CN114660419A - Multi-loop line ground fault line selection method based on accurate compensation of arc suppression coil - Google Patents
Multi-loop line ground fault line selection method based on accurate compensation of arc suppression coil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-loop line ground fault line selection method based on arc suppression coil accurate compensation, which comprises the following steps of 1, collecting a neutral point voltage signal, and sampling each line for a plurality of times within a preset time period from the occurrence moment of a ground fault; step 2, comparing the neutral point voltage signal with a set value, and judging that a ground fault occurs when the absolute value of the neutral point voltage signal is greater than the set value; step 3, compensating the ground fault through a phase control arc suppression coil; step 4, collecting data of each line at the moment of the ground fault; step 5, longitudinally calculating a polar characteristic value of the feeder line, and accumulating the characteristic value; and 6, sequencing the feeders according to the decreasing rule of the characteristic values, and selecting the line with the positive characteristic value to determine the line as a fault line. The line selection algorithm of the invention combines the transient data and the steady-state data to comprehensively select the line, fully utilizes all the transient data, successfully solves the line selection problem of the intermittent earth fault, and improves the line judgment accuracy from 70-80% to more than 90%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power distribution network protection of a power system, in particular to a multi-loop line ground fault line selection method based on accurate compensation of arc suppression coils.
Background
The arrangement form of single tower (pole) multi-circuit lines is widely adopted in the power distribution network, land resources are saved, meanwhile, the number of events for developing single-circuit line faults into multi-circuit line faults is increased day by day, the power supply reliability of users is reduced, and huge negative effects are brought to power supply enterprises. After the power distribution network has a ground fault, the ground current is the capacitance current of the system, and a small current loop is formed through the ground capacitor, so that the equipment and the system cannot be excessively damaged, and the continuous power supply cannot be influenced in a short time. However, the time after the occurrence of the fault may be extended, and the fault may be further extended, thereby causing arc discharge, system overvoltage, and the like. Therefore, when the earth fault occurs, the fault current of the power distribution network is timely compensated, and the fault line is determined, so that the method has great significance for maintaining the operation of the power distribution network.
On the basis, a multi-loop fault line selection method based on the relative polarity of the transient zero-sequence current is provided, all transient data are fully utilized, the defects of the traditional transient algorithm are overcome, the line selection problem of the intermittent grounding fault is successfully solved, the line judgment accuracy is improved to over 90% from original 70-80%, the simultaneous grounding judgment of a plurality of lines is realized, the test result is good, and the fault line can be quickly and accurately judged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-loop line ground fault line selection method which realizes accurate compensation through a phase control arc suppression coil, reduces fault current to the maximum extent, fully utilizes all transient data, overcomes the defects of the traditional transient algorithm and successfully solves the line selection problem of intermittent ground faults.
Specifically, a multi-loop line ground fault line selection method based on arc suppression coil accurate compensation is provided, and the multi-loop line ground fault line selection method comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting a neutral point voltage signal, and sampling each line for a plurality of times within a preset time period from the occurrence moment of a ground fault;
step 2, comparing the neutral point voltage signal with a set value, and judging that a ground fault occurs when the absolute value of the neutral point voltage signal is greater than the set value;
step 3, compensating the ground fault through a phase control arc suppression coil;
step 4, transient zero-sequence current of each line within 5ms after the phase control arc suppression coil is accurately compensated is collected;
step 5, calculating the characteristic value of the feeder line, and accumulating the characteristic value to generate an accumulated characteristic value;
and 6, sequencing the feeders according to the decreasing rule of the accumulated characteristic values, and selecting the line with the positive accumulated characteristic value to determine the line as a fault line.
