CN114660269B - Method for recovering natural gas dynamic hiding process of ancient buried hill - Google Patents
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- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- YNIXPIABGHKZPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].CC Chemical compound [C].CC YNIXPIABGHKZPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recovering a natural gas dynamic hiding process of an ancient buried hill, which comprises the steps of comparing and implementing a main force hydrocarbon source rock area and a main migration direction based on natural gas isotopes, inclusion laser Raman and GOI indexes; then, forward and backward modeling combination of temperature history, buried history and hydrocarbon generation and discharge history is carried out to determine the secondary and main filling periods of the oil gas filling period; then, performing ancient structure recovery; then, comprehensively recovering the ancient migration path and the ancient gas-water interface based on the GOI index and the ancient structural characteristics of the reservoir inclusion; and finally, recovering the natural gas aggregation-dissipation process, quantitatively determining the dissipation quantity, and completing the recovery of the natural gas dynamic reservoir forming process. The invention applies macro-scale and micro-scale multi-method for the first time, dynamically recovers the hiding process based on inversion back-stripping and forward modeling quantitative coupling, improves the hiding research precision and accuracy, and has innovation, practicability and popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploration, in particular to a method for recovering an ancient buried hill natural gas dynamic hiding process.
Background
The Songnan low bulge in the deep water region of the Qiongtong basin has been found to have smaller scale and low abundance of the hidden mountain gas reservoir in the Zhongsheng world, and is not commercially available. The former research provides a natural gas long-distance lateral transportation and accumulation mode, and the construction ridge and the sand transportation and guide body are considered as key elements of transportation and accumulation of natural gas in the down-the-hill natural gas in the midwife, so that the understanding of the down-the-hill natural gas accumulation process and the enrichment rule is unclear, and the expansion of the down-the-hill exploration field is hindered.
The recovery of the dynamic oil and gas reservoir formation process is always the front edge and the difficulty in the petroleum geological field, single or some two methods such as reservoir fluid inclusion, oil and gas geochemical analysis, reservoir pressure recovery, numerical simulation and the like are adopted in the past to carry out qualitative combination research, and the method is correspondingly applied to the conventional clastic rock oil and gas field, has few researches on the dynamic oil and gas reservoir formation process of the ancient buried mountain, leads to research deficiency in the field and hinders the expansion of the field of buried mountain exploration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for recovering natural gas dynamic hiding process of ancient buried mountains, which reveals hiding process, hiding rules and hiding main control factors of the ancient buried mountains in basin, establishes a technical method suitable for geological conditions of areas and provides geological basis and supporting technology for breakthrough in the field.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for recovering the natural gas dynamic hiding process of an ancient buried hill comprises the following steps:
s1, comparing and implementing a main force hydrocarbon source rock area and a main migration direction based on natural gas isotopes and inclusion laser Raman and GOI indexes;
s2, forward and backward modeling combination of temperature history, buried history and hydrocarbon generation and discharge history is carried out according to the implemented main hydrocarbon source rock area and main migration direction, and the secondary and main filling periods of the oil gas are determined;
s3, performing ancient structure recovery according to the determined oil gas filling period and the determined main filling period;
s4, after the ancient architecture is restored, comprehensively restoring the ancient migration path and the ancient air-water interface based on the GOI index and the ancient architecture characteristic of the reservoir inclusion;
s5, recovering the natural gas aggregation-dissipation process according to the ancient migration path and the ancient gas-water interface, quantitatively determining the dissipation amount, and completing the recovery of the natural gas dynamic storage process.
Further, in step S1, the specific process of comparing the main force hydrocarbon source rock area with the main migration direction is as follows:
based on the component comparison analysis of the natural gas carbon isotopes, analyzing the maturity and the type of the natural gas, and determining whether the natural gas is the same gas source and the main migration direction;
comprehensively analyzing ancient environments based on natural gas carbon isotopes, associated condensate oil marker compounds and surrounding area hydrocarbon source rock microscopic structures and the geochemical characteristics of archaea and rock ores, judging the types of source rock kerogen by using the natural gas ethane carbon isotopes and the associated condensate oil marker compounds, analyzing the types of matrix (such as vitrinite, sapropel and the like and quantitative percentage content) by using the source rock microscopic structures, determining the ancient water depth and the ancient climate environments based on the types of archaea (such as porosities, sporopollen and the like and quantitative percentage analysis), comprehensively analyzing the sedimentary phases of areas, determining the types of main organic matters of an air source area and an air source area, and determining the distribution area of main force hydrocarbon source rocks;
and observing hydrocarbon gas packages of reservoirs with different drilling wells and different depths, quantitatively estimating GOI values of the hydrocarbon gas packages, and combining with the difference comparison of natural gas carbon isotopes, and clearly constructing a main migration direction and realizing a hydrocarbon source rock distribution area according to the rule of the GOI values in a horizontal-longitudinal direction from high to low distribution.
