CN114671458A - Preparation method and application of perovskite material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a perovskite material, wherein the chemical formula of the perovskite material is CsPbX₃Wherein X is Cl, Br or I; the preparation method of the perovskite material comprises the following steps: s1, mixing the cesium precursor and the lead precursor in a microwave bottle at normal temperature, and then adding octadecene, a polar solvent and a surfactant to obtain a mixed solvent; s2, ultrasonically dissolving the mixed solvent at normal temperature, then placing the mixed solvent in a microwave heating device for heating reaction, stopping microwave heating and cooling after the reaction, and then quickly cooling the reaction liquid; s3, go to step S2Adding a cleaning agent into the cooled reaction solution, and centrifuging and washing to obtain the solid CsPbX₃A perovskite material. The perovskite material preparation method provided by the invention adopts a simple microwave heating synthesis process, does not need inert gas protection in the synthesis process, overcomes the problems of poor reproducibility, complex operation, full reaction rate, poor practical application and the like, and is a green preparation method.

Description

A kind of preparation method and application of perovskite material

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of photocatalytic oxidation, in particular to a preparation method of a perovskite material and application in photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide.

Background technique

As we all know, carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic gas that has a huge impact on humans and the environment. The pollutant carbon monoxide mainly comes from the exhaust emissions of automobiles and industrial manufacturing processes and the incomplete combustion of various fuels. Over the past decade or so, much attention has been paid to developing efficient methods for converting carbon monoxide into other harmless gases. Therefore, it is of great significance to research and develop high-efficiency, low-cost, and stable carbon monoxide photocatalytic oxidation catalysts.

At present, the materials for photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide mainly use rare earth metal oxides, bimetallic oxides and supported bimetallic oxides, etc., but these materials generally have disadvantages such as low conversion efficiency, slow reaction rate, and poor practical application; and Most of the photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide have problems such as complex reaction system, unclear reaction mechanism, and poor product selectivity. Therefore, the photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide also greatly restricts its oxidation efficiency.

In view of the above problems, it is particularly critical to develop high-stability and high-efficiency visible-light-oxidized carbon monoxide materials, improve product selectivity, explore its optimal reaction system, and then study its reaction mechanism. Among many photocatalytic materials, CsPbX3 _perovskite nanocrystals have many excellent optical properties, unique crystal structure and electronic structure, showing excellent photocatalytic potential, so they are valued by the majority of scientific researchers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a CsPbX ₃ perovskite that is green, environmentally friendly, simple in process and suitable for large-scale production, aiming at the shortcomings of the existing photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide materials such as low conversion efficiency, slow reaction rate and poor practical application. The material preparation method, the CsPbX ₃ perovskite material prepared by the method is used for photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide, which can solve the defects of low conversion efficiency, slow reaction rate and poor practical application faced by the existing photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A method for preparing a perovskite material, wherein the chemical formula of the perovskite material is CsPbX ₃ , where X is Cl, Br or I;

The preparation method of the perovskite material comprises the following steps:

S1. Mix the cesium precursor and the lead precursor in a microwave bottle at room temperature, and then add octadecene (ODE), a polar solvent and a surfactant to obtain a mixed solvent;

S2, the mixed solvent is ultrasonically dissolved under normal temperature conditions, then placed in a microwave heating device for heating reaction, after the reaction, microwave heating is stopped and cooled, and then the reaction solution is rapidly cooled;

S3, adding a cleaning agent to the quick-cooled reaction solution in step S2, and centrifuging and washing to obtain a solid CsPbX ₃ perovskite material.

Specifically, the present invention aims at the deficiencies of existing photocatalytic oxidation carbon monoxide materials and technologies, and provides a preparation method for synthesizing CsPbX3 _perovskite materials by microwave-assisted heating, and the prepared material is a stable and high-efficiency perovskite material. The CsPbX ₃ perovskite material can effectively promote the separation of photogenerated carriers, improve the photoreaction efficiency, and solve the problem of traditional photocatalytic oxidation. Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide materials has the disadvantages of poor stability, low activity, and poor practical applicability. The method for synthesizing the CsPbX ₃ perovskite material provided by the invention is simple and feasible, has low production cost, considerable yield and is environmentally friendly. The prepared CsPbX3 _perovskite material is used in the system of photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide, the reaction conditions are mild, the operation is simple and feasible, and it has broad application prospects.