Further, in step 3, the method further comprises the following steps:
step 31, controlling the deviation current within 0.1 ampere to be stably output;
step 32, a filtering branch circuit is arranged to filter out harmonic waves of a secondary winding in the phase control arc suppression coil;
step 33, simplifying the primary part of the phase control arc suppression coil into a primary capacitor;
step 34, arranging a switching switch in the filtering branch, and dividing the voltage of the filtering capacitor and the system ground capacitor;
and step 35, measuring and calculating the capacitance current, and performing accurate compensation through the arc suppression coil.
Furthermore, in step 34, when the switch K is closed,
is that
In that
And
voltage division on two capacitors:
wherein,
is the unbalanced voltage of the system and is,
the equivalent capacitance of the first part of the phase control arc extinction complete equipment is obtained;
is a phase control arc extinction complete device capacitor;
calculation by partial pressure measurement in the case of grid unevennesses
。
Further, in step 35, the capacitance current is:
wherein,
is a current of a capacitor, and is,
in order to be the neutral point voltage, the voltage of the neutral point,
is the angular frequency of the power frequency,
the system grounding capacitor is adopted; accurate compensation is carried out through the phase control arc suppression coil, and the calculation formula of the compensation current of the arc suppression coil is as follows:
wherein L is phase control arc suppression coil compensation inductance, so that
Arc suppression coil compensation inductance
。
Further, in step 5, the functional model of the accumulated characteristic values Ki of the feeder lines is as follows:
the sampling times are set to be N, the total number of the system feeder lines is set to be M, Ait is a sampling value of transient zero-sequence current of the line, i represents a line number, t represents sampling time corresponding to the sampling value, and Ki is a calculated accumulated characteristic value.
Further, in step 32, the filtering branch is used for filtering out 3 rd order harmonic and 5 th order harmonic.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
after the ground fault occurs, in order to prevent the fault from expanding, the multi-loop line ground fault line selection method first carries out accurate compensation through the arc suppression coil, then collects transient zero-sequence voltage and zero-sequence current of each line within 5ms after the phase control arc suppression coil compensates aiming at the compensated system, realizes multi-loop fault line selection, and can effectively improve the speed and accuracy of fault identification and compensation.
According to the invention, the accurate compensation of a power distribution network fault system is realized through the phase control arc suppression coil, the fault spreading and expansion are avoided, the ground fault state is judged by comparing the neutral point voltage signal with the set value, the grounding can be judged within 1.1-10.0 ms after the ground fault occurs no matter what the fault occurrence time (phase angle), and the compensation output is started, so that the compensation performance is obviously improved compared with the current output delay of 60ms or even hundreds of ms.
The fast compensation output of the invention adopts the most reliable control algorithm, and uses the combination of the table look-up and the PID algorithm, thereby not only avoiding the residual current from being too large instantaneously caused by overshoot or serious insufficiency of compensation, but also achieving the best compensation effect.
The invention adopts an optimized line selection algorithm, combines transient data and steady-state data to select lines comprehensively, and particularly relates to a multi-loop fault line selection method based on the relative polarity of transient zero-sequence current, which fully utilizes all transient data, overcomes the defects of the traditional transient algorithm, successfully solves the line selection problem of intermittent earth faults, improves the line judgment accuracy from 70-80% to more than 90%, simultaneously realizes the judgment of simultaneous earth of a plurality of lines, has good test effect, can quickly and accurately judge fault lines, and improves the power supply reliability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a multi-loop line ground fault line selection method based on arc suppression coil precise compensation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase control arc suppression complete set after a filtering branch is set in a multi-loop line ground fault line selection method based on accurate compensation of an arc suppression coil according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase-controlled arc suppression coil after a filtering branch is set in a multi-loop line ground fault line selection method based on accurate compensation of an arc suppression coil according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an equivalent schematic diagram of a phase-controlled arc suppression coil after a filtering branch is set in a multi-loop line ground fault line selection method based on accurate compensation of an arc suppression coil according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an equivalent schematic diagram of a phase control arc suppression complete set after a switch is set in a multi-loop line ground fault line selection method based on accurate compensation of an arc suppression coil according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result in a multi-loop line ground fault line selection method based on arc suppression coil accurate compensation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following embodiments.
