CN114667893A - 一种重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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Abstract
本发明涉及药物栽培技术领域，且公开了一种重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，包括以下步骤：选择地势高、干燥、排水良好的壤土或沙壤土，土地选好后，整地前必须1次施足底肥，每亩施充分腐熟厩肥2500～3000kg，碳铵40kg～45kg，过磷酸钙48kg～53kg和硫酸钾50kg～55kg，一次掩底，深翻30～40cm以上。该重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，通过栽培方式采用搭建大棚内加小拱棚，生根溶液采用KT‑30+NAA+退菌特的组合激素处理液，成活率高、生根率高、根系生长好，其生根率和成活率均达到93.8％以上，通过娘母良高产栽培方法操作简单、成本低廉、成活率高、生根率高、娘母良栽培一般五年后收成，得到丰厚的利润率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物栽培技术领域，具体为一种重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法。
背景技术
佤族医药药材加工简单。佤医一般多用鲜(活)品入药，或仅作切碎凉干或晒干等简单加工即可。动物药中，其肉多配方或单方炖熟食用；皮、毛类则多经炭化后使用，如刺猪毛碳化后研粉内服治流鼻血，狗皮毛碳化后研粉调敷治狗咬伤。阿佤山有丰富的药物资源，但大部分尚待研究开发。娘母良是远志科、远志属植物西南远志的别名，
现有的娘母良栽培后成活率低，生根率低，根系生长条件差，因此需要重新设计栽培技术。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，具备成活率高、生根率高、根系生长好，其生根率和成活率均达到93.8％以上等优点，解决了娘母良栽培后成活率低，生根率低，根系生长条件差的问题。
(二)技术方案
为实现上述成活率高、生根率高、根系生长好，其生根率和成活率均达到93.8％以上目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、选地、整地
选择地势高、干燥、排水良好的壤土或沙壤土，土地选好后，整地前必须1次施足底肥，每亩施充分腐熟厩肥2500～3000kg，碳铵40kg～45kg，过磷酸钙48kg～53kg和硫酸钾50kg～55kg，一次掩底，深翻30～40cm以上，整体时通过耙锁耙使土肥充分混合，达到上虚下实，地平无坷垃，以备移栽；
S2、大棚搭建
建钢结构大拱棚，上盖塑料薄膜，棚长40m～50m，棚宽4m～5m，中心高度3.5m～4m，垅中心线埋设PE管每隔1m～1.5m安装一个雾化折射微喷头喷灌；
S3、栽培
耙细整平，作成平畦，起垅高20～30厘米,采用宽1.2米的平畦,垅面找平，用3％～7％的高锰酸钾溶液对土壤进行消毒，加铺打孔防草布；
S4、种苗
根据上述步骤S3选取经过脱毒的并经云南省林木品种审定委员会审定为良种的‘奕华1号西南远志无性系’组培苗12500～13000棵；
S5、种植
将上述步骤S4将选取的种苗12500～13000棵种植到种植地里，且行距20cm，枝距15cm，每亩种植约12500～13000棵。
优选的，所述步骤S1中，选地用时可以选择熟耕地，肥沃、土层深厚的荒山坡地，也可在林间或玉米地，整地过程中施肥需要按照娘母良对氮磷钾三要素需要的比例1:1.2:1.25进行施肥。
优选的，所述步骤S3中栽培时间可以选择在3～9月份。
优选的，所述步骤S5中，用氯吡脲(KT-30)0.5-1.8mg/L+萘乙酸(NAA)6.1-8.5mg/L+赤霉素(GA)浓度8-10ppm+退菌特1.5-2.0mg/L处理促生根、萌芽。
优选的，所述步骤S5中，种苗种植1个月后每亩喷洒150g植物活化素+100g腐植酸+萘乙酸(NAA)7mg/L+赤霉素(GA)浓度8ppm促进娘母良生长。
优选的，所述步骤S5中，生长期间要使田间无杂草，用小锄浅浅地均匀地锄松地面，将草除掉，保持地表疏松。
优选的，所述步骤S5中，幼苗期须适量浇水保证保苗率外，生长后期通常不需浇水，雨季要注意清沟排水，防止田间积水，种植后从第二年起进行追肥，每年苗返青后，每亩追施饼肥2.5kg、过磷酸钙10kg～15kg，施肥后连浇足水，除根部追肥外，还可叶面喷施钾肥，每年6月中下旬到7月中旬每亩喷1％硫酸钾溶液50kg～60kg或0.3％磷酸二氢钾溶液80kg～100kg，隔10～12天喷1次，连续喷施2～3次。
优选的，所述追肥过程中，在地上部分枯萎后，再施一层腐熟厩肥。施用肥料应符合NY/T 496规定。
优选的，所述步骤S5中，当娘母良成熟后，娘母良栽种5年以上即可收获，采挖时间以秋末春初，刨出鲜根，抖去泥土，阴干即可。
(三)有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明提供了一种重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，具备以下有益效果：
