CN114660841B - Display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, driving method and display device - Google Patents
Display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, driving method and display device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114660841B CN114660841B CN202210202151.XA CN202210202151A CN114660841B CN 114660841 B CN114660841 B CN 114660841B CN 202210202151 A CN202210202151 A CN 202210202151A CN 114660841 B CN114660841 B CN 114660841B
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Classifications
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/1323—Arrangements for providing a switchable viewing angle
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
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- G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13712—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering the liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
- G09G3/3648—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix
Abstract
The invention discloses a display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, a driving method and a display device, wherein the display panel comprises a dimming box, the dimming box comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and a negative liquid crystal layer, the first substrate is provided with a first polaroid and a viewing angle control electrode, the second substrate is provided with a second polaroid, a first electrode, a second electrode, a scanning line, a first viewing angle control signal line, a second viewing angle control signal line, a first thin film transistor and a second thin film transistor, light transmission shafts of the first polaroid and the second polaroid are mutually perpendicular, the first electrode is electrically connected with the scanning line and the first viewing angle control signal line through the first thin film transistor, the second electrode is electrically connected with the scanning line and the second viewing angle control signal line through the second thin film transistor, and the pretilt angle of the negative liquid crystal layer is 30-90 degrees. The color cast of the dimming box under the condition of wide visual angle or no power supply and the uneven display of the picture under the condition of narrow visual angle can be avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of displays, in particular to a display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, a driving method and a display device.
Background
With the continuous progress of the liquid crystal display technology, the visual angle of the display is widened to more than 160 degrees from the original 112 degrees, and people enjoy the visual experience brought by a large visual angle and meanwhile want to effectively protect business confidentiality and personal privacy so as to avoid business loss or embarrassment caused by screen information leakage. In addition to the wide viewing angle requirement, there are many occasions where the display device is required to have a function of switching between wide and narrow viewing angles.
At present, the shutter shielding film is attached to the display screen to realize wide and narrow viewing angle switching, when peep prevention is needed, the shutter shielding film is utilized to shield the screen, so that the viewing angle can be reduced, but the shutter shielding film is additionally prepared in the mode, great inconvenience is caused to a user, one shutter shielding film can only realize one viewing angle, once the shutter shielding film is attached, the viewing angle is fixed in a narrow viewing angle mode, free switching cannot be performed between the wide viewing angle mode and the narrow viewing angle mode, and the peep prevention sheet can cause luminance reduction to influence the display effect.
The display panel in the prior art also has a display box for realizing switching between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle by using a dimming box, the display panel further comprises the display box, the display box is used for normal picture display, the dimming box is used for controlling the switching of the viewing angle, the dimming box comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate, viewing angle control electrodes on the first substrate and the second substrate apply a vertical electric field to liquid crystal molecules, so that the liquid crystal deflects towards the vertical direction, and a narrow viewing angle mode is realized. Switching between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle can be achieved by controlling the voltage on the viewing angle control electrode. However, such a display panel of the conventional architecture is not ideal in display effect in the case where the dimming box is wide viewing angle or is not powered, and color shift may occur in display in the case where the dimming box is wide viewing angle or is not powered. The common dimming box has higher transmittance to green light when displaying or not powering on the wide viewing angle, so that the whole picture of the display panel is greenish when the dimming box is wide viewing angle or not powering on; moreover, under the condition of higher brightness of the display panel, the peep-proof effect of the narrow viewing angle is poor; in addition, the resistance of the visual angle control electrode for controlling visual angle switching is large, so that the signal is distorted in the transmission process, and the picture display is uneven.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a display panel with switchable wide and narrow visual angles, a driving method and a display device, so as to solve the problems of color deviation and uneven picture display of the display panel in the prior art.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a display panel with a switchable wide and narrow viewing angle, which comprises a dimming box and a display box which is overlapped with the dimming box, wherein the dimming box comprises a first substrate, a second substrate which is arranged opposite to the first substrate, and a negative liquid crystal layer which is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first polaroid is arranged on the first substrate, a second polaroid is arranged on the second substrate, and a first light transmission axis of the first polaroid and a second light transmission axis of the second polaroid are mutually perpendicular;
the first substrate is provided with a visual angle control electrode at one side facing the negative liquid crystal layer, the second substrate is provided with a first electrode and a second electrode at one side facing the negative liquid crystal layer, the second substrate is also provided with a plurality of scanning lines, a first visual angle control signal line, a second visual angle control signal line, a plurality of first thin film transistors and a plurality of second thin film transistors at one side facing the negative liquid crystal layer, the first electrode is electrically connected with the scanning lines adjacent to the first thin film transistors and the first visual angle control signal line through the plurality of first thin film transistors, and the second electrode is electrically connected with the scanning lines adjacent to the second thin film transistors and the second visual angle control signal line through the plurality of second thin film transistors;
The first substrate is provided with a first alignment layer on one side facing the negative liquid crystal layer, the second substrate is provided with a second alignment layer on one side facing the negative liquid crystal layer, pretilt angles of a first alignment direction of the first alignment layer and a second alignment direction of the second alignment layer are 30-90 degrees, the first alignment direction and the second alignment direction are vertically symmetrical along the central axis of the negative liquid crystal layer, and projections of the first alignment direction and the second alignment direction on the second substrate are parallel and co-directional.
Further, the first electrode comprises a plurality of first electrode strips, the second electrode comprises a plurality of second electrode strips, and the first electrode strips and the second electrode strips are parallel to each other and are alternately arranged.
Further, the included angles between the projection of the first electrode strip and the second electrode strip on the second substrate and the second light transmission shaft are 38-52 degrees.