Further, a method for preparing a perovskite material: the cesium precursor described in step S1 is cesium carbonate (Cs ₂ CO ₃ ); the lead precursor is selected from lead chloride (PbCl ₂ ), bromide Any of lead (PbBr ₂ ) and lead iodide (PbI ₂ ). Among them: the solid raw materials are all analytically pure, and the purity is above 99.90%.

Further, a preparation method of a perovskite material: the molar ratio of the cesium precursor to the lead precursor is 1:(3-5).

Further, a preparation method of a perovskite material: the volume ratio of octadecene and the polar solvent described in step S1 is (1-2): 1; the octadecene and the surface active The volume ratio of the agent is (5-10):1.

Further, a preparation method of a perovskite material: the polar solvent described in step S1 is diethylene glycol butyl ether (DGBE); the surfactant is oleic acid (OA) and oleylamine (OAm )mixture.

Further, a method for preparing a perovskite material: the volume ratio of the oleic acid to the oleylamine is 1:1.

Further, a preparation method of a perovskite material: step S2, ultrasonically dissolving the mixed solvent at room temperature, and then placing it in a microwave heating device to stir and heat to 100-200° C., and react for 5-10 minutes, After the reaction, the microwave heating was stopped and cooled to 65-75°C, and then the reaction solution was placed in an ice-water bath and rapidly cooled to room temperature.

Further, a preparation method of a perovskite material: step S3, adding a cleaning agent to the quick-cooled reaction solution, and centrifugally washing 2-3 times to obtain a solid CsPbX ₃ perovskite material; wherein the cleaning The agent is ethyl acetate.

An application of a perovskite material, characterized in that the CsPbX ₃ perovskite material prepared by the above preparation method is used for photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide.

Further, the application of a perovskite material: the application of the CsPbX ₃ perovskite material in the photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide: the CsPbX ₃ perovskite material is used as a photocatalyst, and nitrogen is used as a carrier gas. Oxygen is used as an oxidant, and a xenon lamp is used as a light source to oxidize carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.

Specifically, in the preparation method of the perovskite material of the present invention, CsPbX ₃ (wherein X=Cl, Br or I) is synthesized by microwave-assisted heating, and the CsPbX ₃ perovskite material is applied to the photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide system Among them, the perovskite material was used as catalyst, _N2 was used as carrier gas, _O2 was used as oxidant, and xenon lamp was used as lamp source. Infrared analyzer was used for online analysis, and the consumption of carbon monoxide (CO) was used to investigate the conversion rate of the reaction. Carbon monoxide (CO) is oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ). The CsPbX ₃ perovskite material of the present invention is carried out in a microwave reactor, the CO catalytic oxidation reaction system is studied in a dynamic gas flow, the experiment is carried out in a catalytic evaluation device, the catalyst is put into a quartz tube, and then CO, A mixture of N ₂ and O ₂ gas is used for illumination with a xenon lamp after the gas flow is stable.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

(1) The preparation method of the perovskite material provided by the present invention does not require inert gas protection in the synthesis process, the heating speed is fast, the heating is uniform, and the temperature is more accurately controlled, which overcomes poor reproducibility, cumbersome operation, and inability to large-scale production. The problem is a green preparation method.

(2) The present invention introduces the prepared CsPbX ₃ perovskite material into the photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide reaction system, and solves the defects of low conversion efficiency, slow reaction rate and poor practical application faced by the existing photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide materials.

(3) The preparation method of the perovskite material of the present invention adopts a microwave-assisted synthesis process, and the microwave-assisted synthesis has strong penetrability, fast heating speed, uniform heating, and more precise temperature control, so that the crystal quality of quantum dots is greatly improved, The activity is stronger, and finally a perovskite material with high quality and high fluorescence yield is obtained.

