CN114650989B - 多激酶降解剂 - Google Patents

多激酶降解剂 Download PDF

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CN114650989B
CN114650989B CN202080068834.XA CN202080068834A CN114650989B CN 114650989 B CN114650989 B CN 114650989B CN 202080068834 A CN202080068834 A CN 202080068834A CN 114650989 B CN114650989 B CN 114650989B
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A·斯德茨雅克
S·R·乔杜里
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Abstract

本文所述的多激酶降解剂在一端含有分别与希佩尔‑林道(VHL)或小脑蛋白(cereblon)E3泛素连接酶结合的VHL E3连接酶配体或小脑蛋白E3连接酶募集部分(定义为泛素配体结合部分或ULM基团),而在另一端含有结合靶蛋白激酶的混杂激酶配体(定义为蛋白质/多肽靶向部分或PTM基团),使得靶蛋白与泛素连接酶非常接近。这导致靶蛋白的泛素化和随后的降解(和抑制)。所示的特异性多激酶降解剂结合400种测试激酶中的约360种,表明它们是比以前报道的任何一种更通用的激酶结合剂和降解剂。
Figure DDA0003641750220000011

Description

多激酶降解剂
背景技术
本申请要求2019年7月31日提交的名称为“多激酶降解剂(MultikinaseDegraders)”的美国临时专利申请系列号62/880,700的优先权,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
本发明是在美国国立卫生研究院授予的资助号NIH RO1 GM115632的政府支持下完成的。政府对本发明享有特定权利。
本公开涉及可以降解多种激酶的化合物。激酶是磷酸化和调节蛋白质,从而产生多种生物效应的酶。激酶是经过验证的药物靶标,其降解可用于治疗与激酶活性失调相关的疾病,包括但不限于癌症、自身炎症性病症和神经退行性病症。可以在细胞试验中测试降解多种激酶的化合物,如果对试验有影响,则可以鉴定哪种激酶的降解导致观察到的效果。例如,这些化合物可以在来自癌症患者的耐药细胞中进行测试,如果任何化合物是有毒的,那么观察到的毒性很可能是由于蛋白激酶的降解。然后可以使用定量质谱分析来确定哪种激酶的降解对耐药细胞有毒。随后,可以设计该激酶的选择性降解剂用于药物发现目的。如果多种激酶的降解可用于实现药理作用,则多激酶降解剂也可用作药物。例如,同时抑制酪氨酸激酶和脂质激酶被证明对癌症治疗有益(Nat Chem Biol.2008年11月;4(11):691-9)。
发明内容
本公开总体涉及多激酶降解剂,特别是结合和降解激酶的能力通用的多激酶降解剂。
本文所述的多激酶降解剂可用作研究工具,以在任何基于细胞的试验中鉴定激酶药物靶标。如果对基于细胞的试验有影响,那是由于激酶的降解。随后,可以确定哪种激酶的降解会对基于细胞的试验产生影响。其次,若特定连接酶如E3可以降解特定激酶,则化合物可用于快速测试。有500种激酶和约600种E3连接酶,匹配功能对是一个挑战。如果治疗效果需要多激酶降解,则化合物本身可用作治疗癌症的药物和用于免疫肿瘤学应用。例如,这可能包括CHK1、CHK2激酶的降解剂。
混杂激酶结合剂弹头(warhead)先前已被公开。然而,这些弹头不如本文所述的多激酶结合剂弹头通用。本文所述的多激酶结合剂弹头是基于合理设计的化合物,该化合物具有常见激酶击打剂(hitter)的药效基团。本文公开的多激酶降解剂的弹头结合了400种测试激酶中的约360种,表明它们是比以前报道的任何一种更通用的激酶结合剂和降解剂(J.Am Chem Soc.2008年12月24日;130(51):17568-74)。
附图说明
图1显示了用于制备在合成本文所述的多激酶降解剂的优选实施方案所用的化合物的合成方案。
图2显示了用于制备在合成本文所述的多激酶降解剂的优选实施方案所用的化合物的合成方案。
图3显示了用于制备在合成本文所述的多激酶降解剂的优选实施方案所用的化合物的合成方案。
图4显示了用于制备本文所述的多激酶降解剂的优选实施方案的合成方案。
图5显示了用于制备本文所述的多激酶降解剂的优选实施方案的合成方案。
图6显示了多激酶降解剂(PEG1-4沙利度胺)对A375黑色素瘤细胞系中CHK1激酶的影响。
