CN114662181A - Intelligent layout optimization method for prefabricated part storage yard - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an intelligent layout optimization method for a prefabricated part storage yard. The method adopts the prefabricated part arrangement rule, combines the idea of hierarchical layout and lowest horizontal line, and can realize the full utilization of the storage yard. And (3) selecting, partially exchanging and partially exchanging the prefabricated member sequences, selecting partial optimal solutions in each iteration process, selecting the optimal prefabricated member sequences from the solution groups according to corresponding rules, and ensuring that the next group of adaptive values is not lower than the previous group. Meanwhile, new varieties are added, namely new prefabricated part sequences are randomly generated to replace old prefabricated part sequences so as to prevent the local optimal part from being trapped.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of layout of prefabricated part yards in constructional engineering, in particular to an intelligent layout optimization method for a prefabricated part yard.
Background
The building industry in China is rapidly developed, the building scale is continuously increased, and the assembled building is vigorously popularized in China. Prefabricated components are an important component of prefabricated buildings. The main function of the prefabricated part storage yard is to store the prefabricated parts before leaving the factory.
Through the analysis of prefabricated part factories in key areas of the whole country, the problems that a plurality of storage yards face the problems of disordered prefabricated part management, disordered prefabricated part field arrangement, low storage yard utilization rate and the like at the present stage are found, and the informatization management of the prefabricated parts is realized, so that the overall layout optimization of the limited storage yards is reasonably carried out, and the important influence is brought to the normal operation of the prefabricated part factories in the later stage.
Therefore, there is a need for an intelligent yard layout optimization method that can improve the utilization rate of the yard and can perform information management on prefabricated parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent layout optimization method for a prefabricated part storage yard, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted for achieving the aim of the invention is that the intelligent layout optimization method for the prefabricated part storage yard comprises the following steps:
1) and carrying out visual identification on the target storage yard and the prefabricated parts to be stacked to obtain the range of the target storage yard and the information of the prefabricated parts. Wherein the target yard range includes a yard area and a yard shape. The prefabricated part information includes the kind of the prefabricated part, the number of the prefabricated parts, and the minimum outline of the prefabricated part. Images of the individual prefabricated components are acquired. And sequentially carrying out binarization processing, noise reduction processing, contour reading, size identification and enveloping rectangle method processing on the prefabricated part image to obtain the minimum contour line of the prefabricated part. The minimum contour line of the prefabricated part is a rectangular envelope line containing the minimum bottom area of the prefabricated part and the carrier.
2) And encoding the prefabricated part and binding the prefabricated part information with the code. The code is Ri (i ═ 1,2, 3, … … … …, n).
3) And establishing a layout optimization model with the aims of realizing the full utilization of the yard space and the informatization management. The parameter variables of the layout optimization model include a target yard range and prefabricated part information.
4) And determining the maximum iteration number according to the requirement of a decision maker and the number of the prefabricated parts.
5) A group of prefabricated parts is initialized. Y preform sequences Xj (j ═ 1,2, 3, … …, y) are randomly generated. Xj corresponds to an arrangement (Rj1, Rj2, Rj3, … …, Rjn) of prefabricated elements (R1, R2, R3, … … … …, Rn).
6) And based on the arrangement rule of the prefabricated parts, sequentially arranging the prefabricated parts on the storage yard according to the coding arrangement sequence, and calculating the utilization rate of the storage yard according to the target function.
7) The sequence of prefabricated parts of the top 10% of yard utilization is created as an initial group.
8) And randomly pairing the prefabricated member sequences in the initial group, and performing mutual exchange operation on the coding parts of the paired sequences to generate a new group.
9) The sequence of 5% of the prefabricated parts in the initial group is subjected to a partial self-exchange operation, resulting in a new group.
10) And step 6) is repeated by summarizing the prefabricated part sequences in all the new groups. Until the selected convergence index meets the requirement or the maximum iteration number is reached. And stopping operation and outputting the prefabricated member sequence codes.
11) And carrying out moving and stacking on the prefabricated parts according to the sequence coding of the prefabricated parts.