(4) The preparation method of the perovskite material of the present invention does not require inert gas protection, and has the advantages of high reproducibility, simple synthesis process, suitable for large-scale production, and environmental protection.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.

Fig. 1 is the emission spectrum of the CsPbX _perovskite material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, wherein the abscissa represents the wavelength, the ordinate is the relative intensity, and the value marked in the figure is the peak wavelength;

2 is the X-ray fluorescence diffraction pattern of the CsPbX _perovskite material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, the abscissa represents the angle between the incident light and the reflected light, and the ordinate is the relative intensity;

Figure 3(a)-(c) is the activity comparison diagram of CsPbX ₃ perovskite in the construction of carbon monoxide oxidation system after illumination, in which the abscissa represents time and the ordinate represents concentration; Figure 3(d) is CsPbBr ₃ perovskite Comparison diagram of the reaction of materials under xenon light illumination and natural illumination, where the abscissa represents time and the ordinate represents concentration.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A preparation method of a perovskite material, wherein the chemical formula of the perovskite material is CsPbCl ₃ ; the preparation method of the CsPbCl ₃ perovskite material sequentially includes the following specific steps:

S1. Weigh 1.0 mol of cesium carbonate (Cs ₂ CO ₃ ) precursor and 3.0 mol of lead chloride (PbCl ₂ ) precursor respectively, and mix them in a microwave bottle at room temperature, and then put them into the microwave bottle Add 5.0 mL of octadecene (ODE), 5.0 mL of diethylene glycol butyl ether (DGBE), 0.5 mL of oleic acid (OA) and 0.5 mL of oleylamine (OAm) to obtain a mixed solvent; wherein: cesium carbonate The raw materials of lead chloride and lead chloride are all analytically pure, and the purity is above 99.90%;

S2, the above-mentioned mixed solvent is ultrasonically dissolved under normal temperature conditions, then placed in a microwave heating device and stirred and heated to 100 ° C, the reaction is incubated for 5 minutes, the microwave heating is stopped after the reaction is completed and the reaction solution is cooled to 70 ° C, then again The reaction solution was placed in an ice-water bath and rapidly cooled to room temperature;

S3, adding ethyl acetate to the quick-cooled reaction solution in step S2, and centrifuging and washing 3 times to obtain a solid CsPbCl ₃ perovskite material.

Take the CsPbCl _perovskite material prepared in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 and utilize time-resolved fluorescence spectrometer. The test excitation wavelength is 365 nm, the incident light slit width is 1 nm, and the exit light slit width is 0.5 nm. The abscissa represents the wavelength and the ordinate is the fluorescence. strength. As can be seen from Figure 1, the fluorescence peak is located at 528 nm, the half-peak width is approximately 21 nm, and the sample emits green fluorescence. The fluorescence quantum yield tested by this device was 55%. In summary, the lower fluorescence quantum efficiency indicates that the recombination speed of electrons and holes in the valence band and conduction band is slow, and the effective separation of electrons and holes can improve the oxidation efficiency of pollutants, and finally achieve the removal of pollutants. Purpose.

Example 2

A preparation method of a perovskite material, the chemical formula of the perovskite material is CsPbBr ₃ ; the preparation method of the CsPbBr ₃ perovskite material comprises the following specific steps in sequence:

S1. Weigh 1.0 mol of cesium carbonate (Cs ₂ CO ₃ ) precursor and 4.5 mol of lead bromide (PbBr ₂ ) precursor, respectively, and mix them in a microwave bottle at room temperature, and then put them into the microwave bottle Add 8.0 mL of octadecene (ODE), 5.0 mL of diethylene glycol butyl ether (DGBE), 0.5 mL of oleic acid (OA) and 0.5 mL of oleylamine (OAm) to obtain a mixed solvent; wherein: cesium carbonate The raw materials of lead bromide and lead bromide are all analytically pure, and the purity is above 99.90%;

S2, the above-mentioned mixed solvent is ultrasonically dissolved under normal temperature conditions, then placed in a microwave heating device and stirred and heated to 180 ° C, the reaction is incubated for 6 minutes, the microwave heating is stopped after the reaction and the reaction solution is cooled to 75 ° C, then again The reaction solution was placed in an ice-water bath and rapidly cooled to room temperature;

S3, adding ethyl acetate to the quick-cooled reaction solution in step S2, and centrifuging and washing twice to obtain a solid CsPbBr ₃ perovskite material.

