CN114671037B - Electrostatic discharge brush and arrangement method - Google Patents
Electrostatic discharge brush and arrangement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114671037B CN114671037B CN202210596810.2A CN202210596810A CN114671037B CN 114671037 B CN114671037 B CN 114671037B CN 202210596810 A CN202210596810 A CN 202210596810A CN 114671037 B CN114671037 B CN 114671037B
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
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- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D45/00—Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for
- B64D45/02—Lightning protectors; Static dischargers
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electrostatic discharge brush and an arrangement method, in particular to the field of airplane electrostatic discharge equipment, and the arrangement method comprises the following steps: step S1: determining the overall minimum number of electrostatic discharge brushes based on the aircraft structure itself; step S2: calculating the total discharge efficiency of the total minimum number of the electrostatic discharge brushes, and judging whether the flying safety standard of the airplane can be met or not based on the total discharge efficiency; step S3: the number of electrostatic discharge brushes arranged in the wing region and the ballast region, respectively, is determined based on the overall minimum number of electrostatic discharge brushes. The number and the placement positions of the discharge brushes selected by the arrangement method are beneficial to improving the flight safety performance of the airplane, the shapes of the discharge brushes are adjusted to present the static discharge brushes in different styles, and in the arrangement method of the static discharge brushes, two kinds of discharge brushes in different styles are not needed, but the static discharge brushes in the needed styles can be presented only by changing the matching installation mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of airplane electrostatic discharge equipment, in particular to an electrostatic discharge brush and an arrangement method.
Background
During the flight of an airplane, static electricity is accumulated on the surface of the airplane due to the frictional collision with particles such as rain, snow, ice particles and dust. Static charges that build up at the point of impact where the surface frictionally collides with the particle, without being treated, are transferred to the aircraft surface to the tip of the aircraft. Static discharge occurs when a static charge builds up at the aircraft tip where air breakdown can occur. These electrostatic discharges can threaten the flight safety of the aircraft. As an important device of the electrostatic discharge, the electrostatic discharge brush needs to be arranged in number and placement position determined according to the structure, flying environment, and the like of the aircraft.
However, when the existing electrostatic discharge brushes are arranged on an airplane, most of the existing electrostatic discharge brushes are arranged by ground through the experience of engineers, the number and the positions of the arrangement schemes cannot be scientifically determined, and the arrangement method is not scientific and strict.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an electrostatic discharge brush and an arrangement method, and aims to solve the problems that: the existing electrostatic discharge brush arrangement method cannot scientifically determine the number and arrangement positions of the electrostatic discharge brushes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an arrangement method of electrostatic discharge brushes, comprising an arrangement of trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes, and arranging the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes in parallel to a flying direction of an aircraft, the arrangement method comprising the steps of:
step S1: determining the total minimum number x of trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes based on the structure of the airplane;
step S2: calculating the total discharge efficiency of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes with the minimum number x of the total discharge efficiency, and judging whether the flying safety standard of the airplane can be met or not based on the total discharge efficiency;
step S21: if the safety standard of the airplane flight can be met, the step S3 is continuously executed; if the flight safety standard of the airplane cannot be met, the total minimum number x of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes is increased, and the step S2 is executed again;
step S3: determining the number of trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes respectively arranged in the wing area and the stabilizing surface area based on the total minimum number x of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes;
step S31: the number of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge in a single wing area is M, the number of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge in a stable area is N, M + N = x, M is more than or equal to (x-N)/2, 2N is more than or equal to M is more than or equal to N, and M and N are positive integers;
step S32: based on the number M of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes in the wing area, M-1 trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes are sequentially arranged in the direction of the body at a distance larger than 0.3M by taking the wing tip as an initial point, and (N-1)/2 trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes are sequentially arranged in the direction of two sides at a distance larger than 0.3M by taking the stabilizing surface tip as an initial point;
step S33: based on the number and the arrangement positions of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes, the overall discharge efficiency of the electrostatic discharge brushes is verified through simulation, and the verification result of the discharge efficiency of the electrostatic discharge brushes in the simulation is recorded and stored.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the aircraft itself is configured to determine the total minimum number x of the electrostatic discharge brushes required for the trailing edge type based on the span length for a given aircraft span length, and in step S2, the total discharge efficiency of the electrostatic discharge brushes is determined based on 80% of the total minimum number x.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step S2, the required number of the electrostatic discharge brushes is determined based on the net charging current of the aircraft, which is expressed by the following equation:
wherein:
I T : aircraft charging current, a;
v: aircraft speed, m/s;
A eff : effective charging area, m 2;
q p : charge deposited by individual particles, C/particle;
c: particle concentration, particles/m 3;
and has the following components:
；
A pf : actual incident front area, m 2;
k 1: the effective area coefficient is less than or equal to 1;
the net charging current of the aircraft is represented by the following equation:
wherein:
n is 80% of the total number x of the electrostatic discharge brushes;
I e : discharge current of a single electrostatic discharge brush, a;
the discharge current of a single electrostatic discharge brush is represented by the following equation:
wherein:
e: the field strength, V/m, at the location where the electrostatic discharge brushes are disposed;
E 0 : constant, taking 27.7 KV/cm;
m 0 : a constant related to the roughness of the surface of the electrostatic discharge brush, wherein the rougher the surface of the electrostatic discharge brush is, the smaller m0 is;
k 2: the proportionality constant, herein designated 0.01;
r: radius, cm, of the resistance rod of the electrostatic discharge brush;
judging whether the number of the arranged electrostatic discharge brushes with the total minimum number x can reach the working standard or not based on the step S21, if so, directly outputting the total minimum number of the electrostatic discharge brushes; if not, the number x of the electrostatic discharge brushes is increased, and x = x + 1.
