reduced, and the like, and finally the exploitation rate of the oil well is reduced. This makes the oil and gas output of our country reduce constantly, especially to the influence of horizontal oil and gas exploitation well and natural gas exploitation well extremely serious. The killing operation can block an underground oil-water pipeline, so that the water injection effect and the yield are influenced, and the killing operation has high cost, long time and heavy pollution; blowout depressurization can cause a large amount of formation pressure to overflow, which is harmful to the internal structure of the formation and the pressure distribution of an oil well network, and causes immeasurable loss for future exploitation. Well killing and blowout operation modes are not beneficial to sustainable development of oil and gas resources, and brand new well repairing operation modes are needed to protect the oil resources in China.
The traditional well repairing means has the following disadvantages:
first, in a conventional operation, a high-pressure well hydraulic well is first performed to balance the formation pressure, and the well hydraulic fluid enters the formation to a greater or lesser extent, thereby preventing a blowout but causing pollution to the formation. Thereby having an unavoidable influence on the geological analysis. Links such as follow-up data recording, oil testing, well completion operation and the like are adversely affected, so that the result of oil reservoir description is deviated, and the recovery efficiency is affected.
Secondly, killing a gas well with a thicker gas layer, wherein the stratum 'pressure outlet' of the gas well is too small, and if a puncture accident occurs during killing the well, well fluid overflows without killing the well, so that the safe operation condition cannot be guaranteed; low permeability gas wells are easily crushed.
Thirdly, the well killing operation has obvious danger and damage to the stratum environment, the cost of the well killing fluid is considerable, and the well killing fluid needs to be pumped and discharged after the operation is finished. When the water well is operated, the water well stops injecting and pressure releasing time is long, and peripheral water wells also need to stop injecting in order to keep the formation pressure field balanced, so that the production of the oil well is reduced or stopped, and the production is seriously influenced.
The existing oilfield pressurized workover equipment has the characteristics that:
The sealing pressure is high, and the sealing device is in super-performance configuration relative to a low-pressure shallow gas well and is poor in economical efficiency. Because the oil field operation under pressure is mostly suitable for high-yield wells and key wells, the pressure of the wells is high, and the contradiction between layers is prominent, the sealing pressure is required to be high when the operation under pressure is carried out, the holding force between a blowout preventer and a pipe column is large, and the passing of a tubing coupling is difficult.
Secondly, the structure is complex and the volume is large. In order to ensure high-pressure sealing in operation and increase the operation reliability, a plurality of blowout preventers are required to be matched for operation, so that the whole structure of the equipment is complex, the equipment is stacked, the volume of pressurized workover equipment is increased, and the operation is complex.
And the operation period is long. In the workover treatment under pressure, through the slips that move about, fixed slips and the lift cylinder operation in turn through the tubing coupling, compare and rise in the hook of conventional traveling block, the required time overlength. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the equipment is complex to operate, the operation efficiency is reduced, and the operation time is prolonged.
Because the conventional oil field pressurized operation equipment is designed based on reservoir characteristics such as high pressure, deep well and the like of a conventional oil and gas well, the conventional oil and gas well pressurized operation equipment is not suitable for direct introduction in low-pressure shallow pressurized workover and mainly shows that:
firstly, the operation equipment is not matched. The conventional pressurized workover equipment is suitable for high-yield wells with high pressure and deep burial, the well head of a low-pressure shallow gas well has lower pressure and requires low well sealing pressure, and the operation cost is increased due to the application of the conventional oil and gas well equipment. .
② the working time is long. The forced tripping operation of the oil-gas field under pressure adopts a hydraulic cylinder to lift, each oil pipe needs to be circulated for at least 3 times averagely, the operation time is long, the reservoir layer continuously produces water, the pressure increment of the well bottom is continuously increased, and the 'actual well killing' is caused, so that the productivity of a gas well is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide equipment suitable for operation under pressure of a shallow low-pressure oil well, and aims to solve the technical problems that the existing operation equipment is not matched and the operation time is long.
