CN114666746B - Efficient broadcasting method based on ultra-wideband wireless communication technology - Google Patents
Efficient broadcasting method based on ultra-wideband wireless communication technology Download PDFInfo
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- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency broadcasting method based on an ultra-wideband wireless communication technology. The invention comprises three parts, namely link quality calculation, node sequencing and relay node selection. Firstly, obtaining packet loss rate between nodes according to the distance, and then calculating link quality; then sequencing the first-hop neighbor nodes according to the link quality of the current node and each second-hop neighbor node; and finally, sequentially selecting one-hop neighbor nodes as relay broadcast nodes according to the algorithm sequence until the broadcast requirements are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of data forwarding of unmanned systems, in particular to an emerging technology based on intelligent robot clusters and the like, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency broadcasting method based on an ultra-wideband wireless communication technology.
Background
Along with the rapid deployment of information technologies such as a 5G network, an Internet of things and artificial intelligence, the unmanned aerial vehicle is widely applied to target detection, tracking, disaster monitoring and the like as one of novel means for accessing the information network in the last kilometer due to the advantages of flexibility, maneuverability, rapid deployment and the like. Unmanned aerial vehicles are difficult to complete complex task requirements due to limitations of computational power, communication power, storage power and the like, and unmanned aerial vehicle clusters are generated, and the unmanned aerial vehicles consist of a plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles and operate in a cluster mode. However, how to realize efficient communication among unmanned aerial vehicles in a cluster is an important challenge facing the current unmanned aerial vehicle cluster, and has become a research hotspot for current unmanned aerial vehicle cluster communication and application, and is attracting extensive attention in academia and industry. Therefore, the invention develops and intensively researches the cooperative communication theory and simulation of the unmanned aerial vehicle cluster, and realizes the efficient cooperative communication among unmanned aerial vehicles in the unmanned aerial vehicle cluster.
Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology is a new communication technology that is completely new and has great differences from conventional communication technologies. It does not need to use a carrier wave in a conventional communication system, but transmits data by transmitting and receiving extremely narrow pulses having nanoseconds or less than nanosecond hops, thereby having a bandwidth of the order of GHz. Compared with the traditional narrow-band system, the ultra-wideband system has the advantages of strong penetrating power, low power consumption, good multipath resistance effect, high safety, low system complexity, capability of providing accurate positioning precision and the like. Therefore, the ultra-wideband technology can be applied to indoor stationary or moving objects and human positioning tracking and navigation, and can provide very accurate positioning accuracy. Therefore, the invention realizes the high-efficiency broadcasting of the unmanned system based on the ultra-wideband technology.
In traditional unmanned system communication, especially in remote, rugged terrain environments, static sensors must perform multi-hop transmissions due to limited communication range. This means that some network nodes need to transmit not only their own data, but also data of the network nodes, which causes the sensors to quickly run out of their own power and increases the packet loss rate. In the case of limited communication resources, the communication quality and the communication energy consumption of the trunking network are difficult to balance. The traditional unmanned system communication method comprises a flooding method and an OLSR method, the flooding method only considers the communication quality problem, the quantity of node forwarding in a control network is not considered, and a large quantity of forwarding behaviors can increase the cluster network communication energy consumption and cause channel blocking. The OLSR method only considers the maximum control forwarding number, and does not consider the problem of communication quality, which may result in poor communication quality of some special nodes. Therefore we consider using a new broadcast method to control the number of retransmissions in the network while ensuring a certain network communication quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a high-efficiency broadcasting method based on an ultra-wideband wireless communication technology aiming at the defects and drawbacks of the existing unmanned systems, especially the unmanned aerial vehicle cluster broadcasting, and the invention reduces the number of the transmitted packets to the maximum extent on the premise of ensuring a certain broadcasting effect, thereby greatly improving the broadcasting effect.
The invention relates to a high-efficiency broadcasting method based on an ultra-wideband wireless communication technology, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining packet loss rate between nodes according to the distance, and calculating link quality;
step 2: then sequencing the first-hop nodes according to the link quality with each second-hop node;
step 3: and finally, sequentially selecting one-hop nodes as relay broadcast nodes according to the algorithm sequence, and skipping the nodes if the nodes are already selected. Until the forwarding effect of the selected node set meets the broadcasting requirement.
