CN114656386A - A method for extracting lycine red pigment from fructus Lycii - Google Patents
A method for extracting lycine red pigment from fructus Lycii Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for extracting lycine erythrogenin components from barbary wolfberry fruit, which comprises the steps of mixing menthol and n-octanol, heating and stirring to prepare an extraction solvent; wherein the molar ratio of the menthol to the n-octanol is 1: 1-1: 5. The method overcomes the defects of low ignition point, easy volatilization and the like of an organic solvent in the prior method by selecting the extraction solvent, the viscosity of menthol and n-octanol in the used extraction solvent is low, and the extracted product can directly enter a high performance liquid chromatograph for determination and analysis. The extraction process of the method is carried out at room temperature, the problem that the thermosensitive lycine red pigment is decomposed under heat is avoided, and the method provides guarantee for analyzing the real content of the lycine red pigment in the medlar and products thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of compound extraction and separation, and particularly relates to a method for extracting a lycine erythroid component from wolfberry.
Background
Lycium barbarum L belongs to Solanaceae (Solanaceae) Solanum muricatum subfamily (Lycineae), and has 7 varieties and 3 varieties in China.
Mature fructus Lycii contains a large amount of carotenoid substances, and is the basis for fresh and dried fructus Lycii to be orange or orange red in appearance, and is also called as Lycium erythrophyll by Chinese fructus Lycii researchers. The lycium barbarum erythrogenin component mainly comprises 3 major types of carotenoid glycosidation derivatives, free carotenoids and carotenoid esterification derivatives, wherein the zeaxanthin dipalmitate (zeaxanthin dipalmitate) is most abundant and accounts for more than 50% of the lycium barbarum erythrogenin component.
The lycine erythrogenin component is one of substance bases for the pharmacological and physiological activities of the medlar, and the content of the lycine erythrogenin component is a main index for evaluating the high quality and the high price of the medlar. At present, extraction with single or mixed solvents such as petroleum ether, diethyl ether, n-hexane and the like is a main pretreatment method for determining the components of the lycium erythrophyllum, but the existing method has the defects of low burning point of the organic solvent, easy volatilization and the like. Therefore, a rapid, convenient and green method for extracting the lycium erythrophyll ingredients needs to be researched and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for extracting lycine erythrogenin from wolfberry, which can be applied to extraction and purification of the lycine erythrogenin in wolfberry or related products, thereby making up the defects of the prior art.
The method for extracting the lycine erythroid component from the barbary wolfberry fruit comprises the following steps:
1) mixing menthol and n-octanol, heating and stirring to prepare an extraction solvent;
wherein the molar ratio of the menthol to the n-octanol is 1: 1-1: 5;
2) pulverizing fructus Lycii, sieving with 50 mesh sieve to obtain fructus Lycii powder, adding the extraction solvent prepared in step 1), opening at room temperature, high-speed shearing for auxiliary extraction, centrifuging the extractive solution after extraction, and collecting supernatant to obtain extract of lycine erythrogenin.
The lycium erythrophyll component comprises zeaxanthin, zeaxanthin monopalmitate and zeaxanthin dipalmitate;
wherein the material-liquid ratio of the medlar powder to the extraction solvent is 1: 20-1: 25,
the high-speed shearing rotation speed is 10000r/min, and the extraction time is 5 min;
the rotation speed during centrifugation is 6000r/min, and the centrifugation time is 10 min.
The method overcomes the defects of low ignition point, easy volatilization and the like of an organic solvent in the prior method by selecting the extraction solvent, the viscosity of menthol and n-octanol in the used extraction solvent is low, and the extracted product can directly enter a high performance liquid chromatograph for determination and analysis. The extraction process of the method is carried out at room temperature, the problem that the thermosensitive lycine erythrogenin is decomposed under heat can not be generated, and the method provides guarantee for analyzing the real content of the lycine erythrogenin in the medlar and products thereof.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the forms of the 6 hydrophobic DES lycium erythrophyll extract liquids at different temperatures are shown, wherein A is DES at 25 ℃; b is DES at 0 ℃; c is DES extract of 25 deg.C lycium erythrophyll; d is DES extract of lycine erythrophyll at 0 deg.C;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram: influence graphs of different DES on the extraction capacity of the lycine erythroid components;
FIG. 3: the influence graph of the extraction capacity of different feed liquid ratios to the lycine erythroid components is shown;
FIG. 4: influence graphs of different rotating speeds on the extraction capacity of the lycine erythrophylls;
FIG. 5: influence graphs of different extraction methods on the extraction capacity of the lycine erythrogenin components;
FIG. 6: a sample chromatogram of zeaxanthin, zeaxanthin monopalmitate, zeaxanthin dipalmitate and actual fructus Lycii extract;
FIG. 7: chromatograms of lycopene in fructus Lycii samples of different production areas.
