CN114659359A - A energy-efficient system of calcining for kaolin - Google Patents
A energy-efficient system of calcining for kaolin Download PDFInfo
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- CN114659359A CN114659359A CN202210296683.4A CN202210296683A CN114659359A CN 114659359 A CN114659359 A CN 114659359A CN 202210296683 A CN202210296683 A CN 202210296683A CN 114659359 A CN114659359 A CN 114659359A
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- kiln
- wall
- cover
- combustion chamber
- kaolin
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- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000109 continuous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001909 styrene-acrylic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/14—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge
- F27B7/16—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being fixed relatively to the drum, e.g. composite means
- F27B7/161—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being fixed relatively to the drum, e.g. composite means the means comprising projections jutting out from the wall
- F27B7/162—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being fixed relatively to the drum, e.g. composite means the means comprising projections jutting out from the wall the projections consisting of separate lifting elements, e.g. lifting shovels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/36—Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
- C01B33/38—Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
- C01B33/40—Clays
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
- F27B7/28—Arrangements of linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
- F27B7/34—Arrangements of heating devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
- F27B7/38—Arrangements of cooling devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D15/00—Handling or treating discharged material; Supports or receiving chambers therefor
- F27D15/02—Cooling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient energy-saving calcining system for kaolin, which comprises a calcining rotary kiln, a combustion chamber, a raw material bin, a wall cooling machine and a storage bin, wherein the combustion chamber is communicated with the rotary kiln; the wall cooling machine is characterized in that a kiln hood is arranged on the outer wall of the wall cooling machine along the length direction of the wall cooling machine in a covering mode, an air outlet is formed in the side wall of the kiln hood and is communicated with an air inlet of an induced draft fan through a pipeline, and the air outlet of the induced draft fan is communicated with a primary air inlet and a secondary air inlet of a combustor through pipelines respectively. Has the advantages that: the system disclosed by the invention realizes the recovery of heat energy, reduces the usage amount of gas fuel by the burner, saves the production cost of enterprises, realizes energy conservation and consumption reduction, avoids excessive mullite impurities in kaolin finished products, reduces the amount of screen residue after screening, improves the yield of the kaolin finished products, further improves the economic benefit of the enterprises, effectively improves the decarburization efficiency and improves the product quality.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of kaolin calcination, and particularly relates to an efficient energy-saving calcination system for kaolin.
Background art:
the kaolin finished product is an ultra-white and ultra-fine powder, is mainly used for paper making, ceramics, medicines, printing ink, paint and the like, and has very wide application. At present, a kaolin finished product is obtained by calcining crushed coal gangue at a high temperature of 950-1100 ℃ in a rotary calcining kiln to remove hydroxyl, decarbonize and whiten, and the kaolin finished product after high-temperature calcination needs to be cooled and then is conveyed into a storage bin through a pipeline; the kiln head of the calcining rotary kiln is connected with a combustion chamber through a kiln head cover, and a burner at the head of the combustion chamber sprays flame to enable high-temperature air formed in the combustion chamber to enter the calcining rotary kiln to calcine crushed coal gangue; the crushed coal gangue enters the kiln from the kiln tail of the calcining rotary kiln, gradually moves towards the kiln head along with the rotation of the kiln, simultaneously exchanges heat with hot air flow in the kiln and the inner wall of the kiln, finishes calcining, dehydroxylating, decarbonizing and whitening processes after a certain detention time to form a kaolin finished product, and finally is discharged from a discharge hole at the bottom of the kiln head cover.
