CN114665260A - Antenna and communication equipment - Google Patents

Antenna and communication equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114665260A
CN114665260A CN202011528553.6A CN202011528553A CN114665260A CN 114665260 A CN114665260 A CN 114665260A CN 202011528553 A CN202011528553 A CN 202011528553A CN 114665260 A CN114665260 A CN 114665260A
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antenna
dipole
arm
microstrip line
line
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CN202011528553.6A
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CN114665260B (en
Inventor
邵金进
武东伟
石操
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202011528553.6A priority Critical patent/CN114665260B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/124762 priority patent/WO2022134786A1/en
Publication of CN114665260A publication Critical patent/CN114665260A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/10—Logperiodic antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/20—Two collinear substantially straight active elements; Substantially straight single active elements

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Abstract

The application provides an antenna and communication equipment, relates to the technical field of communication and aims to solve the technical problem that the coverage area of the antenna is limited. The antenna provided by the application comprises a dielectric substrate, a folded dipole and N symmetrical dipoles; an aggregation line is arranged on the dielectric substrate and provided with a first end and a second end; the folded dipole is positioned at the first end of the gathering line and is connected with the gathering line; the N symmetrical vibrators are arranged on the dielectric substrate and connected with the aggregation line; in the antenna provided by the application, the bandwidth control of different frequency bands is realized through the folded dipole and the symmetrical dipole together, so that the working bandwidth of the antenna is increased, in addition, after the folded dipole and the symmetrical dipole are arranged according to a certain size requirement, the coherent superposition of electromagnetic waves generated by the folded dipole and the symmetrical dipole can be realized, so that the multi-beam characteristic can be realized, and the omnidirectional coverage range of the antenna can be realized.

Description

Antenna and communication equipment
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an antenna and a communication device.
Background
In current wireless communication devices, the antennas used are mainly half-wave dipole antennas. The half-wave dipole antenna is a commonly used narrow-band antenna, has the characteristics of omnidirectional radiation direction of a horizontal plane and the like, and the maximum gain is about 2dBi generally. In practical applications, a half-wave dipole antenna generally includes a pair of symmetrically disposed conductors, and two ends of the two conductors close to each other are respectively connected to a feeder line, wherein the sum of the lengths of the two conductors is substantially equal to half of the operating frequency thereof. As the operating frequency of the antenna is continuously increased, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna is also increased. However, compared with the low-frequency electromagnetic wave, under the same propagation distance, the high-frequency electromagnetic wave has obvious attenuation, and the winding capability and the wall penetration capability are obviously insufficient. However, since the frequency of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the half-wave dipole is highly related to the size of the half-wave dipole, the half-wave dipole antenna can only generate a single-frequency-band beam, and the gain in the vertical direction is low, so that the full-area coverage cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an antenna and a communication device which are wide in coverage range and beneficial to achieving high gain and multi-beam characteristics.
In one aspect, the present application provides an antenna comprising a dielectric substrate, a folded dipole, and N dipoles. The medium substrate is provided with a gathering line, and the gathering line is provided with a first end and a second end. The folded vibrator is arranged on the dielectric substrate, is positioned at the first end of the aggregation line and is connected with the aggregation line. And the N symmetrical oscillators are arranged on the dielectric substrate and are connected with the aggregation line, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
The antenna satisfies:
Figure BDA0002851550100000011
when N is greater than 1, N symmetrical oscillator sets gradually to the second end by the first end of set line, and N symmetrical oscillator satisfies:
Figure BDA0002851550100000012
wherein n is the serial number of the symmetrical oscillator, and the sequence of the self-assembly line is increased from the first end to the second end; rFolding deviceThe distance from the folded dipole to the virtual top point of the antenna; rNIs the distance from the nth dipole to the virtual apex of the antenna. L is a radical of an alcoholnIs the length of the nth dipole; l isn+1Is the length of the (n + 1) th dipole. R isnThe distance from the nth dipole to the virtual top point of the antenna; rn+1Is the distance from the (n + 1) th dipole to the virtual apex of the antenna. dnThe distance between the nth symmetrical oscillator and the (n + 1) th symmetrical oscillator is set; dn+1The distance between the (n + 1) th dipole and the (n + 2) th dipole. τ is the antenna assembly factor.