Further, after the step 11), the stacking information of the prefabricated parts is collected. And making a form by using the prefabricated part information and the prefabricated part stacking information for query and retrieval.
Further, in step 11), the loading device identifies the codes of the prefabricated parts, acquires the information of the stacking position units of the storage yard, which are related to the prefabricated parts with the same codes, according to the sequence codes of the prefabricated parts, and carries out the moving and stacking of the prefabricated parts.
The invention also discloses an intelligent layout optimization system of the prefabricated part storage yard, which comprises a visual recognition system, an optimized arrangement system, a controller and loading equipment.
The vision recognition system includes a depth camera and an image processor. The depth camera is used for acquiring surface data parameters of a target storage yard and the prefabricated part and transmitting the surface data parameters to the image processor. And the image processor fuses the data and calculates and analyzes the data to obtain the yard range and the prefabricated part information. The vision recognition system transmits yard coverage and prefabricated component information to a controller.
The optimized arrangement system adopts a genetic algorithm and a layered lowest horizontal line algorithm to carry out the optimized arrangement of the prefabricated part storage yard. The optimal arrangement system comprises a processor and a storage device. The storage device stores a preset language programming code program. When being executed by a processor, the preset language programming code program realizes steps 3) to 10) in the claim 1.
The controller is configured to determine a destination stacking position to which the prefabricated part needs to be sent according to the prefabricated part sequence code. The controller sends a move instruction and a stack instruction to the loading device.
The loading device stacks the prefabricated parts in response to the transfer instructions and the stacking instructions.
The invention also discloses a storage medium on which a preset language programming code program is stored, the preset language programming code program realizing steps 3) to 10) in claim 1 when being executed by a processor.
The technical effects of the invention are undoubted:
A. the method is suitable for solving the problem of multi-scene yard layout optimization;
B. the arrangement rule of the adopted prefabricated parts is combined with the idea of hierarchical layout and lowest horizontal line, so that the storage yard can be fully utilized;
C. and (3) selecting, partially exchanging and partially exchanging the prefabricated member sequences, selecting partial optimal solutions in each iteration process, selecting the optimal prefabricated member sequences from the solution groups according to corresponding rules, and ensuring that the next group of adaptive values is not lower than the previous group. Meanwhile, new varieties are added, namely, new prefabricated part sequences are randomly generated to replace old prefabricated part sequences so as to prevent the prefabricated parts from falling into local optimality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a layout optimization method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a yard;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of yard layout optimization.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but it should be understood that the scope of the subject matter described above is not limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the invention and the scope of the invention is covered by the present invention according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an intelligent layout optimization method for a prefabricated part yard, including the following steps:
1) and carrying out visual identification on the target storage yard and the prefabricated parts to be stacked to obtain the range of the target storage yard and the information of the prefabricated parts. Wherein the target yard range includes a yard area and a yard shape. The prefabricated part information includes the kind of the prefabricated part, the number of the prefabricated parts, and the minimum outline of the prefabricated part. Images of the individual prefabricated components are acquired. And sequentially carrying out binarization processing, noise reduction processing, contour reading, size identification and enveloping rectangle method processing on the prefabricated part image to obtain the minimum contour line of the prefabricated part. The minimum contour line of the prefabricated part is a rectangular envelope line containing the minimum bottom area of the prefabricated part and the carrier.
2) And encoding the prefabricated part and binding the prefabricated part information with the code. The code is Ri (i ═ 1,2, 3, … … … …, n).
3) And establishing a layout optimization model with the aims of realizing the full utilization of the yard space and the informatization management. The parameter variables of the layout optimization model comprise a target yard range and prefabricated part information.
4) And determining the maximum iteration number according to the requirement of a decision maker and the number of the prefabricated parts.
5) A group of prefabricated parts is initialized. Y preform sequences Xj (j ═ 1,2, 3, … …, y) are randomly generated. Xj corresponds to an arrangement (Rj1, Rj2, Rj3, … …, Rjn) of prefabricated elements (R1, R2, R3, … … … …, Rn).
6) And based on the arrangement rule of the prefabricated parts, sequentially laying the prefabricated parts on the storage yard according to the coding arrangement sequence, and calculating the utilization rate of the storage yard according to the target function.