图7显示了(A)示例性降解剂(PEG2-沙利度胺)对A375黑色素瘤细胞系中CHK1降解的剂量反应,(B)代表(A)中CHK1降解量化的条形图,(C)(A)中的示例性降解剂PEG2-沙利度胺引起的CHK1降解的剂量反应曲线,显示DC50值。
图8显示了(A)示例性降解剂PEG2-沙利度胺对激酶MEK和ERK的影响,(B)代表示例性降解剂PEG2-沙利度胺对MEK激酶的影响量化的条形图,(C)代表示例性降解剂PEG2-沙利度胺对ERK激酶的影响量化的条形图。
图9显示了激酶CHK1、MEK和ERK被示例性降解剂PEG2-沙利度胺降解的组合数据。
图10显示了示例性降解剂PEG2-沙利度胺在处理48小时后对A375黑色素瘤细胞系的活力的影响。
具体实施方式
本公开涉及多激酶降解剂。
本文所述的优选实施方案涉及可用于调节靶向泛素化的异双功能化合物(PROTAC)。本文还描述了化合物的合成,所述化合物一端含有泛素E3连接酶配体结合部分(ULM),另一端含有与靶蛋白激酶结合的混杂激酶配体(定义为蛋白质/多肽靶向部分或PTM基团),使得靶蛋白与泛素连接酶非常接近。这导致靶蛋白的泛素化和随后的降解(和抑制)。ULM可以是希佩尔-林道(Von Hippel-Lindau)(VHL)E3连接酶配体或小脑蛋白(cereblon)E3连接酶募集部分,例如沙利度胺,它们分别与VHL或小脑蛋白E3泛素连接酶结合。
如本文所示的PTM和ULM部分的各自位置以及它们的数量仅作为示例提供,并不旨在以任何方式限制化合物。如本领域技术人员将理解的,可以合成如本文所述的双官能化合物,使得各个官能部分的数量和位置可以根据需要改变。
在优选的实施方案中,本公开进一步提供了使用双官能化合物的方法。PROTAC可用作工具化合物,以确定哪些激酶会被特定的E3连接酶降解。据报道,所有靶蛋白都不能被特定的E3连接酶降解(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2016,55,807-810)。这些化合物中使用的PTM与约360种激酶结合(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2008,130,51,17568-17574)。因此,它们可用于确定特定靶激酶(约500种已知)是否可以被特定的E3连接酶降解,然后再为该特定靶蛋白开发更具选择性的降解剂。这些化合物还可用于在任何基于功能性细胞的试验中鉴定新的激酶药物靶标。例如,可以测试所公开的化合物在耐药癌细胞中的细胞毒性。如果观察到细胞毒性,那将是由于蛋白激酶的降解。随后在耐药细胞中被PROTAC降解的激酶的鉴定将确定随后可以为其设计选择性降解剂的候选激酶。
因此,本文所述的优选实施方案包括由泛素配体结合部分(ULM)和蛋白质或多肽靶向部分(PTM)组成的多激酶降解剂。在另外的优选实施方案中,ULM包含VHL配体或沙利度胺部分。在另外的优选实施方案中,PTM包含具有以下结构的化合物:
Figure BDA0003572333600000041
在另外的优选实施方案中,多激酶降解剂还包含聚乙二醇(PEG),其可以具有不同的长度并且可以优选地作为1-4个重复单元被包括在内。
在另外的优选实施方案中,多激酶降解剂具有以下结构:
Figure BDA0003572333600000042
其中n为1至4。
在另外的优选实施方案中,多激酶降解剂具有以下结构:
Figure BDA0003572333600000043
其中n为1至4。
本文所述的示例性多激酶降解剂可以以不同的几何和对映体形式存在,并且这些单独的异构体的纯净物形式和混合物以及它们的任何生理功能或药理学可接受的盐衍生物或前药都包括在本发明的范围内。这些替代形式的生产将在本领域技术人员的能力范围内。
本发明还涉及确定或鉴定用于治疗应用的靶激酶的方法。在优选的实施方案中,用本文优选实施方案中鉴定的示例性多激酶降解剂处理基于细胞的试验中的细胞以产生处理过的细胞,然后监测处理过的细胞中激酶的降解。在处理过的细胞中鉴定受影响的细胞,其中受影响的细胞具有至少一种降解的激酶。然后鉴定受影响的细胞中的一种或多种降解的激酶。降解的激酶被确定为用于治疗应用的靶激酶。在优选的实施方案中,治疗应用包括治疗或预防癌症、自身炎症性病症或神经退行性病症。
根据仅作为示例给出的以下描述,本发明的其他方面将变得显而易见。
实施例1
一般实验方法。所有需要无水条件的实验均在干燥氮气正压下在装配有橡胶隔片的火焰干燥玻璃器皿中进行。使用来自Silicycle的预装硅胶柱在Combiflash Rf+系统上进行柱层析。通过添加小部分干冰将丙酮冷却浴调节到合适的温度。