Get the CsPbBr _perovskite material prepared in above-mentioned embodiment 2 and carry out diffraction by X-ray diffractometer, as shown in Figure 2, the abscissa in the figure represents the angle between the incident light and the reflected light, and the ordinate is the relative intensity; from the figure As can be seen, the prepared sample matched the standard card for CsPbBr ₃ (JCPDS Card No. 54-0751), while no other miscellaneous items were detected, indicating that CsPbBr ₃ was successfully synthesized.

Example 3

A preparation method of a perovskite material, wherein the chemical formula of the perovskite material is CsPbI ₃ ; the preparation method of the CsPbI ₃ perovskite material sequentially includes the following specific steps:

S1. Weigh 1.0 mol of cesium carbonate (Cs ₂ CO ₃ ) precursor and 3.0 mol of lead iodide (PbI ₂ ) precursor respectively, and mix the two in a microwave bottle at room temperature, and then put them into the microwave bottle Add 10.0 mL of octadecene (ODE), 5.0 mL of diethylene glycol butyl ether (DGBE), 0.5 mL of oleic acid (OA) and 0.5 mL of oleylamine (OAm) to obtain a mixed solvent; wherein: cesium carbonate The raw materials of lead iodide and lead iodide are all analytically pure, and the purity is above 99.90%;

S2, the above-mentioned mixed solvent is ultrasonically dissolved under normal temperature conditions, then placed in a microwave heating device and stirred and heated to 130 ° C, the reaction is incubated for 9 minutes, the microwave heating is stopped after the reaction is completed and the reaction solution is cooled to 65 ° C, then again The reaction solution was placed in an ice-water bath and rapidly cooled to room temperature;

S3, adding ethyl acetate to the quick-cooled reaction solution in step S2, and centrifuging and washing 3 times to obtain a solid CsPbI ₃ perovskite material.

application:

The CsPbCl ₃ , CsPbBr ₃ and CsPbI ₃ perovskite materials prepared in the above-mentioned examples 1-3 were respectively loaded into the quartz tube as catalysts, and then nitrogen was used as the carrier gas and oxygen was used as the oxidant to carry out the CO oxidation catalytic reaction; Under pressure conditions, the optimal CO photocatalytic oxidation conditions can be selected by changing different light sources, different oxygen contents, different gas components, different space velocities and long-term stability performance tests. By studying the optimal conditions for the application of this perovskite material in the photocatalytic oxidation of CO reaction system, it provides a basis for further exploring its reaction mechanism.

Application 1: The application of a perovskite material, the application of the CsPbX ₃ perovskite material in the photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide: the CsPbX ₃ perovskite material is used as a photocatalyst, and nitrogen is used as a carrier gas. Oxygen is used as an oxidant, and a xenon lamp is used as a light source to oxidize carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The specific photocatalytic oxidation process of carbon monoxide is as follows:

(1) Accurately weigh 30.0 mg of the CsPbCl ₃ perovskite material prepared in Example 1 above and put it into a quartz tube with an inner diameter of 7 mm, and then introduce a mixed gas of N ₂ , O ₂ and CO (total flow is 500 mL) /min), using a xenon lamp as the lamp source, using an infrared analyzer for online analysis, and examining the conversion rate of the reaction with the consumption of CO, it is found that CO can be converted into CO ₂ under a xenon lamp; the catalytic oxidation results of CO As shown in Figure 3(b).

(2) Accurately weigh 30.0 mg of the CsPbBr ₃ perovskite material prepared in Example 2 above and put it into a quartz tube with an inner diameter of 7 mm, and then introduce a mixed gas of N ₂ , O ₂ and CO (total flow is 500 mL) /min), using a xenon lamp as the lamp source, using an infrared analyzer for online analysis, and examining the conversion rate of the reaction with the consumption of CO, it is found that CO can be converted into CO ₂ under a xenon lamp; the catalytic oxidation results of CO As shown in Figure 3(a).