Further, the first electrode strip comprises a first bending part and a second bending part, the first bending part and the second bending part are alternately arranged at the head and the tail, the second electrode strip comprises a third bending part and a fourth bending part, the third bending part and the fourth bending part are alternately arranged at the head and the tail, the first bending part and the third bending part are mutually parallel and alternately arranged, and the second bending part and the fourth bending part are mutually parallel and alternately arranged.
Further, the sum of the included angles between the projection of the first bending part and the second bending part on the second substrate and the second light transmission shaft is 90 degrees; the sum of the included angles between the projection of the third bending part and the fourth bending part on the second substrate and the second light transmission shaft is 90 degrees.
Further, the dimming box is arranged on the upper side of the display box, the second substrate is also provided with a brightness enhancement film, and the brightness enhancement film and the second polaroid are mutually attached.
Further, the display box comprises a color film substrate, an array substrate arranged opposite to the color film substrate and a liquid crystal layer positioned between the color film substrate and the array substrate, wherein a third polaroid is arranged on one side, far away from the dimming box, of the display box, and a third light transmission axis of the third polaroid is mutually perpendicular to a second light transmission axis of the second polaroid.
The present invention also provides a driving method of a display panel, the driving method is used for driving the display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, the display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles comprises a wide viewing angle mode, a narrow viewing angle mode and a charge release mode, and the driving method comprises: when the wide view angle mode and the narrow view angle mode are switched, the charge release mode is inserted between the wide view angle mode and the narrow view angle mode;
In the wide viewing angle mode, a first direct current common voltage is applied to the viewing angle control electrode, a first alternating current voltage is applied to the first electrode, a second alternating current voltage is applied to the second electrode, the periods of the first alternating current voltage and the second alternating current voltage are the same and the polarities of the first alternating current voltage and the second alternating current voltage are opposite, and/or the pressure difference between the first direct current common voltage and the first alternating current voltage and/or the pressure difference between the first direct current common voltage and the second alternating current voltage are larger than a preset value;
in the narrow viewing angle mode, applying a second direct current common voltage to the viewing angle control electrode, applying a third alternating current voltage to the first electrode, and applying a fourth alternating current voltage to the second electrode, wherein the periods and polarities of the third alternating current voltage and the fourth alternating current voltage are the same, and the pressure difference between the second direct current common voltage and the third alternating current voltage and the pressure difference between the second direct current common voltage and the fourth alternating current voltage are smaller than preset values;
in the charge release mode, the first electrode and the second electrode are grounded.
Further, the display panel controls the dimming box to be set in the wide viewing angle mode within a preset time after the display panel is started and before the display panel is shut down.
The invention also provides a display device which comprises the display panel with the switchable wide and narrow visual angles.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the negative liquid crystal layer, the pretilt angles of the first alignment direction of the first alignment layer and the second alignment direction of the second alignment layer are 30-90 degrees, and the projections of the first alignment direction and the second alignment direction on the second substrate are parallel and in the same direction, so that the problem of color cast of the dimming box under the condition of wide visual angle or no power supply is avoided; meanwhile, a plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of first thin film transistors are adopted to control a first visual angle control signal line to apply visual angle control signals to a first electrode, and a plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of second thin film transistors are adopted to control a second visual angle control signal line to apply visual angle control signals to a second electrode, so that the problem that the signals are distorted in the transmission process due to overlarge impedance of the first electrode and the second electrode, and uneven picture display occurs in a narrow visual angle is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles in an initial state according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles in a wide viewing angle mode according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles in a narrow viewing angle mode according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a second substrate according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a projection of a first light transmission axis, a second light transmission axis, a first alignment direction, and a second alignment direction onto a second substrate according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a first electrode and a second electrode according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view of the first electrode, the second electrode and the negative liquid crystal layer in the wide viewing angle mode according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of waveforms applied to a wide-and-narrow-viewing-angle switchable display panel in a wide viewing angle mode according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of waveforms applied to a wide-narrow view switchable display panel in a narrow view mode according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a display panel driving method according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a simulation diagram of the display panel of the present invention with an alignment direction of 45℃in a wide viewing angle mode;
FIG. 12 is a simulation diagram of the display panel of the present invention with an alignment direction of 135℃in a wide viewing angle mode;
FIG. 13 is a simulation diagram of the display panel of the present invention with an alignment direction of 130℃and in a wide viewing angle mode;
FIG. 14 is a simulation diagram of the display panel of the present invention with an alignment direction of 140℃in a wide viewing angle mode;
FIG. 15 is a simulation diagram of the display panel of the present invention with an alignment direction of 45 and in a narrow viewing angle mode;
FIG. 16 is a simulation diagram of the display panel of the present invention with an alignment direction of 135℃in a narrow viewing angle mode;
FIG. 17 is a simulation diagram of the display panel of the present invention with an alignment direction of 130 and in a narrow viewing angle mode;
FIG. 18 is a simulation diagram of the display panel of the present invention with an alignment direction of 140℃and in a narrow viewing angle mode;
FIG. 19 is a chromaticity diagram of a display panel according to the present invention in an initialized state;
FIG. 20 is a schematic view showing a planar structure of a display device according to the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a second planar structure of the display device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to further describe the technical means and effects adopted by the invention to achieve the preset aim, the following detailed description is given of the specific implementation, structure, characteristics and effects of the display panel and driving method, display device with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, which are proposed according to the invention, by combining the accompanying drawings and the preferred embodiment:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles in an initial state according to the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles in a wide viewing angle mode according to the present invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles in a narrow viewing angle mode according to the present invention. Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of a second substrate according to the present invention. Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a projection of the first transmission axis, the second transmission axis, the first alignment direction and the second alignment direction on the second substrate according to the present invention. Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of the first electrode and the second electrode in the present invention. Fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of the first electrode, the second electrode and the negative liquid crystal layer in the wide viewing angle mode according to the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles provided by the present invention includes a dimming box 10 and a display box 20 stacked with the dimming box 10. Preferably, the dimming box 10 is disposed above the display box 20, that is, the display box 20 is disposed between the dimming box 10 and the backlight module 40, the dimming box 10 is used for controlling the viewing angle of the display panel, and the display box 20 is used for controlling the display panel to display a normal picture.