However, the above calcination method has the following problems: 1. the outer flame temperature of the flame sprayed by the burner is up to 1700 ℃, the flame is easy to directly contact with the kaolin in the kiln hood through the combustion chamber, so that a large amount of impurities are formed, and after screening, a large amount of screen residues are generated, so that the yield of kaolin finished products is reduced; the crystal structure of a kaolin finished product is damaged, the quality of the kaolin finished product is reduced, and the economic benefit of an enterprise is influenced; 2. the heat loss is easy to occur at the connecting part between the calcining rotary kiln and the kiln head cover, so that the using amount of gas fuel by a burner is increased, and the production cost of enterprises is increased; 3. the kaolin finished product after high-temperature calcination needs to be cooled in a mode that the kaolin finished product after high-temperature calcination is sent to a wall cooler and the outer wall of the wall cooler is cooled by natural air, and at present, enterprises do not recover heat carried by the kaolin finished product after calcination, so that energy conservation and consumption reduction of the enterprises are not facilitated, and the economic benefit of the enterprises is influenced; 4. the inner wall of the existing calcining rotary kiln is provided with a straight plate-shaped material-raising refractory brick, which has low bearing capacity, easy fracture and short service life, and in the operation process of the calcining rotary kiln, the material-raising range of the material-raising refractory brick is smaller than a quarter circle of the kiln body of the calcining rotary kiln, the material-spreading range is small, the height is low, so that raw materials in the kiln body are relatively concentrated, the contact effect with secondary air is poor, the decarburization efficiency is low, and the product quality is poor; in order to ensure the product quality, the currently adopted measures are to reduce the input amount of raw materials or increase the temperature, and the reduction of the input amount of the raw materials directly causes the yield to be reduced; the increase of the temperature not only leads to high energy consumption, but also causes that the heat generated by the decarburization reaction is difficult to diffuse due to the concentration of the raw materials, leads to high local temperature, directly destroys the crystal structure of the product, and leads to the reduction of the product quality.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide an efficient and energy-saving calcining system for kaolin, which is efficient and energy-saving and improves the product quality.
The technical scheme of the invention discloses an efficient energy-saving calcining system for kaolin, which comprises a calcining rotary kiln, a combustion chamber, a raw material bin, a wall cooler and a storage bin; the air inlet of the kiln head of the calcining rotary kiln is communicated with the air outlet at one end of the combustion chamber, and the other end of the combustion chamber is provided with a burner; a feed inlet of the kiln tail of the calcining rotary kiln is connected with a discharge outlet of the raw material bin through a screw conveyer; the discharge hole of the kiln head of the calcining rotary kiln is communicated with the feed inlet of the wall cooling machine, and the discharge hole of the wall cooling machine is communicated with the feed inlet of the storage bin; follow on the outer wall of the cold machine of wall the length direction cover of the cold machine of wall is equipped with the kiln cover the air outlet has been seted up to the lateral wall of kiln cover, the air outlet passes through the air intake intercommunication of pipeline and draught fan, the air outlet of draught fan respectively with the pipeline intercommunication is passed through in the import of the primary air of combustor and overgrate air import.
Furthermore, the kiln hood is of an arc structure matched with the appearance of the wall cooler, and an opening of the kiln hood is arranged downwards.
Further, the fire-blocking wall is further included; the fire wall is fixedly arranged in the combustion chamber; and a plurality of ventilation openings are formed in the fire wall.
Furthermore, the distance between the fire-blocking wall and the kiln head cover of the rotary calcining kiln is 1.5-2m, and the fire-blocking wall is formed by stacking refractory bricks.
Further, the calcining rotary kiln comprises a kiln head cover and a kiln body; the kiln head cover is arranged at the head of the kiln body, and a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the kiln head cover; one end of the kiln head cover, which is far away from the kiln body, is fixedly communicated with the combustion chamber, and a manhole is formed in the side wall of the kiln head cover below the combustion chamber; a heat-insulating cover is arranged at one end of the combustion chamber fixedly connected with the kiln head cover; one end of the heat-insulating cover is fixed on the end edge of the combustion chamber, and the other end of the heat-insulating cover penetrates through the kiln head cover and is arranged in the kiln body.
Further, the centre of a circle of the cover that keeps warm with the centre of a circle of combustion chamber is located same straight line, just the opening side of the cover that keeps warm with discharge gate on the kiln hood cover is corresponding the baffle that keeps warm and covers the base of opening side and be fixed with the C style of calligraphy, the side of baffle is fixed kiln hood cover inner wall, the cover that keeps warm adopts refractory to make.