In order to solve the technical problems, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the equipment suitable for the operation under pressure of the shallow low-pressure oil well comprises a well repairing system, an operation under pressure power source system and accessory equipment;
the workover system completes workover operation and is matched with the pressurized operation system to complete forced lifting and lowering operation of the pipe column;
the pressurized operation system comprises a pressure testing cross joint, a safe full-sealing ram blowout preventer, a wellhead stabilizer, a safe semi-sealing ram blowout preventer and a pressurized operation machine from bottom to top; the pressure testing cross, the safe full-sealing ram blowout preventer, the well mouth stabilizer, the safe semi-sealing ram blowout preventer and the pressurized operation machine are connected with one another sequentially through flanges;
The under-pressure operation machine comprises a main body, a frame, an upper platform, an overhead operation platform, a lifter system and a driving turntable;
the main body sequentially comprises a lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer, a balance pressure relief system, an upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer, a working annular blowout preventer, a fixed slip group and a moving slip group from bottom to top;
the working annular blowout preventer can seal tools of any shapes and realize zero sealing in emergency situations;
the balance pressure relief system is used for balancing or relieving the pressure in the working annular blowout preventer and the working single-ram blowout preventer;
the fixed slip group is arranged on the working annular blowout preventer and is matched with the floating slip group to finish the operation of pulling up and pulling down the oil pipe;
the frame comprises a lower platform and an upright post; a lower substrate is arranged on the lower platform;
the upper platform and the high-altitude operation platform comprise an upper platform and a high-altitude driller platform;
the upper platform comprises an upper base plate, a main pedal guardrail and a driller's stand;
the driller platform is fixed at one side corner of the main pedal, the guardrail of the main pedal is arranged at the edge of the main pedal, and the upper base plate extends out of the central through hole of the main pedal;
the upright posts are connected with the upper substrate and the lower substrate;
the lifter system comprises a lifting hydraulic cylinder and a control valve group; the lifting hydraulic cylinder is connected with the control valve group through a hydraulic pipeline;
The upper substrate and the lower substrate are respectively connected to the upper end and the lower end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder;
the high-altitude driller platform is fixed on the upper platform.
Further, the balanced pressure relief system includes: balance pressure relief four-way valve, manual plug valve, hydraulic plug valve and well head pressure gauge.
Furthermore, hydraulic buffer structures are designed at the upper and lower end points of the lifting hydraulic cylinder, so that the lifting hydraulic cylinder moves stably; the control valve group uses a high-flow control valve.
Furthermore, the driving rotary table is designed with a mechanical locking device.
Further, the well repairing system comprises a derrick, a crown block, a traveling block and a winch.
Further, the working annular blowout preventer is configured with a buffer accumulator.
Furthermore, the pressurized operation power source system comprises a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic circuit, a circuit system and a gas circuit system.
Furthermore, the upper platform also comprises an upper platform accessory, and the upper platform accessory comprises a lower oil pipe steel wire rope fixing rod, a falling protector fixing rod, an escape device fixing rod and a hydraulic clamp tail rope fixing rod which are vertically arranged on the main pedal.
Further, the equipment accessories comprise a coupling detector, a telescopic protection ladder stand, a host machine transportation pry, a hoisting hanger and a hydraulic pipeline;
The coupling detector comprises a coupling detector shell and a coupling detector component; the coupling detector component is installed inside the coupling detector shell, the coupling detector is installed between a safe semi-closed ram blowout preventer and a lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer, the telescopic protective ladder is hung at the upper platform, the host machine transportation pry is used for horizontally and fixedly placing the operation machine under pressure, the hoisting sling is installed at the hoisting point of the operation machine under pressure, and the hydraulic pipeline is used for connecting the operation power source system under pressure and the operation machine under pressure to play the role of transmitting hydraulic power.