The dimming box 10 includes a first substrate 11, a second substrate 12 disposed opposite to the first substrate 11, and a negative liquid crystal layer 13 disposed between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. The negative liquid crystal layer 13 uses liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy, and the phase retardation design interval of the negative liquid crystal layer 13 is 600nm to 1600nm, preferably 800nm. As shown in fig. 1, in the initial state, the negative liquid crystal molecules near the first substrate 11 and the negative liquid crystal molecules near the second substrate 12 are inclined in the same direction, i.e., the long axes of the negative liquid crystal molecules near the first substrate 11 and the long axes of the negative liquid crystal molecules near the second substrate 12 form a certain angle.
Specifically, the first substrate 11 is provided with a first alignment layer (not shown) on a side facing the negative liquid crystal layer 13, the first alignment layer being for aligning the negative liquid crystal molecules on a side close to the first substrate 11, that is, a long axis of the negative liquid crystal molecules on a side close to the first substrate 11 is parallel to the first alignment direction P1; the second substrate 12 is provided with a second alignment layer (not shown) on a side facing the negative liquid crystal layer 13, the second alignment layer being for aligning the negative liquid crystal molecules on a side close to the second substrate 12, i.e. the long axes of the negative liquid crystal molecules on a side close to the second substrate 12 are parallel to the second alignment direction P2. The pretilt angle of the first alignment direction P1 is 30 ° -90 °, the pretilt angle of the second alignment direction P2 is 30 ° -90 °, and preferably, the pretilt angle of the first alignment direction P1 is the same as the pretilt angle of the second alignment direction P2, that is, the first alignment direction P1 and the second alignment direction P2 are vertically symmetrical along the central axis of the negative liquid crystal layer 13. As shown in fig. 1, the first alignment direction P1 is inclined toward the lower side of the first substrate 11 and forms an angle α1, 30 ° < - α1<90 °, with the first substrate 11, and the second alignment direction P2 is inclined toward the upper side of the second substrate 12 and forms an angle α2, 30 ° < α2<90 °, with the second substrate 12, and is inclined upward as a positive angle and downward as a negative angle. Preferably, α2= - α1=89°, i.e. the first alignment direction P1 is inclined 89 ° towards the lower side of the first substrate 11 and the second alignment direction P2 is inclined 89 ° towards the upper side of the second substrate 12.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the first substrate 11 is provided with a first polarizer 31, the second substrate 12 is provided with a second polarizer 32, and the first transmission axis T1 of the first polarizer 31 and the second transmission axis T2 of the second polarizer 32 are perpendicular to each other.
As shown in fig. 5, the projections of the first alignment direction P1 and the second alignment direction P2 on the second substrate 12 are parallel and co-directional. As shown in a of fig. 5, an angle formed by the first alignment direction P1 and the projection of the first transmission axis T1 on the second substrate 12 is θ1. As shown in b of fig. 2, the second alignment direction P2 forms an angle θ2 with the projection of the first transmission axis T1 on the second substrate 12, wherein 130 ° < θ1=θ2<140 °, or θ1=θ2=45°, preferably θ1=θ2=135°.
Wherein θ is the included angle between the propagation direction of polarized light and the optical axis direction of the liquid crystal, ne is the abnormal light refractive index, n0 is the normal light refractive index, Δneff is the effective birefringence, tr is the transmittance, Φ is the axial included angle between the initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal and the second light transmission axis T2, and d is the thickness of the liquid crystal box. By setting Φ to 130 ° to 140 °, when Δneff is 0, the effective phase retardation of the liquid crystal molecules is 0, i.e., when the liquid crystal molecules are effective neff=no, i.e., when the liquid crystal molecules are vertically aligned, the effective transmittance is 0, which is in a black state. By utilizing the basis, the invention provides the initial vertical alignment of the negative liquid crystal (the initial expected angle of the liquid crystal molecules is 30-90 degrees), namely the direction vertical to the first substrate 11, so that the effect of positive black state can be achieved, and the problem of poor color cast of the existing architecture can be solved.
The first substrate 11 is provided with a viewing angle control electrode 111 at a side facing the negative liquid crystal layer 13, the second substrate 12 is provided with a first electrode 121 and a second electrode 122 at a side facing the negative liquid crystal layer 13, the viewing angle control electrode 111 and the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are used for forming a vertical electric field so as to drive negative liquid crystal molecules in the negative liquid crystal layer 13 to deflect in a vertical direction, thereby enabling the dimming box 10 to realize switching between a wide viewing angle mode and a narrow viewing angle mode, and the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are used for forming a horizontal electric field so as to drive the negative liquid crystal molecules in the negative liquid crystal layer 13 to deflect in a horizontal direction, thereby enabling the dimming box 10 to realize better wide viewing angle display.