Furthermore, a plurality of rows of material raising devices are fixedly arranged in the kiln body along the circumferential direction of the kiln body, the material raising devices positioned on the upper semicircle of the kiln body are in a continuous material raising state in the process of rotating along with the kiln body, and each row of material raising devices are formed by a plurality of L-shaped material raising bricks in parallel; the joint between the long side section and the short side section of the material lifting brick is arranged in a fillet manner; one side of the material lifting brick opposite to the round corner is arranged in an inclined plane; the material lifting brick is made of a phosphate refractory material.
Furthermore, two opposite sides of one end of the long side section, which is far away from the short side section, are correspondingly provided with fixed grooves, U-shaped fixed steel bars are clamped in the fixed grooves, and two ends of each fixed steel bar are fixed on the inner wall of the kiln body; the other opposite two sides of the long edge section are correspondingly provided with limiting grooves, the limiting grooves are positioned between the fixing grooves and the short edge section, the inner wall of the kiln body is coated and fixed with a heat insulation layer, and the joint of the heat insulation layer and the long edge section is clamped in the limiting grooves.
Further, the fish scale comprises a plurality of fish scales and snap rings; the one end of fish scale is fixed the kiln head covers, the other end of fish scale with the outer wall of the kiln body contacts the periphery cover of fish scale is equipped with the snap ring.
Furthermore, the air conditioner also comprises a cylindrical cold air cover; one end of the cold air cover is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the head of the kiln body through an annular fixing plate; a gap is formed between the inner wall of the cooling air cover and the outer wall of the kiln body; the other end of fish scale with the outer wall of cold wind cover contacts the other end of cold wind cover is fixed and is provided with annular baffle, annular baffle is tubaeform, the small-bore end of annular baffle is fixed on the cold wind cover.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the system disclosed by the invention, the kiln hood is covered outside the wall cooler, then the induced draft fan is used for extracting the hot air in the kiln hood, the introduction amount of the natural air is increased, the cooling of the kaolin finished product in the wall cooler is effectively realized, and meanwhile, the induced draft fan is used for conveying the hot air into the combustor as the primary air and the secondary air, so that the recovery of heat energy is realized, the fuel consumption of the combustor is reduced, and the production cost of an enterprise is saved.
2. According to the system disclosed by the invention, the arc-shaped heat-insulating cover is arranged at one end of the combustion chamber fixedly connected with the kiln head cover, the other end of the heat-insulating cover penetrates through the kiln head cover and is arranged in the kiln body, hot air flows directly enter the kiln body along the heat-insulating cover, heat loss from fish scales and the cold air cover outside the heat-insulating cover is avoided, a heat-insulating effect is realized, further, waste of heat is avoided, the use amount of fuel by a combustor is reduced, the production cost of an enterprise is saved, and energy conservation and consumption reduction are realized.
3. According to the system disclosed by the invention, the fire wall is arranged in the combustion chamber, hot air flow enters the calcining rotary kiln through the vent on the fire wall, so that the direct contact between flame and kaolin is effectively prevented, the content of impurities in a kaolin finished product is reduced, the amount of screen residues is reduced after screening, and the yield of the kaolin finished product is improved; the integrity of the crystal structure of the kaolin finished product is improved, the quality of the kaolin finished product is improved, and the economic benefit of enterprises is improved.
4. In the system disclosed by the invention, the material raising device is arranged in the kiln body, and the material raising device lifts and raises the raw materials in the kiln body in the rotating process of the kiln body, so that the raw materials are dispersed in the kiln body in a scattered manner, the material raising range is large, and the scattering height of the raw materials is greatly raised; the contact area of overgrate air in the increase and the kiln body makes the abundant contact of raw materials and overgrate air, promotes calcination efficiency greatly, makes the raw materials decarbonization more abundant, has effectively improved decarbonization efficiency, has improved the off-the-shelf whiteness of kaolin promptly, improves product quality.
