CN114659595B - Intelligent test device and method for water meter durability based on Internet of Things - Google Patents

Intelligent test device and method for water meter durability based on Internet of Things Download PDF

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CN114659595B
CN114659595B CN202210293843.XA CN202210293843A CN114659595B CN 114659595 B CN114659595 B CN 114659595B CN 202210293843 A CN202210293843 A CN 202210293843A CN 114659595 B CN114659595 B CN 114659595B
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meter
water meter
ball valve
automatic ball
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陈果夫
季杰强
吴晓杰
徐兵
张宁宁
徐达
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Zhejiang Institute Of Quality Science
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Zhejiang Province Institute of Metrology
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Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent water meter durability test device and method based on the Internet of things, and relates to the field of flow metering verification. The device improves the space utilization rate through a three-dimensional structural design; secondly, based on the machine vision function of the image recognition technology, a CCD camera is adopted to realize the automatic acquisition of the data of the water meter to be detected; meanwhile, wireless transmission of standard flow signals is realized by using a wireless intelligent water meter; and finally, remote monitoring of the test process is realized by using a mobile terminal control program. Thereby realize the promotion of water gauge durability device in the aspect of integrating, automation, intellectuality.

Description

基于物联网的水表耐久性智能试验装置及方法Intelligent test device and method for water meter durability based on Internet of Things

技术领域technical field

本发明属于流量计量检定领域,尤其涉及基于物联网的水表耐久性智能试验装置及方法。The invention belongs to the field of flow measurement verification, and in particular relates to a water meter durability intelligent test device and method based on the Internet of Things.

背景技术Background technique

民用饮用水冷水水表的计量准确与否直接关系居民利益,国家计量检定规程对此类水表的管理要求只作首次强制检定,限期使用,到期轮换,因此水表在使用一段时间后还能够保持其计量性能十分重要。水表耐久性试验装置通过模拟实际使用状况,对水表进行断续流量寿命性试验和连续流量寿命性试验,来检验水表在周期性流动条件下的耐用性及经受连续、过载流量条件下的耐久性。The accuracy of the measurement of cold water meters for civil drinking water is directly related to the interests of residents. The national metrological verification regulations only require mandatory verification for the first time, use within a time limit, and rotate upon expiration. Metering performance is very important. The water meter durability test device tests the durability of the water meter under periodic flow conditions and the durability under continuous and overload flow conditions by simulating the actual use conditions and performing intermittent flow life test and continuous flow life test on the water meter. .

近十多年来,随着硬件软件技术的不断发展,水表耐久性装置历经从第一代到第二代的升级,核心技术是基于步进电机控制断续流量控制阀,通过步进电机控制,可实现阀门开关速度在0.15Q3的精确可控。第二代水表耐久性试验装置较第一代水表耐久性试验装置相比具有以下的改进:(1)工作台加长加宽,实现12台水表4个批次能同时进行试验,而第一代装置只能进行3台1个批次试验;(2)实现监控数据的数字化传输,将第一代装置中监测流量、压力、温度的浮子流量计、压力表、插入式水银温度计分别升级成电磁流量计、温度传感器以及压力变送器,提升信号传输强度和准确度。(3)优化控制系统,实现试验过程部分数据的自动读取、记录和打印。In the past ten years, with the continuous development of hardware and software technology, the water meter durability device has been upgraded from the first generation to the second generation. The core technology is based on the stepper motor to control the intermittent flow control valve, which is controlled by the stepper motor. , the valve switching speed can be precisely controlled at 0.15Q3 . Compared with the first-generation water meter durability test device, the second-generation water meter durability test device has the following improvements: (1) The workbench is lengthened and widened, so that 12 water meters can be tested in 4 batches at the same time. The device can only carry out 3 sets of 1 batch test; (2) realize the digital transmission of monitoring data, and upgrade the float flowmeter, pressure gauge and plug-in mercury thermometer in the first-generation device to monitor flow, pressure and temperature respectively to electromagnetic Flow meters, temperature sensors, and pressure transmitters for improved signal transmission strength and accuracy. (3) Optimize the control system to realize automatic reading, recording and printing of some data in the test process.

尽管如此,现有的第二代装置仍存在以下缺陷:Nonetheless, the existing second-generation devices still suffer from the following drawbacks:

1、装置集成化程度低。为增加试验样机数量而加长工作台的长宽尺寸,导致装置的占地面积增大,操作便捷度降低。1. The degree of device integration is low. In order to increase the number of test prototypes, the length and width of the workbench are lengthened, resulting in an increase in the footprint of the device and a decrease in the convenience of operation.

2、装置自动化水平低。试验水表的流量数据仍采用人工读数的方式,工作效率低、数据准确度易受人为因素影响。2. The automation level of the device is low. The flow data of the test water meter is still manually read, which has low work efficiency and data accuracy is easily affected by human factors.