In the antenna provided by the application, the folded dipole is used as a top excitation unit of the dipole, so that high-frequency bandwidth control can be realized. Alternatively, it can be understood that the operating frequency of the folded dipole determines the highest operating frequency of the overall antenna and the operating frequency of the longest dipole determines the lowest operating frequency of the overall antenna. That is, the whole antenna realizes the bandwidth control of different frequency bands through the folded dipole and the symmetric dipole, thereby being beneficial to increasing the working bandwidth of the antenna. In addition, when the working bandwidth of the antenna needs to be adjusted, factors such as the sizes of the folded dipole and the symmetric dipole are only required to be independently adjusted, and therefore convenience in adjustment is improved. In addition, the folded oscillator has stronger radiation gain in the vertical direction, and the symmetrical oscillator has the characteristics of omnidirectional radiation direction of the horizontal plane and the like. After the folded dipole and the symmetrical dipole are arranged according to the size requirement, the electromagnetic waves generated by the folded dipole and the symmetrical dipole can realize coherent superposition, so that the multi-beam characteristic can be realized. Therefore, the folding dipole and the symmetrical dipole are superposed, and the omnidirectional coverage range of the antenna is favorably realized. For example, when the wireless router equipped with the antenna is applied to a multi-floor structure, the coverage range of WiFi signals in the same floor can be ensured, and the coverage ranges of WiFi signals in upper and lower floors can be improved.
In addition, when the number of the dipoles is multiple, the positions of the dipoles are arranged through the size constraint of the above formula, so that the bandwidth of the antenna can be effectively improved, the multi-beam characteristic is facilitated to be realized, and the full-wave coverage of the antenna is facilitated to be realized.
In a specific arrangement, the aggregate line may include a first microstrip line and a second microstrip line. The first microstrip line and the second microstrip line are arranged in parallel and have a gap. The folded oscillator comprises a first connecting arm and a second connecting arm, the first connecting arm is connected with the first microstrip line, and the second connecting arm is connected with the second microstrip line. Each dipole may include a first vibrating arm and a second vibrating arm, and the first vibrating arm and the second vibrating arm are symmetrically disposed about the collective line. The folded dipole and the dipole can be used for converting current energy into electromagnetic energy and radiating the electromagnetic energy, or used for receiving the electromagnetic energy and converting the electromagnetic energy into current energy, and the current energy is transmitted to relevant feed components (such as a feed signal transmitter, a feed signal receiver and the like) through the aggregation line.
In order to satisfy the connection between the antenna and the relevant feed component, the antenna may be connected through one end of the coaxial cable, and the other end of the coaxial cable may be connected with the relevant feed component. Coaxial cables generally include a cable core and an outer conductor positioned about the cable core. In a specific implementation, the first connecting arm may be provided with a first feeding end for connecting with an inner conductor of a coaxial line, and the second connecting arm may be provided with a second feeding end for connecting with an outer conductor of the coaxial line. Considering that the size of the outer conductor is larger than that of the cable core, the width of the second feeding end is larger than that of the first feeding end when the cable is specifically arranged. Thereby improving the connection effect between the antenna and the coaxial cable. In other embodiments, the second feeding end may further include a through hole, and the inner conductor of the coaxial line may be connected to the first feeding end after passing through the through hole. Thereby, the connection effect between the antenna and the coaxial cable can be ensured.
In addition, when the first microstrip line, the second microstrip line, the N dipoles and the folded dipole are specifically arranged, the first microstrip line, the second microstrip line, the N dipoles and the folded dipole may be arranged on the same board surface of the dielectric substrate, or may be arranged on different board surfaces of the dielectric substrate.
For example, the first microstrip line and the first vibrating arm may be disposed on a first board surface of the dielectric substrate, and the second microstrip line and the second vibrating arm may be disposed on a second board surface of the dielectric substrate. Wherein, first face and second face are two faces that deviate from each other.
In some embodiments, the dipole further includes a first auxiliary vibrating arm and a second auxiliary vibrating arm coaxially disposed, and the first auxiliary vibrating arm and the second auxiliary vibrating arm are symmetrically disposed about the collective line. The first auxiliary vibrating arm may be located on one side of the first microstrip line, and one end of the first auxiliary vibrating arm close to the first microstrip line is connected to the first microstrip line. The second auxiliary vibrating arm may be disposed on one side of the second microstrip line, and one end of the second auxiliary vibrating arm close to the second microstrip line is connected to the second microstrip line. The first auxiliary vibration arm and the first vibration arm are arranged adjacently, and the second auxiliary vibration arm and the second vibration arm are arranged adjacently. The radiation performance of the antenna can be effectively improved through the first auxiliary vibrating arm and the second vibrating arm, and therefore the signal radiation range of the antenna can be favorably improved.