仪器。MALDI是在休斯敦大学(U of H)来自应用生物系统公司(AppliedBiosystems)的Voyager DE Pro系统中获得的。HPLC纯化是在采用Agilent 218注射泵联合Varian-ProStar 325检测器和Restek Pinnacle DB C18色谱柱(250×21.2mm,5μm)下进行的。
材料。试剂购自奥德里齐化学试剂公司(Aldrich Chemical Co.)、西格玛化学试剂公司(Sigma Chemical Co.)或Combi Blocks,并在不进一步纯化的情况下使用。1作为HCl盐从捷化医药(Chemshuttle)购买(目录号133776)。叠氮基-PEG-N-羟基丁二酰亚胺(NHS)酯和叠氮基-PEG-胺购自BroadPharm。6是按照以前的文献程序制备的(Remillard,D.;Bradner,J.Angew Chem.Intl Ed.,2017,56,5738-5743)。
图1显示了用于制备在合成本文所述的多激酶降解剂的优选实施方案所用的化合物的合成方案。向含有1在DMF中的搅拌溶液中分别添加DIPEA(1.5当量)和叠氮基-PEG(1-4)-NHS酯(1.5当量)。将反应混合物在室温于氮气氛下搅拌过夜并用10mL冰冷的水稀释。用两份10-mL乙酸乙酯萃取水层。合并的有机层用无水MgSO4干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。将残余物溶解在1:1的水-乙腈中,并通过C18反相HPLC使用0%至100%的含有0.1%TFA的乙腈在含有0.1%TFA的水中的梯度在20分钟内进行纯化。收集在16.5和17分钟之间洗脱的级分并冻干以提供白色固体状的2-5。
叠氮基-PEG1-VHL(2):产量48mg(70%):
Figure BDA0003572333600000061
叠氮基-PEG2-VHL(3):产量20mg(60%):
Figure BDA0003572333600000062
叠氮基-PEG3-VHL(4):产量105mg(67%):
Figure BDA0003572333600000063
叠氮基-PEG4-VHL(5):产量102mg(65%):
Figure BDA0003572333600000064
图2显示了用于制备在合成本文所述的多激酶降解剂的优选实施方案所用的化合物的合成方案。向含有6于无水CH2Cl2中的搅拌悬浮液中分别添加DIPEA(3当量)和HATU(1.1当量)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌15分钟并滴加叠氮基-PEG(1-4)-胺(1.1当量)。将黄色反应混合物在室温于氮气氛下搅拌过夜。将反应混合物用10mL冰冷的水稀释。用三份10-mL乙酸乙酯萃取水层。合并的有机层用无水MgSO4干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。残余物首先在硅胶柱上使用二氯甲烷-甲醇纯化,然后在C18反相HPLC上使用0%至100%乙腈在水中的梯度在20分钟内纯化。
叠氮基-PEG1-沙利度胺(7):产量30mg(50%):
Figure BDA0003572333600000071
叠氮基-PEG2-沙利度胺(8):产量20mg(46%):
Figure BDA0003572333600000072
叠氮基-PEG3-沙利度胺(9):产量27mg(60%):
Figure BDA0003572333600000073
叠氮基-PEG4-沙利度胺(10):产量26mg(67%):
Figure BDA0003572333600000074
图3显示了用于制备在合成本文所述的多激酶降解剂的优选实施方案所用的化合物的合成方案。对于化合物21,在0℃下,向2,4-二氯嘧啶的甲酯(12.1mmol)于15mL无水THF中的溶液中添加于15mL无水THF中的3-氨基-5-环丙基-1H-吡唑(12.2mmol)和DIPEA(3.74mmol),并将反应混合物在室温搅拌2小时。真空蒸发溶剂,并将残余物在甲醇(15mL)中在80℃下加热1小时。将混合物冷却至室温并过滤。将沉淀物干燥过夜,得到黄色粉末21:产量2.53g(71%)。
化合物22:
Figure BDA0003572333600000081
向21(0.5g,1.7mmol)和2-(4-氨基苯基)乙腈(0.22g,1.7mmol)于6mL MeOH中的悬浮液中添加0.3mL浓盐酸。将反应混合物在93℃加热过夜。将反应混合物冷却至室温并过滤。将黄色沉淀物干燥以获得呈黄色固体的22:产量0.34g(51%)。
化合物23:
Figure BDA0003572333600000082