3、装置的智能化能力弱。根据GB/T 778-2018《饮用冷水水表和热水水表》和JJF1777-2019《饮用冷水水表型式评价大纲》,对水表的各检测项目提出更细化的要求,其中对于耐久性试验,断续流量和连续流量试验合计约需1000小时,按每天24小时运行需42天才能完成试验。装置无监控功能、远程控制功能,则需由试验人员定时查看,且存在一定的安全隐患。3. The intelligent ability of the device is weak. According to GB/T 778-2018 "Drinking Cold Water Meter and Hot Water Meter" and JJF1777-2019 "Drinking Cold Water Meter Type Evaluation Outline", more detailed requirements are put forward for each test item of the water meter. The total flow and continuous flow test takes about 1,000 hours, and it takes 42 days to complete the test if it runs 24 hours a day. If the device has no monitoring function and remote control function, it needs to be checked regularly by the test personnel, and there are certain security risks.

因此,提升装置的集成化、自动化、智能化是第三代水表耐久性装置研究开发的必然趋势。Therefore, the integration, automation and intelligence of the lifting device is an inevitable trend in the research and development of the third-generation water meter durability device.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

针对上述技术不足,本发明提供一种基于物联网的水表耐久性智能试验装置及方法,以提升现有水表耐久性装置的集成化、自动化和智能化程度。In view of the above technical deficiencies, the present invention provides a water meter durability intelligent test device and method based on the Internet of Things, so as to improve the integration, automation and intelligence of the existing water meter durability device.

本发明首先通过立体化结构设计提升了空间利用率;其次基于图像识别技术的机器视觉功能,实现被测水表数据的自动采集;同时运用无线智能水表,实现标准流量信号的无线传输;最后运用移动终端控制程序实现试验过程远程监控。The invention firstly improves the space utilization rate through the three-dimensional structure design; secondly, the machine vision function based on the image recognition technology realizes the automatic collection of the measured water meter data; at the same time, the wireless intelligent water meter is used to realize the wireless transmission of the standard flow signal; The terminal control program realizes the remote monitoring of the test process.

为了实现本发明的目的,具体采用以下方案:In order to realize the purpose of the present invention, the following scheme is specifically adopted:

本发明中的基于物联网的水表耐久性智能试验装置包括控制系统、供水系统和管道系统。The intelligent test device for water meter durability based on the Internet of Things in the present invention includes a control system, a water supply system and a pipeline system.

所述供水系统包括水箱、第一自动球阀、立式水泵、进水阀、排水阀。The water supply system includes a water tank, a first automatic ball valve, a vertical water pump, a water inlet valve, and a drain valve.

所述管道系统包括压力传感器、温度传感器、第二自动球阀、夹表器、第三自动球阀、无线流量计、流量调节阀。The pipeline system includes a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a second automatic ball valve, a meter clamp, a third automatic ball valve, a wireless flow meter, and a flow regulating valve.

所述控制系统包括PLC控制器、上位机、中继器、CCD摄像机。The control system includes a PLC controller, a host computer, a repeater, and a CCD camera.

所述水箱通过第一自动球阀与立式水泵的进水口相连接;所述的立式水泵有三台,每台立式水泵的出水口与一只第二自动球阀相连接,且在靠近每个第二自动球阀的管道上设置有压力传感器和温度传感器;每个第二自动球阀的另一端出水口与夹表器进水口相连接;被测水表串联放置,最外面两端由夹表器夹紧;夹表器出水口与一个第三自动球阀进水口相连接;每个第三自动球阀出水口连接一只无线流量计;每只无线流量计的出水口通过流量调节阀与水箱连接;所述水箱设置进水阀、排水阀,用于进水和排水。The water tank is connected with the water inlet of the vertical water pump through the first automatic ball valve; there are three vertical water pumps, and the water outlet of each vertical water pump is connected with a second automatic ball valve, and is close to each vertical water pump. A pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged on the pipeline of the second automatic ball valve; the water outlet at the other end of each second automatic ball valve is connected with the water inlet of the meter clamp; the water meters to be tested are placed in series, and the outermost ends are clamped by the meter clamp The water outlet of the clamp meter is connected to the water inlet of a third automatic ball valve; the water outlet of each third automatic ball valve is connected to a wireless flowmeter; the water outlet of each wireless flowmeter is connected to the water tank through a flow regulating valve; The water tank is provided with an inlet valve and a drain valve for water inlet and drainage.

所述PLC控制器连接第一自动球阀、立式水泵、压力传感器、温度传感器、第二自动球阀、第三自动球阀、流量调节阀和上位机。The PLC controller is connected with the first automatic ball valve, the vertical water pump, the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the second automatic ball valve, the third automatic ball valve, the flow regulating valve and the upper computer.

所述无线流量计的信号传输至中继器,所述中继器的信号上传至上位机。The signal of the wireless flow meter is transmitted to the repeater, and the signal of the repeater is uploaded to the upper computer.