Detailed Description
The information on the instruments and reagents used in the present invention is described below: high performance liquid chromatography (Agilent 1260, with DAD detector); electronic analytical balance (BSA224S-CW, Satureri, Germany); high speed shears (T25, IKA, germany); centrifuge (H15650, hunan instrument laboratory instruments development ltd); magnetic stirrer (RCH-1000, Tokyo chemical and physical instruments Co., Ltd., Japan). Menthol (analytical pure, alatin reagent shanghai ltd); octanol, methyl tert-butyl ether (analytical grade, Shanghai Michelin Biochemical technology Ltd.); purified water (Hangzhou child haha group ltd); methanol, n-hexane (chromatographically pure, Mreda Technology inc., usa); zeaxanthin, zeaxanthin monopalmitate and zeaxanthin dipalmitate are all prepared by doctor sclerage, university of Chinese academy of sciences; fructus lycii is presented by Ningxia wolfberry ecological agriculture science and technology Limited, identified as mature fruit of Ningxia wolfberry by mansion researchers at Lanzhou chemical physical research institute of Chinese academy of sciences, and stored in a freezer in northwest characteristic plant resource chemical emphasis laboratory of Chinese academy of sciences at low temperature.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1: screening of the extractant
The freezing point of the solvent is critical to the choice of the operating window for its extraction, and only liquid solvents can be used for extraction. Most of the hydrophobic solvents reported at present have a freezing point close to room temperature, are easy to change from liquid to solid at low temperature, do not utilize the occurrence of extraction behavior, and bring difficulty to further detection. The high-viscosity extraction solvent often has negative influence on the diffusion of target compounds, so that the application of the extraction solvent has certain limitation; therefore, the most effective combination of extractants was screened from different hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrogen bond donor solvents.
Weighing a hydrogen bond acceptor and a hydrogen bond donor according to a certain molar ratio in a table 1, placing the hydrogen bond acceptor and the hydrogen bond donor in a 500mL round-bottom flask, adding magnetons, stirring, reacting in a sand bath at 60-80 ℃ until a uniform transparent liquid is formed, and cooling the liquid to room temperature to obtain an extracting solution to be screened, wherein the extracting solution is named as DES-1-DES-6 respectively.
Table 1: raw materials of 6 kinds of DESs to be synthesized and proportion table thereof
Pulverizing fructus Lycii, sieving with 50 mesh sieve, precisely weighing 2.0g, placing in round bottom flask, adding DES synthesized under 1.2 items, with material-liquid ratio of 1:20, shearing and extracting at room temperature by using high-speed shearing at 10000r/min for 5min, transferring the obtained solution into a 50mL volumetric flask, fixing the volume to a scale by using a corresponding DES, taking out part of the solution, placing the solution into a centrifugal tube, centrifuging at 6000r/min for 10min, filtering the solution through a 0.45-micron organic filter membrane, measuring the content of the lycium erythrophyll components, and calculating the transfer rate.
As shown in figure 1, the 6 kinds of synthesized hydrophobic DESS are all liquids with different viscosities at 25 ℃, but DES-2 and DES-5 are condensed into solid at 0 ℃, although DES-2 is changed into liquid rapidly after being heated, and the capacity of extracting the lycium erythroid ingredient is strong, but the occurrence of extraction behavior is not utilized at low temperature, and the further detection is difficult.
Secondly, DES-1, DES-3 and DES-5 all have higher viscosity, while DES-4 has low melting point and viscosity, and has significantly higher extraction capacity for zeaxanthin, zeaxanthin monopalmitate and zeaxanthin dipalmitate than other DESS, with transfer rates of 95.7%, 97.0% and 94%, respectively, which are the first solvents for extracting the lycine component (FIG. 2).
