CN1146657A - 场平衡效应直流电动机 - Google Patents

场平衡效应直流电动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1146657A
CN1146657A CN 96108547 CN96108547A CN1146657A CN 1146657 A CN1146657 A CN 1146657A CN 96108547 CN96108547 CN 96108547 CN 96108547 A CN96108547 A CN 96108547A CN 1146657 A CN1146657 A CN 1146657A
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motor
armature
magnetic pole
field
balance effect
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陈国嵘
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Priority to CN 96108547 priority Critical patent/CN1146657A/zh
Publication of CN1146657A publication Critical patent/CN1146657A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN1997/000061 priority patent/WO1997049163A1/zh
Priority to AU31636/97A priority patent/AU3163697A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/40—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the arrangement of the magnet circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H02K23/04—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having permanent magnet excitation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明介绍了场平衡效应直流电动机，其采用与现有直流电机的不同结构，用永久磁铁做成凸极式大磁极，电枢做成凸极式的分层结构，使得电枢能在大磁极的强大磁场中运转，且使电磁损耗、热损耗大大降低，从而节约电能达60％以上。

Description

场平衡效应直流电动机
本发明涉及一种一直流电动机。
通常的直流电机和同步电机，主要由磁极和电枢两部分组成。磁极的极性是不变的，因此，磁极的磁场可用激励电流来产生，也可用永久磁铁来代替。用永久磁铁做磁极的电机，称为永磁电机，容量小的微型电机，多做成永磁电机，利用永久磁铁的磁能代替外加激励电流的电能。
一般直流电动机在工作时，接上直流电源，励磁绕组中将有激励电流通过，建立在空间固定不动的磁场，或用永久磁铁代替励磁绕组也可产生这一磁场。这时电枢绕组中也将有电枢电流通过，使各绕组元件导体在磁场中受到磁场力的作用，所有的载流导体所受的电磁力对转轴产生的电磁转矩都是同一方向，便驱动转子沿转矩方向转动起来。即利用带电导体在磁场中受到力的作用，使电动机旋转起来。
在直流电机中，磁极中通以励磁绕组的电能比电枢绕组的电能要小，且电机容量越大，差值就越大。
在现有的电机中，电能的利用效率都比较低。
本发明的目的是提供一种能节约电能，提高电能利用效率的直流电动机。
这种电动机也主要由磁极和电枢组成。磁极用永久磁铁做成凸极式，相对电枢来说是一个大磁极，磁极产生的磁通是不变的，因此是一种永磁电动机。电枢的结构也做成凸极式，其特别之处主要是一个分层结构，见附图1。这种结构可以使电机运行时各层产生交变的大小相等的，极性相反的电磁场。当接上直流电源后，磁极磁场的极性与电枢交变磁场的极性产生同性相斥和异性相吸的作用力，这些斥力和吸力对转轴的切线方向是一推一拉，即对转轴轴心产生力矩，这些电磁力矩都是同一方向的，这样，便带动电动机的轴沿力矩方向转动起来。即利用磁场极性的同性相斥异性相吸的原理使电机工作的。电枢的电磁场除了与磁极磁场发生作用外，本身各层的电磁场也相互产生影响，形成一种“场平衡效应”现象，这种效应使电枢能在大磁极的强大磁场中运行，从而使永久磁铁的磁能代替大部分外加电能。这种结构产生的场平衡效应，也使电枢降低了电磁损耗、热损耗。从而使电动机节约电能达60％以上，提高了电能的利用效率。
下面介绍容量为几瓦级X90-Vc试验机及几十瓦级X90-VII试验机的试验情况。
(一)几瓦级的X90-Vc试验机
用此机与在市场上购买的永磁玩具电动机对比。
在永磁电动机上装一竹质两片扇叶，扇叶面积18×25mm2、倾角30°。X90-Vc机上装一竹质两片风扇叶，扇叶面积32×52mm2、倾角28°。观察风量两机一致时测得：
永磁玩具机    外加电压3v    电流435mA    需功率1.31瓦
X90-Vc机    外加电压12v  电流37.5mA  需功率0.45瓦
(二)几十瓦级的X90-VII试验机
(1)装一“双马”牌电风扇40CM风扇叶，用干电池作电源，试验机子的性能。试验数据如下：
外加电压6V   起动电流135mA    运行电流64mA
外加功率为0.384瓦。试验机能缓慢运行。
外加电压9V 起动电流165mA 运行电流72mA
外加功率为0.648瓦。试验机较上面快运行。
外加电压12V 起动电流250mA 运行电流85mA
外加功率1.02瓦。试验机转速又较9v时快。
这说明X90-VII试验机的起动性能和运行性能良好。
(2)用此机与“双马”牌电扇作对比试验，负载均为40cm的电风扇叶。
首先两机同时开动，“双马牌”电扇开4档，调整X90-VII机的转速，即调节调压器的输入电压，使两机的转速一致。此时调压就压器的指针正好为40v。
关掉“双马”牌电扇，观察电度表转盘转一圈所需的时间。然后关掉X90-VII试验机，开动“双马”牌电扇，开四档，用同样的方法测出电度表转盘转一圈所需的时间。然后把“双马”牌电扇改开二档，再开动X90-VII试验机，调转速与“双马”牌电扇一样时，输入电压为50v，用同样方法测出两机在电度表转盘转一圈时所需的时间。测量结果如下：X90-VII试验机40v电度表转盘转一圈所需的时间339秒“双马”牌电风扇四档电度表转盘转一圈所需的时间97秒X90-VII试验机50v电度表转盘转一圈所需的时间195秒“双马”牌电风扇二档电度表转盘转一圈所需的时间72秒
由以上X90-Vc、X90-VII两种试验机与其它现有机型的对比实验数据可看出，在输出相同的情况下，场平衡效应电动机的输入只是普通电动机的1/3左右，即节约电能达60％以上。

Claims (2)

1、场平衡效应直流电动机，主要由磁极和电枢组成，本发明的特征是，磁极是用永久磁铁做成凸极式大磁极，电枢小且做成凸极式的分层结构。
2、场平衡效应直流电动机，利用磁场的同性相斥异性相吸的特性工作，其特征是电枢在运行时，分层结构的各层之间产生交变的大小相等、方向相反的电磁场，这些电磁场除了与磁极磁场作用外，本身各层的电磁场也相互作用，形成场平衡效应现象，实现小电枢在大磁极中运转。
CN 96108547 1996-06-20 1996-06-20 场平衡效应直流电动机 Pending CN1146657A (zh)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 96108547 CN1146657A (zh) 1996-06-20 1996-06-20 场平衡效应直流电动机
PCT/CN1997/000061 WO1997049163A1 (fr) 1996-06-20 1997-06-17 Moteur c.c. a effet d'equilibrage
AU31636/97A AU3163697A (en) 1996-06-20 1997-06-17 A dc motor having a balancing effect

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 96108547 CN1146657A (zh) 1996-06-20 1996-06-20 场平衡效应直流电动机

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WO (1) WO1997049163A1 (zh)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4757224A (en) * 1985-04-26 1988-07-12 Magnetics Research International Corp. Full flux reversal variable reluctance machine
US4920292A (en) * 1986-08-29 1990-04-24 Papst-Motoren Gmbh & Co. Kg Motor having rotor capable of both stepped rotary and axial shift motions

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AU3163697A (en) 1998-01-07

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