5. The decarburization reaction in the system disclosed by the invention is an exothermic reaction, after the raw material is scattered by the material raiser, the contact area between the raw material and the secondary air in the kiln body is increased, so that the heat emitted by the decarburization reaction can be taken away by the secondary air, the phenomenon that the crystal structure is damaged due to overhigh local temperature of the raw material is avoided, and the product quality and the yield are further ensured.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion a-a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a portion B in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the portion C-C in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the material raising brick.
Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of portion D-D of fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is an SEM image of a kaolin finished product, wherein (a) is an SEM image of kaolin sample a and (b) is an SEM image of kaolin sample b.
FIG. 8 is a card for testing kaolin hiding power, where (a) is sample A; (b) sample B was obtained.
The calcining rotary kiln comprises a calcining rotary kiln 1, a kiln head cover 101, a manhole 1011, a kiln body 102, fish scales 103, a clamping ring 104, a cold air hood 105, a lifter 106, a lifter brick 107, a long edge 1071, a short edge 1072, a fixing groove 1073, a limiting groove 1074, a fixing steel bar 108, a heat preservation and insulation layer 109, an annular fixing plate 110, an annular guide plate 111, a combustion chamber 2, a raw material bin 3, a wall cooler 4, a storage bin 5, a fire baffle wall 6, a ventilation opening 61, a combustor 7, a screw conveyor 8, a kiln hood 9, an air outlet 91, an induced draft fan 10, a heat preservation hood 11 and a baffle plate 12.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-6, an energy-efficient calcining system for kaolin comprises a calcining rotary kiln 1, a combustion chamber 2, a raw material bin 3, a wall cooler 4, a storage bin 5 and a fire-blocking wall 6; an air inlet of the kiln head of the calcining rotary kiln 1 is communicated with an air outlet at one end of the combustion chamber 2, and a combustor 7 is arranged at the other end of the combustion chamber 2; a feed inlet of the kiln tail of the calcination rotary kiln 1 is connected with a discharge outlet of the raw material bin 3 through a screw conveyer 8; the discharge port of the kiln head of the calcining rotary kiln 1 is communicated with the feed port of the wall cooler 4, and the discharge port of the wall cooler 4 is communicated with the feed port of the storage bin 5; the kiln hood 9 is arranged on the outer wall of the wall cooling machine 4 along the length direction of the wall cooling machine 4 in a covering mode, an air outlet 91 is formed in the side wall of the kiln hood 9, the air outlet 91 is communicated with an air inlet of the induced draft fan 10 through a pipeline, the air outlet 91 of the induced draft fan 10 is communicated with a primary air inlet and a secondary air inlet of the combustor 7 through pipelines respectively, the kiln hood 9 is of an arc-shaped structure matched with the appearance of the wall cooling machine 4, and the opening of the kiln hood 9 is arranged downwards.
A fire wall 6 is fixedly arranged in the combustion chamber 2; the fire-blocking wall 6 is provided with a plurality of ventilation openings 61, the distance between the fire-blocking wall 6 and the kiln head cover 101 is 1.5-2m, and the fire-blocking wall 6 is formed by stacking refractory bricks.
The calcination rotary kiln 1 comprises a kiln head cover 101, a kiln body 102, fish scales 103, a clamping ring 104 and a cold wind cover 105; a kiln head cover 101 is arranged at the head of the kiln body 102, and a discharge hole is formed at the bottom of the kiln head cover 101; one end of the kiln head cover 101, which is far away from the kiln body 102, is fixedly communicated with the combustion chamber 2, a manhole 1011 is formed in the side wall of the kiln head cover 101 below the combustion chamber 2, so that the maintenance is convenient, and a heat-insulating cover 11 is arranged at one end of the combustion chamber 2, which is fixedly connected with the kiln head cover 101; one end of the heat preservation cover 11 is fixed at the end edge of the combustion chamber 2, the other end of the heat preservation cover 11 penetrates through the kiln head cover 101 and is arranged in the kiln body 102, the circle center of the heat preservation cover 11 and the circle center of the combustion chamber 2 are located on the same straight line, the opening side of the heat preservation cover 11 corresponds to the discharge hole in the kiln head cover 101, a C-shaped baffle plate 12 is fixed on the bottom edge of the opening side of the heat preservation cover 11, the side edge of the baffle plate 12 is fixed on the inner wall of the kiln head cover 101, the heat preservation cover 11 is made of refractory materials, hot air flows directly enter the kiln body 102 along the heat preservation cover 11, heat loss from the fish scale 103 and the cold air cover 105 outside the heat preservation cover 11 is avoided, the heat preservation effect is achieved, further, heat waste is avoided, the use amount of gas fuel by the combustor 7 is reduced, the production cost of an enterprise is saved, and energy conservation and consumption reduction are achieved.