In step S2, forward and backward modeling combination of temperature history, buried history and hydrocarbon generation and discharge history is performed, and the specific process of determining the oil gas filling period and the main filling period is as follows:
observing reservoir bags with different drilling wells and different depthsThe wrapping body is divided into types and periods of wrapping bodies according to the occurrence positions of the wrapping bodies and fluorescence characteristics, the wrapping bodies are divided into different periods according to different occurrence positions and different fluorescence wrapping bodies, uniform temperature measurement of oil gas wrapping bodies or associated brine wrapping bodies in different periods is carried out, uniform temperature distribution intervals and corresponding main peak distribution of the wrapping bodies are analyzed, and the embedding history of well points and regional ground temperature gradient delta T are compared Ladder Determining formation temperature T for corresponding period Ground (floor) And determining corresponding filling periods according to the corresponding time of the formation temperature casting points and the corresponding formation buried curves, wherein the corresponding temperature interval corresponds to a plurality of filling periods respectively, and the main filling periods are determined according to the main distribution interval.
Further, formation temperature T Ground (floor) Is calculated as follows:
T ground (floor) ＝T Bottom +H/100×△T Ladder (1)
Wherein H is the formation burial depth, and the unit is m; t (T) Bottom Is the temperature of the sea bottom and the water depth<The seabed temperature of a shallow water area of 300m is 18 ℃, the seabed temperature of a water depth area of 300m-1000m is 4 ℃, and the seabed temperature of a water depth area of more than 1000m is 0 ℃; deltaT Ladder The unit is per 100m for the well region ground temperature gradient.
Further, taking different structural positions of the implemented main force hydrocarbon source rock distribution area as representative points, and carrying out simulation analysis on hydrocarbon generation and discharge conversion rates in different geological periods;
firstly, determining simulation parameters: determining a simulated stratum grid and absolute geological age thereof, taking the bottommost layer of the basin-formed construction gyratory as the bottom boundary of the simulated stratum, wherein the absolute geological age corresponds to the stratum of the exact stratum age, and the simulated stratum is continuous and continuous; determining the stratum sand shale content of each stratum grid, comprehensively obtaining the drilled area through drilling logging, logging or coring and rock debris data, and analogically determining the drilling and sediment phase characteristics of the non-drilled area; determining stratum temperature in different geological periods, directly determining the seabed temperature by water depth change, setting the ancient water depths in different periods according to the knowledge of ancient organisms and sediments, further determining the seabed temperature, calculating the stratum temperature except the reference type (1), and simultaneously, needing to refer to the research of a region about a heat flow peak;
and secondly, setting a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon generation dynamic model: the method comprises the steps of taking different organic matter types and microscopic components into consideration, carrying out thermal simulation experiments of different organic matter types under geological conditions according to the determined organic matter types and the evolution process of an actual temperature-pressure field of a region, determining specific hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters of the actual organic matter types and microscopic structure characteristics of the region, selecting the kinetic parameters determined by the hydrocarbon generation kinetic simulation experiments of the characteristics of the region according to the development characteristics and the condition analogy of hydrocarbon source rocks of the region to be simulated, carrying out hydrocarbon generation and discharge history recovery of different structural positions and different geological periods by using Petrolmod software, determining a large-scale hydrocarbon generation and discharge period according to the geological hydrocarbon generation and discharge conversion rate of 50%, and determining the conversion rate of 50-90% as a main hydrocarbon generation and discharge period.
Further, in step S3, the restoration of the paleo-structure follows the principle of conservation of spatial volumetric deformation, including the restoration of the ablation amount, compaction correction, paleo-water depth correction;
firstly, meshing seismic structural data, recovering the thickness of ablation by adopting a stratum thickness comparison method and a structural trend method, and establishing a structural grid; and then, counting the drilled data, and establishing a stratum porosity and stratum burial depth regression model which is used as a basis of compaction correction, wherein the mathematical model of the regression model is as follows:
Φ＝a×hb
wherein a and b are corresponding coefficient parameters; h is depth in m; phi is the porosity in units of;
combining the regional deposition evolution to establish the relationship between the paleo-stratum and paleo-water depth;
and finally, stratum stripping is carried out, so that the ancient structural characteristics of each geological period are restored.
Further, stratum stripping is a historical process for establishing the correlation between the buried depth of each stratum and the geologic age by comprehensively considering the deposition interruption, deposition compaction, single-layer stripping, multi-layer continuous stripping, faults and paleo-water depth according to the deposition compaction principle and from known well parameters according to the geologic age layer-by-layer stripping;
the mathematical model of formation back stripping is described as follows:
wherein Hs is the thickness of a deposited layer framework, and the unit is m; z1 and Z2 are respectively the burial depths of the top and bottom boundaries of the deposition layer, and the unit is m;porosity as a function of depth in units of;
establishing an exponential relationship between porosity and burial depth according to a porosity-depth equation under normal compaction:
in the method, in the process of the invention,the porosity at the buried depth Z is expressed as a unit; />The initial porosity of the earth surface is calculated according to the granularity analysis result and by referring to an empirical formula, wherein the unit is; c is a compaction coefficient, and the value of the compaction coefficient is different according to different lithology; z is the formation burial depth, and the unit is m;
substituting the formula (3) into the formula (2) and integrating to obtain the following formula:
when the degradation condition exists, Z1 and Z2 are respectively the maximum burial depths of the top and bottom boundaries of the deposition layer;
(4) Transformed into:
(4) The skeleton thickness obtained by the formula is obtained according to the formula (5), the original thickness of each deposition layer is obtained, and the layers are stacked layer by layer according to the stratum age from old to new, so as to obtain the burial depths of the layers in different periods.