An equipment pipe column up-down operation method suitable for shallow low-pressure oil well operation under pressure comprises the following steps:
Step 1.1, when the underground pressure is not enough to push the pipe column and the pipe column has no upward channeling tendency, the pipe column is lifted by a hook on the workover system, and the process is as follows: closing the balance pressure relief system and the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer, and lifting the pipe column by a big hook; when the collar detector sends a sounding signal, the lifting speed of the big hook is suspended or slowed down, the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer is closed, the balanced pressure relief system is opened to release blowout, the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer is opened, and the pipe column is lifted continuously until the collar is exposed; after the pipe column is dismounted, the operation process is continued to pull out the pipe column below until all the operations are finished;
Step 1.2, when pressure makes the tubular column have the tendency of scurrying on going up in the pit, adopt the machine system of lifting among the area pressure operation machine to carry out the pole, workover system hook takes the elevator cooperation to right the tubular column, and its process is as follows: closing a pressure relief system, a traveling slip group and an upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer in the balance pressure relief system, wherein the traveling slip group lifts a hydraulic cylinder to lift, and other components are in an open state; when the floating slip group moves to the highest point, the fixed slip group and the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer are closed, the balanced pressure relief system is opened to release blowout, the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer is opened, the floating slip group is closed, the fixed slip group is opened, the lifting hydraulic cylinder moves downwards, the actions are repeated until a coupling is exposed, a pipe column is taken out by tripping, and the steps are repeated in such a way, so that the whole pipe column lifting process is completed;
2.1, when the underground pressure is not enough to lower the pipe column and the pipe column does not have the upward channeling tendency, adopting a hook on the workover system to lower the rod; the rod descending process is as follows: closing the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer and the balance pressure relief system, wherein other components are in an open state, the large hook carries the tubular column to move downwards through the elevator, and after the coupling passes through the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer, the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer is closed, the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer is opened, and the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer continues to move downwards; estimating that a coupling passes through a lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer, closing the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer, and opening the balanced pressure relief system and the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer to continue descending; repeating the process until all the pipe columns are completely lowered;
Step 2.2, when the underground pressure causes the pipe column to have the upward movement tendency, using a lifting hydraulic cylinder of a pressurized operation machine to lower the rod, and carrying the elevator by a large hook of the workover system to cooperate with the pipe column to be righted; the process is as follows: firstly, lifting a hydraulic cylinder of a moving slip set to move upwards to the highest point, then closing a balance pressure relief system, an upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer and the moving slip set, and enabling other components to be in an open state; and then the pipe column is clamped to move downwards along with the lifting hydraulic cylinder, when the lifting hydraulic cylinder moves downwards to the lowest position, the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer and the fixed slip set are closed, the balance pressure relief system, the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer and the floating slip set are opened, the lifting hydraulic cylinder moves upwards to the highest point, and the process is repeated until all the pipe columns are completely moved downwards.
The equipment suitable for the operation under pressure of the shallow low-pressure oil well has the following advantages:
1. the pipe string anti-blowout device is provided with the ram blowout preventer, the movable slip set, the fixed slip set and the coupling detector, and the movable slip set and the fixed slip set with different sizes can solve the problem of pipe string anti-blowout of various specifications, so that reliable clamping guarantee is provided for pipe string lifting and pipe string lowering operations. The ram blowout preventer can meet the sealing problem of tubular columns with various specifications. The coupling detector can detect the position of a coupling and can smoothly pass through the coupling, so that effective guarantee is provided for the pipe column to be pulled up and down.
2. The invention organically combines the workover system of the equipment for the operation under pressure of the shallow low-pressure oil well with the power source system for the operation under pressure, and can provide the required hydraulic power for the workover system and the operation under pressure system.
3. The invention uses the matching operation mode of the lifter system of the operation machine with pressure and the hook of the workover system to lift and lower the pipe column.
4. The invention relates to a skid-mounted auxiliary type under-pressure operation device, which has the characteristics of compact structure, light weight and convenient maintenance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the working state of the pressurized working equipment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a hot work system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view showing the working state of the apparatus for working under pressure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a loading view of the live working machine of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a state diagram of the present invention for moving the equipment under pressure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the upper platform of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the collar detector of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a first side member of the collar detector of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a second side member of the collar detector of the present invention;
the notation in the figure is: 1. a pressure test cross; 2. a safe full seal ram blowout preventer; 3. a wellhead stabilizer; 4. a safety semi-closed ram blowout preventer; 5. an upper-working semi-closed ram blowout preventer; 6. a lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer; 7. a working annular blowout preventer; 8. a balanced pressure relief system; 9. fixing a slip set; 10. a traveling slip set; 11. lifting the hydraulic cylinder; 12. an upper substrate; 13. a lower substrate; 14. an upper platform; 15. a driller's stand; 16. pulling down the tubing steel wire rope fixing rod; 17. an escape device fixing rod; 18. a hydraulic tong tail rope fixing rod; 19. a collar detector; 20. the telescopic protective ladder stand; 21. a power source system for operation under pressure; 22. the host machine is transported and pried; 23. a collar detector housing; 24. a collar detector component; 25. detecting a roller; 26. detecting a plunger; 27. a probe component housing; 28. pre-pressing a spring; 29. adjusting the piston; 30. plugging with a thread; 31. a limiting ring; 32. a seal member; 33. a displacement transfer rod of the sensor mechanism; 34. a displacement transfer guide block; 35. a sensor holder; 36. a proximity displacement sensor; 37. a lifter system.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the purpose, structure and function of the present invention, the following will describe in detail an apparatus suitable for operation under pressure in shallow low pressure oil well with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 5, the under-pressure operation equipment suitable for shallow low-pressure oil wells of the invention comprises a workover system, an under-pressure operation power source system 21 and accessory equipment;
the workover system finishes workover operation and is matched with the pressurized operation system to finish forced lifting and lowering operation of the tubular column; the well repairing system comprises a derrick, a crown block, a traveling block and a winch.