As shown in fig. 4, the second substrate 12 is further provided with a plurality of scanning lines 1, a first viewing angle control signal line 2, a second viewing angle control signal line 3, a plurality of first thin film transistors 4, and a plurality of second thin film transistors 5 on a side facing the negative liquid crystal layer 13. The first electrode 121 is electrically connected to the scan lines 1 and the first viewing angle control signal lines 2 adjacent to the first thin film transistors 4 through the plurality of first thin film transistors 4, that is, when the plurality of scan lines 1 scan from top to bottom, the plurality of first thin film transistors 4 can control the first viewing angle control signal lines 2 to apply the viewing angle control signals to the first electrode 121 from top to bottom; the second electrodes 122 are electrically connected to the scan lines 1 and the second viewing angle control signal lines 3 adjacent to the second thin film transistors 5 through the plurality of second thin film transistors 5, that is, when the plurality of scan lines 1 scan from top to bottom, the plurality of second thin film transistors 5 can control the second viewing angle control signal lines 3 to apply the viewing angle control signals to the second electrodes 122 from top to bottom. By applying the viewing angle control signal to the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 using the thin film transistor, the scan line, and the viewing angle control signal line, the viewing angle control signal line may apply the viewing angle control signal to the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 multiple times in each frame, which may effectively solve the problem of signal transmission distortion and improve the display image quality of the display panel.
Preferably, the number of the first and second viewing angle control signal lines 2 and 3 is two, and are located at both sides of the first and second electrodes 121 and 122, respectively. The thin film transistors and the viewing angle control signal lines are arranged on the left side and the right side of the dimming box 10, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 can be subjected to opposite charging, the number of the scanning lines 1 is recorded as m, one frame is 140Hz, the opposite charging time is (1/140/m) ms, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are matched with the corresponding thin film transistors to be charged, the problem of signal transmission distortion can be solved, and the display image quality of the liquid crystal display panel is improved. The width of the scanning lines 1 is more than 4.75um, the distance between the scanning lines 1 is required to be more than 40um, and the total area of the scanning lines 1 occupies less than 5% of the effective display area of the light regulating box 10 in order to ensure the penetration rate of the light regulating box 10.
Further, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are monolithic electrodes and are located in different layers. The first electrode 121 includes a plurality of first electrode stripes 1211, the plurality of first electrode stripes 1211 are electrically connected to each other, the second electrode 122 includes a plurality of second electrode stripes 1221, the plurality of second electrode stripes 1221 are electrically connected to each other, and the first electrode stripes 1211 and the second electrode stripes 1221 are parallel to each other and alternately arranged. Preferably, the first electrode stripes 1211 and the second electrode stripes 1221 are each 38 ° -52 ° between the projection of the first electrode stripes 1211 onto the second substrate 12 and the second light transmission axis T2.
Further, the first electrode stripe 1211 includes a first bending portion 1211a and a second bending portion 1211b, the first bending portion 1211a and the second bending portion 1211b are alternately arranged end to end, the second electrode stripe 1221 includes a third bending portion 1221a and a fourth bending portion 1221b, and the third bending portion 1221a and the fourth bending portion 1221b are alternately arranged end to end, that is, the first electrode stripe 1211 and the second electrode stripe 1221 are both in a bending structure. The first bent portions 1211a and the third bent portions 1221a are arranged in parallel with each other and alternately, and the second bent portions 1211b and the fourth bent portions 1221b are arranged in parallel with each other and alternately.
Preferably, the sum of the angles between the projection of the first bent portion 1211a and the second bent portion 1211b on the second substrate 12 and the second light transmission axis T2 is 90 °; the sum of the angles between the projection of the third bending portion 1221a and the fourth bending portion 1221b on the second substrate 12 and the second light-transmitting axis T2 is 90 °. As shown in fig. 7, an angle between the projection of the first bent portion 1211a and the third bent portion 1221a on the second substrate 12 and the second transmission axis T2 is β1, an angle between the projection of the second bent portion 1211b and the fourth bent portion 1221b on the second substrate 12 and the second transmission axis T2 is β2, 38 ° < β1<52 °,38 ° < β2<52 °, β1+β2=90°. For example, when β1=52°, β2=38°, θ1=θ2=135°, the alignment direction forms an angle of 78 ° with the first bent portion 1211a and the third bent portion 1221a, and the alignment direction forms an angle of 92 ° with the second bent portion 1211b and the fourth bent portion 1221 b. Taking the thickness d of the liquid crystal cell as 4um, and recording the vector of the liquid crystal in the long axis ne direction as A, when the liquid crystal cell is in wide viewing angle, the negative liquid crystal molecules are parallel to each bending part, the projection vector of the negative liquid crystal molecules in the horizontal direction of the first bending part 1211a and the second bending part 1211b of the electrode is added to be A.times.cos 38 degrees+A.times.cos 52 degrees, and the corresponding projection vector is A.times.cos (180-135 degrees) and is combined to be A.times.cos 38 degrees+A.times.cos 52 degrees+2.A.times.cos (180-135 degrees) =2.16 times.A; if the initial alignment direction of the negative liquid crystal molecules is 135 °, the vector sum of the liquid crystal is a×cos (180 ° -135 °) +a×cos (180 ° -135 °) +2×a×cos (180 ° -135 °) =2.28×a > 2.16×a. The larger the horizontal component, the lower the luminance, and the smaller the viewing angle at the same luminance, and the framework of the present invention has a relatively wider viewing angle at the same luminance in the wide viewing angle mode. The second light transmission axis T2 is exemplified by 0 °, that is, the second light transmission axis T2 is in the horizontal direction; the first transmission axis T1 is set to 90 °, i.e. the first transmission axis T1 is set to the vertical direction.
