CN114653953A - 一种高强破碎锤钎杆的制造方法 - Google Patents

一种高强破碎锤钎杆的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN114653953A
CN114653953A CN202210348541.8A CN202210348541A CN114653953A CN 114653953 A CN114653953 A CN 114653953A CN 202210348541 A CN202210348541 A CN 202210348541A CN 114653953 A CN114653953 A CN 114653953A
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breaking hammer
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宋庆雷
刘友军
崔方玲
李娟�
李向南
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Xuzhou But Construction Machinery Manufacturing Joint Stock Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高强破碎锤钎杆的制造方法，包括以下步骤：步骤一，机械加工破碎锤钎杆杆体和钎头壳体；步骤二，将钎头壳体焊接在破碎锤钎杆杆体头端，钎头壳体与破碎锤钎杆杆体头端之间有空隙，在空隙内填满铁基碳化钨合金粉末；步骤三，将步骤二得到的组件经抽真空和密封、烧结，得到破碎锤钎杆杆体、钎头壳体和铁基碳化钨合金硬质体三者一体的组合体；步骤四，经机加工去除钎头壳体，形成由破碎锤钎杆杆体和铁基碳化钨合金硬质体组成一体的破碎锤钎杆。本发明将中碳低合金钢与铁基碳化钨合金冶金结合形成一个整体破碎锤钎杆零件，钎杆获得致密化组织和性能、钎头获得高硬度和耐磨性能、钎杆颈部获得高硬度，破碎效率高，使用寿命长。

Description

一种高强破碎锤钎杆的制造方法
技术领域
本发明属于工程机械破碎锤领域，特别涉及一种高强破碎锤钎杆的制造方法。
背景技术
破碎锤是安装在挖掘机、装载机等末端的工作机具，实现对矿山、建筑物、道路设施破碎、拆除等关键工作。无论破碎锤采用什么运动方式，所开展破碎、拆除的工具均是破碎锤钎杆，钎杆性能优劣，直接决定破碎、拆除工作的成败。
发明专利CN202509544U《破碎锤钎杆》在钎杆的中部增设有套装连接的弹簧和螺纹连接的螺母，通过弹簧的弹性作用达到钎杆头相对被破碎物体形成一次敲击二次破碎的作用，CN212493081U《一种复合结构的钎杆》在钎杆头部设有钎槽，CN111425141A《一种液压破碎锤的钎杆》设计主钎杆和中部钎杆，液压作用使主钎杆冲击和中部钎杆二次连续打击，CN210829249U《一种分体式液压破碎锤钎杆》将破碎锤的钎杆设计成杆体和钎头，方便钎头的更换。
在破碎锤钎杆材料方面，我国20世纪70年代多用35SiSiMnMoV钢，20世纪90年代用18CrNi3MoV钢、55SiMnMo钢、现在大多采用42CrMo锻钢，发明专利CN108517915A《一种液压破碎锤的钎杆》采用不同材料分别制成钎杆主体和杆芯，并通过螺纹或摩擦焊接方式连接。
对既有破碎锤钎杆发明创造是科研人员追求目标，本发明破碎锤钎杆根据钎杆在破碎、拆除过程中运动规律，设计两种材料制造一个零件思想，利用多种工艺的组合，制造一个整体材料的零件，多工作面性能各异的高性能钎杆。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高强破碎锤钎杆的制造方法，以解决现有技术中存在的各类破碎锤钎杆使用寿命短，破碎效率不高，破碎工作过程中磨损、断裂等问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种高强破碎锤钎杆的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，机械加工破碎锤钎杆杆体和钎头壳体；
步骤二，将钎头壳体焊接在破碎锤钎杆杆体头端，钎头壳体与破碎锤钎杆杆体头端之间有空隙，在空隙内填满铁基碳化钨合金粉末；
步骤三，将步骤二得到的组件经抽真空和密封、烧结，得到破碎锤钎杆杆体、钎头壳体和铁基碳化钨合金硬质体三者一体的组合体；
步骤四，经机加工去除钎头壳体，形成由破碎锤钎杆杆体和铁基碳化钨合金硬质体组成一体的破碎锤钎杆。
进一步的，所述破碎锤钎杆杆体的材质为中碳微合金钢，如F45V、F35MnVN、F40MnV等热锻非调质钢。
进一步的，所述铁基碳化钨合金粉末的由以下百分比含量的组分组成：36.0-65.5％WC、28.4-53.8％Fe、0.03-0.08％C、4.4-10.6％Cr、0.2-0.5％Si、0.3-0.6％B、0.07-0.6％Mn、0.1-0.6％Mo。