The pressurized operation power source system 21 comprises a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic loop, a circuit system and an air path system.
The under-pressure operation system comprises a pressure testing cross 1, a safe full-sealing ram blowout preventer 2, a wellhead stabilizer 3, a safe semi-sealing ram blowout preventer 4 and an under-pressure operation machine from bottom to top; the pressure testing cross 1, the safe full-sealing ram blowout preventer 2, the well mouth stabilizer 3, the safe semi-sealing ram blowout preventer 4 and the operation machine with pressure are connected with one another sequentially through flanges;
as shown in fig. 2, 4 and 6, the belt press working machine comprises a main body, a frame, an upper platform, an overhead operating platform, a lifter system 37 and a driving turntable;
The main body sequentially comprises a lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 6, a balance pressure relief system 8, an upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 5, a working annular blowout preventer 7, a fixed slip group 9 and a floating slip group 10 from bottom to top;
the working annular blowout preventer 7 can seal tools of any shape and achieve zero sealing in emergency situations; the working annular blowout preventer 7 is equipped with a buffer accumulator, and the hydraulic system can maintain a constant pressure when the outer diameter of the pipe string changes.
The balance pressure relief system 8 is used for balancing or relieving the pressure in the working annular blowout preventer 7 and the working single-ram blowout preventer, and the purpose of protecting ram blowout preventer rubber and workers is achieved. The balanced pressure relief system 8 comprises: balance pressure relief four-way, manual plug valve, hydraulic plug valve and wellhead pressure gauge. The wellhead pressure gauge is used for displaying the pressure of the shaft.
The fixed slip group 9 is arranged on the working annular blowout preventer 7 and is matched with the floating slip group 10 to finish the operation of pulling up and pulling down an oil pipe;
the frame comprises a lower platform and an upright post; a lower substrate 13 is arranged on the lower platform;
the upper platform and the high-altitude operation platform comprise an upper platform 14 and a high-altitude driller platform;
the upper platform 14 comprises an upper base plate 12, a main pedal guardrail and a driller's stand 15;
The driller's platform 15 is fixed at one side corner of the main pedal, the guardrail of the main pedal is installed at the edge of the main pedal, and the upper base plate 12 extends out of the central through hole of the main pedal.
The upper platform 14 further comprises upper platform accessories, and the upper platform accessories comprise a lower oil pipe steel wire rope fixing rod 16, a falling protector fixing rod, an escape device fixing rod 17 and a hydraulic clamp tail rope fixing rod 18 which are vertically arranged on the main pedal.
The upright posts are connected with an upper substrate 12 and a lower substrate 13.
The lifter system 37 comprises a lifting hydraulic cylinder 11 and a control valve group; the lifting hydraulic cylinder 11 and the control valve group are connected by a hydraulic pipeline; hydraulic buffer structures are designed at the upper and lower end points of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 11, so that the lifting hydraulic cylinder 11 can move stably; the control valve group uses a large-flow control valve
The upper substrate 12 and the lower substrate 13 are respectively connected to the upper end and the lower end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 11;
the high-altitude driller's platform is fixed to the upper platform 14. The control objects are as follows: the device comprises units such as a lifting hydraulic cylinder 11, a balance valve, a pressure release valve, an upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 5, a lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 6, a working annular blowout preventer 7, a fixed slip group 9, a floating slip group 10, an active rotary table and the like. All valves are mounted on a control panel, and each pressure gauge is arranged on the other vertical surface. The high-altitude driller console can remotely control the rotating speed of the diesel engine and forcibly shut down the operation.
The high-altitude driller platform also comprises a display instrument, wherein the display instrument comprises a torque meter, a shaft pressure gauge, an upward pressure gauge, a downward pressure gauge, a system pressure gauge, an annular pressure gauge, a flashboard closing pressure gauge, a slip set pressure gauge and the like.