In order to achieve the four-way peep prevention effect, the larger the components of the negative liquid crystal molecules in the light modulation box 10 in the horizontal and vertical directions are, the more light rays in the horizontal and vertical directions are absorbed by the polarizing plate after passing through the light modulation box 10, and the more obvious the tightening effect of the reflected light is, namely the more obvious the peep prevention effect in the horizontal and vertical directions is. When the initial alignment azimuth angle of the negative liquid crystal molecules forms a 130-140 DEG interval with the horizontal direction, namely the included angle between the negative liquid crystal molecules and the second transmission axis T2 is 130-140 DEG, the wide viewing angle effect of a wide viewing angle can be simultaneously considered, meanwhile, as many liquid crystal molecules in vector projection in the horizontal and vertical directions can be obtained on line, the simulation result accords with the expectation, the wide viewing angle can achieve a better viewing angle, and the purpose of peeping prevention can be achieved by the narrow viewing angle at the upper, lower, left and right sides.
In this embodiment, the dimming box 10 is disposed on the upper side of the display box 20, and the second substrate 12 is further provided with a brightness enhancement film 34, where the brightness enhancement film 34 is attached to the second polarizer 32, and the brightness enhancement film 34 is preferably located above the second polarizer 32. Of course, brightness enhancing film 34 may be integrated with second polarizer 32 and form a film sheet. The brightness enhancement film 34 can increase the brightness of the display panel, and can reflect a certain amount of ambient light, so that the display panel can be used as a reflector when the display panel does not display a picture, i.e., when no electric signal is supplied.
In this embodiment, the display box 20 includes a color film substrate 21, an array substrate 22 disposed opposite to the color film substrate 21, and a liquid crystal layer 23 disposed between the color film substrate 21 and the array substrate 22. Preferably, negative liquid crystal molecules, i.e., liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy, are used in the liquid crystal layer 23, the negative liquid crystal molecules have an advantage of 20% higher transmittance than the positive liquid crystal molecules, and CR (contrast) is higher. In the initial state, the negative liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 23 are aligned parallel to the color film substrate 21 and the array substrate 22, and the negative liquid crystal molecules near the color film substrate 21 are aligned parallel or antiparallel to the alignment direction of the negative liquid crystal molecules near the array substrate 22. In other embodiments, the color film substrate 21 and the second substrate 12 may share one substrate to reduce the thickness of the display panel.
The display box 20 is provided with a third polarizer 33 on a side far away from the dimming box 10, and the third light transmission axis of the third polarizer 33 is perpendicular to the second light transmission axis T2 of the second polarizer 32. In this embodiment, the third polarizer 33 is disposed on the array substrate 22.
The color film substrate 21 is provided with a color resistance layer 212 arranged in an array and a black matrix 211 for spacing the color resistance layer 212, wherein the color resistance layer 212 comprises red (R), green (G) and blue (B) color resistance materials, and sub-pixels of the red (R), green (G) and blue (B) colors are correspondingly formed.
The array substrate 22 is defined by a plurality of scan lines and a plurality of data lines on a side facing the liquid crystal layer 23, each of which is provided with a pixel electrode 222 and a thin film transistor, and the pixel electrode 222 is electrically connected to the data line adjacent to the thin film transistor through the thin film transistor. The thin film transistor includes a gate electrode, an active layer, a drain electrode, and a source electrode, wherein the gate electrode and the scan line are disposed on the same layer and electrically connected, the gate electrode and the active layer are separated by an insulating layer, the source electrode and the data line are electrically connected, and the drain electrode and the pixel electrode 222 are electrically connected by a contact hole.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a common electrode 221 is further disposed on a side of the array substrate 22 facing the liquid crystal layer 23, and the common electrode 221 and the pixel electrode 222 are located on different layers and are insulated and isolated by an insulating layer. The common electrode 221 may be located above or below the pixel electrode 222 (the common electrode 221 is shown below the pixel electrode 222 in fig. 1). Preferably, the common electrode 221 is a planar electrode disposed entirely, and the pixel electrode 222 is a block electrode disposed entirely within each pixel unit or a slit electrode having a plurality of electrode bars to form a fringe field switching pattern (Fringe Field Switching, FFS). Of course, in other embodiments, the pixel electrode 222 and the common electrode 221 may be located at the same layer, but they are insulated from each other, each of the pixel electrode 222 and the common electrode 221 may include a plurality of electrode bars, and the electrode bars of the pixel electrode 222 and the electrode bars of the common electrode 221 are alternately arranged with each other to form an In-Plane Switching (IPS); alternatively, in other embodiments, the pixel electrode 222 is disposed on the side of the array substrate 22 facing the liquid crystal layer 23, and the common electrode 221 is disposed on the side of the color film substrate 21 facing the liquid crystal layer 23 to form a TN mode or a VA mode, and other descriptions of the TN mode and the VA mode are omitted herein.
The first substrate 11, the second substrate 12, the color film substrate 21, and the array substrate 22 may be made of glass, acrylic, polycarbonate, or the like. The materials of the viewing angle control electrode 111, the first electrode 121, the second electrode 122, the common electrode 221, and the pixel electrode 222 may be Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) or Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO), or the like.
Further, the display box 20 is provided with a backlight module 40 at a side far away from the dimming box 10, and preferably, the backlight module 40 adopts a collimated backlight (CBL, collimated backlight) mode, which can play a role in collecting light, so as to ensure a display effect.
The backlight module 40 includes a backlight 41 and a peep-proof layer 43, wherein the peep-proof layer 43 is used for reducing the range of the light emitting angle. A diffusion sheet 42 is further arranged between the backlight 41 and the peep-proof layer 43, and the diffusion sheet 42 makes the light more uniform. The peep-proof layer 43 is a micro shutter structure, which can block light with a larger incident angle, so that light with a smaller incident angle passes through the shutter structure, and the angle range of the light passing through the peep-proof layer 43 is reduced. The peep-proof layer 43 comprises a plurality of parallel light-resisting walls and light holes between two adjacent light-resisting walls, and light-absorbing materials are arranged on two sides of the light-resisting walls. Of course, the backlight 41 may be a light-collecting type backlight, so that the peep-proof layer 43 is not required, but the light-collecting type backlight is more expensive than a conventional backlight. The backlight module 40 may be a side-in type backlight module or a direct type backlight module.