所述CCD摄像机设置在被测水表表盘上方,对表盘进行数字读取,与上位机相连接;The CCD camera is arranged above the dial of the water meter to be tested, reads the dial digitally, and is connected with the host computer;

所述上位机中执行图像处理软件来识别被测水表显示的指示体积量并作数据储存;所述图像处理软件包括自动定位单元、自动识别单元。The image processing software is executed in the upper computer to identify the indicated volume displayed by the measured water meter and store the data; the image processing software includes an automatic positioning unit and an automatic identification unit.

所述自动定位单元包括边缘检测单元、角度检测单元以及字符分割单元,其中边缘检测单元用于将表盘的字轮边框凸显出来,以便于上下边界的检测;角度检测单元用于从边缘图像中将字轮框检测出来;字符分割单元用于记录字轮框中每一行或者每一列对应的像素的个数,根据个数判断边界。The automatic positioning unit includes an edge detection unit, an angle detection unit and a character segmentation unit, wherein the edge detection unit is used to highlight the character wheel frame of the dial, so as to facilitate the detection of the upper and lower boundaries; the angle detection unit is used to extract from the edge image. The character wheel frame is detected; the character segmentation unit is used to record the number of pixels corresponding to each row or column in the character wheel frame, and determine the boundary according to the number.

所述的自动识别单元包括字符提取单元、字符识别单元,所述字符提取单元用于对灰度图像进行阈值操作得到二值图,进行最外层轮廓检测;遍历所有检测到的轮廓,得到每一个轮廓的外接矩形;所述字符识别单元利用模板匹配法进行字符的识别。The automatic recognition unit includes a character extraction unit and a character recognition unit, and the character extraction unit is used to perform a threshold operation on a grayscale image to obtain a binary image, and perform outermost contour detection; traverse all detected contours to obtain each A circumscribed rectangle of an outline; the character recognition unit uses a template matching method to perform character recognition.

进一步说,每个被测水表表位处固定设置有所述CCD摄像机。Further, the CCD camera is fixedly arranged at the surface position of each water meter to be tested.

进一步说,单个所述管道系统设置一个CCD摄像机,并采用步进电机控制CCD摄像机沿管道推进,用于实现表盘拍摄。Furthermore, a single CCD camera is installed in the pipeline system, and a stepping motor is used to control the CCD camera to advance along the pipeline, so as to realize the recording of the dial plate.

进一步说,根据需要设置1~3个管道系统同时进行耐久性试验。Furthermore, as needed, 1 to 3 piping systems are set up and the durability test is carried out at the same time.

进一步说,所述无线流量计采用LoRa无线超声波智能水表。Further, the wireless flow meter adopts LoRa wireless ultrasonic smart water meter.

进一步说,多个LoRa无线超声波智能水表通过配接GSM无线数据采集器,利用GSM网络进行数据上传至中继器,构成无线监测系统。Further, multiple LoRa wireless ultrasonic smart water meters are connected to GSM wireless data collectors, and use the GSM network to upload data to the repeater to form a wireless monitoring system.

本发明中的基于物联网的水表耐久性智能试验的方法,包括以下步骤:The method for the intelligent test of water meter durability based on the Internet of Things in the present invention comprises the following steps:

Step1:根据试验需求,完成水表耐久性智能试验装置上对多批次被测水表的安装;Step1: According to the test requirements, complete the installation of multiple batches of tested water meters on the water meter durability intelligent test device;

Step2:根据水表耐久性试验要求,在上位机设置相关参数;设置每24小时拍摄一次被测水表读数值;Step2: According to the water meter durability test requirements, set the relevant parameters on the host computer; set the measured water meter reading value to be taken every 24 hours;

Step3:上位机控制立式水泵开启并供水;Step3: The upper computer controls the vertical water pump to open and supply water;

Step4:上位机读取被测水表上游水压、被测水表上游水温、流经被测水表的流量、断续流量试验中每一循环四个阶段的持续时间、循环次数、被测水表的指示体积量;如中断一次需重新读取一次,并写入数据库;Step4: The upper computer reads the upstream water pressure of the tested water meter, the upstream water temperature of the tested water meter, the flow through the tested water meter, the duration of the four stages of each cycle in the intermittent flow test, the number of cycles, and the indication of the tested water meter Volume; if it is interrupted once, it needs to be read again and written to the database;

Step5:将采集的数据或者异常报警信息保存并发送给使用用户手机端;Step5: Save the collected data or abnormal alarm information and send it to the user's mobile phone;

Step6:完成全部试验要求后停止试验。Step6: Stop the test after completing all the test requirements.

本发明的有益效果在于:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1)立体化结构设计,提升实验室空间利用率;(1) Three-dimensional structure design to improve laboratory space utilization;

(2)无线数据传输读取标准流量信号;(2) Wireless data transmission reads standard flow signals;

(3)图像识别技术定时拍摄识别读取被试水表读数,实现人工智能;(3) The image recognition technology regularly shoots and recognizes the reading of the tested water meter to realize artificial intelligence;

(4)移动端控制程序实现平台化远程监控,数据读取、查看,异常数据区别显示、修改,关键试验状态短信提醒,实现试验过程无人化操作。(4) The mobile terminal control program realizes platform-based remote monitoring, data reading and viewing, differential display and modification of abnormal data, SMS reminder of key test status, and unmanned operation during the test process.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的基于物联网的水表耐久性智能试验装置示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a water meter durability intelligent test device based on the Internet of Things of the present invention;

图2为本发明的水笔识别方法流程图。FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the water pen recognition method of the present invention.