In a specific setting, the first auxiliary vibrating arm is disposed closer to the first end of the assembly line than the first vibrating arm. The second auxiliary vibrating arm may be disposed closer to the first end of the collective line than the second vibrating arm.
The length of the first auxiliary vibrating arm may be the same as or different from the length of the first vibrating arm. Accordingly, the length of the second auxiliary vibrating arm may be the same as or different from the length of the second vibrating arm.
In some implementations, the extended end of the first horn and the extended end of the first auxiliary horn may be connected to each other. The extended end of the second horn and the extended end of the second auxiliary horn may also be connected to each other.
In addition, the embodiment of the application also provides communication equipment, which comprises a signal processing circuit and the antenna, wherein the signal processing circuit can be electrically connected with the antenna through a coaxial cable. The communication device can be a wireless router, a mobile phone, a tablet computer and the like. The signal processing circuit is electrically connected with the antenna to input or output radio frequency signals. The antenna of the electronic equipment has better performance, and can realize wider frequency band and omnidirectional coverage.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a coaxial cable provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of another antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic plan view of another antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of another antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a top view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a bottom view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a simulation diagram of current distribution of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a simulation diagram of the radiation intensity of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is an antenna radiation pattern corresponding to fig. 10;
fig. 12 is a simulation diagram of the radiation intensity of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 13 is an antenna radiation pattern corresponding to fig. 12;
fig. 14 is a simulation diagram of the radiation intensity of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 15 is an antenna radiation pattern corresponding to fig. 14.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
For the convenience of understanding the antenna provided in the embodiments of the present application, the following first describes an application scenario thereof.
The antenna provided by the embodiment of the application can be applied to communication equipment, and is used for enabling the communication equipment to receive or send wireless signals so as to realize a wireless communication function. The communication device can be a wireless router, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device and the like.
Taking a router as an example, the router usually relies on an antenna to generate a WiFi signal with a certain coverage. The mobile phone, the tablet personal computer and other equipment within the coverage range can be in signal interconnection with the router. In order to realize higher-rate signal transmission, the coverage frequency band of the WiFi signal is gradually covered by 2G to 5G or even higher frequency band. In the current router, the antenna mainly used is a half-wave dipole antenna. The half-wave dipole antenna is a commonly used narrow-band antenna, has the characteristics of omnidirectional radiation direction of a horizontal plane and the like, and the maximum gain is about 2dBi generally. With the increasing working frequency of the antenna, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna also increases. However, compared with the low-frequency electromagnetic wave, the high-frequency electromagnetic wave has obvious attenuation under the same propagation distance, and the winding capacity and the wall penetration capacity are obviously insufficient. However, since the frequency of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the half-wave dipole is highly related to the size of the half-wave dipole, the half-wave dipole antenna can only generate a single-frequency-band beam, and the gain in the vertical direction is low, so that the full-area coverage cannot be realized.
In addition, for the conventional directional antenna, a single beam characteristic is often presented, and the coverage area is reduced in the process of increasing the gain. Accordingly, the gain is significantly reduced during the process of increasing the coverage area. Therefore, for the directional antenna, the gain and the coverage are in a trade-off relationship, so that the effects of high gain and large coverage cannot be simultaneously achieved.
Therefore, the antenna with larger gain and favorable implementation of the omnidirectional coverage range is provided by the embodiment of the application.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The terminology used in the following examples is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in the specification of the present application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, such as "one or more", unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that in the following embodiments of the present application, "at least one", "one or more" means one, two or more. The term "and/or" is used to describe an association relationship that associates objects, meaning that three relationships may exist; for example, a and/or B, may represent: a alone, both A and B, and B alone, where A, B may be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship.
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments," or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," or the like, in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but rather "one or more but not all embodiments" unless specifically stated otherwise. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including, but not limited to," unless expressly specified otherwise.
In one embodiment provided by the present application, as shown in fig. 1, the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate 10, and a folded dipole 30 and four dipoles arranged on the dielectric substrate 10. Wherein the four dipoles are a dipole 40a, a dipole 40b, a dipole 40c and a dipole 40d, respectively. The four dipoles are sequentially arranged from the first end to the second end (i.e. from right to left) of the assembly line 20, and the four dipoles satisfy:
Figure BDA0002851550100000041
wherein n is the serial number of the dipole, and the right end and the left end of the self-assembly line 20 are sequentially increased. I.e. from right to left, a first dipole 40a, a second dipole 40b, a third dipole 40c and a fourth dipole 40d, respectively.