In other embodiments, display box 20 may also be a self-emissive display box, such as an OLED display box. The dimming box 10 is positioned above the OLED display box to dim light. When the display box is a self-luminous display box, a backlight module is not required to be arranged. The self-luminous display box can also be other self-luminous display boxes such as Micro LED display boxes.
The present invention also provides a driving method of a display panel, the driving method is used for driving the display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, the display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles comprises a wide viewing angle mode, a narrow viewing angle mode and a charge release mode, and the driving method comprises: as shown in fig. 10, when switching between the wide viewing angle mode and the narrow viewing angle mode is performed, the charge release mode is interposed between the wide viewing angle mode and the narrow viewing angle mode.
As shown in fig. 2 and 8, in the wide viewing angle mode, a first dc common voltage V11 is applied to the viewing angle control electrode 111, a first ac voltage V21 is applied to the first electrode 121, a second ac voltage V22 is applied to the second electrode 122, the first ac voltage V21 and the second ac voltage V22 have the same period and opposite polarity, so that a horizontal electric field is formed between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, and negative liquid crystal molecules in the negative liquid crystal layer 13 are deflected in the horizontal direction and toward a direction parallel to the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122. The voltage difference between the first dc common voltage V11 and the first ac voltage V21 and/or the voltage difference between the first dc common voltage V11 and the second ac voltage V22 is greater than a preset value, so that a strong vertical electric field is formed between the viewing angle control electrode 111 and the first electrode 121, and the negative liquid crystal molecules in the negative liquid crystal layer 13 deflect vertically and deflect toward a direction parallel to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, so that the display panel can realize a better wide viewing angle display. For example, the viewing angle controlling electrode 111 applies a common voltage of 5V dc, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 apply an ac voltage of 3-5V, and the magnitudes of the ac voltages applied to the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 may be different.
As can be seen from the above table and fig. 11-14, in the display panel disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, in the wide viewing angle mode, as shown in fig. 11, when the alignment direction is 45 °, the viewing angle ranges in the left/right/up/down directions of the wide viewing angle are respectively 70.2 °/67.6 °/67.6 °/70.9 ° based on the equal scale line where the ratio of luminance to the center luminance is 20%; as shown in fig. 12, when the alignment direction is 135 °, the viewing angle ranges of the wide viewing angle left/right/up/down directions are 69 °/70.4 °/71.6 °/70.1 °, respectively; as shown in fig. 13, when the alignment direction is 130 °, the viewing angle ranges of the wide viewing angle left/right/up/down directions are 70.2 °/68.3 °/67.8 °/70.4 °, respectively; as shown in fig. 14, when the alignment direction is 140 °, the viewing angle ranges of the wide viewing angle left/right/up/down directions are 69 °/70.4 °/71.7 °/70.2 °, respectively; the left/right/up/down viewing angle ranges are all about 70 degrees, the viewing angle ranges in multiple directions are uniform, and the wide viewing angle effect is better.
As shown in fig. 3 and 9, in the narrow viewing angle mode, the second dc common voltage V12 is applied to the viewing angle control electrode 111, the third ac voltage V23 is applied to the first electrode 121, the fourth ac voltage V24 is applied to the second electrode 122, the periods and polarities of the third ac voltage V23 and the fourth ac voltage V24 are the same, that is, a horizontal electric field is not substantially formed between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, and the negative liquid crystal molecules in the negative liquid crystal layer 13 are not substantially deflected in the horizontal direction. The voltage difference between the second dc common voltage V12 and the third ac voltage V23 and the voltage difference between the second dc common voltage V12 and the fourth ac voltage V24 are smaller than a preset value, so that a certain vertical electric field is formed between the viewing angle control electrode 111 and the first electrode 121, and negative liquid crystal molecules in the negative liquid crystal layer 13 deflect vertically and form a certain inclination angle with the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, so that the display panel can realize better narrow viewing angle display. For example, the viewing angle controlling electrode 111 applies a dc common voltage of 0V, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 apply an ac voltage of 3-5V, and the magnitudes of the ac voltages applied to the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 may be different.
As can be seen from the above table and fig. 15 to fig. 18, in the display panel disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, in the narrow viewing angle mode, as shown in fig. 15, when the alignment direction is 45 °, the viewing angle ranges in the left/right/up/down directions of the narrow viewing angle are 30.3 °/42.8 °/36.9 °/38.7 ° respectively, based on the equal scale line where the ratio of luminance to the center luminance is 20%; as shown in fig. 16, when the alignment direction is 135 °, the viewing angle ranges of the narrow viewing angle left/right/up/down directions are 42.1 °/33.1 °/36.7 °/40.8 °, respectively; as shown in fig. 17, when the alignment direction is 130 °, the viewing angle ranges of the narrow viewing angle left/right/up/down directions are 41.4 °/33.4 °/37.1 °/38.9 °, respectively; as shown in fig. 18, when the alignment direction is 140 °, the viewing angle ranges of the narrow viewing angle left/right/up/down directions are 42.5 °/33.1 °/37.1 °/43.1 °, respectively; the left/right/up/down viewing angles can be reduced to about 33-43 degrees, no more than 45 degrees, and the effect of the narrow viewing angle is better.