图中:1、水箱;2、第一自动球阀;3、立式水泵;4、压力传感器;5、温度传感器;6、第二自动球阀;7、被测水表;8、CCD摄像机;9、夹表器;10、第三自动球阀;11、无线流量计;12、流量调节阀;13、进水阀;14、排水阀。In the figure: 1. Water tank; 2. The first automatic ball valve; 3. Vertical water pump; 4. Pressure sensor; 5. Temperature sensor; 6. The second automatic ball valve; 7. Water meter to be tested; 8. CCD camera; 9. Clamping device; 10. The third automatic ball valve; 11. Wireless flowmeter; 12. Flow regulating valve; 13. Water inlet valve; 14. Drain valve.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为了使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面结合附图对本发明的实施方式进行详细说明,本发明所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

立体化结构设计是现代装备发展的必然趋势,具有占地面积小、空间利用率高等优势,可有效缓解实验室资源紧张的现状。考虑到安装拆卸被试样品的便捷性,以及被试水表摄像自动读数用工业摄像机的移动轨道布局,应将立体空间布局结合适当的梯度。The three-dimensional structure design is an inevitable trend in the development of modern equipment. It has the advantages of small footprint and high space utilization, which can effectively alleviate the current situation of tight laboratory resources. Considering the convenience of installing and disassembling the tested sample and the moving track layout of the industrial camera used for automatic reading of the water meter under test, the three-dimensional spatial layout should be combined with an appropriate gradient.

如图1所示,本实施例中的基于物联网的水表耐久性智能试验装置,采用多条水表线并联的方式,包括控制系统、供水系统、管道系统。所述供水系统包括水箱1、第一自动球阀2、立式水泵3、进水阀13、排水阀14。As shown in FIG. 1 , the IoT-based water meter durability intelligent test device in this embodiment adopts a parallel connection of multiple water meter lines, including a control system, a water supply system, and a pipeline system. The water supply system includes a water tank 1 , a first automatic ball valve 2 , a vertical water pump 3 , a water inlet valve 13 and a drain valve 14 .

本实施例中,所述管道系统包括压力传感器4、温度传感器5、第二自动球阀6、夹表器9、第三自动球阀10、无线流量计11、流量调节阀12。In this embodiment, the pipeline system includes a pressure sensor 4 , a temperature sensor 5 , a second automatic ball valve 6 , a meter clamp 9 , a third automatic ball valve 10 , a wireless flow meter 11 , and a flow regulating valve 12 .

本实施例中,所述控制系统包括PLC控制器、上位机、中继器、CCD摄像机8。所述PLC控制器连接第一自动球阀2、立式水泵3、压力传感器4、温度传感器5、第二自动球阀6、第三自动球阀10、流量调节阀12和上位机,所述CCD摄像机连接上位机。In this embodiment, the control system includes a PLC controller, a host computer, a repeater, and a CCD camera 8 . The PLC controller is connected to the first automatic ball valve 2, the vertical water pump 3, the pressure sensor 4, the temperature sensor 5, the second automatic ball valve 6, the third automatic ball valve 10, the flow regulating valve 12 and the host computer, and the CCD camera is connected to host computer.

本实施例中,水箱1通过第一自动球阀2与立式水泵3的进水口相连接;立式水泵3的出水口与第二自动球阀6相连接,且在靠近第二自动球阀6的管道上设置有压力传感器4和温度传感器5;第二自动球阀6的另一端出水口与夹表器9进水口相连接;每个批次的三个被测水表7串联放置,最外面两端由夹表器9夹紧;夹表器9出水口与第三自动球阀10进水口相连接;第三自动球阀10出水口与无线流量计11相连接;无线流量计11出水口通过流量调节阀12与水箱1连接。水箱设置进水阀13、排水阀14,用于进水和排水。In this embodiment, the water tank 1 is connected to the water inlet of the vertical water pump 3 through the first automatic ball valve 2; the water outlet of the vertical water pump 3 is connected to the second automatic ball valve 6, and the pipeline close to the second automatic ball valve 6 A pressure sensor 4 and a temperature sensor 5 are arranged on it; the water outlet at the other end of the second automatic ball valve 6 is connected with the water inlet of the meter clamp 9; the three measured water meters 7 of each batch are placed in series, and the outermost ends are The meter clamp 9 is clamped; the water outlet of the meter clamp 9 is connected with the water inlet of the third automatic ball valve 10; the water outlet of the third automatic ball valve 10 is connected with the wireless flowmeter 11; the water outlet of the wireless flowmeter 11 passes through the flow regulating valve 12 Connect to tank 1. The water tank is provided with a water inlet valve 13 and a drain valve 14 for water inlet and drainage.