进一步的，所述步骤二中，铁基碳化钨合金粉末通过设置在钎头壳体端部的进料口填充于破碎锤钎杆杆体和钎头壳体之间的空隙内。
进一步的，所述步骤二中，填铁基碳化钨合金粉末时，将焊接后的破碎锤钎杆杆体和钎头壳体倒置固定在振动台上，采取边振动边填粉，直到填满为止，然后密封进料口。
进一步的，所述步骤三中，钎头壳体的端部设置有排气管，排气管内设置过滤网，将排气管连接真空泵抽真空至0.1Pa后密封排气管，抽真空过程在500-650℃箱式电阻炉内进行，实行边加热边抽真空。
进一步的，所述步骤三中，烧结的步骤为：按照8-12℃/min速度升温、1-2Mpa/min速度升压，分别在600℃、900℃保温30min，烧结温度980-1180℃保温10-60min，烧结期间至冷却到600℃过程均保持炉内氩气气体处于220-260Mpa正压力，随后降温、降压，最终冷却至室温。
进一步的，所述步骤四中，将得到的破碎锤钎杆在860-1100℃加热淬火，530-580℃加热回火2-3次，之后对破碎锤钎杆的颈部进行860-1100℃感应淬火。
进一步的，所述高强破碎锤钎杆的钎头截面为二字口、三字口或十字口。
有益效果：本发明利用两种材料制造一个零件思想，制造得到的高强破碎锤钎杆的钎杆部分具有高强度和综合力学性能，钎头部分具有高硬度、高耐磨损性能。本发明的一种高强破碎锤钎杆的制造方法，通过设计制造一个完整破碎锤钎杆的杆体部分、钎杆钎头部分、钎杆颈部部分不同的制造方法，获得钎杆三个不同部位特有性能，满足复杂工况对钎杆的定制要求。破碎锤钎杆的杆体部分强化原理为等静压致密化、淬火+多次高温回火强化；破碎锤钎杆钎头部分强化为原理WC合金硬质体强化；破碎锤钎杆颈部部分强化原理为等静压致密化、淬火+多次高温回火、感应淬火强化。本发明破碎锤钎杆杆体具有综合的力学性能，满足频繁冲击作业，钎杆颈部高硬度和耐磨性满足钎杆支撑和旋转磨损要求，钎杆钎头高硬度和抗弯强度满足破岩要求，本发明钎杆具有使用寿命长，破碎效果好。中碳微合金钢材质的破碎锤钎杆杆体与铁基碳化钨硬质合金体复合呈冶金结合整体，破碎锤钎杆杆体颈部感应淬火，获得钎杆颈部高耐磨损、杆体高强度和高韧性、钎头超高硬度和耐磨性于一体的高强度破碎锤钎杆。本发明制造的高强破碎锤钎杆杆体强度1280-1600Mpa、硬度HRC46-52。高强破碎锤钎杆钎头显微硬度HV900-1000、抗弯强度1800-2500Mpa。高强破碎锤钎杆颈部表面硬度HRC59-66。
附图说明
图1为破碎锤钎杆杆体和钎杆钎头壳体的结构示意图；
图2为填满铁基碳化钨合金粉末后破碎锤钎杆杆体和钎杆钎头壳体的结构示意图；
图3为本发明制造得到的破碎锤钎杆的结构示意图；
图4a至4c为本发明制造得到的破碎锤钎杆的钎头结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做更进一步的解释。
本发明的一种高强破碎锤钎杆的制造方法，其包括以下步骤：
步骤一，机械加工破碎锤钎杆杆体1和钎头壳体2，如图1所示。
步骤二，将钎头壳体2焊接在破碎锤钎杆杆体1头端，两者接触处为焊缝4，钎头壳体2与破碎锤钎杆杆体1头端之间有空隙；通过设置在钎头壳体2端部的进料口211将满铁基碳化钨合金粉末3填充于破碎锤钎杆杆体1和钎头壳体2之间的空隙内，如图2所示；填粉时，将焊接后的破碎锤钎杆杆体1和钎头壳体2倒置固定在振动台上，采取边振动边填粉，直到填满为止，然后密封进料口211。
步骤三，将步骤二得到的组件经抽真空和密封、烧结，得到破碎锤钎杆杆体1、钎头壳体2和铁基碳化钨合金硬质体5三者一体的组合体。
其中，抽真空和密封的步骤为：钎头壳体2的端部设置有排气管212，排气管212内设置过滤网213，将排气管212连接真空泵抽真空至0.1Pa后密封排气管212，抽真空过程在500-650℃箱式电阻炉内进行，实行边加热边抽真空。
烧结的步骤为：按照8-12℃/min速度升温、1-2Mpa/min速度升压，分别在600℃、900℃保温30min，烧结温度980-1180℃保温10-60min，烧结期间至冷却到600℃过程均保持炉内氩气气体处于220-260Mpa正压力，随后降温、降压，最终冷却至室温。
步骤四，经机加工去除钎头壳体2，形成由破碎锤钎杆杆体1和铁基碳化钨合金硬质体5组成一体的破碎锤钎杆，如图3所示。
将得到的破碎锤钎杆在860-1100℃加热淬火，530-580℃加热回火2-3次，之后对破碎锤钎杆的颈部进行860-1100℃感应淬火。
如图4a至4c所示，高强破碎锤钎杆的钎头截面为二字口、三字口或十字口。
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例
将破碎锤钎杆杆体1和钎头壳体2按图1所示对应位置对接和焊接，将钎头位置朝上，铁基碳化钨合金粉末3通过进料口211填满于破碎锤钎杆杆体1和钎杆钎头壳体2围成的空隙内。填粉时，将钎杆倒置固定在振动台上，采取边振动边填粉，直到填满为止，密封进料口211。在钎头壳体2的端部排气管212内设置过滤网213，并连接真空泵抽真空至0.1Pa后密封排气管，抽真空过程在500-650℃箱式电阻炉内进行，实行边加热边抽真空，制成如图2破碎锤钎杆制件。