Fig. 19 is a chromaticity diagram of the display panel of the present invention in an initialized state. As shown in fig. 19, Δ in the drawing is the color expression of the display panel of the conventional architecture in the initial state, and ≡in the drawing is the color expression of the display panel of the architecture proposed by the present invention in the initial state. The initialization state refers to a state of the dimming box and the display box in a wide-view black picture. In the figure, o is the color appearance of the display panel of the conventional FFS product at a wide viewing angle black picture. As can be seen from fig. 19, the display panel of the present invention has the same color and taste as the display panel of the conventional FFS product in the wide viewing angle black frame, so that the problem that the display panel of the conventional architecture is bluish green in color in the wide viewing angle black frame can be improved.
In the charge release mode, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are grounded. Since the electric field in the dimming box 10 is switched from the horizontal fringe electric field to the vertical electric field, the electric field voltage is not released completely, the negative liquid crystal molecules are not converted completely, and the voltage is seamless in the switching process, such as waveforms in the normal wide viewing angle mode and the narrow viewing angle mode, and the negative liquid crystal molecules display flicker and residual image abnormality under the condition of large voltage change. In addition, in the time between switching, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are grounded, so that charge can be discharged, and the voltage difference can be reduced, thereby improving the display quality.
The common electrode 221 applies a common voltage regardless of the wide viewing angle mode or the narrow viewing angle mode, and the pixel electrode 222 applies a gray scale voltage Vp, which is a gray scale voltage of 0 to 255, to thereby control the display panel to display different pictures. In the wide viewing angle mode, the period of the gray scale voltage Vp is t1, the period of the first ac voltage V21 and the period of the second ac voltage V22 are t2, and t1=7tt2/3 is preferable; in the wide viewing angle mode, the period of the gray scale voltage Vp is t3, the period of the first ac voltage V21 and the period of the second ac voltage V22 are t4, preferably t3=7tt4/3, and t1 and t2 may be the same.
Further, the display panel controls the dimming box to be set in a wide viewing angle mode within a preset time after the display panel is started and before the display panel is shut down. In the experimental process, it is found that, because the projections of the first alignment direction P1 and the second alignment direction P2 on the second substrate 12 are parallel and in the same direction, when the display is turned on or off, if the display is a narrow viewing angle picture, the negative liquid crystal layer 13 is disordered, and a certain time is required for dissipation, so that signals in a wide viewing angle mode with a certain time need to be inserted during both the on and off. Preferably, when the device is turned on, the dimming box 10 gives a wide viewing angle signal for a preset time, and the backlight module 40 and the display box 20 are turned on; when the backlight module 40 is turned off, the dimming liquid crystal box gives a preset wide viewing angle signal, and then the power is turned off.
The embodiment also provides a display device, which comprises the display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles.
FIG. 20 is a schematic view showing a planar structure of a display device according to the present invention; FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a second planar structure of the display device of the present invention. Referring to fig. 20 and 21, the display device is provided with a viewing angle switching key 50 for a user to send a viewing angle switching request to the display device. The view angle switching key 50 may be a physical key (as shown in fig. 20), or may be a software control or Application (APP) to implement a switching function (as shown in fig. 21, for example, a slider bar to set a wide and narrow view angle). When a user needs to switch between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle, a viewing angle switching request can be sent to the display device by operating the viewing angle switching key 50, and finally, the driving chip 60 controls the electric signals applied to the viewing angle control electrode 111, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, so that the display device can realize the switching between the wide viewing angle and the narrow viewing angle.
In this document, terms such as up, down, left, right, front, rear, etc. are defined by the positions of the structures in the drawings and the positions of the structures with respect to each other, for the sake of clarity and convenience in expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that the use of such orientation terms should not limit the scope of the protection sought herein. It should also be understood that the terms "first" and "second," etc., as used herein, are used merely for distinguishing between names and not for limiting the number and order.
The present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments, but is capable of modification and variation in detail, and other modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The display panel with the switchable wide and narrow viewing angles comprises a dimming box (10) and a display box (20) which is overlapped with the dimming box (10), and is characterized in that the dimming box (10) comprises a first substrate (11), a second substrate (12) which is arranged opposite to the first substrate (11) and a negative liquid crystal layer (13) which is arranged between the first substrate (11) and the second substrate (12), a first polaroid (31) is arranged on the first substrate (11), a second polaroid (32) is arranged on the second substrate (12), and a first light transmission axis (T1) of the first polaroid (31) and a second light transmission axis (T2) of the second polaroid (32) are mutually perpendicular;
the first substrate (11) is provided with a visual angle control electrode (111) at one side facing the negative liquid crystal layer (13), the second substrate (12) is provided with a first electrode (121) and a second electrode (122) at one side facing the negative liquid crystal layer (13), the first electrode (121) and the second electrode (122) are all monolithic electrodes and are positioned on different layers, the second substrate (12) is also provided with a plurality of scanning lines (1), a first visual angle control signal line (2), a second visual angle control signal line (3), a plurality of first thin film transistors (4) and a plurality of second thin film transistors (5) at one side facing the negative liquid crystal layer (13), the first electrode (121) is electrically connected with the scanning lines (1) adjacent to the first thin film transistors (4) and the first visual angle control signal line (2) through the plurality of second thin film transistors (5), and the second electrode (122) is electrically connected with the scanning lines (1) adjacent to the second thin film transistors (3) adjacent to the second thin film transistors (5); in each frame, a plurality of the scanning lines (1) scan from top to bottom, a plurality of the first thin film transistors (4) control the first viewing angle control signal lines (2) to apply viewing angle control signals to the first electrodes (121) from top to bottom a plurality of times, and a plurality of the second thin film transistors (5) control the second viewing angle control signal lines (3) to apply viewing angle control signals to the second electrodes (122) from top to bottom a plurality of times;