Further, in step S4, the specific process of comprehensively recovering the ancient migration path and the ancient air-water interface is as follows:
determining hydrocarbon generation threshold depth (refer to formula (1)) of each construction position according to the ground temperature gradient of the corresponding construction region and the formation temperature of the maturity stage, analyzing the contact relation between the mature hydrocarbon source rock and the ancient buried hill structure according to the burial depths of the hydrocarbon source rock in different geological periods and the maturity degrees under the corresponding burial depths, and determining the ancient migration paths of each construction stage according to the contact region between the mature source rock and the ancient buried hill structure and the development direction of the ancient buried hill structure according to the different construction characteristics and the convergence ridge characteristics of the ancient buried hill in the construction stage;
combining the ancient buried hill structure evolution characteristics with the overlying and saddle deposition filling combinations, determining the ancient structure types (anticline or broken block structure types), development positions and structure amplitudes of each hiding period, determining the structure on the near-early mature source rock and the migration path as a pre-filling area by combining the determined ancient migration path, overflowing the constructed area of the far-mature source rock by constructing the inter-sand body, filling the constructed area of the far-mature source rock by overflowing, and determining the ancient gas-water interface and the corresponding ancient gas column height by combining the maximum gas peak and the maximum natural gas filling intensity period structure amplitudes and combining the GOI index 2 as a possible ancient gas-water interface (the old gas oil and gas reservoir is considered to develop by more than the inclusion GOI index > 2.
Further, the hydrocarbon generation threshold depth refers to: the reflectivity Ro of the lens body is 1.3% and 2.0% (corresponding to the formation temperature of 140 ℃ and 175 ℃ respectively) of the corresponding burial depth.
Further, in step S5, the natural gas aggregation-dissipation process is resumed, and the specific process of quantitatively determining the dissipation amount is as follows:
on the basis of the evolution recovery of the ancient architecture in each reservoir period, the thickness, the diagenetic strength and the activity of a control ring fault of each architecture cover layer in each reservoir period are determined, the trap conditions in each reservoir period are researched, the development period of the effective cover layer and the natural gas filling peak period are determined, and the gathering period and the main escape period of each architecture main body are respectively and correspondingly the effective trap, hydrocarbon generation and discharge matching period and the fracture activity period; combining the ancient gas-water interface, the drilled formation water feature and the drilling to reveal the current gas-water interface, determining the escape quantity by using the structural volume under the ancient gas-water interface and the structural volume difference of the current gas-water interface, calculating the escape quantity of a fault activity unit time period as the escape rate of each period, and using the time period with the maximum fault activity rate as the main escape period.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
compared with the prior art, the invention basically realizes the combination of macroscopic research and natural gas microscopic research in the formation process, the combination of geological mode and chemical experiment, and the combination of dynamic qualitative description and quantitative evaluation; in the aspect of oil gas source comparison, a plurality of technical means of isotope and hydrocarbon inclusion laser Raman and GOI quantification are adopted to judge the main filling direction of the natural gas, and compared with the existing single oil gas localization parameter comparison, the natural gas main filling direction is more comprehensive; firstly, the GOI data of the gas reservoir inclusion and the structure of the ancient buried hill are utilized to recover, and the ancient gas-water interface and the gas column height are inverted, so that the method is more quantitative compared with the prior art; in the aspect of recovering the oil gas dynamic reservoir forming process by numerical simulation, the prior multi-junction single-point buried history and basin geothermal history are used for secondary study of reservoir forming period.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the actual product dimensions; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationship depicted in the drawings is for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
Example 1:
as shown in FIG. 1, the method for recovering the natural gas dynamic hiding process of the ancient buried hill comprises the following steps:
s1, comparing and implementing a main force hydrocarbon source rock area and a main migration direction based on natural gas isotopes and inclusion laser Raman and GOI indexes;
s2, forward and backward modeling combination of temperature history, buried history and hydrocarbon generation and discharge history is carried out according to the implemented main hydrocarbon source rock area and main migration direction, and the secondary and main filling periods of the oil gas are determined;
s3, performing ancient structure recovery according to the determined oil gas filling period and the determined main filling period;
s4, after the ancient architecture is restored, comprehensively restoring the ancient migration path and the ancient air-water interface based on the GOI index and the ancient architecture characteristic of the reservoir inclusion;
s5, recovering the natural gas aggregation-dissipation process according to the ancient migration path and the ancient gas-water interface, quantitatively determining the dissipation amount, and completing the recovery of the natural gas dynamic storage process.
In step S1, the specific process of comparing and implementing the main force hydrocarbon source rock area and the main migration direction is as follows:
based on the component comparison analysis of the natural gas carbon isotopes, analyzing the maturity and the type of the natural gas, and determining whether the natural gas is the same gas source and the main migration direction; comprehensively analyzing ancient environments based on natural gas carbon isotopes, associated condensate oil marker compounds and surrounding area hydrocarbon source rock microscopic structures and the geochemical characteristics of archaea and rock ores, judging the types of source rock kerogen by using the natural gas ethane carbon isotopes and the associated condensate oil marker compounds, analyzing the types of matrix (such as vitrinite, sapropel and the like and quantitative percentage content) by using the source rock microscopic structures, determining the ancient water depth and the ancient climate environments based on the types of archaea (such as porosities, sporopollen and the like and quantitative percentage analysis), comprehensively analyzing the sedimentary phases of areas, determining the types of main organic matters of an air source area and an air source area, and determining the distribution area of main force hydrocarbon source rocks; and observing hydrocarbon gas packages of reservoirs with different drilling wells and different depths, quantitatively estimating GOI values of the hydrocarbon gas packages, and combining with the difference comparison of natural gas carbon isotopes, and clearly constructing a main migration direction and realizing a hydrocarbon source rock distribution area according to the rule of the GOI values in a horizontal-longitudinal direction from high to low distribution.