LnIs the length of the nth dipole. For example, in the fourth dipole 40d, the length of the dipole 40d is the sum of the lengths of the first and second horn arms 41 and 42. Typically, the length of a dipole is approximately equal to half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave it transmits (or receives).
Ln+1Is the length of the (n + 1) th dipole.
dnThe distance between the nth symmetrical oscillator and the (n + 1) th symmetrical oscillator is set; dn+1The distance between the (n + 1) th dipole and the (n + 2) th dipole. τ is the antenna ensemble factor.
RnThe distance from the nth dipole to the virtual top point of the antenna; rn+1Is the distance from the (n + 1) th dipole to the virtual apex of the antenna. In the antenna structure shown in fig. 1, the lengths of the four dipoles 40 satisfy a gradual change from large to small, and therefore the tips of the dipoles 40 located on the upper side of the collective line 20 are located on the same straight line. Correspondingly, the top ends of dipoles 40 located below the assembly line 20 are also located on the same straight line. The intersection of the two straight lines constitutes the virtual vertex O.
In summary, in a specific application, the antenna may include N dipoles, and the N dipoles are sequentially arranged from the first end to the second end of the assembly line, and the N dipoles meet the size requirement of the above formula (1).
According to the size requirement of the formula (1), the adjacent symmetrical oscillators can work under different phases and amplitudes, electromagnetic waves of the plurality of symmetrical oscillators in different directions are coherently superposed to realize the multi-beam characteristic, and therefore the signal radiation range of the antenna is favorably improved.
In a specific application, the value of τ may be reasonably selected according to actual requirements, for example, the value of τ may be 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and the like, which is not limited in this application.
It will be appreciated that the number of dipoles provided may be any value greater than or equal to 1, depending on the application. For example, the antenna may include 2, 3, or more dipoles, and the number of dipoles is not limited in the present application.
In a specific application, the number of dipoles 40 may be one.
For example, as shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment provided by the present application, the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate 10, and a folded dipole 30 and a dipole 40 disposed on the dielectric substrate 10. An aggregate line 20 is provided on the dielectric substrate 10; and the folded dipole 30 is located at a first end (right end in the drawing) of the aggregation line 20 and connected to the aggregation line 20. Specifically, the aggregate line 20 includes a first microstrip line 21 and a second microstrip line 22, and the first microstrip line 21 and the second microstrip line 22 are disposed in parallel with each other with a gap. The folded dipole 30 includes a first connection arm 31 and a second connection arm 32, the first connection arm 31 is connected to the first microstrip line 21, and the second connection arm 32 is connected to the second microstrip line 22. The dipole 40 includes a first vibrating arm 41 and a second vibrating arm 42, and the first vibrating arm 41 and the second vibrating arm 42 are symmetrically disposed about the collective line 20. The folded dipole 30 and the dipole 40 can be used for converting current energy into electromagnetic energy and radiating it out, or for receiving electromagnetic energy and converting it into current energy. And the antenna satisfies:
Figure BDA0002851550100000051
Rfolding deviceThe distance from the folded dipole 30 to the virtual apex O of the antenna.
RNThe distance of the dipole 40 to the virtual apex of the antenna.
τ is the antenna assembly factor. In practical applications, τ may be a number less than 1 and greater than 0, such as 0.5, 0.6, or 0.7.
In summary, in the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, only one dipole 40 and folded dipole 30 may be reserved, and the dipole 40 and the folded dipole 30 may be arranged according to the size requirement of the above formula (2).
In the antenna provided by the present application, the folded dipole 30 is used as the top excitation unit of the dipole 40, so that high-frequency bandwidth control can be realized. Alternatively, it will be appreciated that the operating frequency of the folded element 30 determines the highest operating frequency of the overall antenna and the operating frequency of the dipole 40 determines the lowest operating frequency of the overall antenna. That is, the whole antenna realizes bandwidth control of different frequency bands through the folded dipole 30 and the symmetric dipole 40, thereby being beneficial to increasing the working bandwidth of the antenna. In addition, when the working bandwidth of the antenna needs to be adjusted, only factors such as the sizes of the folded dipole 30 and the symmetric dipole 40 need to be adjusted independently, so that the convenience in adjustment is improved. In addition, the folded dipole 30 has a stronger radiation gain in the vertical direction, and the dipole 40 has the characteristics of omnidirectional radiation direction in the horizontal plane, and the like. After the folded dipole 30 and the dipole 40 are arranged according to the above size requirements, the electromagnetic waves generated by the folded dipole 30 and the dipole 40 can be coherently superposed, thereby realizing the multi-beam characteristic. Therefore, the overlapping of the folded dipole 30 and the dipole 40 is beneficial to realizing the omnidirectional coverage of the antenna. For example, when the wireless router equipped with the antenna is applied to a multi-floor structure, the coverage of the WiFi signals in the same floor can be ensured, and the coverage of the WiFi signals in the upper floor and the lower floor can be improved.