在77℃下,向含有50mg 22于5mL 2:1:2的MeOH、1,4-二恶烷和水中的搅拌溶液中滴加1M NaOH,直到TLC表明起始材料完全消耗。将浓黄色混合物冷却至室温并用2M HCl酸化直至pH~2,出现白色沉淀。浓缩混合物。将粗品再次悬浮在1:1的水-乙腈中并冻干以获得黄白色粉末。粗品不经进一步纯化即用于下一步。在室温下向粗品中添加2mL无水DMF,然后添加DIPEA(80μl)和HATU(64mg)。将悬浮液在室温搅拌15分钟并滴加炔丙基胺(10mg)。将混合物在室温搅拌过夜。将反应混合物用50mL冰冷的水稀释。用两份25-mL乙酸乙酯萃取水层。合并的有机层用无水MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。将粗品悬浮在10mL乙酸乙酯中并过滤,以得到黄白色固体状的23:产量28mg(52%)。
图4显示了用于制备本文所述的多激酶降解剂的优选实施方案的合成方案。将23和2-5溶解在0.5mL THF中。向该溶液中添加15μL的1M CuSO4,然后添加15μL的1M抗坏血酸钠。将反应混合物在室温搅拌1小时。将另外的15μL CuSO4和抗坏血酸钠添加到反应混合物中并搅拌1小时。通过使用1:1水-乙腈作为流动相的C18 TLC监测反应的完成。减压浓缩反应混合物。将粗品重新溶解在1:1水-乙腈中,并在C18-反相HPLC(250x 21.2mm)上使用0至100%的含0.1%TFA的乙腈在含0.1%TFA的水中的梯度在20分钟内进行纯化。收集从16.5到17.5分钟的期望级分并冻干以获得白色固体。
23-PEG1-VHL(24):产量-11mg(50%);质谱(MALDI)m/z 984.74(M+H)+
Figure BDA0003572333600000091
23-PEG2-VHL(25):产量-13.5mg(45%);质谱(MALDI)m/z 1029.21(M+H)+
Figure BDA0003572333600000092
23-PEG3-VHL(26):产量-13.5mg(59%);质谱(MALDI)m/z 1072.49(M+H)+
Figure BDA0003572333600000101
23-PEG4-VHL(27):产量-15mg(59%);质谱(MALDI)m/z 1116.51(M+H)+
Figure BDA0003572333600000102
图5显示了用于制备本文所述的多激酶降解剂的优选实施方案的合成方案。将23和7-10溶解在0.5mL THF中。向该溶液中添加15μL的1M CuSO4,然后添加15μL的1M抗坏血酸钠。将反应混合物在室温搅拌1小时。将另外的15μL CuSO4和抗坏血酸钠添加到反应混合物中并搅拌1小时。通过使用1:1水-乙腈作为流动相的C18 TLC监测反应的完成。减压浓缩反应混合物。将粗品重新溶解在1:1水-乙腈中,并在C18-反相HPLC(250x 21.2mm)上使用0至100%乙腈在水中的梯度在20分钟内进行纯化。收集从16.5到17.5分钟的期望级分并冻干以获得白色固体。
23-PEG1-沙利度胺(28):产量-6.0mg(40%);质谱(MALDI)m/z 857.32(M+H)+
Figure BDA0003572333600000103
23-PEG2-沙利度胺(29):产量-5.7mg(35%);质谱(MALDI)m/z 900.34(M+H)+
Figure BDA0003572333600000111
23-PEG3-沙利度胺(30):产量-7.0mg(37%);质谱(MALDI)m/z 945.37(M+H)+
Figure BDA0003572333600000112
23-PEG4-沙利度胺(31):产量-5.5mg(28%);质谱(MALDI)m/z 989.39(M+H)+
Figure BDA0003572333600000113
实施例2
进行测试以确定具有上述结构的示例性PROTAC PEG1-沙利度胺、PEG2-沙利度胺、PEG3-沙利度胺和PEG4-沙利度胺的活性。人A375恶性黑色素瘤细胞获自美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC),并根据ATCC方案进行培养。随后在37℃和5%CO2下用PROTAC处理细胞18小时。随后,收获细胞并使用含有罗氏完全蛋白酶抑制剂混合物(Roche cOmpleteTM ProteaseInhibitor Cocktail)片剂的市售裂解缓冲液(Biorad)进行裂解。使用从Cell Signaling购买的特异性抗体在蛋白质印迹(western blotting)中探测降解蛋白质的量。α-微管蛋白用作负载对照(loading control)。图6显示了用PEG2-沙利度胺和PEG4-沙利度胺降解剂降解CHK1激酶,证明PEG2-沙利度胺和PEG4-沙利度胺降解蛋白质CHK1。