In step S2, forward and backward modeling combination of temperature history, buried history and hydrocarbon generation and discharge history is performed, and the specific process of determining the secondary and main filling periods of the oil gas is as follows:
observing the reservoir inclusions with different wells and different depths, dividing the types and the periods of the inclusions by using the occurrence positions of the inclusions and the fluorescence characteristics, dividing the inclusions into different periods by using the occurrence positions of the inclusions and the fluorescence characteristics, measuring the uniform temperature of the oil gas inclusions or the associated brine inclusions of different periods, analyzing the uniform temperature distribution interval and the corresponding main peak distribution of the inclusions, comparing the embedding history of well points with the regional ground temperature gradient delta T ladder, determining the stratum temperature T of the corresponding period, determining the corresponding filling period by using the time corresponding to the stratum temperature casting point and the corresponding stratum embedding curve, wherein the corresponding temperature interval corresponds to a plurality of filling periods respectively, and determining the main filling period by using the main distribution interval.
The formation temperatures T for different depths of burial and different geological periods are calculated as follows:
T ground (floor) ＝T Bottom +H/100×△T Ladder (1)
Wherein H is the formation burial depth, and the unit is m; t (T) Bottom Is the temperature of the sea bottom and the water depth<The seabed temperature of a shallow water area of 300m is 18 ℃, the seabed temperature of a water depth area of 300m-1000m is 4 ℃, and the seabed temperature of a water depth area of more than 1000m is 0 ℃; deltaT Ladder The unit is per 100m for the well region ground temperature gradient.
Taking different structural positions of the implemented main force hydrocarbon source rock distribution area as representative points, and carrying out simulation analysis on hydrocarbon generation and discharge conversion rates in different geological periods;
firstly, determining simulation parameters: determining a simulated stratum grid and absolute geological age thereof, taking the bottommost layer of the basin-formed construction gyratory as the bottom boundary of the simulated stratum, wherein the absolute geological age corresponds to the stratum of the exact stratum age, and the simulated stratum is continuous and continuous; determining the stratum sand shale content of each stratum grid, comprehensively obtaining the drilled area through drilling logging, logging or coring and rock debris data, and analogically determining the drilling and sediment phase characteristics of the non-drilled area; determining stratum temperature in different geological periods, directly determining the seabed temperature by water depth change, setting the ancient water depths in different periods according to the knowledge of ancient organisms and sediments, further determining the seabed temperature, calculating the stratum temperature except the reference type (1), and simultaneously, needing to refer to the research of a region about a heat flow peak;
and secondly, setting a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon generation dynamic model: the method comprises the steps of taking different organic matter types and microscopic components into consideration, carrying out thermal simulation experiments of different organic matter types under geological conditions according to the determined organic matter types and the evolution process of an actual temperature-pressure field of a region, determining specific hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters of the actual organic matter types and microscopic structure characteristics of the region, selecting the kinetic parameters determined by the hydrocarbon generation kinetic simulation experiments of the characteristics of the region according to the development characteristics and the condition analogy of hydrocarbon source rocks of the region to be simulated, carrying out hydrocarbon generation and discharge history recovery of different structural positions and different geological periods by using Petrolmod software, determining a large-scale hydrocarbon generation and discharge period according to the geological hydrocarbon generation and discharge conversion rate of 50%, and determining the conversion rate of 50-90% as a main hydrocarbon generation and discharge period.
In the step S3, the recovery of the paleo-structure follows the principle of conservation of space volume deformation, including recovery of the denudation quantity, compaction correction and paleo-water depth correction;
firstly, meshing seismic structural data, recovering the thickness of ablation by adopting a stratum thickness comparison method and a structural trend method, and establishing a structural grid; and then, counting the drilled data, and establishing a stratum porosity and stratum burial depth regression model which is used as a basis of compaction correction, wherein the mathematical model of the regression model is as follows:
Φ＝a×hb
wherein a and b are corresponding coefficient parameters; h is depth in m; phi is the porosity in units of;
combining the regional deposition evolution to establish the relationship between the paleo-stratum and paleo-water depth;
and finally, stratum stripping is carried out, so that the ancient structural characteristics of each geological period are restored.