Precisely weighing 5 moles of menthol and 10 moles of n-octanol, placing the menthol and the n-octanol into a round bottom flask, adding magnetons, stirring, reacting in a sand bath at 80 ℃ until uniform transparent liquid is formed, and cooling the liquid to room temperature to obtain the solvent for extraction.
The extract used in the invention is liquid with good fluidity below 0 ℃, has low melting point and viscosity, has excellent extraction capability on zeaxanthin, zeaxanthin monopalmitate and zeaxanthin dipalmitate, and has transfer rates of 95.7%, 97.0% and 94.0% respectively.
Meanwhile, the invention also considers the extraction effect of the extraction agent on the lycium erythrophyllum component when the molar ratio of the menthol to the n-octanol is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 respectively, and the result shows that the extraction capability of the extraction agent consisting of the menthol and the n-octanol with different molar ratios is almost the same.
Example 2: extraction condition optimization
Crushing the medlar, sieving the crushed medlar by a 50-mesh sieve, precisely weighing 2.0g of the crushed medlar, placing the weighed medlar in a round-bottom flask, taking an extracting agent as an extracting agent, taking the main compounds of medlar red pigment, namely zeaxanthin monopalmitate and zeaxanthin dipalmitate as analytes, and observing the influence of different material-liquid ratios (1:10, 1:15, 1:20, 1:25 and 1:30), extraction times (1 time, 2 times and 3 times) and high-speed shearing rotating speeds (6000, 8000, 10000, 12000 and 14000 r/min) on the extraction efficiency. Transferring the obtained lycium ruthenicum red pigment extract of the extractant to a 50mL volumetric flask, fixing the volume to the scale by using the corresponding extractant, taking out part of the solution, placing the solution in a centrifuge tube, centrifuging at 6000r/min for 10min, filtering through a 0.45-micron organic filter membrane, measuring the content of lycium ruthenicum red pigment components, and calculating the transfer rate.
The feed-to-liquid ratio and the number of extractions affect the main parameters of extraction efficiency. The appropriate feed-liquid ratio and extraction times can ensure that the target analyte is completely extracted from the complex system and good recovery rate is obtained. However, too large a feed-to-liquid ratio and too many times of extraction tend to decrease the extraction efficiency and increase the extraction cost. The invention inspects the influence of different feed-liquid ratios and extraction times on the extraction effect of the zeaxanthin, the zeaxanthin monopalmitate and the zeaxanthin dipalmitate. The results are shown in FIG. 3, where the transfer rates of the 3 analytes increased sharply from 1:10 to 1:20, 94.6%, 92.7%, and 96.8%, respectively. When the ratio of the feed to the liquid is increased from 1:20 to 1:30, the transfer rate of 3 analytes is reduced significantly, and the increase of the ratio of the feed to the liquid causes troubles in the operation of the analysis work, resulting in an increase of errors. Therefore, the extraction ratio of the extracting agent is determined to be 1: 20-25, preferably 1: 20. When the feed-liquid ratio is 1:20, the transfer rate of 3 analytes is more than 94.0 percent, the transfer rate is increased by only 2.5 percent after 2 times of extraction, and the target analytes are hardly extracted in the 3 rd time. Therefore, the number of extractions was determined to be 1.
The proper rotating speed can accelerate the extractant to rapidly pass through cell membranes to be fully contacted with the target analyte, and the excessive rotating speed can cause emulsification phenomenon to bring adverse effect to the extraction process. According to the invention, when the ratio of the feed to the liquid is 1:20, the influence of 6000, 8000, 10000, 12000 and 14000r/min on the extraction capability of the zeaxanthin, the zeaxanthin monopalmitate and the zeaxanthin dipalmitate is examined. As shown in FIG. 4, the transfer rates of 3 analytes extracted from Lycium barbarum by the extractant were only 50.0% when the rotation speed was 6000r/min, and the transfer rates were the highest when the rotation speed was increased to 10000r/min, 94.6%, 89.6% and 92.6%, respectively. Thereafter, the rotation speed was further increased, the extraction amount of 3 analytes became downward, and the extract appeared cloudy, probably because the emulsification phenomenon was generated due to the excessively high rotation speed. Therefore, the HSDE was determined to have a rotational speed of 10000 r/min.