The present invention further preferably: the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: and the UWB communication module is used for acquiring the information of the first-hop node and the second-hop node adjacent to the source node. The method comprises the steps of recording n first-hop nodes and k second-hop nodes according to the ID of the nodes and the distance information among the nodes.
Step 1.2: and obtaining the packet loss rate between the nodes according to the existing functional relation between the distance and the packet loss rate between the unmanned aerial vehicles.
Step 1.3: in order to facilitate comparison and calculation, the link quality between the source node and the j-th second-hop node when the i-th first-hop node is selected as the broadcast node is defined, the calculation method is to take the logarithm of the packet loss rate of the source node passing through the first-hop node and the j-th second-hop node, the base number is a positive number smaller than 1, so that the link quality is a positive number, and the packet loss rate between the unconnected first-hop node and the second-hop node is recorded as 1 in the actual situation, so that the link quality is 0. The sum of the link quality of the readily available source node and the jth second-hop node passing through different hop nodes is obtained as the logarithm of the product of the packet loss rate of the link, and the sum can represent the link quality in the real environment.
Step 1.4: calculating the link quality of each two-hop node under the flooding state, namely when all the one-hop nodes forward the data packet; the calculation method is that the sum of the link quality of the two-hop node and each one-hop node is calculated, and the obtained result is marked as a vector N.
Step 1.5: the gain coefficient λ is set, and the target vector t=λ×n is set.
The present invention further preferably: the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: and (3) according to the link quality among the nodes obtained in the step (1), sequencing all the first-hop nodes according to the link quality of a certain second-hop node to obtain an ordered sequence.
Step 2.2: and (3) repeating the step 2.1 for all the two-hop nodes to obtain n k-dimensional ordered sequences, wherein k is the number of the two-hop nodes and n is the number of the one-hop nodes.
The present invention further preferably: the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: let a null vector S denote the broadcast effect of the broadcast node that has been selected on all two-hop nodes.
Step 3.2: sequentially selecting the j-th element V of the i-th vector i [j]The representative one-hop node is a broadcast node, s=s+v i [j];
Step 3.3: and judging whether S is larger than the target vector T, if so, selecting to stop, and setting the selected one-hop node as a broadcasting node.
Step 3.4: if i is equal to n, let i=1, j=j+1; if i is not equal to n, let i=i+1; turning back to step 3.2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following gain effects:
1. the algorithm can greatly reduce the selection of the relay node in the broadcast, further reduce the forwarding times of the data packet, and greatly simplify the communication in the unmanned system
2. The algorithm ensures the effectiveness of a broadcasting mechanism while reducing the selection of relay nodes. The method selects the relay node, and the forwarding effect based on the relay node is in a certain range of the flooding method, so that effective broadcast communication with certain quality can be ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of an efficient broadcast method for an unmanned system implemented by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a relationship fitting curve between the distance and the packet loss rate of the unmanned aerial vehicle obtained by a true experiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in the following drawings and detailed description, which are to be understood as being merely illustrative of the invention and not limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the words "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
The efficient broadcasting method based on the ultra-wideband wireless communication technology of the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, includes the following steps:
step one: according to the UWB communication module of the unmanned aerial vehicle, initializing scene information, obtaining packet loss rate of communication among nodes according to the distance among the nodes, and then calculating to obtain link quality. Wherein the scene information mainly includes: a set of first-hop nodes directly connected to the source node, a set of second-hop nodes connected to the first-hop nodes, and a distance (m) between each connected node.
The link quality between the nodes mainly refers to a parameter which is obtained through the deformation of the packet loss rate between the nodes and is convenient for calculation and comparison, and the parameter is equivalent to the packet loss rate between the nodes.
The method specifically comprises the following steps of
Step 1.1: the UWB communication module, the source node obtains the information of the first-hop node and the second-hop node adjacent to the source node; the method comprises the steps of recording n first-hop nodes and k second-hop nodes according to the ID of the nodes and the distance information among the nodes.
Step 1.2: and obtaining the packet loss rate between the nodes according to the existing functional relation between the distance and the packet loss rate between the unmanned aerial vehicles.
Step 1.3: in order to facilitate comparison and calculation, the link quality between the source node and the j-th second-hop node when the i-th first-hop node is selected as the broadcast node is defined, the calculation method is to take the logarithm of the packet loss rate of the source node passing through the first-hop node and the j-th second-hop node, the base number is a positive number smaller than 1, so that the link quality is a positive number, and the packet loss rate between the unconnected first-hop node and the second-hop node is recorded as 1 in the actual situation, so that the link quality is 0. The sum of the link quality of the readily available source node and the jth second-hop node passing through different hop nodes is obtained as the logarithm of the product of the packet loss rate of the link, and the sum can represent the link quality in the real environment.