In step S4, the specific process of comprehensively recovering the ancient migration path and the ancient air-water interface is as follows:
determining hydrocarbon generation threshold depth (refer to formula (1)) of each construction position according to the ground temperature gradient of the corresponding construction region and the formation temperature of the maturity stage, analyzing the contact relation between the mature hydrocarbon source rock and the ancient buried hill structure according to the burial depths of the hydrocarbon source rock in different geological periods and the maturity degrees under the corresponding burial depths, and determining the ancient migration paths of each construction stage according to the contact region between the mature source rock and the ancient buried hill structure and the development direction of the ancient buried hill structure according to the different construction characteristics and the convergence ridge characteristics of the ancient buried hill in the construction stage; combining the ancient buried hill structure evolution characteristics with the overlying and saddle deposition filling combinations, determining the ancient structure types (anticline or broken block structure types), development positions and structure amplitudes of each hiding period, determining the structure on the near-early mature source rock and the migration path as a pre-filling area by combining the determined ancient migration path, overflowing the constructed area of the far-mature source rock by constructing the inter-sand body, filling the constructed area of the far-mature source rock by overflowing, and determining the ancient gas-water interface and the corresponding ancient gas column height by combining the maximum gas peak and the maximum natural gas filling intensity period structure amplitudes and combining the GOI index 2 as a possible ancient gas-water interface (the old gas oil and gas reservoir is considered to develop by more than the inclusion GOI index > 2.
Wherein, hydrocarbon generation threshold depth refers to: the reflectivity Ro of the lens body is 1.3% and 2.0% (corresponding to the formation temperature of 140 ℃ and 175 ℃ respectively) of the corresponding burial depth.
In step S5, the natural gas aggregation-dissipation process is resumed, and the specific process of quantitatively determining the dissipation amount is as follows:
on the basis of the evolution recovery of the ancient architecture of each reservoir period, the thickness (H Thickness of thick ＝V Sinking and sinking * T), diagenetic strength (specular reflectance Ro established in zones versus formation burial depth ro=a×h b A, B are fitting constants, ro values of corresponding thicknesses of corresponding sedimentary cover layers are obtained, corresponding cover layer diagenetic strength and control circle fault activity are determined by referring to SY/T5477-2003 industry standards, the closing conditions of each diagenetic period are researched, effective cover layer development period (the thickness is more than about 500m, diagenetic strength is earlier than diagenetic B period) and natural gas filling peak period (hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon generation and discharge peak period in the corresponding migration direction) are determined, and the main body gathering period and main escape period of each structure are respectively corresponding to effective closing, hydrocarbon generation and discharge matching period and fracture activity period; combines the ancient gas-water interface and the characteristics of the formation water (water type judgment)The sealing performance is stronger than NaHCO3 type by CaCl2 type stratum water indication sealing performance), the current air-water interface is revealed by drilling, the escape quantity is determined by the difference between the structure volume under the ancient air-water interface and the structure volume of the current air-water interface, the escape quantity of a fault activity unit time period is calculated to be used as the escape rate of each period, and the maximum time period of the fault activity rate is used as the main escape period.
In the prior art, on the basis of element analysis such as hydrocarbon source rock, reservoir, cap layer, migration, trap, preservation and the like, the space-time configuration relation of each element is researched, and the natural gas dynamic reservoir forming process can be restored by combining a geochemical analysis technology and a numerical simulation technology. The invention dynamically integrates the conventional gas source comparison, hydrocarbon gas package laser Raman identification, GOI quantification, numerical simulation and other geological convention and leading edge technologies for the first time, and organically combines the conventional gas source comparison, hydrocarbon gas package laser Raman identification, GOI quantification, numerical simulation and other geological convention with the ancient buried hill structure restoration to form a set of technical system, thereby realizing digital 'ancient buried technology', greatly reducing the exploration risk in the field of buried hill in deep water areas, effectively defining the exploration direction which is favorable for the next step, and having good popularization practicability.
Example 2:
the embodiment is similar to embodiment 1, except that the formation stripping in step S3 is based on the principle of deposition compaction, and from the known well parameters, the deposition interruption, deposition compaction, single-layer stripping, multi-layer continuous stripping, faults and paleo-water depths are comprehensively considered, and the historical process of the correlation between the burial depths of the formations and the geologic ages is established by stripping the formations layer by layer according to the geologic ages;
the mathematical model of formation back stripping is described as follows:
wherein Hs is the thickness of a deposited layer framework, and the unit is m; z1 and Z2 are respectively the burial depths of the top and bottom boundaries of the deposition layer, and the unit is m;porosity as a function of depth in units of;
establishing an exponential relationship between porosity and burial depth according to a porosity-depth equation under normal compaction:
in the method, in the process of the invention,the porosity at the buried depth Z is expressed as a unit; />The initial porosity of the earth surface is calculated according to the granularity analysis result and by referring to an empirical formula, wherein the unit is; c is a compaction coefficient, and the value of the compaction coefficient is different according to different lithology; z is the formation burial depth, and the unit is m;
substituting the formula (3) into the formula (2) and integrating to obtain the following formula:
when the degradation condition exists, Z1 and Z2 are respectively the maximum burial depths of the top and bottom boundaries of the deposition layer;
(4) Transformed into:
(4) The skeleton thickness obtained by the formula is obtained according to the formula (5), the original thickness of each deposition layer is obtained, and the layers are stacked layer by layer according to the stratum age from old to new, so as to obtain the burial depths of the layers in different periods.