本实施例中,CCD摄像机8设置在被测水表7表盘上方,对表盘进行数字读取。CCD摄像机8通过无线传输将读取的数值上传到上位机,上位机中的测量系统采用图像处理软件识别被测水表7显示的指示体积量并作数据储存,见图2。In this embodiment, the CCD camera 8 is arranged above the dial of the water meter 7 to be tested, and digitally reads the dial. The CCD camera 8 uploads the read value to the host computer through wireless transmission. The measurement system in the host computer uses image processing software to identify the indicated volume displayed by the measured water meter 7 and store the data, as shown in Figure 2.

本实施例中的图像处理软件包括自动定位单元、自动识别单元,还包括字库单元;软件设计的总体构思:系统根据输入图片,先对图片进行预处理操作,将异常图片筛选出来。然后利用对图片中的字符位置进行自动定位,然后根据定位参数进行分割得到单个字符,最后字符进行识别。待识别的字符有一个标准的模板,存储在字库单元,字符识别过程中会根据标准的模板进行匹配。The image processing software in this embodiment includes an automatic positioning unit, an automatic identification unit, and a font library unit; the general concept of software design: the system first preprocesses the image according to the input image, and filters out abnormal images. Then, the position of the characters in the picture is automatically positioned, and then a single character is obtained by segmenting according to the positioning parameters, and finally the character is recognized. The characters to be recognized have a standard template, which is stored in the font unit, and will be matched according to the standard template during the character recognition process.

在进行图像处理之前一般需要进行图像的预处理,包括对图像的宽度、高度及质量分别判断,将宽度过小、高度过小及单色无表盘的异常情况筛选出来。在定位参数初始化中,将偏移角度设为零,上下边界及左右边界设置为默认值。Before image processing, image preprocessing is generally required, including judging the width, height and quality of the image separately, and screening out the abnormal situations that the width is too small, the height is too small, and the monochrome without dial. In the initialization of the positioning parameters, the offset angle is set to zero, and the upper and lower boundaries and the left and right boundaries are set to default values.

所述自动定位单元包括边缘检测单元、角度检测单元以及字符分割单元,其中边缘检测单元用于将表盘的字轮边框凸显出来,以便于上下边界的检测;本实施例采用Canny边缘检测算子,首先进行消除噪声。一般情况下,使用高斯平滑滤波器卷积降噪。然后计算梯度幅值和方向。接着进行非极大值抑制。这一步排除非边缘像素,仅仅保留了一些细线条(候选边缘)。最后一步,Canny使用了滞后阈值,滞后阈值需要两个阈值(高阈值和低阈值)。如果某一像素位置的幅值超过高阈值,该像素被保留为边缘像素。如果某一像素位置的幅值小于阈值,该像素被排除。如果某一像素位置的幅值在两个阈值之间,该像素仅仅在连接到一个高于高阈值的像素时被保留。The automatic positioning unit includes an edge detection unit, an angle detection unit and a character segmentation unit, wherein the edge detection unit is used to highlight the character wheel frame of the dial, so as to facilitate the detection of the upper and lower boundaries; the present embodiment adopts the Canny edge detection operator, First, remove the noise. In general, denoising is convolved with a Gaussian smoothing filter. The gradient magnitude and direction are then calculated. Next, non-maximum suppression is performed. This step excludes non-edge pixels and only keeps some thin lines (candidate edges). As a final step, Canny uses the hysteresis threshold, which requires two thresholds (high and low). If the magnitude of a pixel location exceeds a high threshold, the pixel is reserved as an edge pixel. If the magnitude of a pixel location is less than the threshold, the pixel is excluded. If the magnitude of a pixel location is between two thresholds, the pixel is only retained if it is connected to a pixel above the high threshold.

角度检测单元用于从边缘图像中将字轮框检测出来;对于仪表来说,其字轮框的上下边界是边缘图中最长的两根直线,本实施例也由此基于Hough变换来实现字轮框检测。Hough变换是从图像识别几何形状的方法。它利用点与线的对偶性,将原始图像空间的给定直线变为Hough参数空间中的一个点。因此原始图像给定直线的检测问题就转化为在Hough参数空间的峰值问题,即检测整体特性转化为检测局部特性。本实施例以字轮上下边界的默认位置及高度为初始值,在Hough参数空间中寻找一对峰值点,通过迭代式优化的策略,不断缩小检索范围,屏蔽铭牌、水波纹与强光等干扰,进而确定最佳的字轮框上下边缘线候选项。在确定了上下边缘线后,可进一步计算出偏移角度与上下边界。The angle detection unit is used to detect the character wheel frame from the edge image; for the instrument, the upper and lower boundaries of the character wheel frame are the two longest straight lines in the edge image, and this embodiment is also implemented based on Hough transformation. Character wheel frame detection. Hough transform is a method of identifying geometric shapes from images. It uses the duality of point and line to transform a given line in the original image space into a point in the Hough parameter space. Therefore, the problem of detecting a given line in the original image is transformed into a peak problem in the Hough parameter space, that is, the detection of the overall characteristics is transformed into the detection of local characteristics. In this embodiment, the default positions and heights of the upper and lower boundaries of the character wheel are used as initial values, a pair of peak points are searched in the Hough parameter space, and the search range is continuously narrowed through an iterative optimization strategy to shield the interference of nameplates, water ripples, and strong light. , and then determine the best candidate for the upper and lower edge lines of the character wheel frame. After the upper and lower edge lines are determined, the offset angle and the upper and lower boundaries can be further calculated.