A plurality of rows of material lifters 106 arranged along the circumferential direction of the kiln body 102 are fixedly arranged in the kiln body 102, in the process of rotating along with the kiln body 102, the material lifters 106 positioned on the upper semicircle of the kiln body 102 are in a continuous material lifting state, and each row of material lifters 106 is formed by a plurality of L-shaped material lifting bricks 107 in parallel; the joint between the long side section 1071 and the short side section 1072 of the material lifting brick 107 is arranged in a fillet manner, so that the strength of the joint between the long side section 1071 and the short side section 1072 is improved, the fillet can greatly reduce stress concentration, is not easy to break, and the service life of the material lifting brick 107 is prolonged; one side of the material lifting brick 107 opposite to the round corner is arranged in an inclined plane so as to reduce the dead weight of the material lifting brick 107; the material lifting brick 107 is made of a phosphate refractory material, fixing grooves 1073 are correspondingly formed in two opposite sides of one end, far away from the short-side section 1072, of the long-side section 1071, U-shaped fixing steel bars 108 are clamped in the fixing grooves 1073, and two ends of each fixing steel bar 108 are fixed on the inner wall of the kiln body 102; spacing recess 1074 has been seted up in long side section 1071's other relative both sides correspondence, spacing recess 1074 is located between fixed recess 1073 and the short side section 1072, be fixed with heat preservation insulating layer 109 at kiln body 102 inner wall coating, heat preservation insulating layer 109 and long side section 1071's junction joint are in spacing recess 1074, strengthen being connected between heat preservation insulating layer 109 and the material lifting brick 107, after fixed reinforcing bar 108 fracture, the effect of fixed material lifting brick 107 can be played to heat preservation insulating layer 109 of joint in spacing recess 1074.
One end of the cooling air cover 105 is fixedly arranged at the outer side of the head part of the kiln body 102 through an annular fixing plate 110; a gap is formed between the inner wall of the cooling fan cover 105 and the outer wall of the kiln body 102; one end of the fish scale 103 is fixed on the kiln head cover 101, the other end of the fish scale 103 is in contact with the outer wall of the cold wind cover 105, a clamping ring 104 is sleeved on the periphery of the fish scale 103, an annular guide plate 111 is fixedly arranged at the other end of the cold wind cover 105, the annular guide plate 111 is horn-shaped, and the small-caliber end of the annular guide plate 111 is fixed on the cold wind cover 105.
The working principle is as follows:
conveying the coal gangue crushed particles in the raw material bin 3 to a calcining rotary kiln 1 with the temperature of 950-1090 ℃ through a screw conveyor 8 for calcining, simultaneously rotating a kiln body 102, lifting the raw materials in the kiln body 102 to the upper half part of the kiln body 102 through lifting bricks 107 forming a lifting device 106 in the rotating process of the kiln body 102, and then lifting the raw materials to disperse the raw materials in the kiln body 102 in a scattered manner, so that the lifting range is large, and the scattering height of the raw materials is greatly improved; the contact area of the secondary air in the kiln body 102 is increased, so that the raw material is in full contact with the secondary air, the calcining efficiency is greatly improved, the raw material is more fully decarburized, the decarburizing efficiency is effectively improved, the whiteness of kaolin finished products is improved, and the product quality is improved.