In particular, the dielectric substrate 10 may be a printed circuit board, a flexible circuit board, or the like. The collective line 20 may be formed on the dielectric substrate 10 using a process such as photolithography. The width dimensions of the first microstrip line 21 and the second microstrip line 22 can be the same, so as to ensure the working stability of the dipole 40 and the folded dipole 30. In particular implementations, aggregate line 20 may also be referred to as a parallel strip line. The first microstrip line 21 and the second microstrip line 22 can be parallel or approximately parallel to each other.
In specific implementation, the folded dipole 30 may be the folded dipole 30 commonly used in the prior art, or the folded dipole 30 may be miniaturized.
For example, in the embodiment provided in the present application, the third connecting arm 33 of the folded dipole 30 is provided with a bending structure 331, and the fourth connecting arm 34 is provided with a bending structure 341. The folded structure 331 and the folded structure 341 contribute to the miniaturization of the folded dipole 30, thereby reducing the volume of the folded dipole 30. In addition, the bending structure 331 and the bending structure 341 are also beneficial to reducing the resonance frequency of the folded dipole 30, so that the folded dipole 30 is in the normal working frequency band.
Please refer to fig. 3. In practical applications, the antenna needs to be connected to the signal processing circuit through the coaxial cable 50. The coaxial cable 50 generally includes a cable core 51 and a cylindrical outer conductor 52 wrapped around the cable core 51. The dipole 30 is connected to a coaxial cable 50 as an excitation means of the antenna.
Please refer to fig. 2 and fig. 3 in combination. Specifically, the first connection arm 41 of the folded dipole 30 is provided with a first feeding end 311, and the second connection arm 42 is provided with a second feeding end 321. The second feeding end 321 has a through hole, the cable core 51 of the coaxial cable 50 passes through the through hole and is connected to the first feeding end 311, and the outer conductor 52 of the coaxial cable 50 is connected to the second feeding end 321. In particular implementations, the coaxial cables 50 may be routed in an orthogonal manner. For example, the cable core 51 and the outer conductor 52 of the coaxial cable 50 may be drawn perpendicularly to the substrate 10, so that the electromagnetic coupling between the coaxial cable 50 and the antenna is weak, thereby reducing the influence on the antenna radiation performance in the coaxial cable 50.
In consideration of the fact that the size of the outer conductor 52 of the coaxial cable 50 is larger than that of the cable core 51, the width of the second feeding end 321 is larger than that of the first feeding end 311 in order to enable good connection between the coaxial cable 50 and the antenna. Thereby enabling a good connection between the coaxial cable 50 and the antenna while ensuring miniaturization of the antenna. It will be appreciated that in the embodiments provided herein, the second connection arm 3232 has a width dimension that is greater than a width dimension of the first connection arm 3131. However, in other embodiments, the second connection arm 3232 may be partially widened.
In addition, in order to improve the impedance of the folded dipole 30, in the embodiment provided in the present application, the lower end of the first connection arm 31 has a U-shaped structure disposed downward. Correspondingly, at the upper end of the second connecting arm 32, a projection is provided, which extends into the U-shaped structure.
It is understood that, in a specific application, the structure of the folded dipole 30 can be reasonably selected and adjusted according to different requirements, which is not limited in the present application.
In addition, the folded dipole 30 may be formed on the dielectric substrate 10 by a process such as photolithography. The length of the folded dipole 30 (i.e. the sum of the lengths of the first connecting arm 31 and the second connecting arm 32) can be reasonably adjusted according to the required antenna bandwidth requirement, which is not limited in this application.
For the dipole 40, when the dipole 40 is manufactured, a process such as photolithography may be adopted to form the dipole 40 on the dielectric substrate 10, and the length of the dipole 40 (i.e., the sum of the lengths of the first vibrating arm 41 and the second vibrating arm 42) may be reasonably adjusted according to the required antenna bandwidth requirement, which is not limited in this application. Here, the dipoles can be understood as dipoles, half-wave dipoles, and the like. The symmetrical arrangement of the first vibration arm 41 and the second vibration arm 42 refers to symmetry in position, and in specific implementation, the first vibration arm 41 and the second vibration arm 42 may have the same or different structural dimensions.