The utility model provides an electrostatic discharge brush, be applied to in the arrangement method of above-mentioned electrostatic discharge brush, the on-line screen storage device comprises a base, the mounting groove has been seted up at the top of base, can dismantle in the mounting groove and be connected with the connecting block, the top fixedly connected with discharge rod of connecting block, the tip fixedly connected with discharge end that the connecting block was kept away from to the discharge rod, one side of base is equipped with first bolt and second bolt, the connecting block is installed in the mounting groove through first bolt and second bolt, a plurality of screws have been seted up to one side of connecting block, the second bolt is through the screw cooperation with different positions, change the form of connecting block.
By adopting the technical scheme, the electrostatic discharge brush in a required style can be presented by changing the matching installation mode, and the applicability of the electrostatic discharge brush is favorably improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the front and rear inner walls of the mounting groove are respectively provided with a limiting groove, a first contact plate and a second contact plate are movably arranged between the inner parts of the two limiting grooves, the first contact plate is fixedly connected with the second contact plate, the first contact plate and the second contact plate are obliquely arranged, the surface area of the second contact plate is larger than that of the first contact plate, and the contact area of the bottom surface of the connecting block with the first contact plate and the second contact plate is changed through different self forms of the connecting block.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, change the area of contact between connecting block and the base, realize that the area of contact between connecting block and the base changes to adapt to the overlap resistance under the different states of electrostatic discharge brush.
In a preferred embodiment, elastic members are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the first contact plate and the second contact plate, the bottom ends of the elastic members are mounted at the bottom of a groove of the mounting groove, a first expansion bag and a second expansion bag are respectively arranged on two sides of the notch of the mounting groove, two first expansion strips are integrally arranged on the side face, close to the connecting block, of the first expansion bag, two second expansion strips are integrally arranged on the side face, close to the connecting block, of the second expansion bag, and gaps between the connecting block and the mounting groove are filled with the first expansion bag, the first expansion strips, the second expansion bags and the second expansion strips.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, avoid this electrostatic discharge brush because the deformation makes the contact plate contact with the outside air easily, causes the corrosion to the contact surface.
In a preferred embodiment, a control valve is installed at the bottom of the installation groove, and the control valve is driven by the pressure of the deformation of the second contact plate to control the opening and closing states of the gas passage when the first and second expansion bladders are respectively expanded.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, first inflation bag and second inflation bag fill in the gap between connecting block and the mounting groove, can avoid this electrostatic discharge brush because the deformation lets the contact plate contact with outside air easily, causes the corrosion to the contact surface.
In a preferred embodiment, the control valve comprises a valve body, the valve body is fixedly installed at the bottom of the groove of the installation groove, a partition plate is fixedly installed at the middle position inside the valve body and separates the inside of the valve body into a first passage and a second passage, a valve core is arranged in the valve body and movably penetrates through the partition plate, the valve core is a cylinder with a thin neck-shaped middle part, a driving rod is fixedly connected to the top end of the valve core, the top end of the driving rod extends out of the valve body and is linearly moved under the pressure of a second contact plate, and a reset spring is sleeved on the rod wall of the driving rod.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the electrostatic discharge brush was the wingtip type, connecting block and second contact board contact, the actuating lever received the pressure of second contact board, and the case state changes, and passageway two communicates, and the inflation of second expansion bag fills connecting block and the left gap of mounting groove.
In a preferred embodiment, a limiting plate is fixedly embedded on the side surface, close to the connecting block, of the first expansion bag, the limiting plate and the first contact plate are combined to form an L-shaped structure, the L-shaped structure is matched with the end portion of the connecting block, a positioning plate is fixedly embedded on the top portion of the second expansion bag, corrugated teeth are arranged on the side surface, far away from the second expansion bag, of the positioning plate, corrugated ribs are arranged on one side, close to the second expansion bag, of the connecting block, and the corrugated teeth and the corrugated ribs are matched to form a locking structure.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, be convenient for counterpoint the screw fast, improve the packaging efficiency of electrostatic discharge brush.