The driving turntable is used for drilling and grinding or back-off and buckling operation under pressure. A mechanical locking device is designed, and the locking device is locked when the active rotary disc is not used, so that people can be prevented from being injured by misoperation.
The pressure operation power source system is used for providing hydraulic power for the pressure operation machine. The pressurized operation power source system is driven by a workover rig diesel engine.
The pressurized operation power source system comprises a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic loop, a circuit system and a gas circuit system. The maximum pressure of all hydraulic circuits is 21Mpa, the pipe diameter design meets the requirements of the discharge capacity of a hydraulic pump and the working capacity of an executing element, the pipeline layout is neat and attractive, the serial numbers are arranged, and the maintenance and the replacement are convenient. All external hydraulic lines gather to a hydraulic pressure joint panel on, mark the joint usage on the panel to adopt not unidimensional quick-operation joint and dust cover, be convenient for external manifold to connect. The electric element meets the explosion-proof technical requirement. The circuit system is provided with a grounding device, the grounding resistance is less than or equal to 10 ohms, and all the electrical elements are provided with circuit breakers. The working neutral line must not be taken as a ground line.
The gas path system is provided with a filtering, drying and draining device. The remote throttle adjusting and emergency cut-off functions can be realized.
As shown in FIG. 7, the collar detection device is composed of a collar detector housing 23 and a collar detector element 24, wherein the collar detector housing 23 is a carrier of the collar detector element 24. The coupling detector member 24 is installed inside the coupling detector housing 23, and the coupling detector housing 23 is installed between the safety semi-ram preventer 4 and the lower working semi-ram preventer 6.
As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the collar detector assembly 24 includes a first side member and a second side member. The first side component comprises a detection roller 25, a detection plunger 26, a pre-pressing spring 28, an adjusting piston 29 and a plug 30 from left to right in sequence. A detector component housing 27 is provided on the outside of the detection plunger 26.
The second side component comprises a limiting ring 31, a sealing element 32, a displacement transmission guide block 34 and an approaching displacement sensor 36 from left to right in sequence. The displacement transmission rod 33 of the sensor mechanism is provided above the displacement transmission guide block 34. The sensor holder 35 is disposed above the proximity displacement sensor 36.
In the operation in-process is pressed in the area, when the body of rod passes through the well head along the central axis, because the diameter is less than the distance between the detection gyro wheel 25, can not produce radial effort to detecting gyro wheel 25, and it does not have displacement output to detect plunger 26, and sensor mechanism just can not signals, also does not report to the police. When the tubing coupling passes through along the central axis, the coupling contacts the detection roller 25 due to the increase of the diameter and pushes the detection roller outwards along the radial direction (the axial direction of the detection plunger 26), so that the tubing coupling can smoothly pass through a wellhead along the central axis of an oil well; meanwhile, the collar compresses the pre-pressing spring 28 of the detection plunger 26, so that the detection plunger 26 generates displacement; the displacement is transmitted to the guide block 34 through the displacement transmission rod 33 of the sensor mechanism, enters the detection range of the proximity sensor, and is enabled to send out a detection signal, and meanwhile, sound and light alarm is carried out, so that next operation indication is provided for an operator.
The equipment accessories comprise a coupling detector 19, a telescopic protective ladder stand 20, a host machine transportation pry 22, a hoisting hanger and a hydraulic pipeline;
a telescopic protective ladder 20 is suspended from the upper platform 14 and workers reach the upper platform 14 via the ladder. The main machine transportation pry 22 is used for horizontally and fixedly placing the under-pressure operation machine, the hoisting sling is installed at the hoisting point of the under-pressure operation machine, and the hydraulic pipeline is used for connecting the under-pressure operation power source system 21 and the under-pressure operation machine and plays a role in transmitting hydraulic power.
The chassis of the host transport pry 22 is provided with a complete machine hoisting lug plate, so that integral hoisting and transportation can be performed.
The method for up-down operation of the pipe column of the pressurized operation equipment suitable for the shallow low-pressure oil well is described below.
And after the operation of the tubular column is finished, replacing the semi-closed rams of the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 5 and the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 6 with tubular column semi-closed rams. The collar detector 19 is set to an open position to ensure that the detector component housing 27 is in a full bore position. The pipe column can be lifted under pressure.