Step 1.4: and calculating the link quality of each two-hop node under the flooding state, namely when all the one-hop nodes forward the data packet. The calculation method is that the sum of the link quality of the two-hop node and each one-hop node is calculated, and the obtained result is marked as a vector N.
Step 1.5: the gain coefficient λ is set, and the target vector t=λ×n is set.
And 2, aiming at the initialization information obtained in the step 1, sequencing the first-hop nodes of the two-hop nodes according to the link quality between the first-hop nodes. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 2.1: and sequencing the first-hop nodes connected with the second-hop nodes according to the link quality between the first-hop nodes and the second-hop nodes to obtain a K-dimensional vector.
Step 2.2: repeating the step 2.1 for all N two-hop nodes to obtain N K-dimensional vectors.
Step 3, for the N K-dimensional vectors obtained in the step 2, sequentially selecting one-hop nodes as broadcasting nodes according to the thought of sequential selection until the broadcasting effect reaches the preset target, specifically comprising the following steps of
Step 3.1: let a null vector S denote the broadcast effect of the broadcast node that has been selected on all two-hop nodes.
Step 3.2: sequentially selecting the j-th element V of the i-th vector i [j]The representative one-hop node is a broadcast node, s=s+v i [j]
Step 3.3: and judging whether S is larger than the target vector T, if so, selecting to stop, and setting the selected one-hop node as a broadcasting node.
Step 3.4: if i is equal to n, let i=1, j=j+1; if i is not equal to n, let i=i+1; turning back to step 3.2.
The invention focuses on how to realize the high-efficiency broadcasting method based on the ultra-wideband wireless communication technology, which is logically divided into three parts, namely, initialization scene information, sequencing the link quality and selecting broadcasting nodes.
According to the method, different link quality information is calculated according to the distance between unmanned aerial vehicle nodes acquired by the UWB communication module, and then the link quality is ordered; and finally selecting a forwarding node.
As shown in fig. 1, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
1. initializing scene information
Without loss of generality, the number of the first-hop nodes connected with the source node is set as n, the number of the second-hop nodes is set as k, and the distance between the source node and the ith first-hop node is obtained by the UWB module as d i The distance between the ith one-hop node and the jth two-hop node is
As shown in fig. 2, a relationship fitting curve of the unmanned aerial vehicle distance and the packet loss rate is obtained through a true experiment.
From the curve d i And (3) withCorresponding packet loss rate ρ i And->The source node and the jth second-hop node are connected through the link packet loss rate between the ith first-hop node> Due to packet loss rate->Is a positive number less than or equal to 1 and inversely related to the link quality, is inconvenient to calculate, we are about +.>Logarithm of r (r.epsilon. (0, 1))We use->Representing the quality of the link between the source node through the i-th first-hop node and the j-th second-hop node. Readily available, sourceThe node can represent the link quality in the real environment by taking the logarithm of the product of the sum of the link quality between the different hop nodes and the j-th second hop nodes and the packet loss rate of the nodes. In practical experiments, we find that the distinguishing effect is better when r is taken to be 0.999.
Let the vector v= [ V ] 1 ,v 2 ,...,v n ]∈R k*n Wherein Representing the quality of the link between the source node through the i-th first-hop node and the j-th second-hop node.
Let vector N represent the broadcast effect of the unmanned aerial vehicle cluster in the flooding state:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofAnd the link quality between the source node and the j-th second-hop node in the flooding state is represented.
Setting gain coefficient lambda epsilon (0, 1), and obtaining vector T=lambda x N, wherein the T vector is the desired unmanned aerial vehicle cluster broadcasting effect.
2. Ordering the link quality:
according to the link quality sequence of different two-hop nodes, the elements in V are respectively sequenced from big to small by taking the ith dimension as a key word to obtain k ordered sequences as R= [ R ] 1 ,R 2 ,...,R k ]Wherein R is i [j]Represents the j-th vector in V, which is arranged in the size of the i-th dimension value, R i [j][i]The value representing the dimension in the i dimension in the vector, i.e. the link quality between the j-th one-hop node and the two-hop node of the row of the i-th two-hop node in all the one-hop nodes.