在进一步的测试中,人A375恶性黑色素瘤细胞在37℃和5%CO2下用不同浓度的PEG2-沙利度胺处理12小时。蛋白质CHK1、GAPDH和α-微管蛋白通过特异性抗体进行探测。GAPDH和α-微管蛋白用作负载对照。图7A显示了PEG2-沙利度胺对CHK1的降解的剂量反应,证明了其降解。图7B显示了7A的量化条形图。图7C显示了PEG2-沙利度胺降解CHK1的剂量反应曲线。细胞培养条件、裂解和蛋白质印迹与上述类似。
在进一步的测试中,测试了PEG2-沙利度胺降解剂对细胞活力的影响。人A375恶性黑色素瘤细胞在37℃和5%CO2下用PEG2-沙利度胺处理12小时。蛋白质MEK和ERK通过特异性抗体进行探测。所使用的程序与上面概述的程序相似。图8A显示了用PEG2-沙利度胺降解剂降解MEK和ERK激酶,证明了PEG2-沙利度胺能降解MEK而不能降解ERK。图8B显示了PEG2-沙利度胺对MEK的降解的量化条形图。图8C显示了PEG2-沙利度胺对ERK的降解的量化条形图。图9显示了来自7B、8B和8C的组合量化剂量反应数据。
在进一步的测试中,人A375恶性黑色素瘤细胞在37℃和5%CO2下用PEG2-沙利度胺处理48小时。随后,使用384个孔板中的Celltiter Glo测定(Promega)检查A375恶性黑色素瘤细胞的活力,并使用Biotek H1平板读取器量化发光信号。图10显示了PEG2-沙利度胺对A375恶性黑色素瘤细胞的活力的影响的剂量反应曲线,提供了768nM的IC50值。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有以下结构的多激酶降解剂:
Figure FDA0004085842680000011
其中n为1至4。
2.一种用于非治疗目的的、确定用于治疗应用的靶激酶的方法,包括:
用权利要求1的多激酶降解剂处理试验中的细胞以产生经处理的细胞;
监测所述经处理的细胞中激酶的降解;
鉴定所述经处理的细胞中的受影响的细胞,其中所述受影响的细胞具有至少一种降解的激酶;和
鉴定所述受影响的细胞中的降解的激酶,其中将所述降解的激酶确定为用于治疗应用的靶激酶。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述治疗应用包括治疗或预防癌症、自身炎症性病症或神经退行性病症。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多激酶降解剂在制备用于在确定用于治疗应用的靶激酶的方法中使用的试剂中的用途,所述方法包括:
用所述试剂处理试验中的细胞以产生经处理的细胞;
监测所述经处理的细胞中激酶的降解;
鉴定所述经处理的细胞中的受影响的细胞,其中所述受影响的细胞具有至少一种降解的激酶;和
鉴定所述受影响的细胞中的降解的激酶,其中将所述降解的激酶确定为用于治疗应用的靶激酶。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法确定的靶激酶在制备用于治疗或预防癌症、自身炎症性病症或神经退行性病症的药物中的用途。
6.一种具有以下结构的多激酶降解剂:
Figure FDA0004085842680000021
其中n为1至4。
7.一种用于非治疗目的的、确定用于治疗应用的靶激酶的方法,包括:
用权利要求6的多激酶降解剂处理试验中的细胞以产生经处理的细胞;
监测所述经处理的细胞中激酶的降解;
鉴定所述经处理的细胞中的受影响的细胞,其中所述受影响的细胞具有至少一种降解的激酶;和
鉴定所述受影响的细胞中的降解的激酶,其中将所述降解的激酶确定为用于治疗应用的靶激酶。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述治疗应用包括治疗或预防癌症、自身炎症性病症或神经退行性病症。
9.根据权利要求6所述的多激酶降解剂在制备用于在确定用于治疗应用的靶激酶的方法中使用的试剂中的用途,所述方法包括:
用所述试剂处理试验中的细胞以产生经处理的细胞;
监测所述经处理的细胞中激酶的降解;
鉴定所述经处理的细胞中的受影响的细胞,其中所述受影响的细胞具有至少一种降解的激酶;和
鉴定所述受影响的细胞中的降解的激酶,其中将所述降解的激酶确定为用于治疗应用的靶激酶。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法确定的靶激酶在制备用于治疗或预防癌症、自身炎症性病症或神经退行性病症的药物中的用途。
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