字符分割单元用于记录字轮框中每一行或者每一列对应的像素的个数,根据个数判断边界;具体可采用投影法,投影法主要思想就是记录每一行或者每一列对应想要的像素的个数,然后根据这些个数判断它是不是边界或者是想要的物体。其中像素的个数就像是一个阈值,最后可以把每一行点的个数画出来便于直观的观察。The character segmentation unit is used to record the number of pixels corresponding to each row or column in the character wheel frame, and determine the boundary according to the number; specifically, the projection method can be used. The main idea of the projection method is to record the desired pixels corresponding to each row or column. The number of , and then judge whether it is a boundary or a desired object according to these numbers. The number of pixels is like a threshold, and finally the number of points in each line can be drawn for intuitive observation.

所述的自动识别单元包括字符提取单元、字符识别单元,其主要是根据输入的仪表图像,依据设定的定位参数,自动识别出字轮读数。自动识别功能与表型结构参数、定位参数及字库密切相关,要求字轮区域在图像中的位置保持不变,而对光照条件不作限制。The automatic recognition unit includes a character extraction unit and a character recognition unit, which are mainly based on the input instrument image and the set positioning parameters to automatically recognize the reading of the character wheel. The automatic identification function is closely related to the phenotypic structure parameters, positioning parameters and font library. It requires that the position of the character wheel region in the image remains unchanged, and the lighting conditions are not limited.

本单元执行前也需要对图像进行预处理,具体是:对图片的宽度、高度、字库、字符高度、字符宽度、字符间距及定位参数边界等分别判断。将图片宽度过小、图片高度过小、字库文件错误、字符高度与宽度超限、字符间距不均匀及定位参数越界等异常情况筛选出来。The image also needs to be preprocessed before the execution of this unit, specifically: the width, height, font library, character height, character width, character spacing and positioning parameter boundary of the image are judged separately. Screen out abnormal situations such as image width is too small, image height is too small, font file error, character height and width exceeding the limit, uneven character spacing and positioning parameters out of bounds.

所述字符提取单元用于对灰度图像进行阈值操作得到二值图,进行最外层轮廓检测;遍历所有检测到的轮廓,得到每一个轮廓的外接矩形。The character extraction unit is used to perform a threshold operation on the grayscale image to obtain a binary image, and perform outermost contour detection; traverse all detected contours to obtain the circumscribed rectangle of each contour.

所述字符识别单元利用模板匹配法进行字符的识别。主要思想是利用模板匹配来进行识别的。模版匹配是一种最基本的模式识别方式,用于查找与模板图像匹配的图像。在水表字符识别中用到的模板匹配方法,通常需要先对水表字符图片进行分类,也就是通过制作不同的水表图片所对应的字库,获取0-9的数字模型,再计算每个模板字符与要匹配的字符之间的相似性。具有最高相似性的那个将被视为识别结果。The character recognition unit uses a template matching method to perform character recognition. The main idea is to use template matching for identification. Template matching is the most basic way of pattern recognition to find images that match a template image. The template matching method used in water meter character recognition usually needs to first classify the water meter character pictures, that is, by creating the font library corresponding to different water meter pictures, obtain the digital model of 0-9, and then calculate the relationship between each template character and Similarity between characters to match. The one with the highest similarity will be regarded as the recognition result.

所述的字库单元应用于字符识别中,在模板匹配过程中为标准的字符模板。字库文件以“.dat”格式标志。字库文件中存有字轮整体结构特征参数及每个字符位的特征参数。每一字轮类型对应一个字库。如两款表具的字轮相同,则可共用同一字库进行图像识别。自动定位与自动识别算法都需要依据字库文件中的参数信息。与自动定位相关的字库文件参数包括单字符宽度与字符间距比值、正常字符对应的像素点个数、正常字轮框默认的上下边界纵坐标。The character library unit is used in character recognition, and is a standard character template in the template matching process. Font files are marked in ".dat" format. The character library file stores the overall structure characteristic parameters of the character wheel and the characteristic parameters of each character bit. Each character wheel type corresponds to a character library. If the character wheels of the two watches are the same, the same character library can be shared for image recognition. Both automatic positioning and automatic identification algorithms need to be based on the parameter information in the font file. The font file parameters related to automatic positioning include the ratio of the width of a single character to the character spacing, the number of pixels corresponding to normal characters, and the default vertical coordinates of the upper and lower boundaries of the normal character wheel frame.