(3) Accurately weigh 30.0 mg of the CsPbI ₃ perovskite material prepared in Example 3 above and put it into a quartz tube with an inner diameter of 7 mm, and then introduce a mixed gas of N ₂ , O ₂ and CO (total flow is 500 mL) /min), using a xenon lamp as the lamp source, using an infrared analyzer for online analysis, and examining the conversion rate of the reaction with the consumption of CO, it is found that CO can be converted into CO ₂ under a xenon lamp; the catalytic oxidation results of CO As shown in Figure 3(c).

Figure 3(a)-(c) are the activity comparison diagrams of CsPbBr ₃ , CsPbCl ₃ , and CsPbI ₃ perovskite materials after light irradiation in the construction of carbon monoxide catalytic oxidation system, where the abscissa represents time and the ordinate represents concentration. When the CsPbBr ₃ perovskite material of Example 2 was added, the CO was completely oxidized after 30 minutes; when the CsPbCl ₃ perovskite material of Example 1 was added, the CO was completely oxidized after 60 minutes; In the case of CsPbI3 _perovskite , CO was completely oxidized after 110 min. The above results show that the CsPbX ₃ perovskite material prepared by the present invention can promote the photo-generated electron transfer of the system, and effectively inhibit the recombination of photo-generated electrons and holes, which is conducive to the oxidation reaction of CO adsorbed on its surface to accept electrons. .

Figure 3(d) is a comparison diagram of the reaction of CsPbBr ₃ perovskite materials under xenon lamp illumination and natural illumination, where the abscissa represents time and the ordinate represents concentration. As shown in the figure, xenon lamp illumination is more conducive to promoting electron migration and The CO adsorbed on the surface of the material reacts.

Application 2: Investigate the influence of different gas components on photocatalytic materials: accurately weigh 30.0 mg of the CsPbCl ₃ perovskite material prepared in Example 1 above and put it into a quartz tube with an inner diameter of 7 mm, and then pass N ₂ , The mixed gas of O ₂ and CO (total flow is 500mL/min), using a xenon lamp as the lamp source, is used for online analysis by an infrared analyzer; then, different concentrations of O ₂ (0%, 2%, 5%, 10% and 15%), SO2 ₍ 250ppm, 500ppm, 1000ppm and 1500ppm), NO (250ppm, 500ppm, 1000ppm and 1500ppm) and H2O ( ₂ %, 5% and 10%), their effect on _CsPbX3 calcium was investigated The effect of the photocatalytic oxidation of CO by the titanium material (here, the introduction of different concentrations of O ₂ , SO ₂ , NO and H ₂ O is to simulate the effect of the CsPbX ₃ perovskite material on the photocatalytic oxidation of CO under the actual gas condition). It was found that _O2 and NO were more favorable for photocatalytic oxidation of CO, which accelerated the conversion of CO. In the case of NO concentration of 500ppm: CsPbBr ₃ perovskite material photocatalytically oxidizes CO, which can completely convert CO to CO ₂ in 10 minutes; CsPbCl ₃ perovskite material photocatalytically oxidizes CO, which can completely convert CO in 20 minutes It is CO ₂ ; CsPbI ₃ perovskite material photocatalytically oxidizes CO, and CO can be completely converted into CO ₂ in 35 minutes, which effectively improves the conversion speed. However, SO ₂ and H ₂ O have a certain inhibitory effect on the photocatalytic oxidation of CO by CsPbX ₃ perovskite, and the catalytic oxidation performance is getting worse and worse, which may be caused by the poisoning of the catalyst.

Application 3: Investigate the effect of different space velocities on photocatalytic materials: Accurately weigh 30.0 mg, 60.0 mg and 90.0 mg of the CsPbCl _perovskite materials prepared in Example 1, respectively, and put them into quartz tubes with an inner diameter of 7 mm. , pass the mixed gas of N ₂ , O ₂ and CO (total flow is 500mL/min), use xenon lamp as lamp source, use infrared analyzer for online analysis, and examine the conversion rate of reaction with CO consumption. The results show that the more the catalyst content, the longer the contact time between the gas and the catalyst, and the faster the CO conversion rate; 90 mg of CsPbX ₃ perovskite can achieve complete CO conversion in about 10 minutes.