Calcining in the kiln body 102, the coal gangue is subjected to decarburization reaction to form kaolin, wherein the decarburization reaction is exothermic reaction, after the raw material is scattered by the material raising device 106, the contact area of the raw material and secondary air in the kiln body 102 is increased, so that heat emitted by the decarburization reaction can be taken away by the secondary air, the phenomenon that the local temperature of the raw material is too high to damage a crystal structure is avoided, and the product quality and the yield are further ensured.
After the kiln body 102 is calcined, the material is discharged into the wall cooler 4 from the discharge hole of the kiln hood 101, the induced draft fan 10 operates to extract hot air in the kiln hood 9, the temperature of the hot air is 50-300 ℃, the introduction amount of natural air is increased, the cooling of kaolin finished products in the wall cooler 4 is further effectively realized, and the cooled material is sent to the storage bin 5; the hot air extracted by the draught fan 10 is conveyed to the combustor 7 as primary air and secondary air, so that the recovery of heat energy is realized, the use amount of the combustor 7 for gas fuel is reduced, the production cost of enterprises is saved, the primary air is used as combustion-supporting air, hot air is favorable for combustion of fuel gas, the secondary air is used for conveying hot air flow, the temperature and the atmosphere in the kiln body 102 are adjusted, and the decarburization efficiency is effectively improved.
The flame after combustion is blocked by the fire-blocking wall 6, so that the direct contact between the flame and the kaolin is avoided, the content of impurities in the kaolin finished product is reduced, the amount of screen residues is reduced after screening, and the yield of the kaolin finished product is improved; the integrity of the crystal structure of the kaolin finished product is improved, the quality of the kaolin finished product is improved, and the economic benefit of enterprises is improved.
Comparative example 1: the pulverized coal gangue enters the calcining rotary kiln from the kiln tail of the calcining rotary kiln with the inner wall provided with the straight plate-shaped material-raising refractory bricks, and flame is sprayed out of a burner at the head of the combustion chamber, so that high-temperature air formed in the combustion chamber enters the calcining rotary kiln to calcine the pulverized coal gangue; the crushed coal gangue gradually moves towards the kiln head along with the rotation of the kiln, meanwhile, heat exchange is completed between the crushed coal gangue and hot airflow in the kiln and the inner wall of the kiln, the processes of calcination, dehydroxylation, decarburization and whitening are completed after a certain detention time, a kaolin finished product is formed, finally, the kaolin finished product is discharged from a discharge hole at the bottom of a kiln head cover, enters a wall cooling machine for natural cooling, and is conveyed to a storage bin through a pipeline after being cooled.
The fuel gas used by the fuel burners in the embodiment 1 and the comparative example 1 is prepared by a coal gas preparation process, 1 ton of kaolin produced by the comparative example 1 needs 0.28-0.3 ton of fire coal, and only 0.19-0.23 ton of fire coal needs to be used for producing 1 ton of kaolin produced by the embodiment 1, so that the coal consumption is obviously reduced, and the production cost of enterprises is further saved.
Comparative example 1 was used to produce 1 ton of kaolin, yielding about 0.5kg of screen residue; whereas 1 ton of kaolin was produced using example 1, only about 0.1kg of sieve residue was produced; the kaolin produced by the system in the embodiment 1 of the invention obviously reduces the content of impurities in the kaolin finished product, and the amount of the screen residue is reduced after screening.
Experiment:
the kaolin produced in comparative example 1 was chosen as sample a and the kaolin produced in example 1 was chosen as sample b.
1. Surface topography observation
The surface morphologies of the sample a and the sample b were observed by a scanning electron microscope, and the detailed display result is shown in fig. 7, and it can be seen from fig. 7(a) that the crystal structure of the kaolin produced in the comparative example 1 is granular and is agglomerated together; as can be seen from fig. 7(b), the crystalline structure of the kaolin produced in example 1 is lamellar, more complete than that of the kaolin produced in comparative example 1.