将破碎锤钎杆制件放入高温高压烧结炉，按照10℃/min速度升温、2Mpa/min速度升压，分别在600℃、900℃保温0.5h，高温烧结温度1050℃保温1h；加热到600℃时保持炉内压力0.1Pa，加热到900℃时保持炉内压力60Mpa，900℃至烧结温度期间升温同时炉内压力也从60Mpa升到230Mpa，烧结期间至冷却到600℃过程均保持炉内氩气气体处于230Mpa正压力，随后降温、降压，最终冷却至室温，形成高强破碎锤钎杆整体。
机械加工去除钎头壳体2，形成钎杆杆体1和钎头硬质钎头如图3破碎锤钎杆。
将破碎锤钎杆整体在860℃加热淬火，530-580℃加热回火3次，之后对高强破碎锤钎杆整体的颈部进行860℃感应水冷却淬火。
破碎锤钎杆杆体1材质为F35MnVN中碳微合金钢。铁基碳化钨合金粉末3由以下资料百分比的成分组成55.5％WC、32.2％Fe、0.04％C、10.6％Cr、0.50％Si、0.32％B、0.3％Mn、0.54％Mo。复合WC合金粉末采用铸造破碎法制备。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种高强破碎锤钎杆的制造方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
步骤一，机械加工破碎锤钎杆杆体(1)和钎头壳体(2)；
步骤二，将钎头壳体(2)焊接在破碎锤钎杆杆体(1)头端，钎头壳体(2)与破碎锤钎杆杆体(1)头端之间有空隙，在空隙内填满铁基碳化钨合金粉末(3)；
步骤三，将步骤二得到的组件经抽真空和密封、烧结，得到破碎锤钎杆杆体(1)、钎头壳体(2)和铁基碳化钨合金硬质体(5)三者一体的组合体；
步骤四，经机加工去除钎头壳体(2)，形成由破碎锤钎杆杆体(1)和铁基碳化钨合金硬质体(5)组成一体的破碎锤钎杆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强破碎锤钎杆的制造方法，其特征在于：所述破碎锤钎杆杆体(1)的材质为中碳微合金钢。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高强破碎锤钎杆的制造方法，其特征在于：所述铁基碳化钨合金粉末(3)的由以下百分比含量的组分组成：36.0-65.5％WC、28.4-53.8％Fe、0.03-0.08％C、4.4-10.6％Cr、0.2-0.5％Si、0.3-0.6％B、0.07-0.6％Mn、0.1-0.6％Mo。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高强破碎锤钎杆的制造方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二中，铁基碳化钨合金粉末(3)通过设置在钎头壳体(2)端部的进料口(211)填充于破碎锤钎杆杆体(1)和钎头壳体(2)之间的空隙内。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高强破碎锤钎杆的制造方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二中，填铁基碳化钨合金粉末(3)时，将焊接后的破碎锤钎杆杆体(1)和钎头壳体(2)倒置固定在振动台上，采取边振动边填粉，直到填满为止，然后密封进料口(211)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高强破碎锤钎杆的制造方法，其特征在于：所述步骤三中，钎头壳体(2)的端部设置有排气管(212)，排气管(212)内设置过滤网(213)，将排气管(212)连接真空泵抽真空至0.1Pa后密封排气管(212)，抽真空过程在500-650℃箱式电阻炉内进行，实行边加热边抽真空。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高强破碎锤钎杆的制造方法，其特征在于：所述步骤三中，烧结的步骤为：按照8-12℃/min速度升温、1-2Mpa/min速度升压，分别在600℃、900℃保温30min，烧结温度980-1180℃保温10-60min，烧结期间至冷却到600℃过程均保持炉内氩气气体处于220-260Mpa正压力，随后降温、降压，最终冷却至室温。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高强破碎锤钎杆的制造方法，其特征在于：所述步骤四中，将得到的破碎锤钎杆在860-1100℃加热淬火，530-580℃加热回火2-3次，之后对破碎锤钎杆的颈部进行860-1100℃感应淬火。
9.根据权利要求1所述的高强破碎锤钎杆的制造方法，其特征在于：所述高强破碎锤钎杆的钎头截面为二字口、三字口或十字口。
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