Example 3:
in the embodiment, the field of the intermediate-range down-hill of Songnan-Ling-nan low-bulge midrange in the deep water area of the Qiongtong basin is taken as a research object, and the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon generation and discharge history and the oil gas key filling storage period are determined based on gas source comparison and inclusion uniform temperature analysis; based on the ancient structural evolution recovery, the ancient structural characteristics of each reservoir or each filling period are recovered, the natural gas filling time sequence and the dynamic reservoir forming process are reproduced, a dynamic reservoir forming mode is established, the natural gas enrichment rule is defined, the gathering ridge, the conveying conductor and the preservation condition are integrated, and the main exploration type and direction are defined.
After the dynamic hiding process recovery method of the natural gas in the ancient buried hill in the embodiment 1 is used for carrying out the dynamic hiding process recovery on the field of the hidden hill in the low-bulge midrange of the south Songnan-Ling south of the deep water region of the southeast of the Qiong, the following analysis results are obtained:
oil gas source comparison analysis shows that the Songnan low-bulge permanent 3/1 structural area is the same air source and mainly receives hydrocarbon from land-source sea-phase hydrocarbon source rocks of the island concave-in-the-cliff group, the kerogen type belongs to II 2-III type, and the migration direction is a permanent 1 area Xiang Yong area; carrying out hydrocarbon generation and drainage history recovery at different structural positions by using the hydrocarbon source rock dynamic model, and combining comprehensive analysis of inclusion uniform temperature, embedding history and the like to clearly determine the natural gas filling of the development three stages of a research area, wherein the natural gas filling periods are about 23-16Ma, 11.5-5.6 Ma main filling periods and 1.37 Ma-present respectively;
the quantitative recovery results of the ancient architecture and the ancient buried hill at the key time of hiding show that the research area is about 23Ma, the research area is controlled by the NE to fracture, the unified buried hill architecture with high south and low north develops, the permanent 3 is at the construction high point, the permanent 1 architecture is low in slow, the lifting amplitude of the buried hill is small, meanwhile, the hydrocarbon source rock of the cliff group enters the high maturity stage, the natural gas moves from north to south along the north construction ridge, the amplitude of the permanent 8-1 buried hill is small, the natural gas overflows to south after being filled, but the permanent 3 exposes the ground surface, and the natural gas moves to the permanent 3 architecture to generate dissipation; about 16Ma, the NE continuously moves towards the controlled mountain to break, the permanent 3 and permanent 1 structures continuously rise to form two independent high points of the mountain in the south and north, at the moment, the permanent 3 is still higher than the permanent 1, the permanent 3 develops a three-group mudstone cover layer, natural gas overflows to the south after filling the permanent 1, and the permanent 3 is filled; about 10.5Ma, the permanent 3 mountain control fracture continuously moves, the permanent 1 mountain control fracture stops moving, the structure is in a structure of south, high and north, the hydrocarbon source rocks of the cliff group enter late gas generation peak at the moment, the natural gas filling strength is high, the height of the permanent 3 ancient gas column is estimated to be about 300m by combining with GOI indexes, and the permanent 1 and permanent 3 gas reservoir scales reach the maximum at the moment; 5.5Ma to date, under the influence of new construction sports, stronger Long Sheng occurs in late stage of Yong 1, yong 3 is gradually close to the high point burial depth of Yong 1, two submerged mountain constructions are basically shaped, natural gas is redistributed, yong 3 faults are later than Yong 1 moving time, the mineralization degree of formation water of Yong 3 is smaller than Yong 1, the sodium-chloride coefficient is larger than Yong 1, the storage condition of Yong 3 trap is worse than Yong 1, after natural gas is dissipated, the height of a Yong 3 present gas column is 133.6m, the height of a Yong 1 present gas column is 200.3m, and the natural gas dissipation amount of Yong 3 construction area is obviously larger than that of Yong 1 construction area.
Comprehensive analysis indicates that the large-scale structural ridge of the development of the area stretches into a hydrocarbon-producing main depression, the hydrocarbon source rock is sufficient in hydrocarbon supply quantity, the multi-stage natural gas filling is carried out, the early gas reservoir is large in scale, the natural gas dissipation occurs in the later stage, the current gas reservoir is small in scale, and the reasons of no scale reservoir formation are poor trap storage conditions. It is further clear that near hydrocarbon recession, development thick mudstone cover layer and weak fault late activity are the breakthrough directions of the hidden mountain step exploration in the midwife. Based on the knowledge, a near-source low-level down-the-hole mountain with hydrocarbon-rich pit is provided, and then the thought is gradually expanded to the potential hydrocarbon-rich pit or the hydrocarbon-rich pit field, a series of down-the-hole mountain targets are further evaluated, and L3 drilling is promoted. L3 drilling breaks through the field of obtaining the buried hill in the midget world, and proves that the butt joint surface of the near concave mature hydrocarbon source rock and the buried hill is large, the developed large-scale structural ridges are converged, and the fault of the control circle is hidden early in the stop activity time. The breakthrough of the structure opens up a new field of the low-bulge down-the-hill in the Ling south and shows good prospect of exploration.
The invention applies macro-scale and microcosmic-scale methods for the first time, based on inversion back stripping and forward modeling quantitative coupling, applies the field of natural gas in ancient buried mountains in deep water areas of the southeast basin, dynamically restores the reservoir forming process, improves the reservoir forming research precision and accuracy, and has innovation, practicability and popularization.