In addition, in a specific application, the single dipole may further include a first auxiliary vibrating arm and a second auxiliary vibrating arm.
As shown in fig. 4, the first symmetric oscillator 40d is taken as an example. In one embodiment provided in the present application, the first dipole 40d includes a first vibrating arm 41, a second vibrating arm 42, a first auxiliary vibrating arm 43, and a second auxiliary vibrating arm 44. Wherein the first vibrating arm 41 and the second vibrating arm 42 are coaxially disposed and symmetrically disposed about the collective line 20. The first auxiliary vibrating arm 43 and the second auxiliary vibrating arm 44 are coaxially disposed and symmetrically disposed about the collective line 20. The first auxiliary vibrating arm 43 is located on the right side of the first vibrating arm 41 with a gap maintained, and the second auxiliary vibrating arm 44 is located on the right side of the second vibrating arm 42 with a gap maintained. By adding the first auxiliary vibrating arm 43 and the second auxiliary vibrating arm 44, the electromagnetic radiation efficiency and the receiving capability of the first dipole 40d can be improved.
In practical implementation, the first vibrating arm 41 and the first auxiliary vibrating arm 43 may have the same or different sizes. Accordingly, the second horn 42 and the second auxiliary horn 44 may be the same size or different sizes.
With continued reference to fig. 4, in the embodiment provided by the present application, the first vibrating arm 41 and the first auxiliary vibrating arm 43 have the same size, and the second vibrating arm 42 and the second auxiliary vibrating arm 44 have the same size.
In addition, in practical applications, since the current distribution on the first vibrating arm 41 and the first auxiliary vibrating arm 43 is almost the same, the first vibrating arm 41 and the first auxiliary vibrating arm 43 can be combined into a single structure.
For example, as shown in fig. 5, in one embodiment provided by the present application, the extended ends (upper ends in the drawing) of the first vibrating arm 41 and the first auxiliary vibrating arm 43 are connected to each other, so that the first vibrating arm 41 and the first auxiliary vibrating arm 43 are integrated into a single structure. Alternatively, it is understood that a slit is formed in the middle of the wide arm, and the portion located on the left side of the slit constitutes the first arm 41, and the portion located on the right side of the slit constitutes the first auxiliary arm 43.
Accordingly, since the current distribution on the second horn 42 and the second auxiliary horn 44 is almost the same, the second horn 42 and the second auxiliary horn 44 can be combined into a single structure. In a specific arrangement, the second vibrating arm 42 and the second auxiliary vibrating arm 44 may be correspondingly arranged according to the first vibrating arm 41 and the first auxiliary vibrating arm 43 to form a symmetrical structure.
In addition, when the first arm 41 and the first auxiliary arm 43 are configured to be independent of each other, the first arm 41 and the first auxiliary arm 43 may have different sizes. Accordingly, the dimensions of the second horn 42 and the second auxiliary horn 44 may be different.
For example, as shown in fig. 6, in another embodiment provided by the present application, the length of the first auxiliary vibrating arm 43 is slightly smaller than the length of the first vibrating arm 41. Accordingly, the length of the second auxiliary horn 44 is slightly less than the length of the second horn 42.
It is understood that, in a specific application, the relative size relationship between the first vibration arm 41 and the first auxiliary vibration arm 43 may be set according to practical situations. Correspondingly, the relative size relationship between the second vibration arm 42 and the second auxiliary vibration arm 44 can be set correspondingly according to practical situations, and the application of the invention does not limit the relative size relationship.
In addition, the second dipoles 40b, the third dipoles 40c, and the fourth dipoles 40d may be arranged correspondingly according to the structure type of the first dipoles 40d, which is not described herein again.
In addition, when the relative positions of the four dipoles are arranged. Each dipole can be regarded as an integral structure to be correspondingly arranged. For example, when the first dipole 40d includes the first horn arm 41, the second horn arm 42, the first auxiliary horn arm 43, and the second auxiliary horn arm 44, the combination of the first horn arm 41, the second horn arm 42, the first auxiliary horn arm 43, and the second auxiliary horn arm 44 may be regarded as an overall structure, and then the plurality of dipoles may be positionally arranged in accordance with the dimensional constraint of the above equation (2).
In a specific application, the dipole 40, the folded dipole 30, the first microstrip line 21 and the second microstrip line 22 may be disposed on the same board of the dielectric substrate 10, or may be disposed on two different boards of the dielectric substrate 10.