In a preferred embodiment, a limiting plate is fixedly embedded on the side face, close to the connecting block, of the first expansion bag, the limiting plate and the first contact plate are combined to form an L-shaped structure, the L-shaped structure is matched with the end portion of the connecting block, a positioning plate is fixedly embedded on the top of the second expansion bag, corrugated teeth are arranged on the side face, far away from the second expansion bag, of the positioning plate, corrugated ribs are arranged on one side, close to the second expansion bag, of the connecting block, and the corrugated teeth and the corrugated ribs are matched to form a locking structure.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. the number and the placement positions of the static discharge brushes selected by the arrangement method are scientific and reasonable, the best discharge performance can be achieved, and the flight safety performance of the airplane can be improved;
2. the deformable electrostatic discharge brush is arranged to present the electrostatic discharge brushes in different styles, two electrostatic discharge brushes in different styles are not needed in the arrangement of the electrostatic discharge brush, and the electrostatic discharge brush in the needed style can be presented only by changing the matching installation mode, so that the applicability of the electrostatic discharge brush is favorably improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a logic diagram of the present invention for determining whether the net airplane charging current meets airplane flight safety standards;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an ESD brush according to the present invention disposed on an aircraft;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an ESD brush according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an electrostatic discharge brush of the present invention, which is a wingtip type discharge brush;
FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of a structure in which the electrostatic discharge brush of the present invention is a trailing edge type discharge brush;
FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view of the structure of the electrostatic discharge brush of the present invention, which is a wingtip type discharge brush;
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a second bladder in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic top view of the first bladder of the present invention in an inflated condition;
FIG. 10 is a schematic top plan view of the second bladder of the present invention in its inflated condition;
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of the construction of the control valve of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the control valve of the present invention when pressurized;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of the structure of FIG. 5 at A in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of the structure of FIG. 6 at B in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of the structure of FIG. 7 at C according to the present invention.
The reference signs are: 1. a base; 11. a first bolt; 12. a second bolt; 13. mounting grooves; 14. a first contact plate; 15. a second contact plate; 16. an elastic member; 17. a limiting groove; 2. connecting blocks; 21. a screw hole; 22. corrugated edges; 3. a discharge rod; 31. a discharge tip; 4. a first inflation bladder; 41. a first expandable strip; 42. a limiting plate; 5. a second inflatable bladder; 51. a second expandable strip; 52. positioning a plate; 6. a control valve; 61. a valve body; 62. a partition plate; 63. a valve core; 64. a drive rod.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
Referring to the attached fig. 1 to 3 of the specification, the arrangement method of the electrostatic discharge brushes comprises the arrangement of trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes, and the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes are arranged in parallel to the flight direction of an airplane, and the arrangement method comprises the following steps:
step S1: determining the total minimum number x of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes based on the structure of the airplane;
step S2: calculating the total discharge efficiency of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes with the total minimum number x, and judging whether the flight safety standard of the airplane can be met or not based on the total discharge efficiency;
step S21: if the safety standard of the airplane flight can be met, the step S3 is continuously executed; if the flight safety standard of the airplane cannot be met, the total minimum number x of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes is increased, and the step S2 is executed again;
step S3: determining the number of trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes respectively arranged in the wing area and the stabilizing surface area based on the total minimum number x of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes;
step S31: the number of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge in a single wing area is M, the number of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge in a stable area is N, M + N = x, M is more than or equal to (x-N)/2, 2N is more than or equal to M is more than or equal to N, and M and N are positive integers;
step S32: based on the number M of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes in the wing area, M-1 trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes are sequentially arranged in the direction of the body at a distance larger than 0.3M by taking the wing tip as an initial point, and (N-1)/2 trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes are sequentially arranged in the direction of two sides at a distance larger than 0.3M by taking the stabilizing surface tip as an initial point;
step S33: and based on the number and the arrangement positions of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes, simulating and verifying the overall discharge efficiency of the electrostatic discharge brushes, and recording and storing verification results of the discharge efficiency of the electrostatic discharge brushes in simulation.
Table 1 lists the total minimum number of trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes required for a given span length (meter) standard. This number allows a loss of 20% and also satisfies the requirement of defining the minimum number of CDL (structural deviation from the list) for each bump, i.e. the discharge current (discharge efficiency) of the total minimum number x of electrostatic discharge brushes is calculated in advance and is 80% of the discharge current (discharge efficiency) of the total minimum number x, and the net charge current of the aircraft flight obtained by this number is used to judge whether the safety standard of the aircraft flight can be satisfied, and under this standard, the requirement of defining CDL can be satisfied by the total minimum number x of trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes.
Table 1: total number of trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes
A good design for small aircraft is to place at least one trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brush per wingtip, at least one trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brush per stabilizer tip, e.g. per horizontal stabilizer tip and vertical stabilizer tip, even under CDL (off-list configuration) conditions.
For larger aircraft, half of the electrostatic discharge brushes are placed on the wings and the other half are distributed on the horizontal and vertical stabilizers. The first electrostatic discharge brush is placed on the most protruded wing surface, the second electrostatic discharge brush is placed at the position 0.5m inward of the first electrostatic discharge brush, and the rest electrostatic discharge brushes on the same wing surface are placed at the position 0.5-1 m adjacent to the discharge brush. The position of the electrostatic discharge brush can be slightly adjusted inwards or outwards, and the installation and the positioning are convenient. In any event, it should be avoided that the static discharge brushes are separated by less than 30cm so as not to shield each other.
The concentration of electrostatic discharge (i.e., corona) is highest at the trailing edge of any aircraft nose (e.g., wingtip winglet, wingtip, where the radius is small) and is lower at the inboard trailing edge, where the radius of curvature is generally larger. The surface of the other inner side is typically electrostatically shielded by the protrusions. The electrostatic discharge brush is therefore placed most effectively on the rim of the tip where the electric field is strongest. The electrostatic discharge is most effective at the trailing edge because the electrostatic charge is carried away by the airflow.
In step S1, the aircraft itself is configured to determine a total minimum number x of the electrostatic discharge brushes required for the trailing edge type based on the span length for a given aircraft span length, and in step S2, the total discharge efficiency of the electrostatic discharge brushes is determined based on 80% of the total minimum number x.