It is to be understood that the above examples of the present invention are provided by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. The method for recovering the dynamic hiding process of the natural gas in the ancient buried hill is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, comparing and implementing a main force hydrocarbon source rock area and a main migration direction based on natural gas isotopes and inclusion laser Raman and GOI indexes;
s2, forward and backward modeling combination of temperature history, buried history and hydrocarbon generation and discharge history is carried out according to the implemented main hydrocarbon source rock area and main migration direction, and the secondary and main filling periods of the oil gas are determined;
s3, performing ancient structure recovery according to the determined oil gas filling period and the determined main filling period;
s4, after the ancient architecture is restored, comprehensively restoring the ancient migration path and the ancient air-water interface based on the GOI index and the ancient architecture characteristic of the reservoir inclusion; the specific process of comprehensively recovering the ancient migration path and the ancient air-water interface is as follows:
determining hydrocarbon generation threshold depth of each construction position according to the ground temperature gradient of the corresponding construction region and the formation temperature of the mature period, analyzing the contact relation between the mature hydrocarbon source rock and the ancient buried hill structure according to the burial depths of the hydrocarbon source rock in different geological periods and the maturing degrees under the corresponding burial depths, and determining the contact region between the mature source rock and the ancient buried hill structure and the development direction of the ancient constructed ridge according to the different construction characteristics and the convergence ridge characteristics of the ancient buried hill in the mature period;
combining the ancient buried hill structure evolution characteristics with the overlying and saddle deposition filling combinations, determining the ancient structure types, development positions and structure amplitudes of each hiding period, combining the determined ancient migration paths, determining the structures on the near-early mature source rocks and the migration paths as filling areas, overflowing the structure areas for filling the mature source rocks through the structure sand bodies, constructing the amplitudes with the maximum gas generation peak and the maximum natural gas filling intensity period, combining the GOI index 2 as a possible ancient gas-water interface, and determining the ancient gas-water interface and the corresponding ancient gas column height;
s5, recovering the natural gas aggregation-dissipation process according to the ancient migration path and the ancient gas-water interface, quantitatively determining the dissipation amount, and completing the recovery of the natural gas dynamic storage process; wherein, the natural gas aggregation-dissipation process is recovered, and the specific process for quantitatively determining the dissipation amount is as follows:
on the basis of the evolution recovery of the ancient architecture in each reservoir period, the thickness, the diagenetic strength and the activity of a control ring fault of each architecture cover layer in each reservoir period are determined, the trap conditions in each reservoir period are researched, the development period of the effective cover layer and the natural gas filling peak period are determined, and the gathering period and the main escape period of each architecture main body are respectively and correspondingly the effective trap, hydrocarbon generation and discharge matching period and the fracture activity period; combining the ancient gas-water interface, the drilled formation water feature and the drilling to reveal the current gas-water interface, determining the escape quantity by using the structural volume under the ancient gas-water interface and the structural volume difference of the current gas-water interface, calculating the escape quantity of a fault activity unit time period as the escape rate of each period, and using the time period with the maximum fault activity rate as the main escape period.
2. The method for recovering the natural gas dynamic hiding process of the ancient buried hill according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the specific process of comparing the main force hydrocarbon source rock area with the main migration direction is as follows:
based on the component comparison analysis of the natural gas carbon isotopes, analyzing the maturity and the type of the natural gas, and determining whether the natural gas is the same gas source and the main migration direction;
comprehensively analyzing paleo-environment based on natural gas carbon isotopes, associated condensate oil marker compounds and surrounding area hydrocarbon source rock microscopic constitution and paleobiological and rock ore geochemical characteristics, judging the source rock kerogen type by using the natural gas ethane carbon isotopes and the associated condensate oil marker compounds, analyzing the matrix type by using the source rock microscopic constitution, determining paleo-water depth and paleoclimate environment based on the paleobiological type, comprehensively analyzing regional sedimentary facies, determining the main organic matter type of a gas source area and a gas source area, and defining a main hydrocarbon source rock distribution area;
and observing hydrocarbon gas packages of reservoirs with different drilling wells and different depths, quantitatively estimating GOI values of the hydrocarbon gas packages, and combining with the difference comparison of natural gas carbon isotopes, and clearly constructing a main migration direction and realizing a hydrocarbon source rock distribution area according to the rule of the GOI values in a horizontal-longitudinal direction from high to low distribution.
3. The method for recovering the natural gas dynamic hiding process of the ancient buried hill according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, forward and backward modeling combination of temperature history, hiding history and hydrocarbon generation and drainage history is performed, and the specific process of determining the secondary and main filling periods of oil gas is as follows:
observing reservoir inclusions with different well drilling and different depths, dividing the types and the periods of the inclusions by using the occurrence positions of the inclusions and fluorescence characteristics, dividing the types and the periods of the inclusions by using the different occurrence positions and the different fluorescence inclusions, measuring the uniform temperature of the oil gas inclusions or associated brine inclusions of different periods, analyzing the uniform temperature distribution interval and the corresponding main peak distribution of the inclusions, and comparing the embedding history of well points with the regional ground temperature gradient delta T Ladder Determining formation temperature T for corresponding period Ground (floor) And determining corresponding filling periods according to the corresponding time of the formation temperature casting points and the corresponding formation buried curves, wherein the corresponding temperature interval corresponds to a plurality of filling periods respectively, and the main filling periods are determined according to the main distribution interval.