In summary, the optimal conditions for the photocatalytic oxidation of CO reaction system of CsPbX ₃ perovskite materials are as follows: a certain amount of NO is introduced into the constructed carbon monoxide photocatalytic oxidation system, and a xenon lamp is used as the light source, and the CO gas and CsPbX ₃ calcium are ensured at the same time. The contact time of the titanium ore catalyst is longer.

The invention provides a preparation method of a perovskite material for photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide and its application in photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide. The chemical formula of the perovskite material is CsPbX ₃ , wherein X is Cl, Br or I . The prepared CsPbX3 _perovskite material is used as a catalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of CO, which can significantly improve the efficiency of photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide. At the same time, the preparation process of the perovskite material adopts a simple microwave heating synthesis process, and no inert gas protection is required during the synthesis process, which overcomes the problems of poor reproducibility, cumbersome operation, slow reaction rate and poor practical application. It is a green preparation method. In addition, the CsPbX ₃ perovskite material prepared by the method of the present invention also has strong fluorescence properties.

The above-mentioned preferred embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any obvious changes or changes derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a preparation method of perovskite material, is characterized in that, the chemical formula of described perovskite material is CsPbX ₃ , and X in the formula is Cl, Br or I; The preparation method of the perovskite material comprises the following steps: S1. At room temperature, mix the cesium precursor and the lead precursor in a microwave bottle, and then add octadecene, a polar solvent and a surfactant to obtain a mixed solvent; S2, the mixed solvent is ultrasonically dissolved under normal temperature conditions, then placed in a microwave heating device for heating reaction, after the reaction, microwave heating is stopped and cooled, and then the reaction solution is rapidly cooled; S3, adding a cleaning agent to the quick-cooled reaction solution in step S2, and centrifuging and washing to obtain a solid CsPbX ₃ perovskite material. 2. the preparation method of a kind of perovskite material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the cesium precursor described in step S1 is cesium carbonate; Described lead precursor is selected from lead chloride, bromide Either lead or lead iodide. 3. The preparation method of a perovskite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the molar ratio of the cesium precursor to the lead precursor is 1:(3-5). 4. the preparation method of a kind of perovskite material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the volume ratio of octadecene described in step S1 and described polar solvent is (1-2): 1; The volume ratio of the octadecene to the surfactant is (5-10):1. 5. the preparation method of a kind of perovskite material according to claim 1 or 4, is characterized in that, the polar solvent described in step S1 is diethylene glycol butyl ether; Described surfactant is oil A mixture of acid and oleylamine. 6 . The method for preparing a perovskite material according to claim 5 , wherein the volume ratio of the oleic acid to the oleylamine is 1:1. 7 . 7. the preparation method of a kind of perovskite material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step S2, described mixed solvent is ultrasonically dissolved under normal temperature conditions, is then placed in microwave heating device and stirred and heated to 100 ℃ -200°C, react for 5-10 minutes, after the reaction, stop microwave heating and cool to 65-75°C, and then place the reaction solution in an ice-water bath to quickly cool down to room temperature. 8. the preparation method of a kind of perovskite material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step S3, adds cleaning agent to the reaction solution after quick cooling, centrifugal washing 2-3 times, namely obtains solid CsPbX ₃ Perovskite material; wherein the cleaning agent is ethyl acetate. 9 . An application of a perovskite material, characterized in that the CsPbX ₃ perovskite material obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-8 is used for photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide. 10. the application of a kind of perovskite material according to claim 9, is characterized in that, the application of described CsPbX ₃ perovskite material in photocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide: with described CsPbX ₃ perovskite material as The photocatalyst uses nitrogen as the carrier gas, oxygen as the oxidant, and xenon lamp as the light source to oxidize carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.

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