7) The sequence of prefabricated parts of the top 10% of yard utilization is created as an initial group.
8) And randomly pairing the prefabricated member sequences in the initial group, and performing mutual exchange operation on the coding parts of the paired sequences to generate a new group.
9) The sequence of 5% of the prefabricated parts in the initial group is subjected to a partial self-exchange operation, resulting in a new group.
10) And step 6) is repeated for all the prefabricated part sequences in the new group. Until the selected convergence index meets the requirements or the maximum iteration number is reached. And stopping operation and outputting the prefabricated member sequence codes.
11) And carrying out moving and stacking on the prefabricated parts according to the sequence coding of the prefabricated parts.
12) And collecting stacking information of the prefabricated parts. And making a form by using the prefabricated part information and the prefabricated part stacking information for query and retrieval.
Example 2:
the main steps of this embodiment are the same as embodiment 1, wherein, in step 11), the loading device identifies the codes of the prefabricated parts, and obtains the information of the stacking position units of the storage yard, which are related to the prefabricated parts with the same codes, according to the sequence codes of the prefabricated parts, and the prefabricated parts are transported and stacked.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides an intelligent layout optimization method for a prefabricated part storage yard by taking a certain rectangular storage yard as an example, which comprises the following steps:
1) and carrying out visual identification on the target storage yard and the prefabricated parts to be stacked to obtain the range of the target storage yard and the information of the prefabricated parts. Wherein the target yard range includes a yard area and a yard shape. The prefabricated part information includes the type of the prefabricated part, the number of the prefabricated parts, and the minimum outline of the prefabricated part. Images of the individual prefabricated components are acquired. And sequentially carrying out binarization processing, noise reduction processing, contour reading, size identification and enveloping rectangle method processing on the prefabricated part image to obtain the minimum contour line of the prefabricated part. The minimum contour line of the prefabricated part is a rectangular envelope line containing the minimum bottom area of the prefabricated part and the carrier. Referring to fig. 2, in this embodiment, 0.2m is added to each side of the bottom surface of the prefabricated part.
2) And encoding the prefabricated part and binding the prefabricated part information with the code. The code is Ri (i ═ 1,2, 3, … … … …, n).
3) And establishing a layout optimization model with the aims of realizing the full utilization of the yard space and the informatization management. The parameter variables of the layout optimization model include a target yard range and prefabricated part information.
4) And determining the maximum iteration number according to the requirement of a decision maker and the number of the prefabricated parts.
5) A group of prefabricated parts is initialized. Y preform sequences Xj (j ═ 1,2, 3, … …, y) are randomly generated. Xj corresponds to an arrangement (Rj1, Rj2, Rj3, … …, Rjn) of prefabricated elements (R1, R2, R3, … … … …, Rn).
6) And based on the arrangement rule of the prefabricated parts, sequentially laying the prefabricated parts on the storage yard according to the coding arrangement sequence, and calculating the utilization rate of the storage yard according to the target function.