本实施例中,CCD摄像机8采用每个被测水表表位固定设置,或采用单个管道系统设置一个CCD摄像机8,并采用步进电机,控制CCD摄像机8沿管道推进并实现数据拍摄。In this embodiment, the CCD camera 8 is fixedly set at each measured water meter surface, or a CCD camera 8 is set in a single pipeline system, and a stepping motor is used to control the CCD camera 8 to advance along the pipeline and realize data shooting.

本发明中,有三条相同的所述管道系统,高低并行设置。根据需要,可满足1~3条管道同时进行试验,每条管道系统工作时,均开启CCD摄像机8配套工作。In the present invention, there are three identical pipeline systems, and the high and low are arranged in parallel. According to needs, 1 to 3 pipelines can be tested at the same time. When each pipeline system is working, the CCD camera 8 is turned on to work together.

本实施例中,无线流量计11采用LoRa无线超声波智能冷水水表替换现有的电磁流量计作为试验标准流量的监控,并能实现数据的无线传输。LoRa无线超声波智能水表集测量、积算、显示、LoRa无线通讯于一体,采用微功耗技术,同时仪表具有体积小、稳定性好、抗干扰能力强等特点。采用了超声测流技术,可实现多角度安装,仪表测量不受影响,同时使管道压力损失降到最低。多个LoRa无线超声波智能水表通过配接GSM无线数据采集器,利用GSM网络进行数据上传至无线LoRa中继器,构成无线监测系统。所述上位机中设置超声波智能水表无线通讯模块,采集线LoRa中继器上传的数据。In this embodiment, the wireless flow meter 11 uses LoRa wireless ultrasonic intelligent cold water water meter to replace the existing electromagnetic flow meter as the monitoring of the test standard flow, and can realize the wireless transmission of data. The LoRa wireless ultrasonic smart water meter integrates measurement, calculation, display, and LoRa wireless communication. It adopts micro-power consumption technology. At the same time, the meter has the characteristics of small size, good stability, and strong anti-interference ability. The ultrasonic flow measurement technology is adopted, which can realize multi-angle installation, the instrument measurement is not affected, and the pressure loss of the pipeline is minimized. Multiple LoRa wireless ultrasonic smart water meters are connected to GSM wireless data collectors, and use GSM network to upload data to wireless LoRa repeaters to form a wireless monitoring system. The upper computer is provided with an ultrasonic intelligent water meter wireless communication module to collect data uploaded by the line LoRa repeater.

对被测水表进行耐久性试验测试,试验要求至少每24小时读取一次被试水表读数,连续耐久性的试验周期需要4-5天,断续耐久性的试验周期则需要38-40天,整个试验周期为43-45天。Carry out a durability test test on the water meter under test. The test requires reading the test water meter reading at least once every 24 hours. The test period of continuous durability takes 4-5 days, and the test period of intermittent durability takes 38-40 days. , the whole test period is 43-45 days.

采用本发明所述的基于物联网的水表耐久性智能试验装置,对被测水表进行耐久性试验测试的方法,具体包括:Using the IoT-based water meter durability intelligent test device of the present invention, the method for carrying out the durability test test on the water meter under test specifically includes:

Step1:根据试验需求,完成水表耐久性智能试验装置上对多批次被测水表的安装;Step1: According to the test requirements, complete the installation of multiple batches of tested water meters on the water meter durability intelligent test device;

Step2:根据水表耐久性试验要求,在上位机设置相关参数;设置每24小时拍摄一次被测水表读数值;Step2: According to the water meter durability test requirements, set the relevant parameters on the host computer; set the measured water meter reading value to be taken every 24 hours;

Step3:上位机控制立式水泵开启并供水;Step3: The upper computer controls the vertical water pump to open and supply water;

Step4:上位机读取被测水表上游水压、被测水表上游水温、流经被测水表的流量、断续流量试验中每一循环四个阶段的持续时间、循环次数、被测水表的指示体积量;如中断Step4: The upper computer reads the upstream water pressure of the tested water meter, the upstream water temperature of the tested water meter, the flow through the tested water meter, the duration of the four stages of each cycle in the intermittent flow test, the number of cycles, and the indication of the tested water meter volume; if interrupted

一次需重新读取一次,并写入数据库;It needs to be read once again and written to the database;

Step5:将采集的数据或者异常报警信息保存并发送给使用用户手机端;Step5: Save the collected data or abnormal alarm information and send it to the user's mobile phone;

Step6:完成全部试验要求后停止试验。Step6: Stop the test after completing all the test requirements.

本发明运用图片识别字轮的机器视觉技术,能有效解放试验人员简单的人力工作,提升设备的自动化程度。并在后台结合了移动端数据核查确认,如发现识别数据异常,可以在移动端直接调出对于的图像进行人工二次确定。通过立体化结构设计,可同时满足36只、12批次的DN15~DN25冷水水表进行耐久性试验。The present invention utilizes the machine vision technology of image recognition word wheel, which can effectively liberate the simple manpower work of the test personnel and improve the automation degree of the equipment. In the background, the mobile terminal data verification and confirmation are combined. If the identification data is found to be abnormal, the corresponding image can be directly called up on the mobile terminal for manual secondary determination. Through the three-dimensional structure design, it can meet the durability test of 36 pieces and 12 batches of DN15~DN25 cold water water meters at the same time.