For the operation of pulling out and running the tubular column under pressure, a ram type blowout preventer ram and an operation machine slip (the sizes of the ram type blowout preventer ram have various specifications such as phi 16mm, phi 19mm, phi 22mm and the like, and are selected according to the size of the underground tubular column) are researched and processed, wherein the ram type blowout preventer ram is a ram type blowout preventer component which is matched with the size of a construction tubular column, and an annulus between the sealing sleeve and the tubular column is sealed; the slips of the operation machine are fittings of a movable slip group 10 and a fixed slip group 9, are matched with the size of a construction pipe column and are used for clamping and suspending the pipe column; and is matched with a collar detector 19. The operation machine slips without the size can solve the problem of blowout prevention of pipe columns with various specifications, and provide reliable clamping guarantee for the operation of lifting and lowering the pipe columns; the ram plate of the ram blowout preventer which is specially researched and developed can meet the sealing problem of tubular columns with various specifications; the coupling detector 19 not only can detect the position of a coupling, but also can smoothly pass through the coupling, thereby providing effective guarantee for the tripping of the pipe column operation.
The method comprises the following steps:
Step 1.1, when the underground pressure is not enough to push the pipe column and the pipe column has no upward channeling tendency, lifting the pipe column by a hook on the workover system, wherein the process is as follows: closing the balance pressure relief system 8 and the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 5, and lifting the pipe column by a big hook; after the collar detector 19 sends out a sounding signal, the lifting speed of the big hook is suspended or slowed down, the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 6 is closed, the balanced pressure relief system 8 is opened to release blowout, the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 5 is opened, and the pipe column is continuously lifted until the collar is exposed; after the pipe column is unloaded, the operation process is continued to pull out the pipe column below until all the operations are completed;
step 1.2, when the pressure makes the tubular column have the tendency of scurrying on going up in the pit, adopt the quick-witted system 37 of lifting in the area pressure operation machine to carry out the pole, workover system hook takes the elevator cooperation to right the tubular column, and its process is as follows: closing a pressure relief system, a traveling slip group 10 and an upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 5 in a balanced pressure relief system 8, lifting a hydraulic cylinder 11 by the traveling slip group 10, and opening other components; when the traveling slip group 10 moves to the highest point, the fixed slip group 9 and the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 6 are closed, the balanced pressure relief system 8 is opened to release blowout, the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 5 is opened, the traveling slip group 10 is closed, the fixed slip group 9 is opened, the lifting hydraulic cylinder 11 is made to move downwards, the actions are repeated until a coupling is exposed, a pipe column is taken out by tripping, and the whole pipe column lifting process is completed;
2.1, when the underground pressure is not enough to lower the pipe column and the pipe column does not have the upward channeling tendency, adopting a hook on the workover system to lower the rod; the rod descending process is as follows: closing the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 6 and the balanced pressure relief system 8, keeping other components in an open state, allowing the large hook to carry the pipe column to move downwards through the elevator, closing the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 5 and opening the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 6 after the coupling passes through the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 5, and continuing to move downwards; estimating that the coupling passes through the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 6, closing the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 6, and opening the balanced pressure relief system 8 and the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 5 to continue descending; repeating the process until all the pipe columns are completely lowered;
2.2, when the pipe column has the upward movement trend due to the underground pressure, lowering the rod by using a lifting hydraulic cylinder (11) of the pressurized operation machine, and carrying an elevator by a large hook of the workover system to cooperate with the pipe column to be centered; the process is as follows: firstly, lifting a hydraulic cylinder 11 by a floating slip group 10 to move upwards to the highest point, then closing a balance pressure relief system 8, an upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 5 and the floating slip group 10, and keeping other components in an open state; and then, the pipe column is clamped to descend along with the lifting hydraulic cylinder 11, after the lifting hydraulic cylinder 11 descends to the lowest position, the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 6 and the fixed slip set 9 are closed, the balanced pressure relief system 8, the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer 5 and the floating slip set 10 are opened, the lifting hydraulic cylinder 11 ascends to the highest point, and the process is repeated until all the pipe columns are completely descended.