The wing tip of a small airplane is at least provided with a trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brush, the tip of a stabilizing surface of the small airplane is also at least provided with a trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brush, the number of the electrostatic discharge brushes of the wing and the stabilizing surface of a larger airplane is the same, and the distance between adjacent electrostatic discharge brushes is at least more than 0.3 m.
In said step S2, the required number of the electrostatic discharge brushes is determined based on the net charging current of the aircraft, which is expressed by the following equation:
wherein:
I T : aircraft charging current, a;
v: aircraft speed, m/s;
A eff : effective charging area, m 2;
q p : charge deposited by individual particles, C/particle;
c: particle concentration, particles/m 3;
and has the following components:
；
A pf : actual incident front area, m 2;
k 1: the effective area coefficient is less than or equal to 1;
the net charge current of the aircraft is represented by the following equation:
wherein:
n is 80% of the total number x of the electrostatic discharge brushes;
I e : discharge current of a single electrostatic discharge brush, a;
the discharge current of a single electrostatic discharge brush is represented by the following equation:
wherein:
e: the field strength, V/m, at the location where the electrostatic discharge brushes are disposed;
E 0 : constant, taking 27.7 KV/cm;
m 0 : a constant related to the roughness of the surface of the electrostatic discharge brush, the rougher the surface of the electrostatic discharge brush, the smaller m 0;
k 2: the proportionality constant, herein denoted 0.01;
r: radius, cm, of the resistance rod of the electrostatic discharge brush;
judging whether the number of the arranged electrostatic discharge brushes with the overall minimum number x can reach the working standard or not based on the step S21, if so, directly outputting the overall minimum number of the electrostatic discharge brushes; if not, the number x of the electrostatic discharge brushes is increased, and x = x + 1.
Determinants of aircraft static charge deposition are the flight speed of the aircraft, the concentration of particles in the traversing environment in which the aircraft is flying, and the amount of charge transferred by individual particles;
it should be noted that the net charging current of the aircraft is the difference between the charging current and the discharging current of the aircraft, so the total discharging performance of the electrostatic discharging brushes arranged on the aircraft can meet the flight safety standard of the aircraft, and the arrangement number of the electrostatic discharging brushes can be controlled to enable the net charging current of the aircraft to be at a safe potential.
In this embodiment, the implementation scenario specifically includes: the optimal arrangement position of each electrostatic discharge brush is selected, so that the overall electrostatic discharge efficiency of the electrostatic discharge brushes is the best, and the radio frequency noise is the lowest.
In the arrangement of the electrostatic discharge brushes, a first electrostatic discharge brush is arranged at the most protruding part of the wing surface, and a second electrostatic discharge brush is arranged at the position which is less than or equal to 0.5m inwards; when the electrostatic discharge brushes are placed on the same wing surface, the adjacent distance between the electrostatic discharge brushes is 0.5 m-1 m; in order to prevent the static discharge brushes from shielding each other, the distance between adjacent static discharge brushes is at least more than 0.3 m.
From the characteristics of electrostatic discharge, the protruding part of the airplane is the most concentrated place of electrostatic discharge, the inner rear edge with larger curvature radius is lower, and the surface of the inner side is electrostatically shielded by the convex part, so that the electrostatic discharge brush is most effectively installed on the end edge with the strongest electric field; the best electrostatic discharge is achieved by placing the electrostatic discharge brush at the trailing edge, considering that the leakage current can be carried away by the air flow.
The electrostatic discharge brush includes a wing tip type electrostatic discharge brush in addition to a trailing edge type. The wingtip type discharge brushes are usually installed on the outermost trailing edge of the wings and the stabilizer, not only playing a role of electrostatic discharge, but also playing a role of protecting the outer trailing edge from electrostatic deposition when the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes are damaged or lost.
Note that, for the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brush (as in the state a in fig. 4), the inclination angle with the mounting surface is larger than that of the wingtip type electrostatic discharge brush (as in the state b in fig. 4 and as shown in fig. 5 and 13).
As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 13, an electrostatic discharge brush used in the above method for arranging an electrostatic discharge brush includes a base 1, a mounting groove 13 is formed at the top of the base 1, a connecting block 2 is detachably mounted in the mounting groove 13, a discharge rod 3 is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting block 2, a discharge end 31 is fixedly connected to an end of the discharge rod 3 away from the connecting block 2, a first bolt 11 and a second bolt 12 are arranged on one side of the base 1, the connecting block 2 is mounted in the mounting groove 13 through the first bolt 11 and the second bolt 12, a plurality of screw holes 21 are formed on one side of the connecting block 2, and the second bolt 12 is matched with the screw holes 21 at different positions to change the shape of the connecting block 2;
it should be noted that, the connecting block 2 is movably connected in the mounting groove 13 by the first bolt 11, and the connecting block 2 can rotate around the first bolt 11, when the second bolt 12 is matched with the screw hole 21 located below, the whole electrostatic discharge brush is in the state of a in fig. 4, and at this time, the electrostatic discharge brush is a trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brush, and when the second bolt 12 is matched with the screw hole 21 located above, the whole electrostatic discharge brush is in the state of b in fig. 4 and the types in fig. 5 and 13, and at this time, the electrostatic discharge brush is a trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brush.