Referring to fig. 3, prefabricated parts are sequentially arranged from a certain corner of the layout space in a coding order, prefabricated part combinations with similar lengths and widths are adjacently arranged, and when one prefabricated part Ri is to be arranged, a horizontal line at the bottommost part is intensively selected on the contour line, and if a plurality of prefabricated parts Ri exist, the leftmost part is selected. If the width of the section of line is larger than the width of the contour line of the prefabricated part to be discharged, discharging the prefabricated part at the position, and updating the bottommost contour line of the prefabricated part; otherwise, opening up a new layer by taking the highest horizontal line of the prefabricated parts arranged on the current layer as the reference, and updating the outline of the bottommost part of the prefabricated parts. And repeating the process until all the prefabricated parts are discharged, enabling the residual area of the discharged storage yard to be as large as possible, arranging new prefabricated parts in the residual storage yard, and calculating the utilization rate of the storage yard according to the target function, namely calculating the adaptability value. When calculating the utilization rate of the storage yard, the area of m prefabricated components in the storage yard is respectively Si (i is 1,2, …, n), the number of each prefabricated component is ni (i is 1,2, …, n), the width of the contour line is wi, and the length is li, so that the total number of the prefabricated components in the storage yard is
Suppose the yard isThe width of the rectangular storage yard is W, the length of the rectangular storage yard is L, the vacant area in the middle of the arranged prefabricated parts is not considered, only the rest regular area S is considered to be as large as possible, and the utilization rate of the storage yard is increased
Taking the prefabricated factory in Qijiang as an example, the area of a storage yard 3 of 6400m2 for stacking prefabricated parts of an industrial house, and the types of the stacked prefabricated parts comprise external wall panels, laminated plates, internal wall panels, light partition wall panels, stairs and balconies. Each type of prefabricated part has an independent stacking area, taking a laminated slab as an example, the planned layout area is 750m2, the length L is 30m, and the width W is 25 m. The same pile of superimposed sheet prefabricated component can be stacked 6, and the quantity and the size of superimposed sheet are stacked as planning as shown in Table 1, and the stock dump utilization ratio:
TABLE 1
7) The sequence of prefabricated parts of the top 10% of yard utilization is created as an initial group. And calculating the adaptive value of the prefabricated part sequence, and creating a group of the prefabricated part sequences with the utilization rate of the top 10% of the storage yard in the upper group building group through a selection method of roulette.
8) And randomly pairing the prefabricated member sequences in the initial group, and performing mutual exchange operation on the coding parts of the paired sequences to generate a new group. The two sequences of prefabricated parts to be paired are respectively marked as XiAnd XjFollowed by XiAnd XjRandomly selecting one position on the coded prefabricated member sequence as a mutual exchange point, and exchanging the second half parts of the 2 prefabricated member sequences to obtain 2 new prefabricated member sequences X'iAnd Xj' correspondingly exchanging the repeated codes of the two new prefabricated component sequences to obtain 2 legal prefabricated component sequences Xi"and Xj″。
9) The sequence of 5% of the prefabricated parts in the initial group is subjected to a partial self-exchange operation, resulting in a new group. The prefabricated member sequence coding is repeated when partial self-exchange operation is carried out on the prefabricated member sequence, so that a new self-exchange operator is designed when the prefabricated member sequence X to be subjected to self-exchange is carried outkIn, randomly selecting 2 coded bits; then the coding values on the selected 2 coding bits are exchanged to obtain 1 new prefabricated member sequence Xk′。
10) And step 6) is repeated by summarizing the prefabricated part sequences in all the new groups. Until the selected convergence index meets the requirement or the maximum iteration number is reached. And stopping operation and outputting the prefabricated member sequence codes.
11) And carrying out transportation and stacking on the prefabricated parts according to the sequence codes of the prefabricated parts.
12) And collecting stacking information of the prefabricated parts. And making a form by using the prefabricated part information and the prefabricated part stacking information for query and retrieval.
Example 4:
the embodiment provides an intelligent layout optimization system of a prefabricated part storage yard, which comprises a visual recognition system, an optimized arrangement system, a controller and a loading device.
The vision recognition system includes a depth camera and an image processor. The depth camera is used for acquiring surface data parameters of a target storage yard and the prefabricated part and transmitting the surface data parameters to the image processor. And the image processor fuses the data and calculates and analyzes the data to obtain the yard range and the prefabricated part information. The vision recognition system transmits yard range and prefabricated component information to the controller.
The optimized arrangement system adopts a genetic algorithm and a layered lowest horizontal line algorithm to carry out the optimized arrangement of the prefabricated part storage yard. The optimal arrangement system comprises a processor and a storage device. The storage device stores a preset language programming code program. When the programming code program of the preset language is executed by the processor, the steps 3) to 10) in the embodiment 1 are realized.
The controller is configured to determine a destination stacking position to which the prefabricated part needs to be sent according to the prefabricated part sequence code. The controller sends a move instruction and a stack instruction to the loading device.
The loading device stacks the prefabricated parts in response to the transfer instructions and the stacking instructions.
Example 5:
this embodiment provides a storage medium, on which a preset language programming code program is stored, and the preset language programming code program implements steps 3) to 10) as in embodiment 1 when executed by a processor.