以上仅为本发明的优选实施例,并不表示是唯一的或是限制本发明。本领域技术人员应理解,在不脱离本发明的范围情况下,对本发明进行的各种改变或同等替换,均属于本发明保护的范围。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to be the only or limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that, without departing from the scope of the present invention, various changes or equivalent substitutions made to the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The water meter durability intelligent test device based on the Internet of things is characterized by comprising a control system, a water supply system and a pipeline system;
the water supply system comprises a water tank, a first automatic ball valve, a vertical water pump, a water inlet valve and a water discharge valve;
the pipeline system comprises a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a second automatic ball valve, a meter clamping device, a third automatic ball valve, a wireless flowmeter and a flow regulating valve;
the control system comprises a PLC (programmable logic controller), an upper computer, a repeater and a CCD (charge coupled device) camera;
the water tank is connected with a water inlet of the vertical water pump through a first automatic ball valve; the water outlet of each vertical water pump is connected with one second automatic ball valve, and a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged on a pipeline close to each second automatic ball valve; the water outlet at the other end of each second automatic ball valve is connected with the water inlet of the meter clamping device; the water meters to be measured are placed in series, and the two outermost ends are clamped by the meter clamping devices; the water outlet of the meter clamping device is connected with the water inlet of a third automatic ball valve; the water outlet of each third automatic ball valve is connected with a wireless flowmeter; the water outlet of each wireless flowmeter is connected with the water tank through a flow regulating valve; the water tank is provided with a water inlet valve and a water discharge valve for water inlet and water discharge;
the PLC is connected with a first automatic ball valve, a vertical water pump, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a second automatic ball valve, a third automatic ball valve, a flow regulating valve and an upper computer;
the signal of the wireless flowmeter is transmitted to a repeater, and the signal of the repeater is uploaded to an upper computer;
the CCD camera is arranged above the dial plate of the water meter to be measured, and is used for digitally reading the dial plate and is connected with an upper computer;
the upper computer executes image processing software to identify the indicated volume quantity displayed by the water meter to be detected and stores the volume quantity as data; the image processing software comprises an automatic positioning unit and an automatic identification unit;
the automatic positioning unit comprises an edge detection unit, an angle detection unit and a character segmentation unit, wherein the edge detection unit is used for highlighting a character wheel frame of the dial plate so as to facilitate the detection of the upper boundary and the lower boundary; the angle detection unit is used for detecting the character wheel frame from the edge image; the character segmentation unit is used for recording the number of pixels corresponding to each row or each column in the character wheel frame and judging a boundary according to the number;
the automatic identification unit comprises a character extraction unit and a character identification unit, wherein the character extraction unit is used for carrying out threshold operation on the gray level image to obtain a binary image and carrying out outermost layer contour detection; traversing all the detected outlines to obtain a circumscribed rectangle of each outline; the character recognition unit recognizes characters by using a template matching method.
2. The Internet of things-based intelligent water meter durability test device according to claim 1, wherein the CCD camera is fixedly arranged at each measured water meter position.
3. The intelligent durability test device for the water meter based on the internet of things as claimed in claim 1, wherein a single pipeline system is provided with a CCD camera, and a stepping motor is adopted to control the CCD camera to advance along the pipeline, so as to realize dial shooting.
4. The Internet of things-based intelligent durability test device for the water meters as claimed in claim 1, wherein 1-3 pipeline systems are arranged as required to perform durability tests simultaneously.
5. The Internet of things-based intelligent water meter durability test device according to claim 1, wherein the wireless flow meter is a LoRa wireless ultrasonic intelligent water meter.
6. The Internet of things-based intelligent water meter durability test device according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of LoRa wireless ultrasonic intelligent water meters are connected with a GSM wireless data acquisition unit in a matching mode, and data are uploaded to a repeater through a GSM network to form a wireless monitoring system.
7. The intelligent durability test method for the water meter based on the Internet of things is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: according to the test requirements, the installation of the water meters to be tested in multiple batches on the intelligent water meter durability test device is completed;
step 2: setting relevant parameters on an upper computer according to the water meter durability test requirement; setting a reading value of the water meter to be measured, which is shot every 24 hours;
step 3: the upper computer controls the vertical water pump to start and supply water;
step 4: the upper computer reads the upstream water pressure of the measured water meter, the upstream water temperature of the measured water meter, the flow passing through the measured water meter, the duration time of each cycle of four stages in the interrupted flow test, the cycle times and the indicated volume of the measured water meter; if the interruption is once, the data needs to be read again and written into the database;
step 5: storing and sending the acquired data or abnormal alarm information to a user mobile phone end;
step 6: and stopping the test after all test requirements are completed.
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