As shown in fig. 6, 7, 14 and 15, the front and rear inner walls of the mounting groove 13 are respectively provided with a limiting groove 17, a first contact plate 14 and a second contact plate 15 are movably arranged between the two limiting grooves 17, the first contact plate 14 is fixedly connected with the second contact plate 15, the first contact plate 14 and the second contact plate 15 are obliquely arranged, the surface area of the second contact plate 15 is larger than that of the first contact plate 14, and the contact area of the bottom surface of the connecting block 2 with the first contact plate 14 and the second contact plate 15 is changed by the connecting block 2 according to different self shapes;
it should be noted that, when the electrostatic discharge brush is in the state a in fig. 4, the connection block 2 is in contact with the first contact plate 14, that is, the contact area between the connection block 2 and the base 1 is the surface area of the upper surface of the first contact plate 14; when the electrostatic discharge brush is in the state b in fig. 4, the connection block 2 is in contact with the second contact plate 15, that is, the contact area between the connection block 2 and the base 1 is the surface area of the upper surface of the second contact plate 15;
it should be further noted that the overlap resistance range of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brush is 6-200M Ω, and the overlap resistance range of the wingtip type electrostatic discharge brush is 6-120M Ω, so when the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brush is changed to the wingtip type electrostatic discharge brush, the overlap resistance needs to be changed, in the present invention, the change is realized by changing the contact area between the connection block 2 and the base 1, when the state is changed from the state a to the state b in fig. 4, the contact area between the connection block 2 and the base 1 is increased, thereby reducing the overlap resistance of the whole electrostatic discharge brush.
As shown in fig. 6 to 10, the bottoms of the first contact plate 14 and the second contact plate 15 are fixedly connected with an elastic member 16, the bottom end of the elastic member 16 is installed at the bottom of the groove of the installation groove 13, the two sides of the notch of the installation groove 13 are respectively provided with a first expansion bag 4 and a second expansion bag 5, the side of the first expansion bag 4 close to the connection block 2 is integrally provided with two first expansion strips 41, the side of the second expansion bag 5 close to the connection block 2 is integrally provided with two second expansion strips 51, and the first expansion bag 4, the first expansion strips 41, the second expansion bag 5 and the second expansion strips 51 fill the gap between the connection block 2 and the installation groove 13;
the elastic member 16 may be a spring or an elastic corrugated tube or other structure having elasticity and recovering to its own deformation, and the elastic member 16 may not only help the first contact plate 14 and the second contact plate 15 to recover to an initial state when not stressed, but also provide elasticity when the second contact plate 15 contacts the bottom of the connection block 2, so as to increase the contact pressure between the second contact plate 15 and the bottom of the connection block 2, thereby further reducing the resistance overlap resistance;
the first expansion bag 4 and the second expansion bag 5 fill the gap between the connecting block 2 and the mounting groove 13, so that the contact plate is easy to contact with the external air due to deformation of the electrostatic discharge brush to prevent the contact surface from being rusted, the service cycle of the electrostatic discharge brush is prolonged, and the corrosion resistance is improved;
in actual use, when the first expansion bag 4 and the second expansion bag 5 are in high altitude along with an airplane, the first expansion bag 4 and the second expansion bag 5 can be further expanded at high pressure due to the fact that the high altitude air pressure is small, and sealing effect in actual use scenes can be further improved.
As shown in fig. 6, 7, 11, 12, 14 and 15, the control valve 6 is installed at the bottom of the installation groove 13, and the control valve 6 is driven by the pressure of the deformation of the second contact plate 15 to control the opening and closing state of the gas passage when the first and second expansion bladders 4 and 5 are respectively expanded.
As shown in fig. 6, 7, 11, 12, 14 and 15, the control valve 6 includes a valve body 61, the valve body 61 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the groove of the installation groove 13, a partition plate 62 is fixedly installed at a middle position inside the valve body 61, the partition plate 62 partitions the inside of the valve body 61 into a first passage and a second passage, a valve core 63 is installed inside the valve body 61, the valve core 63 controls the communication between the first passage and the second passage, the valve core 63 movably penetrates through the partition plate 62, the valve core 63 is a cylinder with a thin neck-shaped middle portion, a driving rod 64 is fixedly connected to the top end of the valve core 63, the top end of the driving rod 64 extends out of the valve body 61 and is linearly moved by the pressure of the second contact plate 15, and a return spring is sleeved on the rod wall of the driving rod 64.