1、该重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，通过栽培方式采用搭建大棚内加小拱棚，生根溶液采用KT-30+NAA+退菌特的组合激素处理液，成活率高、生根率高、根系生长好，其生根率和成活率均达到93.8％以上。
2、该重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，通过娘母良高产栽培方法操作简单、成本低廉、成活率高、生根率高、娘母良栽培一般五年后收成，得到丰厚的利润率，对发展农林经济增加农民收入，保护濒危物种和保持农村稳定具有重要的现实意义。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明的实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一：
一种重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、选地、整地
选择地势高、干燥、排水良好的壤土或沙壤土，土地选好后，整地前必须1次施足底肥，每亩施充分腐熟厩肥2500，碳铵40kg，过磷酸钙48kg和硫酸钾50kg，一次掩底，深翻30以上，整体时通过耙锁耙使土肥充分混合，达到上虚下实，地平无坷垃，以备移栽，选地用时可以选择熟耕地，肥沃、土层深厚的荒山坡地，也可在林间或玉米地，整地过程中施肥需要按照娘母良对氮磷钾三要素需要的比例1:1.2:1.25进行施肥。
S2、大棚搭建
建钢结构大拱棚，上盖塑料薄膜，棚长40m，棚宽4m，中心高度3.5m，垅中心线埋设PE管每隔1m安装一个雾化折射微喷头喷灌；
S3、栽培
耙细整平，作成平畦，起垅高20厘米,采用宽1.2米的平畦,垅面找平，用3％的高锰酸钾溶液对土壤进行消毒，加铺打孔防草布，栽培时间可以选择在3月份。
S4、种苗
根据上述步骤S3选取经过脱毒的并经云南省林木品种审定委员会审定为良种的‘奕华1号西南远志无性系’组培苗12500棵；
S5、种植
将上述步骤S4将选取的种苗12500棵种植到种植地里，且行距20cm，枝距15cm，每亩种植约12500棵，用氯吡脲(KT-30)0.5mg/L+萘乙酸(NAA)6.1mg/L+赤霉素(GA)浓度8-10ppm+退菌特1.5mg/L处理促生根、萌芽。
幼苗期须适量浇水保证保苗率外，生长后期通常不需浇水，雨季要注意清沟排水，防止田间积水，种植后从第二年起进行追肥，每年苗返青后，每亩追施饼肥2.5kg、过磷酸钙10kg，施肥后连浇足水，除根部追肥外，还可叶面喷施钾肥，每年6月中下旬到7月中旬每亩喷1％硫酸钾溶液50kg或0.3％磷酸二氢钾溶液80kg，隔10天喷1次，连续喷施2～3次，追肥过程中，在地上部分枯萎后，再施一层腐熟厩肥。施用肥料应符合NY/T 496规定。
当娘母良成熟后，娘母良栽种5年以上即可收获，采挖时间以秋末春初，刨出鲜根，抖去泥土，阴干即可。
娘母良主要病害是根腐病，其发病初期，根和根茎局部变褐，腐烂；叶柄
基部发生褐色，棱形或椭圆形烂斑，最后叶柄基部烂尽、叶子枯死、根茎腐烂。防治方法:早发现早拔掉并烧毁，病穴用10％石灰水消毒。发病初期也可用50％的多菌灵可湿性粉剂1000倍液进行喷施，隔7天喷1次，连喷2次。叶枯病植株下部叶片开始发病，逐渐向上蔓延。发病初期叶面产生褐色圆形小斑，随后病斑不断扩大，中心部呈灰褐色，最后叶片焦枯，植株死亡。防治方法:用代森锰锌800倍液或瑞毒霉800倍液叶面喷施，一般7天喷一次，两次可控制危害。
实施例二：
一种重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、选地、整地
选择地势高、干燥、排水良好的壤土或沙壤土，土地选好后，整地前必须1次施足底肥，每亩施充分腐熟厩肥2500kg，碳铵40kg，过磷酸钙48kg和硫酸钾50kg，一次掩底，深翻30cm以上，整体时通过耙锁耙使土肥充分混合，达到上虚下实，地平无坷垃，以备移栽，选地用时可以选择熟耕地，肥沃、土层深厚的荒山坡地，也可在林间或玉米地，整地过程中施肥需要按照娘母良对氮磷钾三要素需要的比例1:1.2:1.25进行施肥。
S2、大棚搭建
建钢结构大拱棚，上盖塑料薄膜，棚长50m，棚宽5m，中心高度4m，垅中心线埋设PE管每隔1.5m安装一个雾化折射微喷头喷灌；
S3、栽培
耙细整平，作成平畦，起垅高30厘米,采用宽1.2米的平畦,垅面找平，用7％的高锰酸钾溶液对土壤进行消毒，加铺打孔防草布，栽培时间可以选择在9月份。
S4、种苗
根据上述步骤S3选取经过脱毒的并经云南省林木品种审定委员会审定为良种的‘奕华1号西南远志无性系’组培苗13000棵；
S5、种植
将上述步骤S4将选取的种苗13000棵种植到种植地里，且行距20cm，枝距15cm，每亩种植约13000棵，用氯吡脲(KT-30)1.8mg/L+萘乙酸(NAA)8.5mg/L+赤霉素(GA)浓度10ppm+退菌特2.0mg/L处理促生根、萌芽。
幼苗期须适量浇水保证保苗率外，生长后期通常不需浇水，雨季要注意清沟排水，防止田间积水，种植后从第二年起进行追肥，每年苗返青后，每亩追施饼肥2.5kg、过磷酸钙15kg，施肥后连浇足水，除根部追肥外，还可叶面喷施钾肥，每年6月中下旬到7月中旬每亩喷1％硫酸钾溶液60kg或0.3％磷酸二氢钾溶液100kg，隔12天喷1次，连续喷施3次，追肥过程中，在地上部分枯萎后，再施一层腐熟厩肥。施用肥料应符合NY/T 496规定。