4. The method for recovering natural gas dynamic hiding process of ancient buried hill according to claim 3, wherein stratum temperature T Ground (floor) Is calculated as follows:
T ground (floor) ＝ T Bottom +H/100×△T Ladder (1)
Wherein H is the formation burial depth, and the unit is m; t (T) Bottom Is the temperature of the sea bottom and the water depth<The seabed temperature of a shallow water area of 300m is 18 ℃, the seabed temperature of a water depth area of 300m-1000m is 4 ℃, and the seabed temperature of a water depth area of more than 1000m is 0 ℃; deltaT Ladder The unit is per 100m for the well region ground temperature gradient.
5. The method for recovering the natural gas dynamic hiding process of the ancient buried hill according to claim 4, wherein the simulated analysis of hydrocarbon generation and discharge conversion rates in different geological periods is carried out by taking different structural positions of the implemented main force hydrocarbon source rock distribution area as representative points;
firstly, determining simulation parameters: determining a simulated stratum grid and absolute geological age thereof, taking the bottommost layer of the basin-formed construction gyratory as the bottom boundary of the simulated stratum, wherein the absolute geological age corresponds to the stratum of the exact stratum age, and the simulated stratum is continuous and continuous; determining the stratum sand shale content of each stratum grid, comprehensively obtaining the drilled area through drilling logging, logging or coring and rock debris data, and analogically determining the drilling and sediment phase characteristics of the non-drilled area; determining stratum temperature in different geological periods, directly determining the seabed temperature by water depth change, setting the ancient water depths in different periods according to the knowledge of ancient organisms and sediments, further determining the seabed temperature, calculating the stratum temperature except the reference type (1), and simultaneously, needing the research of a reference area on heat flow peaks;
and secondly, setting a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon generation dynamic model: the method comprises the steps of taking different organic matter types and microscopic components into consideration, carrying out thermal simulation experiments of different organic matter types under geological conditions according to the determined organic matter types and the evolution process of an actual temperature-pressure field of a region, determining specific hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters of the actual organic matter types and microscopic structure characteristics of the region, selecting the kinetic parameters determined by the hydrocarbon generation kinetic simulation experiments of the characteristics of the region according to the development characteristics and the condition analogy of hydrocarbon source rocks of the region to be simulated, carrying out hydrocarbon generation and discharge history recovery of different structural positions and different geological periods by using Petrolmod software, determining a large-scale hydrocarbon generation and discharge period according to the geological hydrocarbon generation and discharge conversion rate of 50%, and determining the conversion rate of 50-90% as a main hydrocarbon generation and discharge period.
6. The method for recovering the natural gas dynamic hiding process of the ancient buried hill according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the recovery of the ancient structure follows the principle of conservation of spatial volume deformation, including recovery of the amount of ablation, compaction correction, correction of the ancient water depth;
firstly, meshing seismic structural data, recovering the thickness of ablation by adopting a stratum thickness comparison method and a structural trend method, and establishing a structural grid; and then, counting the drilled data, and establishing a stratum porosity and stratum burial depth regression model which is used as a basis of compaction correction, wherein the mathematical model of the regression model is as follows:
Φ＝a×hb
wherein a and b are corresponding coefficient parameters; h is depth in m; phi is the porosity in units of;
combining the regional deposition evolution to establish the relationship between the paleo-stratum and paleo-water depth;
and finally, stratum stripping is carried out, so that the ancient structural characteristics of each geological period are restored.
7. The method for recovering the natural gas dynamic hiding process of the ancient buried hill according to claim 6, wherein stratum stripping is a historical process for establishing the correlation between the buried depth of each stratum and the geologic age by comprehensively considering the deposition interruption, deposition compaction, single-layer stripping, multi-layer continuous stripping, faults and ancient water depth according to the geologic age and stripping layer by layer according to the geologic age according to the deposition compaction principle and starting from known well parameters;
the mathematical model of formation back stripping is described as follows:
wherein Hs is the thickness of a deposited layer framework, and the unit is m; z1 and Z2 are respectively the burial depths of the top and bottom boundaries of the deposition layer, and the unit is m;porosity as a function of depth in units of;
establishing an exponential relationship between porosity and burial depth according to a porosity-depth equation under normal compaction:
in the method, in the process of the invention,the porosity at the buried depth Z is expressed as a unit; />The initial porosity of the earth surface is calculated according to the granularity analysis result and by referring to an empirical formula, wherein the unit is; c is a compaction coefficient, and the value of the compaction coefficient is different according to different lithology; z is the formation burial depth, and the unit is m;
substituting the formula (3) into the formula (2) and integrating to obtain the following formula:
when the degradation condition exists, Z1 and Z2 are respectively the maximum burial depths of the top and bottom boundaries of the deposition layer;
(4) Transformed into:
(4) The skeleton thickness obtained by the formula is obtained according to the formula (5), the original thickness of each deposition layer is obtained, and the layers are stacked layer by layer according to the stratum age from old to new, so as to obtain the burial depths of the layers in different periods.
8. The method for recovering the dynamic hiding process of the natural gas in the ancient buried hill according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon generation threshold depth is: the reflectivity Ro of the lens body is 1.3% and 2.0% of the corresponding burial depth.
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