It should be noted that the first inflation bag 4 and the second inflation bag 5 are communicated through two catheters to form a continuous closed air pressure passage, the two catheters are a passage one and a passage two respectively, the passage one is a one-way passage through which the second inflation bag 5 can only intake air into the first inflation bag 4, the passage two is a one-way passage through which the first inflation bag 4 can only intake air into the second inflation bag 5, the control valve 6 simultaneously controls the opening and closing conditions of the one-way passage one and the two-way passage two to realize that the first inflation bag 4 and the second inflation bag 5 are respectively inflated, and the driving force of the gas flow in the catheter corresponding to the passage one and the two is changed by the connecting block 2, so that the pressure on the inflation bags is changed to press the first inflation bag 4 or the second inflation bag 5, and one bag cavity is always expanded and one bag cavity is shrunk;
it should be further noted that, when the electrostatic discharge brush is of a trailing edge type, the first passage is communicated, the second passage is closed, and at this time, the first expansion bladder 4 expands, and the second expansion bladder 5 does not expand, so that a gap between the connecting block 2 and the right side of the mounting groove 13 is mainly filled; when the electrostatic discharge brush is in a wing tip shape, the second passage is communicated, the first passage is closed, the first expansion bag 4 is not expanded, the second expansion bag 5 is expanded, and gaps on the left sides of the connecting block 2 and the mounting groove 13 are mainly filled; as shown in fig. 10, since the first expansion bladder 4 and the two first expansion strips 41 are U-shaped in plan view, and the second expansion bladder 5 and the second expansion strips 51 are U-shaped in plan view, the side edges of the two expansion bladders are tightly attached to each other, and the gaps between the connection block 2 and the mounting groove 13 at the front and rear sides can be filled, so that the inside and the outside of the mounting groove 13 are completely isolated by the expansion bladders, the sealing effect of the electrostatic discharge brush is ensured, and the corrosion resistance is further improved;
when the electrostatic discharge brush is in a trailing edge type, the second contact plate 15 is not in contact with the driving rod 64, the driving rod 64 is not stressed, and the first passage is communicated; when the electrostatic discharge brush is in a wingtip shape, the second contact plate 15 is pressed by the connecting block 2, so that the driving rod 64 is pressed downwards, the state of the valve core 63 is changed, the valve core 63 seals the first passage and is communicated with the second passage, specifically, the upper part and the lower part of the inner cavity of the valve body 61 are respectively provided with a baffle, the valve core 63 penetrates through the baffle, when the middle thin neck part of the valve core 63 is matched with the baffle, the passages corresponding to the baffle can be communicated, the one-way control of air flow in the two passages is realized, the first expansion bag 4 and the second expansion bag 5 are respectively expanded, and the sealing property inside the mounting groove 13 is ensured.
In this embodiment, the implementation scenario specifically includes: when the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brush is needed, the second bolt 12 on the base 1 is matched and connected with the screw hole 21 located below, the connecting block 2 is in contact with the first contact plate 14, the lap resistance is 6-200M omega, in the state, the first passage is communicated, the first expansion bag 4 is expanded, and gaps between the connecting block 2 and the right side of the mounting groove 13 are mainly filled; when the wingtip type electrostatic discharge brush is needed, the second bolt 12 is matched with the screw hole 21 located above the second bolt, the connecting block 2 is in contact with the second contact plate 15, the overlap resistance is 6-120M omega, the driving rod 64 is pressed, the valve core 63 is changed in state, the second expansion bag 5 is communicated with the second passage, the gap between the connecting block 2 and the left side of the mounting groove 13 is mainly filled, however, when the electrostatic discharge brush is in any state, the gap between the connecting block 2 and the mounting groove 13 is filled by the first expansion bag 4 and the second expansion bag 5, and the inside and the outside of the mounting groove 13 are isolated.
The side face, close to the connecting block 2, of the first expansion bag 4 is fixedly embedded with a limiting plate 42, the limiting plate 42 and the first contact plate 14 are combined to form an L-shaped structure, the L-shaped structure is matched with the end portion of the connecting block 2, the top portion of the second expansion bag 5 is fixedly embedded with a positioning plate 52, the side face, far away from the second expansion bag 5, of the positioning plate 52 is provided with corrugated teeth, one side, close to the second expansion bag 5, of the connecting block 2 is provided with corrugated ribs 22, and the corrugated teeth and the corrugated ribs 22 are matched to form a locking structure.
The connecting block 2 is in a structural style as shown in fig. 6 and 14, the left side of the connecting block is a vertical surface, the lower corner of the left end is a right angle, the bottom surface is provided with an inclined surface which is continuous with a horizontal plane besides a horizontal surface, and the right side surface of the connecting block is a vertical inclined surface; when the electrostatic discharge brush is used as a trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brush, the horizontal surface of the connection block 2 is in contact with the first contact plate 14, and the inclined surface is not in contact with the second contact plate 15; when the electrostatic discharge brush is used as a trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brush, the inclined surface of the connection block 2 is in contact with the second contact plate 15;
because this kind of structure pattern of connecting block 2 to and the screw 21 is used in a plurality of installations of seting up on connecting block 2, consequently in connecting block 2 and base 1 cooperation installation, need to operate to the hole, and the degree of difficulty of operating to the hole has been improved to the pattern of a plurality of screws 21, the fast assembly of being not convenient for.