For example, as shown in fig. 6, in the embodiment provided in the present application, four dipoles 40, a first microstrip line 21, a second microstrip line 22, and a folded dipole 30 are all disposed on the same plate surface of the dielectric substrate 10.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, in another embodiment provided by the present application, the first microstrip line 21 is disposed on a first plate surface (e.g., an upper plate surface) of the dielectric substrate 10, and the second microstrip line 22 is disposed on a second plate surface (e.g., a lower plate surface) of the dielectric substrate 10. The first microstrip line 21 and the second microstrip line 22 also keep a parallel positional relationship, and a predetermined gap is still kept between the projection of the second microstrip line 22 on the first board surface and the first microstrip line 21. It is understood that, in other embodiments, the projection of the second microstrip line 22 on the first board surface may overlap or partially overlap with the first microstrip line 21. That is, the thickness of the base substrate 10 may constitute a gap between the first microstrip line 21 and the second microstrip line 22. The first oscillating arm 41 and the first auxiliary oscillating arm 43 of the first symmetric oscillator 40 are both located on the first plate surface of the dielectric substrate 10 and are both connected to the first microstrip line 21. The second oscillating arm 42 and the second auxiliary oscillating arm 44 of the first symmetric oscillator 40 are both located on the second plate surface of the dielectric substrate 10, and are both connected to the second microstrip line 22. The second dipole 40, the third dipole 40 and the fourth dipole 40 are all arranged correspondingly according to the arrangement position of the first dipole 40, and details are not described herein.
For the folded dipole 30, in the embodiment provided in the present application, the folded dipole 30 is located on the first board surface of the dielectric substrate 10, and the first connecting arm 31 is connected to the first microstrip line 21. In practical applications, a via hole or the like may be provided on the dielectric substrate 10, and the second connection arm 32 may be connected to the second microstrip line 22 through the via hole or the like. It is understood that, in other embodiments, the folded dipole 30 is also disposed on the second plate surface of the dielectric substrate 10, and in this case, the first dipole arm 41 may be connected to the first microstrip line 21 through a via or the like.
In the following, the beneficial effects of the antenna shown in fig. 4 will be explained by means of experimental data, taking as an example the antenna:
as shown in fig. 9, a current profile of the antenna is shown. As can be seen from the figure, the distribution density of the current is high at the folded dipole 30. In the four dipoles 40, the distribution density of the current from left to right tends to increase. The folded dipole 30 and the dipole 40 with the shorter length (e.g. the fourth dipole 40) are mainly responsible for the transmission and reception of high frequency electromagnetic signals, and the dipole 40 with the longer length (e.g. the first dipole 40) is mainly responsible for the transmission and reception of low frequency electromagnetic signals. In addition, the attenuation and penetration performance of the high frequency electromagnetic signals during propagation is lower than that of the low frequency electromagnetic signals. Therefore, in summary, the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application can ensure that the high frequency signal has sufficient radiation intensity and coverage, and simultaneously, can also effectively take into account the radiation intensity and coverage of the low frequency signal.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 10, a data simulation plot of the antenna radiation intensity in the X-Y direction is shown. In fig. 11, the antenna radiation pattern (also called directivity pattern) in the X-O-Y direction is shown. I.e. in the X-O-Y direction, the radiated signal of the antenna exhibits dual-beam characteristics.
In addition, as shown in fig. 12, a data simulation diagram of the radiation intensity of the antenna in the Y-Z direction is shown. In fig. 13, the antenna radiation pattern in the Y-O-Z direction is shown. I.e. in the Y-O-Z direction, the radiated signal of the antenna exhibits a three-beam characteristic.
In addition, as shown in fig. 14, a data simulation diagram of the radiation intensity of the antenna in the X-Z direction is shown. In fig. 15, the antenna radiation pattern in the X-O-Z direction is shown. I.e. in the X-O-Z direction, the radiated signal of the antenna exhibits dual-beam characteristics.
In sum, the antenna provided by the embodiment of the application can realize the omnidirectional radiation range in the three-dimensional space range and can realize the multi-beam characteristic, thereby being beneficial to improving the use effect of the antenna.