As shown in the attached figure 1, the invention provides a multi-loop line ground fault line selection method based on arc suppression coil accurate compensation, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting a neutral point voltage signal and setting a neutral point voltage threshold.
And 2, comparing the neutral point voltage signal with a neutral point voltage threshold, judging that the power distribution network has a ground fault when the absolute value of the neutral point voltage signal is smaller than the neutral point voltage threshold, and judging that the ground fault occurs when the absolute value of the neutral point voltage signal is larger than the neutral point voltage threshold.
And 3, compensating the ground fault through the phase control arc suppression coil.
The normal state device calculates the capacitance current of the system in real time and stores records, and when grounding occurs, the device compensates a certain trigger angle in real time according to the calculated capacitive reactance value to be matched with the capacitance of the system, so that the purpose of compensating the capacitance current of the fault point is achieved.
Step 31, firstly, two output angles corresponding to the closest compensation capacitive reactance can be inquired according to the calculated capacitive reactance before grounding occurs, an angle to be output is calculated through linear conversion, because the output angle and the impedance are not all linear, the searched angle has a small deviation with the actual output, the deviation angle is generally smaller than 0.1 through testing, then the impedance of arc extinction output is calculated through real-time sampling, the deviation between the measured impedance and the calculated impedance is determined, the deviation is adjusted to be minimum by using a PID algorithm, and the deviation current of the system capacitor is controlled within 0.1 ampere to be stably output.
And step 32, setting two filtering branches for the secondary winding of the phase control arc suppression coil, and respectively filtering 3-order and 5-order harmonics.
As shown in fig. 2, in order to ensure that the distortion rate of the output current of the primary winding to the outside is within the allowable range, filtering is necessary; the phase control arc extinction complete equipment with the filtering branch circuit is shown in figure 2.
As shown in fig. 3, the phase control arc suppression coil is a single-phase three-winding transformer having relatively large short-circuit impedance between the primary winding and the secondary winding. A secondary winding is a control winding, the output end of the secondary winding is connected with a silicon controlled rectifier, the inductance value is adjusted by adjusting the trigger angle of silicon, the secondary winding is equivalent to a TCR branch circuit, and the harmonic wave of the secondary winding is maximum in 3 times, minimum in 5 times and smaller in 7 times and above according to the TCR circuit principle, and is ignored for phase control arc suppression coils. Therefore, the other secondary winding as the filter winding is only connected with two filter branches to respectively filter 3 rd order and 5 th order harmonics.
Step 33, simplifying the primary part of the phase control arc extinction complete equipment into a primary capacitor
。
As shown in fig. 4, the arc suppression coil is in an operating state when the grid is normal. Under the normal operation condition, the silicon controlled rectifier is not triggered, and the A1-X1 winding is in an open circuit state. The two filter branches are equivalent to a capacitor with known capacity for power frequency
. Since the excitation impedance of the phase control arc suppression coil is larger than 10k omega, and the neutral point displacement voltage is not large at the moment, the inductive current of the phase control arc suppression coil can be ignored, and the primary part of the phase control arc suppression complete equipment is simplified into a primary capacitor connected between A, X
。
And step 34, arranging a switching switch on the filtering branch, and controlling the arc suppression coil based on a partial pressure measurement method.
As shown in fig. 5, a switching switch K is arranged in the filtering branch, and when the switch K is turned off,
is the unbalanced voltage of the system
. When the switch is closed,
is the unbalanced voltage of the system
In-system grounding unit capacitor
Equivalent capacitor of primary part of sum-phase control arc-extinguishing complete equipment
Voltage division on two capacitors:
wherein,
is the unbalanced voltage of the system and is,
the equivalent capacitance of the first part of the phase control arc extinction complete equipment is obtained;
is a system ground unit capacitance;
measuring the unbalanced voltage of the system when the switch K is off
When the switch K is closedMeasuring the voltage division on two capacitors
，
Is a known value, so that there is only one unknown in the equation
Solving the equation can yield:
since the switch K is not influenced by the unbalanced voltage of the system, the partial pressure measurement method can be suitable for various situations of power grid unevenness.