Example 3: the method for extracting the lycium erythrophyll component is compared with other methods
Pulverizing fructus Lycii, sieving with 50 mesh sieve, precisely weighing 2.0g, placing in round bottom flask, extracting according to the conditions shown in Table 2, and measuring content of lycine red pigment to calculate transfer rate.
Table 2: parameter table of extraction method
The invention compares the extraction effects of the hot reflux assisted n-hexane extraction, the ultrasonic assisted extractant extraction, the HSDE assisted n-hexane extraction and the HSDE assisted extractant extraction on zeaxanthin, zeaxanthin monopalmitate and zeaxanthin dipalmitate. The result is shown in fig. 5, the extraction efficiency of 3 analytes is obviously affected by different extracting agents, when n-hexane is used as the extracting agent, the extraction capacity of 3 auxiliary extraction methods on the zeaxanthin is weaker, the extraction capacity of the extracting agent on the zeaxanthin is better, the transfer rate is 82.3% during ultrasonic auxiliary extraction, and the transfer rate is as high as 94.6% in high-speed shearing auxiliary extraction; the capability of extracting 3 analytes by using an ultrasonic-assisted extraction agent is higher than that of using an ultrasonic-assisted n-hexane extraction method, so that the hydrophobic extraction performance of the extraction agent is superior to that of the conventional solvent n-hexane, and the extraction agent is an extraction agent for extracting the lycine red elements better; the extraction capacity of the HSDE auxiliary extraction technology is far higher than that of ultrasonic auxiliary extraction for 60min in the 5min extraction capacity, probably because the HSDE technology can rapidly break plant cell walls through the combined effect of triple acting forces of cavitation, mechanical force and fluid force, so that target components are rapidly dissolved out and dispersed into an extracting agent, and meanwhile, the extracting agent has certain viscosity and is not easy to penetrate cell membranes, and can rapidly penetrate the cell membranes to be contacted with target analytes by virtue of the HEDS technology.
Therefore, the method for extracting the lycine erythroid component by the HSDE auxiliary hydrophobic extractant constructed by the invention is superior to other 4 methods, and has the characteristics of high extraction efficiency, rapidness and environmental friendliness.
Example 4: construction method for determining lycium erythrophyll components by high performance liquid chromatography
3.1 preparation of control solutions
Precisely weighing the representative compounds of the lycium erythrophyllum component, namely zeaxanthin, zeaxanthin monopalmitate and zeaxanthin dipalmitate respectively, placing the compounds into a 10mL brown measuring flask, adding an extracting agent, ultrasonically dissolving, diluting to a scale, and shaking up to obtain the reference substance stock solutions of zeaxanthin, zeaxanthin monopalmitate and zeaxanthin dipalmitate.
3.2 chromatographic conditions
A chromatographic column: YMC 30 column (150X 4.6mm, 5 μm); flow rate of mobile phase: 0.5 mL/min; a detector: a DAD detector; sample introduction amount: 20 uL; column temperature: 25 ℃; and (3) checking wavelength: 450 nm; mobile phase A: methanol methyl tert-butyl ether water (92:4:4, v/v); mobile phase B: methyl tert-butyl-ether, methanol, water (90:6:4, v/v); gradient elution conditions: 0-10 min, 90-25% of A, 10-30 min and 25% of A.
3.3 drawing of Standard Curve
Precisely absorbing the zeaxanthin stock solutions with different volumes to prepare a series of zeaxanthin reference substance solutions with concentration, and injecting the zeaxanthin reference substance solutions into a high performance liquid chromatograph for analysis. The peak area was determined according to the chromatographic conditions under "3.2". And drawing a standard curve by taking the sample injection amount X (mug) of the zeaxanthin reference substance as a horizontal coordinate and the peak area integral value Y of the zeaxanthin chromatographic peak as a vertical coordinate. According to the same method, a standard curve of zeaxanthin monopalmitate and zeaxanthin dipalmitate was plotted. From the labeled curves, zeaxanthin monopalmitate andthe zeaxanthin dipalmitate has good linear relation in the good linear relation range of 0.04-2.08, 2.16-10.80 and 2.06-20.60 mug respectively, and the correlation coefficient R2Are all greater than 0.995.