It is to be understood that the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments and that various changes in form and details may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The equipment suitable for the operation under pressure of the shallow low-pressure oil well is characterized by comprising a well repairing system, an operation under pressure power source system (21) and accessory equipment;
the workover system finishes workover operation and is matched with the pressurized operation system to finish forced lifting and lowering operation of the tubular column;
the pressurized operation system comprises a pressure testing cross joint (1), a safe full-sealing ram blowout preventer (2), a wellhead stabilizer (3), a safe semi-sealing ram blowout preventer (4) and a pressurized operation machine from bottom to top; the pressure testing cross joint (1), the safe full-seal ram blowout preventer (2), the wellhead stabilizer (3), the safe half-seal ram blowout preventer (4) and the operation machine with pressure are sequentially connected with one another through flanges;
The operation machine with pressure comprises a main body, a frame, an upper platform, an overhead operation platform, a lifter system (37) and a driving turntable;
the main body sequentially comprises a lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer (6), a balance pressure relief system (8), an upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer (5), a working annular blowout preventer (7), a fixed slip group (9) and a moving slip group (10) from bottom to top;
the working annular blowout preventer (7) can seal tools of any shape and realize zero sealing in emergency;
the balance pressure relief system (8) is used for balancing or relieving the pressure in the working annular blowout preventer (7) and the working single ram blowout preventer;
the fixed slip group (9) is arranged on the working annular blowout preventer (7) and is matched with the moving slip group (10) to finish the operation of pulling up and pulling down an oil pipe;
the frame comprises a lower platform and an upright post; a lower substrate (13) is arranged on the lower platform;
the upper platform and the high-altitude operation platform comprise an upper platform (14) and a high-altitude driller platform;
the upper platform (14) comprises an upper base plate (12), a main pedal guardrail and a driller's stand (15);
the driller's platform (15) is fixed at one side corner of the main pedal, the guardrail of the main pedal is arranged at the edge of the main pedal, and the upper base plate (12) extends out of the central through hole of the main pedal;
The upright posts are connected with the upper substrate (12) and the lower substrate (13);
the lifter system (37) comprises a lifting hydraulic cylinder (11) and a control valve group; the lifting hydraulic cylinder (11) is connected with the control valve group through a hydraulic pipeline;
the upper substrate (12) and the lower substrate (13) are respectively connected to the upper end and the lower end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder (11);
the high-altitude driller platform is fixed on an upper platform (14).
2. The apparatus for low pressure well operations on pressure in shallow layers according to claim 1, characterized in that the balanced pressure relief system (8) comprises: balance pressure relief four-way, manual plug valve, hydraulic plug valve and wellhead pressure gauge.
3. The equipment suitable for the operation under pressure of the shallow low-pressure oil well is characterized in that the upper and lower terminal points of the lifting hydraulic cylinder (11) are respectively provided with a hydraulic buffer structure, so that the lifting hydraulic cylinder (11) can move stably; the control valve group uses a high-flow control valve.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the active rotary table is designed with a mechanical locking device.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the workover system comprises a derrick, a crown block, a traveling block, and a winch.
6. An apparatus adapted for operation with pressure in shallow low pressure oil wells according to claim 1, characterized in that the working annular blowout preventer (7) is equipped with a buffer accumulator.
7. The equipment suitable for the operation under pressure of the shallow low-pressure oil well is characterized in that the power source system (21) for the operation under pressure comprises a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic circuit, an electric circuit system and an air circuit system.
8. The equipment suitable for the operation under pressure of the shallow low-pressure oil well is characterized in that the upper platform (14) further comprises upper platform accessories, and the upper platform accessories comprise a lower tubing steel wire rope fixing rod (16), a falling protector fixing rod, an escape device fixing rod (17) and a hydraulic clamp tail rope fixing rod (18) which are vertically arranged on a main pedal.
9. The equipment suitable for the operation of the shallow low-pressure oil well under pressure of the claim 1, characterized in that the equipment accessories comprise a coupling detector (19), a telescopic protective ladder (20), a host machine transportation pry (22), a hoisting sling and a hydraulic pipeline;
the coupling detector (19) comprises a coupling detector shell (23) and a coupling detector component (24); the coupling detector part (24) is installed inside coupling detector casing (23), coupling detector (19) are installed between safe semi-closed ram preventer (4) and lower work semi-closed ram preventer (6), and flexible protection cat ladder (20) are hung in last platform (14) department, and host computer transportation sled (22) are used for the level to fix and lay the pressure operation machine, and the hoist and mount hoist is installed and is pressed the operation machine hoisting point department under pressure, and hydraulic line is used for connecting pressure operation power source system (21) and presses between the operation machine under pressure, plays the effect of transmission fluid pressure power.