Claims (5)
1. An intelligent layout optimization method for a prefabricated part storage yard is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) carrying out visual identification on a target storage yard and prefabricated parts to be stacked to obtain the range of the target storage yard and the information of the prefabricated parts; wherein the target yard range comprises a yard area and a yard shape; the prefabricated part information comprises the type of the prefabricated part, the number of the prefabricated parts and the minimum contour line of the prefabricated part; collecting images of all prefabricated parts; sequentially carrying out binarization processing, noise reduction processing, contour reading, size identification and enveloping rectangle method processing on the prefabricated part image to obtain the minimum contour line of the prefabricated part; the minimum contour line of the prefabricated part is a rectangular envelope line containing the minimum bottom area of the prefabricated part and the carrier;
2) coding the prefabricated part, and binding the information of the prefabricated part with the code; coded as Ri(i＝1，2，3，…………，n)；
3) Establishing a layout optimization model with the aims of realizing the full utilization of the yard space and the informatization management; the parameter variables of the layout optimization model comprise a target storage yard range and prefabricated part information;
4) determining the maximum iteration times according to the requirements of the decision maker and the number of the prefabricated parts;
5) initializing a prefabricated part group; randomly generating y prefabricated part sequences Xj(j＝1，2，3，……，y)；XjCorresponding prefabricated part (R)1，R2，R3，…………，Rn) An arrangement of (R)j1，Rj2，Rj3，……，Rjn)；
6) Based on the arrangement rule of the prefabricated parts, sequentially arranging the prefabricated parts on the storage yard according to the coding arrangement sequence, and calculating the utilization rate of the storage yard according to a target function;
7) establishing a prefabricated part sequence with the utilization rate of the storage yard being 10% as an initial group;
8) randomly pairing the sequences of the prefabricated parts in the initial group, and performing mutual exchange operation on the coding parts of the paired sequences to generate a new group;
9) performing partial self-exchange operation on 5% of prefabricated part sequences in the initial group to generate a new group;
10) step 6) is repeated for the sequence of the prefabricated parts in all the new groups; until the selected convergence index meets the requirement or reaches the maximum iteration times; stopping operation, and outputting a prefabricated member sequence code;
11) and carrying out moving and stacking on the prefabricated parts according to the sequence coding of the prefabricated parts.
2. The intelligent layout optimization method of a prefabricated part yard according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the step 11), collecting stacking information of the prefabricated parts; and making a form by using the prefabricated part information and the prefabricated part stacking information for query and retrieval.
3. The intelligent layout optimization method of a prefabricated part yard according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 11), the loading equipment identifies the codes of the prefabricated parts, acquires the information of the storage yard stacking position units of the prefabricated parts related to the same code according to the sequence codes of the prefabricated parts, and moves, transports and stacks the prefabricated parts.
4. The utility model provides an intelligent layout optimization system of prefabricated component storage yard which characterized in that: the system comprises a visual recognition system, an optimized arrangement system, a controller and loading equipment;
the vision recognition system includes a depth camera and an image processor; the depth camera is used for acquiring surface data parameters of a target storage yard and the prefabricated part and transmitting the surface data parameters to the image processor; the image processor fuses data and calculates and analyzes to obtain the yard range and prefabricated part information; the visual recognition system transmits the yard range and prefabricated part information to the controller;
the optimized arrangement system adopts a genetic algorithm and a layered lowest horizontal line algorithm to carry out the optimized arrangement of the prefabricated part storage yard; the optimized arrangement system comprises a processor and a storage device; the storage device is stored with a preset language programming code program; when the programming code program of the preset language is executed by a processor, the steps 3) to 10) in the claim 1 are realized;
the controller is configured to determine a stacking position of a destination storage yard to which the prefabricated part needs to be sent according to the sequence coding of the prefabricated part; the controller sends a moving instruction and a stacking instruction to the loading equipment;
the loading device stacks the prefabricated parts in response to the transfer instructions and the stacking instructions.
5. A storage medium having stored thereon a preset language programming code program, characterized in that: the preset language programming code program when executed by the processor implements steps 3) to 10) as claimed in claim 1.
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