Step 35, the phase control arc suppression coil based on the partial pressure measurement method only needs to add a vacuum contactor or a similar switch on the basis of the conventional phase control arc suppression coil, and the capacitance current is measured and calculated by switching a filtering branch circuit and utilizing a filtering capacitor and a system to divide the voltage of the ground capacitance, wherein the capacitance current calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,
is a current of a capacitor, and is,
is a voltage of a neutral point of the battery,
is the angular frequency of the power frequency,
is the system grounding capacitance. Then, the accurate compensation and elimination are carried out through a phase control arc suppression coilThe calculation formula of the arc coil compensation current is as follows:
wherein, L is the phase control arc suppression coil compensation inductance. Make it
Arc suppression coil compensation inductance
。
The method can be suitable for various conditions of power grid unevenness, and is low in cost and easy to implement in terms of hardware; in the aspect of software, the algorithm is small in complexity and high in precision. The transient zero-sequence current collected later is based on the transient zero-sequence current of each line in the system after the phase control arc suppression coil compensation, and the transient zero-sequence current cannot be related by a formula in the text.
Step 4, transient zero-sequence current of each line within 5ms after the phase control arc suppression coil is accurately compensated is collected;
the general time for transition from a normal state (steady state) to a fault state (steady state) after a fault occurs is 5 ms-10 ms, so that data in 5ms of each line from the occurrence moment of the ground fault are collected, and the sampling frequency N is set to be 32.
Step 5, calculating the characteristic value of the feeder line, and accumulating the characteristic value;
the functional model of the accumulated characteristic values Ki of the feeder is as follows:
wherein, the sampling times is set as N, the total number of the system feeder lines is set as M,
i represents a line number, t represents a sampling moment corresponding to the sampling value,
is the calculated accumulated eigenvalue.
Step 6, accumulating the characteristic values of all the feeder lines according to the accumulated characteristic values
Sorting according to decreasing rule, and selecting accumulated characteristic value
A line that is positive is determined to be a faulty line.
The action accuracy of the fault line selection device is a precondition for ensuring that the fault is cleared in time, and the fault line selection device has important significance for protecting a power grid from long-time impact of overvoltage and preventing the range of accidents from being enlarged.
In this example, data within 5ms from the occurrence of the ground fault is collected, the number of sampling times N is set to 32, the total number of system feeders M is set to 5,
the sampling value of the ith feeder line when the sampling time of the transient zero sequence current of the line is t,
and calculating the accumulated characteristic value for the ith feeder line.
As shown in fig. 6, in an embodiment, the first path and the second path a are set to be grounded in the simulation model, the ground fault transition resistances Rz1 and Rz2 are 1 Ω, the compensation inductance determined by the phase control arc suppression coil is 0.1433H, the first path outgoing line I1 is 16.67A, the second path outgoing line I2 is 33.33A, the third path outgoing line I3 is 11A, the fourth path outgoing line I4 is 17A, the fifth path outgoing line I5 is 22A, the simulation result is shown in fig. 6, and the characteristic value result is shown in table 1. The characteristic values of the line 1 and the line 2 in the calculation result are positive, so that the line 1 and the line 2 are judged to be fault lines, and the line selection is correct.
Table 1: zero sequence current characteristic value calculation result of each branch
The invention aims at the fault line selection problem when multi-loop grounding occurs in an arc suppression coil grounding system, researches and sets a line selection algorithm based on the relative polarity characteristic function value of transient zero-sequence current, samples transient zero-sequence current data of each feeder line within a preset time period from the grounding fault occurrence moment for a plurality of times respectively, establishes a function model of characteristic values of the feeder lines according to the sampling times, the total number of the feeder lines of a power distribution system and the sampling data of each feeder line at each sampling moment, calculates the characteristic value of each feeder line according to the function model, and judges that the line has the grounding fault when the characteristic value is positive.