2. Kaolin hiding power detection
(1) The preparation method comprises the steps of adding 1.8g of cellulose into 136g of distilled water, uniformly stirring, then adding 0.8g of pH regulator, uniformly stirring, then sequentially adding 3.6g of organic dispersant (SN5040), 4.0g of inorganic dispersant (20% sodium hexametaphosphate), 6.9g of ethylene glycol, 4.8g of film-forming additive and 0.2g of defoaming agent, stirring for 10 minutes at the rotation speed of 1000rpm, then adding 125g of kaolin sample a, stirring for 10 minutes at the rotation speed of 3000rpm, finally adding 69.9g of styrene-acrylic emulsion and 1.0g of defoaming agent, and stirring for 3 minutes to obtain sample A.
(2) The preparation method comprises the steps of adding 1.8g of cellulose into 136g of distilled water, uniformly stirring, then adding 0.8g of pH regulator, uniformly stirring, then sequentially adding 3.6g of organic dispersant (SN5040), 4.0g of inorganic dispersant (20% sodium hexametaphosphate), 6.9g of ethylene glycol, 4.8g of film-forming additive and 0.2g of defoaming agent, stirring for 10 minutes at the rotation speed of 1000rpm, then adding 125g of kaolin sample B, stirring for 10 minutes at the rotation speed of 3000rpm, finally adding 69.9g of styrene-acrylic emulsion and 1.0g of defoaming agent, and stirring for 3 minutes to obtain sample B.
Dropping the sample A and the sample B on a blackboard of the card respectively, scraping two drops of the solution from the blackboard to the whiteboard, drying the solution, and detecting the whiteness of the sample A and the sample B by a WSB-3A intelligent digital whiteness meter, wherein the detection result is shown in figure 8 in detail.
As can be seen in FIG. 8, sample B is whiter at the blackboard than sample A; through the detection of a WSB-3A intelligent digital whiteness meter, the whiteness of the sample A at a blackboard is 74.3%, and the whiteness of the sample A at a whiteboard is 86.6%, so that the coverage rate is 74.3/86.6 multiplied by 100%, namely 85.8%; the whiteness of the sample B at the blackboard was 79% and the whiteness of the white board was 87.6%, so the coverage was 79/87.6 × 100% to 90.2%, and the coverage of the sample B was 4.4% different from that of the sample a, thus demonstrating that the kaolin finished product prepared in example 1 of the present invention had a more complete crystal structure and better coverage than the kaolin finished product prepared in comparative example 1.
3. Whiteness detection of kaolin finished product
Respectively pressing the kaolin sample a and the kaolin sample b into round cake-shaped samples with the diameter of 4cm and the thickness of 1cm, and then performing whiteness detection by using a WSB-3A intelligent digital whiteness meter; and (3) detection results: the whiteness of the kaolin finished product prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is 94.3%, and the whiteness of the kaolin finished product prepared in the comparative example 1 is only 93.9%, so that the coal gangue can be fully calcined by adopting the system in the embodiment 1 of the invention, the decarburization of the coal gangue is more sufficient, the decarburization efficiency is effectively improved, namely, the whiteness of the kaolin finished product is improved, and the product quality is further improved.