In this embodiment, the implementation scenario specifically includes: when the connecting block 2 and the base 1 are assembled to each other, the left side of the connecting block 2 is firstly tightly attached to the positioning plate 42 (the vertical surface of the connecting block 2 is ensured to be parallel to the positioning plate 42) and then is vertically pushed into the mounting groove 13 until the left side of the bottom of the connecting block 2 is contacted with the first contact plate 14, a worker feels resistance and stops pressing the connecting block 2, at the moment, the screw hole 21 just corresponds to the mounting hole in the base 1 or slightly deflects, but the bolt can be rapidly matched with the screw hole 21 in the connecting block 2 along with the insertion of the first bolt 11 and the second bolt 12, even if the worker does not feel the resistance, the worker continues pressing the connecting block 2, the control valve 6 is pressed and conducted, the top of the second expansion bag 5 is expanded, the worker can judge the corresponding position of the connecting block 2 in the base 1 through the state of the second expansion bag 5 (the position of the screw hole 21 is slightly downward, the electric discharge brush can be slightly lifted upwards), which is beneficial for workers to quickly align holes and complete the installation work of the electrostatic discharge brush;
when the other screw hole 21 is matched with the second bolt 12 to be used as a wing tip type electrostatic discharge brush for hole alignment, the left end corner of the connecting block 2 is inserted into the L-shaped structure, the connecting block 2 is driven to rotate along the L-shaped structure as an axis, the inclined plane at the bottom of the connecting block 2 is in contact with the second contact plate 15 to be pressed, the top of the first expansion bag 4 is subjected to the friction force of the inclined plane at the right side of the connecting block 2 along with the fact that the inclined plane at the right side of the connecting block 2 continuously extends into the mounting groove 13, the first expansion bag 4 is clockwise turned over, the limiting plate 42 is made to be closer to the corrugated edge 22, air in the second expansion bag 5 is continuously pressed into the second expansion bag 5, the second expansion bag 5 is made to expand, the positioning plate 52 is inclined along with the movement of the vertical plane at the left side of the connecting block 2, and the sealing effect of the second expansion bag 5 on the mounting groove 13 and the hole at the left side of the connecting block 2 is further improved; when the limiting plate 42 contacts the corrugated edge 22, the corrugated teeth on the limiting plate 42 and the corrugated edge 22 form a locking structure in which the corrugated teeth are correspondingly clamped, so that the connecting block 2 is limited to continue rotating and pressing the second contact plate, and at the moment, the screw hole 21 positioned above the connecting block can be just matched with the second bolt 12, so that the function of quickly positioning and assembling the hole is realized; the arris tooth corresponds the block and is similar to two pinion rack intermeshing and is in the same place, not only can restrict the position of connecting block 2, still through the mode of block, has improved the sealed effect of first inflation bag 4 to mounting groove 13 and connecting block 2 right side hole, guarantees the practicality of this electrostatic discharge brush.
The installation process of the electrostatic discharge brush on an airplane comprises the following steps:
firstly, cleaning the metal surface and the surface of a base 1 by using a cleaning wipe and a cleaning agent to completely remove dust or dirt, and removing a paint layer and an oxide layer if the surface has the paint layer and the oxide layer; after the adhesive at the bonding position of the electrostatic discharge brush and the airplane body is cured, the adhesive must seep out from the bottom of the whole electrostatic discharge brush fixing seat, and finally the seeped adhesive is scraped by a scraper and trimmed, if the installation surface of the airplane is non-conductive, electrical connection is provided between the electrostatic discharge brush installation base and the nearest conductive airplane structure.
Table 2 gives data on the characteristics and performance of the electrostatic discharge brushes described above in two different forms;
table 2: electrostatic discharge brush characteristic
And finally: the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An arrangement method of electrostatic discharge brushes comprises the arrangement of trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes, and enables the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes to be arranged in parallel with the flight direction of an airplane, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: determining the total minimum number x of trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes based on the structure of the airplane;
step S2: calculating the total discharge efficiency of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes with the total minimum number x, and judging whether the flight safety standard of the airplane can be met or not based on the total discharge efficiency;
step S21: if the safety standard of the airplane flight can be met, the step S3 is continuously executed; if the flight safety standard of the airplane cannot be met, the total minimum number x of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes is increased, and the step S2 is executed again;
step S3: determining the number of trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes respectively arranged in the wing area and the stabilizing surface area based on the total minimum number x of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes;
step S31: the number of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes in a single wing area is M, and the number of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes in a stable surface area is N;
step S32: based on the number M of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes in the wing area, taking a wing tip as an initial point, sequentially arranging M-1 trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes in the direction of a machine body at a distance larger than 0.3M, and based on the number N of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes in the stabilizing area, sequentially arranging (N-1)/2 trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes in the direction of two sides at a distance larger than 0.3M by taking a stabilizing surface tip as an initial point;
step S33: based on the number and the arrangement positions of the trailing edge type electrostatic discharge brushes, the overall discharge efficiency of the electrostatic discharge brushes is verified through simulation, and the verification result of the discharge efficiency of the electrostatic discharge brushes in simulation is recorded and stored;
in said step S2, the required number of the electrostatic discharge brushes is determined based on the net charging current of the aircraft, which is expressed by the following equation:
wherein:
I T : aircraft charging current, a;
v: aircraft speed, m/s;
A eff : effective charging area, m 2;
q p : charge deposited by individual particles, C/particle;
c: particle concentration, particles/m 3;
and has the following components:
；
A pf : actual incident front area, m 2;
k 1: the effective area coefficient is less than or equal to 1;
the net charge current of the aircraft is represented by the following equation:
wherein:
n is 80% of the total number x of the electrostatic discharge brushes;
I e : discharge current of a single electrostatic discharge brush, a;
the discharge current of a single electrostatic discharge brush is represented by the following equation:
wherein:
e: the field strength, V/m, at the location where the electrostatic discharge brushes are disposed;
E 0 : constant, taking 27.7 KV/cm;
m 0 : a constant related to the roughness of the surface of the electrostatic discharge brush, the rougher the surface of the electrostatic discharge brush, the smaller m 0;
k 2: the proportionality constant, herein designated 0.01;
r: radius, cm, of the electrostatic discharge brush resistance bar;
judging whether the number of the arranged electrostatic discharge brushes with the overall minimum number x can reach the working standard or not based on the step S21, if so, directly outputting the overall minimum number of the electrostatic discharge brushes; if not, the number x of the electrostatic discharge brushes is increased, and x = x + 1.