10. The method for operating the equipment string up and down for the operation of the shallow low-pressure oil well under pressure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, lifting the tubular column
Step 1.1, when the underground pressure is not enough to push the pipe column and the pipe column has no upward channeling tendency, the pipe column is lifted by a hook on the workover system, and the process is as follows: closing the balance pressure relief system (8) and the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer (5), and lifting the pipe column by a hook; after a collar detector (19) sends out a sounding signal, the lifting speed of a big hook is suspended or slowed down, a lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer (6) is closed, a balanced pressure relief system (8) is opened to release blowout, an upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer (5) is opened, and the pipe column is continuously lifted until the collar is exposed; after the pipe column is dismounted, the operation process is continued to pull out the pipe column below until all the operations are finished;
step 1.2, when the underground pressure makes the tubular column have the tendency of scurrying, adopt the lift system (37) among the pressure operation machine to carry out the pole, the workover system hook carries the elevator cooperation to right the tubular column, its process as follows: closing a pressure relief system, a traveling slip group (10) and an upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer (5) in a balanced pressure relief system (8), wherein the traveling slip group (10) lifts a hydraulic cylinder (11) to lift up, and other components are in an open state; when the moving slip group (10) moves to the highest point, the fixed slip group (9) and the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer (6) are closed, the balanced pressure relief system (8) is opened to release blowout, the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer (5) is opened, the moving slip group (10) is closed, the fixed slip group (9) is opened, the lifting hydraulic cylinder (11) is made to move downwards, the actions are repeated until the coupling is exposed, the lower tubular column is taken out by tripping, and the whole tubular column lifting process is completed in such a reciprocating manner;
Step 2, lowering the pipe column
2.1, when the underground pressure is not enough to lower the pipe column and the pipe column does not have the upward channeling tendency, adopting a hook on the workover system to lower the rod; the rod descending process is as follows: closing a lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer (6) and a balance pressure relief system (8), wherein other components are in an open state, a big hook carries a tubular column to move downwards through an elevator, and after a coupling passes through an upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer (5), the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer (5) is closed, the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer (6) is opened, and the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer continues to move downwards; estimating that a coupling passes through a lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer (6), closing the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer (6), and then opening a balanced pressure relief system (8) and an upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer (5) to continue descending; repeating the process until all the pipe columns are put down;
step 2.2, when the underground pressure causes the pipe column to have the upward movement tendency, a lifting hydraulic cylinder (11) of an operation machine with pressure is used for lowering the rod, and a large hook of the workover system carries an elevator to cooperate with the pipe column to be righted; the process is as follows: firstly, a moving slip group (10) lifts a hydraulic cylinder (11) to move upwards to the highest point, then a balance pressure relief system (8), an upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer (5) and the moving slip group (10) are closed, and other components are all in an open state; and then, the pipe column is clamped to move downwards along with the lifting hydraulic cylinder (11), when the lifting hydraulic cylinder (11) moves downwards to the lowest position, the lower working semi-closed ram blowout preventer (6) and the fixed slip set (9) are closed, the balance pressure relief system (8), the upper working semi-closed ram blowout preventer (5) and the floating slip set (10) are opened, the lifting hydraulic cylinder (11) moves upwards to the highest point, and the process is repeated until all the pipe columns are completely moved downwards.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210253065.1A CN114673461A (en) | 2022-03-15 | 2022-03-15 | Equipment suitable for operation is pressed in shallow low pressure oil well area |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210253065.1A CN114673461A (en) | 2022-03-15 | 2022-03-15 | Equipment suitable for operation is pressed in shallow low pressure oil well area |
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| CN114673461A true CN114673461A (en) | 2022-06-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202210253065.1A Pending CN114673461A (en) | 2022-03-15 | 2022-03-15 | Equipment suitable for operation is pressed in shallow low pressure oil well area |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117605437A (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-02-27 | 牡丹江新辉石油机械有限公司 | Balanced lifting type wellhead device for pressurized operation and method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-03-15 CN CN202210253065.1A patent/CN114673461A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117605437A (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-02-27 | 牡丹江新辉石油机械有限公司 | Balanced lifting type wellhead device for pressurized operation and method thereof |
| CN117605437B (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-04-16 | 牡丹江新辉石油机械有限公司 | Balanced lifting type wellhead device for pressurized operation and method thereof |
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