The first substrate (11) is provided with a first alignment layer at one side facing the negative liquid crystal layer (13), the second substrate (12) is provided with a second alignment layer at one side facing the negative liquid crystal layer (13), the pretilt angles of a first alignment direction (P1) of the first alignment layer and a second alignment direction (P2) of the second alignment layer are 30-90 degrees, the first alignment direction (P1) and the second alignment direction (P2) are vertically symmetrical along the central axis of the negative liquid crystal layer (13), and the projections of the first alignment direction (P1) and the second alignment direction (P2) on the second substrate (12) are parallel and same;
the display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles comprises a wide viewing angle mode, a narrow viewing angle mode and a charge release mode, and the driving method comprises the following steps: when the wide view angle mode and the narrow view angle mode are switched, the charge release mode is inserted between the wide view angle mode and the narrow view angle mode;
in the wide viewing angle mode, a first direct current common voltage (V11) is applied to the viewing angle control electrode (111), a first alternating current voltage (V21) is applied to the first electrode (121), a second alternating current voltage (V22) is applied to the second electrode (122), the periods of the first alternating current voltage (V21) and the second alternating current voltage (V22) are the same and the polarities are opposite, and the pressure difference between the first direct current common voltage (V11) and the first alternating current voltage (V21) and/or the pressure difference between the first direct current common voltage (V11) and the second alternating current voltage (V22) are larger than a preset value;
In the narrow viewing angle mode, a second direct current common voltage (V12) is applied to the viewing angle control electrode (111), a third alternating current voltage (V23) is applied to the first electrode (121), a fourth alternating current voltage (V24) is applied to the second electrode (122), the periods and polarities of the third alternating current voltage (V23) and the fourth alternating current voltage (V24) are the same, and the pressure difference between the second direct current common voltage (V12) and the third alternating current voltage (V23) and the pressure difference between the second direct current common voltage (V12) and the fourth alternating current voltage (V24) are smaller than a preset value;
in the charge release mode, the first electrode (121) and the second electrode (122) are grounded.
2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode (121) includes a plurality of first electrode stripes (1211), the second electrode (122) includes a plurality of second electrode stripes (1221), and the first electrode stripes (1211) and the second electrode stripes (1221) are arranged in parallel and alternately.
3. The switchable viewing angle of claim 2, wherein the angle between the projection of the first electrode stripe (1211) and the second electrode stripe (1221) onto the second substrate (12) and the second transmission axis (T2) is 38 ° -52 °.
4. The switchable viewing angle display panel according to claim 2, wherein the first electrode stripe (1211) includes a first bent portion (1211 a) and a second bent portion (1211 b), the first bent portion (1211 a) and the second bent portion (1211 b) are alternately arranged end to end, the second electrode stripe (1221) includes a third bent portion (1221 a) and a fourth bent portion (1221 b), the third bent portion (1221 a) and the fourth bent portion (1221 b) are alternately arranged end to end, the first bent portion (1211 a) and the third bent portion (1221 a) are mutually parallel and alternately arranged, and the second bent portion (1211 b) and the fourth bent portion (1221 b) are mutually parallel and alternately arranged.
5. The switchable viewing angle display panel according to claim 4, wherein the sum of the angles between the projection of the first bent portion (1211 a) and the second bent portion (1211 b) on the second substrate (12) and the second transmission axis (T2) is 90 °; the sum of the angles between the projection of the third bending part (1221 a) and the fourth bending part (1221 b) on the second substrate (12) and the second transmission axis (T2) is 90 °.
6. The display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles according to claim 1, wherein the dimming box (10) is disposed on the upper side of the display box (20), the second substrate (12) is further provided with a brightness enhancement film (34), and the brightness enhancement film (34) and the second polarizer (32) are attached to each other.
7. The display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the display box (20) comprises a color film substrate (21), an array substrate (22) disposed opposite to the color film substrate (21), and a liquid crystal layer (23) disposed between the color film substrate (21) and the array substrate (22), a third polarizer (33) is disposed on a side of the display box (20) away from the light modulation box (10), and a third light transmission axis of the third polarizer (33) is perpendicular to a second light transmission axis (T2) of the second polarizer (32).
8. A driving method of a display panel, wherein the driving method is used for driving the wide-narrow viewing angle switchable display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the wide-narrow viewing angle switchable display panel including a wide viewing angle mode, a narrow viewing angle mode, and a charge release mode, the driving method comprising: when the wide view angle mode and the narrow view angle mode are switched, the charge release mode is inserted between the wide view angle mode and the narrow view angle mode;
in the wide viewing angle mode, a first direct current common voltage (V11) is applied to the viewing angle control electrode (111), a first alternating current voltage (V21) is applied to the first electrode (121), a second alternating current voltage (V22) is applied to the second electrode (122), the periods of the first alternating current voltage (V21) and the second alternating current voltage (V22) are the same and the polarities are opposite, and the pressure difference between the first direct current common voltage (V11) and the first alternating current voltage (V21) and/or the pressure difference between the first direct current common voltage (V11) and the second alternating current voltage (V22) are larger than a preset value;
In the narrow viewing angle mode, a second direct current common voltage (V12) is applied to the viewing angle control electrode (111), a third alternating current voltage (V23) is applied to the first electrode (121), a fourth alternating current voltage (V24) is applied to the second electrode (122), the periods and polarities of the third alternating current voltage (V23) and the fourth alternating current voltage (V24) are the same, and the pressure difference between the second direct current common voltage (V12) and the third alternating current voltage (V23) and the pressure difference between the second direct current common voltage (V12) and the fourth alternating current voltage (V24) are smaller than a preset value;
in the charge release mode, the first electrode (121) and the second electrode (122) are grounded.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the dimming box (10) is controlled to be set in the wide viewing angle mode within a predetermined time after the display panel is turned on and before the display panel is turned off.
10. A display device comprising the switchable wide-narrow viewing angle display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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