Based on a transient zero-sequence current relative polarity characteristic function value line selection algorithm, data within 5ms from the occurrence moment of the ground fault are collected, the characteristic value Ki of each feeder line is calculated according to a characteristic function model, and a multi-loop grounded line is rapidly and accurately judged. Compared with the existing algorithm, the method is not interfered by unbalanced current of a current transformer and transition resistance of a fault point, and has no additional impact on the fault point; the algorithm only needs to collect zero sequence voltage and zero sequence current signals and carry out corresponding calculation and analysis, can accurately judge the multi-circuit fault, is suitable for both an arc-extinguishing grounding system and a high-resistance grounding fault, and has important significance for more and more single-tower (pole) multi-circuit power distribution networks.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can implement the present invention in other various embodiments according to the disclosure of the embodiments and the drawings, and therefore, all designs that can be easily changed or modified by using the design structure and thought of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A multi-loop line ground fault line selection method based on arc suppression coil accurate compensation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring a neutral point voltage signal, and sampling each line for a plurality of times within a preset time period from the occurrence moment of a ground fault;
step 2, comparing the neutral point voltage signal with a set value, and judging that a ground fault occurs when the absolute value of the neutral point voltage signal is greater than the set value;
step 3, compensating the ground fault through a phase control arc suppression coil;
step 4, transient zero-sequence current of each line within 5ms after the phase control arc suppression coil is accurately compensated is collected;
step 5, calculating the characteristic value of the feeder line, and accumulating the characteristic value to generate an accumulated characteristic value;
and 6, sequencing the feeders according to the decreasing rule of the accumulated characteristic values, and selecting the line with the positive accumulated characteristic value to determine the line as a fault line.
2. The method for multi-loop line ground fault line selection according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps in step 3:
step 31, controlling the deviation current within 0.1 ampere to be stably output;
step 32, a filtering branch circuit is arranged to filter out harmonic waves of a secondary winding in the phase control arc suppression coil;
step 33, simplifying the primary part of the phase control arc suppression coil into a primary capacitor;
step 34, arranging a switching switch in the filtering branch, and dividing the voltage of the filtering capacitor and the system ground capacitor;
and step 35, measuring and calculating the capacitance current, and performing accurate compensation through the arc suppression coil.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein in step 34, when the on-off switch K is closed,
is that
In that
And
voltage division on two capacitors:
wherein,
is the unbalanced voltage of the system and is,
the equivalent capacitance of the first part of the phase control arc extinction complete equipment is obtained;
is a phase control arc extinction complete device capacitor;
phase-control arc extinction complete device capacitor obtained through partial pressure measurement method
。
4. The multi-loop line ground fault line selection method of claim 3, wherein in step 35, the capacitance current is:
wherein,
is a current of a capacitor, and is,
in order to be the neutral point voltage, the voltage of the neutral point,
is the angular frequency of the power frequency,
the system grounding capacitor is adopted; accurate compensation is carried out through the phase control arc suppression coil, and the calculation formula of the compensation current of the arc suppression coil is as follows:
wherein L is phase control arc suppression coil compensation inductance, so that
Arc suppression coil compensation inductance
。
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 5, the function model of the accumulated characteristic values Ki of the feeder is as follows:
the sampling times are set to be N, the total number of the system feeder lines is set to be M, Ait is a sampling value of transient zero-sequence current of the line, i represents a line number, t represents sampling time corresponding to the sampling value, and Ki is a calculated accumulated characteristic value.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the filtering branch is used for filtering 3 rd order harmonic and 5 th order harmonic in step 32.
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