3.4 precision and repeatability examinations
Continuously injecting the stock solutions of zeaxanthin, zeaxanthin monopalmitate and zeaxanthin dipalmitate for 6 times or 6 days according to the chromatographic condition of 3.2, and inspecting the precision of the method within and between days;
respectively and precisely weighing zeaxanthin, zeaxanthin monopalmitate and zeaxanthin dipalmitate, weighing 6 parts of each reference substance in parallel, dissolving with an extracting agent, metering to a 10mL volumetric flask, continuously injecting samples for 6 times according to the chromatographic condition under the item of 3.2, and inspecting the repeatability of the method.
As shown in Table 3, the constructed methods for measuring the content of zeaxanthin, zeaxanthin monopalmitate and zeaxanthin dipalmitate have good precision in the daytime, precision in the daytime and repeatability.
According to the method for determining the lycine erythroid components by using the high performance liquid phase, the chromatograms of the zeaxanthin, zeaxanthin monopalmitate, zeaxanthin dipalmitate and actual medlar extract samples are shown in fig. 6.
Table 3: parameter table for methodology verification of determining lycium erythrophyll components by high performance liquid chromatography
Example 5: determination of content of lycine red pigment in lycium barbarum seed samples in different production areas
Crushing medlar from different production areas, sieving the crushed medlar with a 50-mesh sieve, precisely weighing 2.0g of medlar coarse powder, placing the medlar coarse powder in a beaker, adding a hydrophobic extraction agent, wherein the material-liquid ratio is 1:20, shearing and extracting at room temperature by using high-speed shearing at 10000r/min for 5min, transferring the obtained solution into a 50mL volumetric flask, fixing the volume to a scale by using the extracting agent (the molar ratio of the menthol to the n-octanol is 1:2), taking out part of the solution, placing the solution into a centrifugal tube, centrifuging at 6000r/min for 10min, and filtering through a 0.45-micron organic filter membrane to obtain the solution to be detected. Quantitative determination of the content of lycine erythroid in samples of lycium barbarum from different production areas was performed using the detection method established herein, and the results are shown in table 4 and fig. 7.
Table 4: content of erythrogenin in fructus Lycii in different production areas
The results show that the contents of the zeaxanthin monopalmitate and dipalmitate in samples derived from Qinghai gelmu and Dulan are obviously higher than those in other production areas, the content of the zeaxanthin in samples of Xinjiang Jinghe is obviously higher than those in other production areas, and the contents of the lycine erythroid in samples of Gansu Yumen are generally lower. The results are probably related to ecological factors of medlar planting in different producing areas.
Claims (8)
1. A method for extracting lycine red pigment components from barbary wolfberry fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) mixing menthol and n-octanol, heating and stirring to prepare an extraction solvent;
2) pulverizing fructus Lycii, sieving with 50 mesh sieve to obtain fructus Lycii powder, adding the extraction solvent prepared in step 1), opening at room temperature, high-speed shearing for auxiliary extraction, centrifuging the extractive solution after extraction, and collecting supernatant to obtain extract of lycine erythrogenin.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the lycine erythrogenin composition comprises zeaxanthin, zeaxanthin monopalmitate, and zeaxanthin dipalmitate.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of menthol to n-octanol in 1) is 1:1 to 1: 5.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of menthol to n-octanol in 1) is 1: 2.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the wolfberry powder to the extraction solvent in 2) is 1:20 to 1: 25.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the powder of lycium barbarum and the extraction solvent in 2) is 1: 20.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high speed shearing in 2) is performed at a rotation speed of 10000r/min and the extraction time is 5 min.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the centrifugation in 2) is performed at 6000r/min for 10 min.
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Citations (4)
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| CN107789376A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-13 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of two-phase depth congruent melting solvent for extracting Active Components of Ginkgo Leaves and preparation method thereof and extracting method |
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| CN111153843A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-15 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Method for separating lycium barbarum pigment monomers |
| CN111675640A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-09-18 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Method for separating and preparing high-purity zeaxanthin |
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| CN107789376A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-13 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of two-phase depth congruent melting solvent for extracting Active Components of Ginkgo Leaves and preparation method thereof and extracting method |
| CN111153843A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-15 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Method for separating lycium barbarum pigment monomers |
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| CN111675640A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-09-18 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Method for separating and preparing high-purity zeaxanthin |
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| 魏晗婷，等: "高速剪切辅助疏水低共熔溶剂萃取技术在HPLC检测枸杞红素类成分的应用研究", 《食品科技》 * |
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