当娘母良成熟后，娘母良栽种5年以上即可收获，采挖时间以秋末春初，刨出鲜根，抖去泥土，阴干即可。
娘母良主要病害是根腐病，其发病初期，根和根茎局部变褐，腐烂；叶柄
基部发生褐色，棱形或椭圆形烂斑，最后叶柄基部烂尽、叶子枯死、根茎腐烂。防治方法:早发现早拔掉并烧毁，病穴用10％石灰水消毒。发病初期也可用50％的多菌灵可湿性粉剂1000倍液进行喷施，隔10天喷1次，连喷3次。叶枯病植株下部叶片开始发病，逐渐向上蔓延。发病初期叶面产生褐色圆形小斑，随后病斑不断扩大，中心部呈灰褐色，最后叶片焦枯，植株死亡。防治方法:用代森锰锌1000倍液或瑞毒霉800倍液叶面喷施，一般7天喷一次，两次可控制危害。
该重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，通过栽培方式采用搭建大棚内加小拱棚，生根溶液采用KT-30+NAA+退菌特的组合激素处理液，成活率高、生根率高、根系生长好，其生根率和成活率均达到93.8％以上，通过娘母良高产栽培方法操作简单、成本低廉、成活率高、生根率高、娘母良栽培一般五年后收成，得到丰厚的利润率，对发展农林经济增加农民收入，保护濒危物种和保持农村稳定具有重要的现实意义。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (9)
1.一种重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、选地、整地
选择地势高、干燥、排水良好的壤土或沙壤土，土地选好后，整地前必须1次施足底肥，每亩施充分腐熟厩肥2500～3000kg，碳铵40kg～45kg，过磷酸钙48kg～53kg和硫酸钾50kg～55kg，一次掩底，深翻30～40cm以上，整体时通过耙锁耙使土肥充分混合，达到上虚下实，地平无坷垃，以备移栽；
S2、大棚搭建
建钢结构大拱棚，上盖塑料薄膜，棚长40m～50m，棚宽4m～5m，中心高度3.5m～4m，垅中心线埋设PE管每隔1m～1.5m安装一个雾化折射微喷头喷灌；
S3、栽培
耙细整平，作成平畦，起垅高20～30厘米,采用宽1.2米的平畦,垅面找平，用3％～7％的高锰酸钾溶液对土壤进行消毒，加铺打孔防草布；
S4、种苗
根据上述步骤S3选取经过脱毒的并经云南省林木品种审定委员会审定为良种的‘奕华1号西南远志无性系’组培苗12500～13000棵；
S5、种植
将上述步骤S4将选取的种苗12500～13000棵种植到种植地里，且行距20cm，枝距15cm，每亩种植约12500～13000棵。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，选地用时可以选择熟耕地，肥沃、土层深厚的荒山坡地，也可在林间或玉米地，整地过程中施肥需要按照娘母良对氮磷钾三要素需要的比例1:1.2:1.25进行施肥。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S3中栽培时间可以选择在3～9月份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S5中，用氯吡脲(KT-30)0.5-1.8mg/L+萘乙酸(NAA)6.1-8.5mg/L+赤霉素(GA)浓度8-10ppm+退菌特1.5-2.0mg/L处理促生根、萌芽。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S5中，种苗种植1个月后每亩喷洒150g植物活化素+100g腐植酸+萘乙酸(NAA)7mg/L+赤霉素(GA)浓度8ppm促进娘母良生长。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S5中，生长期间要使田间无杂草，用小锄浅浅地均匀地锄松地面，将草除掉，保持地表疏松。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S5中，幼苗期须适量浇水保证保苗率外，生长后期通常不需浇水，雨季要注意清沟排水，防止田间积水，种植后从第二年起进行追肥，每年苗返青后，每亩追施饼肥2.5kg、过磷酸钙10kg～15kg，施肥后连浇足水，除根部追肥外，还可叶面喷施钾肥，每年6月中下旬到7月中旬每亩喷1％硫酸钾溶液50kg～60kg或0.3％磷酸二氢钾溶液80kg～100kg，隔10～12天喷1次，连续喷施2～3次。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，其特征在于，所述追肥过程中，在地上部分枯萎后，再施一层腐熟厩肥。施用肥料应符合NY/T 496规定。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种重要佤药资源娘母良的栽培方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S5中，当娘母良成熟后，娘母良栽种5年以上即可收获，采挖时间以秋末春初，刨出鲜根，抖去泥土，阴干即可。
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