4. Kaolin particle size distribution determination
Respectively weighing 0.2g of kaolin sample a and 0.2g of kaolin sample b, respectively placing the kaolin samples into 500ml beakers, respectively diluting the kaolin samples to 40% by using 2% of dispersant water, placing the kaolin samples into an ultrasonic disperser for dispersing for 3 minutes, respectively preparing suspensions with 2% of sodium hexametaphosphate to have the concentration of 1700 + 1800, and finally detecting the suspensions by using a BT-1500 centrifugal sedimentation type particle size distribution instrument; and (3) detection results: the kaolin finished product prepared in example 1 of the present invention, in which the particles having a particle size of less than 2 μm account for 83.8% of the total amount of the particles, whereas the kaolin finished product prepared in comparative example 1, in which the particles having a particle size of less than 2 μm account for 81.3% of the total amount of the particles, was prepared using the system of example 1 of the present invention, thereby protecting the integrity of the crystal structure thereof and reducing the loss of the kaolin finished product having a particle size of less than 2 μm.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and should be considered as within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An efficient energy-saving calcining system for kaolin is characterized by comprising a calcining rotary kiln, a combustion chamber, a raw material bin, a wall cooling machine and a storage bin;
the air inlet of the kiln head of the calcining rotary kiln is communicated with the air outlet at one end of the combustion chamber, and the other end of the combustion chamber is provided with a burner; a feed port of the kiln tail of the calcining rotary kiln is connected with a discharge port of the raw material bin through a screw conveyer; the discharge hole of the kiln head of the calcining rotary kiln is communicated with the feed inlet of the wall cooling machine, and the discharge hole of the wall cooling machine is communicated with the feed inlet of the storage bin;
follow on the outer wall of the cold machine of wall the length direction cover of the cold machine of wall is equipped with the kiln cover the air outlet has been seted up to the lateral wall of kiln cover, the air outlet passes through the air intake intercommunication of pipeline and draught fan, the air outlet of draught fan respectively with the pipeline intercommunication is passed through in the import of the primary air of combustor and overgrate air import.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the kiln hood has an arc-shaped structure matching the external shape of the wall cooler, and the opening of the kiln hood is arranged downward.
3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a fire wall; the fire wall is fixedly arranged in the combustion chamber; and a plurality of ventilation openings are formed in the fire blocking wall.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the distance between the fire wall and the kiln head cover of the rotary calcining kiln is 1.5-2m, and the fire wall is formed by stacking refractory bricks.
5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotary kiln comprises a kiln head cover and a kiln body; the kiln head cover is arranged at the head of the kiln body, and a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the kiln head cover; one end of the kiln head cover, which is far away from the kiln body, is fixedly communicated with the combustion chamber, and a manhole is formed in the side wall of the kiln head cover below the combustion chamber; a heat-insulating cover is arranged at one end of the combustion chamber fixedly connected with the kiln head cover; one end of the heat-insulating cover is fixed on the end edge of the combustion chamber, and the other end of the heat-insulating cover penetrates through the kiln head cover and is arranged in the kiln body.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the center of the heat-insulating cover and the center of the combustion chamber are located on the same straight line, the open side of the heat-insulating cover corresponds to the discharge port of the kiln head cover, a C-shaped baffle plate is fixed on the bottom edge of the open side of the heat-insulating cover, the side of the baffle plate is fixed on the inner wall of the kiln head cover, and the heat-insulating cover is made of refractory materials.
7. The system as claimed in claim 5, wherein a plurality of rows of lifters are fixed in the kiln body and arranged along the circumference of the kiln body, each row of lifters is composed of a plurality of L-shaped lifter bricks in parallel; the joint between the long edge section and the short edge section of the material lifting brick is arranged in a fillet manner; one side of the material lifting brick opposite to the round angle is arranged in an inclined plane.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein fixing grooves are correspondingly formed on opposite sides of one end of the long side section, which is away from the short side section, and U-shaped fixing steel bars are clamped in the fixing grooves, and two ends of the fixing steel bars are fixed to the inner wall of the kiln body; the other opposite two sides of the long edge section are correspondingly provided with limiting grooves, the limiting grooves are positioned between the fixing grooves and the short edge section, the inner wall of the kiln body is coated and fixed with a heat insulation layer, and the joint of the heat insulation layer and the long edge section is clamped in the limiting grooves.
9. The system of claim 5, further comprising a plurality of flaps and clasps; one end of the fish scale is fixed on the kiln head cover, the other end of the fish scale is in contact with the outer wall of the kiln body, and the snap ring is sleeved on the periphery of the fish scale.
10. The system for efficient and energy-saving calcination of kaolin according to claim 9, further comprising a cylindrical cooling fan housing; one end of the cold air cover is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the head of the kiln body through an annular fixing plate; a gap is formed between the inner wall of the cooling air cover and the outer wall of the kiln body; the other end of fish scale with the outer wall of cold wind cover contacts the other end of cold wind cover is fixed and is provided with annular baffle, annular baffle is tubaeform, the small-bore end of annular baffle is fixed on the cold wind cover.
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Cited By (1)
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