2. The method of arranging an electrostatic discharge brush according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the aircraft itself is configured to determine a total minimum number x of the electrostatic discharge brushes required for the trailing edge type based on the span length for a given aircraft span length, and in step S2, the total discharge efficiency of the electrostatic discharge brushes is determined based on 80% of the total minimum number x.
3. An electrostatic discharge brush used in the method for arranging an electrostatic discharge brush according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: including base (1), mounting groove (13) have been seted up at the top of base (1), can dismantle in mounting groove (13) and be connected with connecting block (2), the top fixedly connected with discharge rod (3) of connecting block (2), tip fixedly connected with discharge end (31) of connecting block (2) are kept away from in discharge rod (3), one side of base (1) is equipped with first bolt (11) and second bolt (12), install in mounting groove (13) connecting block (2) through first bolt (11) and second bolt (12), a plurality of screws (21) have been seted up to one side of connecting block (2), second bolt (12) through the screw (21) cooperation with different positions, change the form of connecting block (2).
4. The electrostatic discharge brush according to claim 3, characterized in that: all seted up spacing groove (17) on two inner walls of front and back of mounting groove (13), two the activity is equipped with first contact board (14) and second contact board (15) between spacing groove (17) inside, first contact board (14) and second contact board (15) fixed connection, just first contact board (14) are the slope setting with second contact board (15), the surface area of second contact board (15) is greater than the surface area of first contact board (14), connecting block (2) are through different self forms, change the area of connecting block (2) bottom surface and first contact board (14) and second contact board (15) contact.
5. The electrostatic discharge brush according to claim 4, characterized in that: elastic component (16) are all connected to the bottom of first contact board (14) and second contact board (15), the tank bottom in mounting groove (13) is installed to the bottom of elastic component (16), the notch department both sides of mounting groove (13) are equipped with first inflation bag (4) and second inflation bag (5) respectively, the side an organic whole that first inflation bag (4) are close to connecting block (2) is equipped with two first inflation strips (41), the side an organic whole that second inflation bag (5) are close to connecting block (2) is equipped with two second inflation strips (51), first inflation bag (4), first inflation strip (41), second inflation bag (5) and second inflation strip (51) are full of the gap filling between connecting block (2) and mounting groove (13).
6. The electrostatic discharge brush according to claim 5, characterized in that: and a control valve (6) is installed at the bottom of the mounting groove (13), the control valve (6) is driven by the deformation pressure of the second contact plate (15) to control the opening and closing states of the gas passage when the first expansion bag (4) and the second expansion bag (5) expand respectively.
7. An electrostatic discharge brush according to claim 6, wherein: control valve (6) include valve body (61), the tank bottom in mounting groove (13) is installed in valve body (61), baffle (62) are installed to the inside intermediate position department of valve body (61), just baffle (62) separate into route one and route two with valve body (61) is inside, be equipped with case (63) in valve body (61), just case (63) activity runs through baffle (62), the intercommunication of route one and route two is controlled in case (63).
8. The electrostatic discharge brush according to claim 7, characterized in that: the valve core (63) is a cylinder with a thin neck-shaped middle part, the top end of the valve core (63) is fixedly connected with a driving rod (64), the top end of the driving rod (64) extends out of the valve body (61) and is in linear motion under the pressure of the second contact plate (15), and a reset spring is sleeved on the rod wall of the driving rod (64).
9. The electrostatic discharge brush according to claim 5 or 8, characterized in that: first inflation bag (4) are close to the fixed limiting plate (42) that inlays in side of connecting block (2), limiting plate (42) and first contact plate (14) combination form L shape structure, just the tip looks adaptation of L shape structure and connecting block (2), the fixed locating plate (52) that are equipped with that inlay in top of second inflation bag (5), corrugated tooth has been seted up to the side that second inflation bag (5) were kept away from in locating plate (52), one side that connecting block (2) are close to second inflation bag (5) is equipped with corrugated edge (22), corrugated tooth and corrugated edge (22) cooperation form locking structure.
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| CN118514867B (en) * | 2024-07-19 | 2024-10-01 | 西安爱邦电磁技术有限责任公司 | Patch type electrostatic discharge device and preparation method thereof |
| CN119030103B (en) * | 2024-10-28 | 2025-01-07 | 合肥航太电物理技术有限公司 | Rapid charging device and method for lightning test of miniaturized airplane |
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| CN2157089Y (en) * | 1993-06-03 | 1994-02-23 | 邢晓正 | Automatic electrostatic releaser for car |
| CN204750581U (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-11-11 | 空客(北京)工程技术中心有限公司 | Static discharger and including this static discharger's aircraft |
| CN106032169B (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2023-09-15 | 空客(北京)工程技术中心有限公司 | Static discharger, aircraft, and method for installing static discharger |
| CN211919017U (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-11-13 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Static discharger of airplane |
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