3. Selecting broadcast nodes
A k-dimensional null vector S is initialized, the integer i=0, j=0.
First, ifAnd selecting the representative one-hop node as a broadcasting node.
Second step, s=s+r i [j]
In the third step, if i=k, let i=0, j=j+1.
Fourth, if S > T, the selection is finished, otherwise, the first step is skipped.
Through the steps, the selection of the broadcasting nodes in the unmanned system is completed, and the broadcasting effect of high efficiency and stability can be realized through the broadcasting of the nodes, so that ideas are provided for the optimization of the follow-up broadcasting effect and the like.
The technical means disclosed by the scheme of the invention is not limited to the technical means disclosed by the embodiment, and also comprises the technical scheme formed by any combination of the technical features.
Claims (1)
1. The high-efficiency broadcasting method based on the ultra-wideband wireless communication technology is characterized by comprising the following three steps:
step 1: calculating link quality, namely obtaining packet loss rate between nodes according to the distance, and calculating the link quality; the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: the method comprises the steps that an ultra-wideband (UWB) communication module, a source node acquires information of a first-hop neighbor node and a second-hop neighbor node of the source node; the method comprises the steps of recording n first-hop nodes and k second-hop nodes, wherein the n first-hop nodes comprise the IDs of the nodes and the distance information among the nodes;
step 1.2: obtaining the packet loss rate between nodes according to the functional relation between the distance and the packet loss rate between unmanned aerial vehicles;
step 1.3: defining the link quality between a source node and a j-th second-hop node when an i-th first-hop node is selected as a broadcast node, wherein the calculation method is to take the logarithm of the packet loss rate of the source node passing through the links of the first-hop node and the j-th second-hop node, and the base number is a positive number smaller than 1, so that the link quality is a positive number, and the packet loss rate between the unconnected first-hop node and second-hop node is recorded as 1 in actual conditions, so that the link quality is 0; obtaining the sum of the link quality of the source node passing through different hop nodes and the jth second hop node to be the logarithm of the product of the packet loss rate of the link, and representing the link quality in the real environment;
step 1.4: calculating the link quality of each two-hop node under the flooding state, namely when all the one-hop nodes forward the data packet; the calculation method is that the sum of the link quality of the two-hop node and each one-hop node is added, and the obtained result is marked as a vector N;
step 1.5: setting a gain coefficient lambda, and setting a target vector T=lambda×N;
step 2: and (5) node sequencing: sequencing the first-hop nodes according to the link quality with each second-hop node; the step 2 specifically includes the following steps:
step 2.1: according to the link quality among the nodes obtained in the step 1, all the first-hop nodes are ordered according to the link quality of a certain second-hop node, and an ordered sequence is obtained;
step 2.2: repeating the step 2.1 for all the two-hop nodes to obtain k n-dimensional ordered sequences, wherein k is the number of the two-hop nodes and n is the number of the one-hop nodes;
step 3: and selecting a relay node: finally, according to the algorithm sequence, sequentially selecting one-hop nodes as relay broadcast nodes, and if the node is already selected, skipping the node; until the selected node set forwarding effect meets the broadcasting requirement; and 3, using the ordered sequence obtained in the step 2, and circularly selecting a broadcasting node by the method:
step 3.1: setting a null vector S to represent the broadcasting effect of the selected broadcasting node on all the two-hop nodes;
step 3.2: sequentially selecting the j-th element V of the i-th vector i [j]The representative one-hop node is a broadcast node, s=s+v i [j];
Step 3.3: judging whether S is larger than a target vector T, if so, selecting to stop, and setting the selected one-hop node as a broadcasting node;
step 3.4: if i is equal to n, let i=1, j=j+1; if i is not equal to n, let i=i+1; turning back to step 3.2.
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CN105657777A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-06-08 | 西安电子科技大学 | Routing protocol design method based on link quality and node forwarding capacity |
CN106851770A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-13 | 电子科技大学 | Car networking communication means based on link-quality |
KR102065177B1 (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-01-10 | 현대오트론 주식회사 | Apparatus and method for broadcasting message between vehicles |
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CN105657777A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-06-08 | 西安电子科技大学 | Routing protocol design method based on link quality and node forwarding capacity |
CN106851770A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-13 | 电子科技大学 | Car networking communication means based on link-quality |
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