In addition, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, where the communication device includes the antenna, and the communication device may be an Optical Network Unit (ONU), an Access Point (AP), a Station (STA), a wireless router, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, or any other electronic device that employs the antenna. Alternatively, the communication device may be a module including the antenna. The communication device may further include a signal processing circuit electrically connected to the antenna to input or output a radio frequency signal. The signal processing circuit may be electrically connected to the antenna through a transmission medium. The transmission medium may be, for example, a coaxial cable, or any other medium. The antenna of the electronic equipment has better performance, and can realize wider frequency band and omnidirectional coverage.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (14)

1. An antenna, comprising:
a dielectric substrate;
an aggregate line disposed on the dielectric substrate, the aggregate line having a first end and a second end;
the folded dipole is arranged on the dielectric substrate, is positioned at the first end of the aggregation line and is connected with the aggregation line;
the N symmetrical oscillators are arranged on the dielectric substrate and are connected with the aggregation line; wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
the antenna satisfies:
Figure FDA0002851550090000011
when N is greater than 1, N the symmetry oscillator by the first end of set line sets gradually to the second end, and N the symmetry oscillator satisfies:
Figure FDA0002851550090000012
wherein n is the serial number of the dipole, and is sequentially increased from the first end to the second end of the set line; rFolding deviceThe distance from the folded dipole to the virtual top point of the antenna; rNThe distance from the Nth dipole to the virtual top point of the antenna is defined; l isnIs the length of the nth dipole; l isn+1The length of the (n + 1) th dipole; rnThe distance from the nth dipole to the virtual top point of the antenna; rn+1The distance from the (n + 1) th dipole to the virtual top point of the antenna is defined; d is a radical ofnThe distance between the nth symmetrical oscillator and the (n + 1) th symmetrical oscillator is set; dn+1The distance between the (n + 1) th symmetric oscillator and the (n + 2) th symmetric oscillator is set; τ is the aggregation factor of the antennas.
2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the aggregate line includes a first microstrip line and a second microstrip line;
the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line are arranged in parallel, and a gap is formed between the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line.
3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the dipole comprises a first dipole arm and a second dipole arm, the first dipole arm and the second dipole arm being symmetrically disposed about the collective line;
the first vibrating arm is positioned on one side of the first microstrip line, and one end, close to the first microstrip line, of the first vibrating arm is connected with the first microstrip line; the second vibrating arm is located on one side of the second microstrip line, and one end, close to the second microstrip line, of the second vibrating arm is connected with the second microstrip line.
4. The antenna according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the folded dipole comprises a first connecting arm and a second connecting arm, the first connecting arm is connected with one end of the first microstrip line, and the second connecting arm is connected with one end of the second microstrip line.
5. An antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that the first connecting arm has a first feeding end for connection with an inner conductor of a coaxial line and the second connecting arm has a second feeding end for connection with an outer conductor of a coaxial line.
6. An antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that the width of the second feeding end is larger than the width of the first feeding end.
7. An antenna according to any of claims 4 to 6, wherein the second feeding end has a through hole, and the inner conductor of the coaxial line is connected to the first feeding end after passing through the through hole.
8. The antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the first microstrip line, the second microstrip line, the N dipoles and the folded dipole are located on the same plane of the dielectric substrate.
9. The antenna according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the first microstrip line and the first vibrating arm are located on a first plate surface of the dielectric substrate, and the second microstrip line and the second vibrating arm are located on a second plate surface of the dielectric substrate;
the first plate surface and the second plate surface are two plate surfaces which are deviated from each other.
10. The antenna of claim 9, wherein the folded dipole is located on the first or second face of the dielectric substrate.
11. An antenna according to any of claims 3 to 10, wherein the dipole further comprises a first auxiliary horn and a second auxiliary horn, the first and second auxiliary horns being symmetrically disposed about the collective line;
the first auxiliary vibrating arm is positioned on one side of the first microstrip line, and one end, close to the first microstrip line, of the first auxiliary vibrating arm is connected with the first microstrip line; the second auxiliary vibration arm is positioned on one side of the second microstrip line, and one end, close to the second microstrip line, of the second auxiliary vibration arm is connected with the second microstrip line;
the first auxiliary vibration arm and the first vibration arm are arranged adjacently, and the second auxiliary vibration arm and the second vibration arm are arranged adjacently.
12. The antenna of claim 11, wherein the first auxiliary horn is disposed closer to the first end of the aggregate line than the first horn, and wherein the length of the first auxiliary horn is smaller than the length of the first horn;
the second auxiliary vibrating arm is arranged close to the first end of the aggregation line compared with the second vibrating arm, and the length of the second auxiliary vibrating arm is smaller than that of the second vibrating arm.
13. The antenna according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the extended end of the first vibrating arm and the extended end of the first auxiliary vibrating arm are connected to each other; and the extending end of the second vibration arm and the extending end of the second auxiliary vibration arm are connected with each other.
14. A communication device comprising a signal processing circuit and an antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, the signal processing circuit being electrically connected to the antenna.
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