CN114646931A - Automatic digital calibration method for multi-channel amplitude-phase error of DBF radar - Google Patents
Automatic digital calibration method for multi-channel amplitude-phase error of DBF radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN114646931A CN114646931A CN202210236241.0A CN202210236241A CN114646931A CN 114646931 A CN114646931 A CN 114646931A CN 202210236241 A CN202210236241 A CN 202210236241A CN 114646931 A CN114646931 A CN 114646931A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
- G01S7/4004—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system
- G01S7/4026—Antenna boresight
Abstract
The invention discloses a DBF radar multi-channel amplitude and phase error automatic digital calibration method, which comprises the following steps: the multi-channel signal acquisition module automatically acquires and stores the original multi-channel signal subjected to digital down-conversion; and the multichannel amplitude and phase error analysis module performs error analysis on the stored multichannel original signals, the calibration judgment module performs amplitude and phase error analysis again after acquiring and storing the calibrated multichannel signals, and if the errors do not meet the preset judgment condition, the calibration operation is performed again until the preset judgment condition is met. According to the invention, through a graphical interface, automatic acquisition and storage of multi-channel signals on the FPGA are realized, and the operation complexity is greatly reduced; generating a multi-channel amplitude and phase error calibration coefficient according to the stored original multi-channel signal and realizing digital calibration in the FPGA, thereby having higher precision; the dynamic configuration of the calibration coefficient is realized through the network port, and the flexibility is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of DBF radars, and particularly relates to an automatic digital calibration method for multi-channel amplitude and phase errors of a DBF radar.
Background
Digital beam forming technology is widely applied in the field of radar signal processing, and can change the amplitude and phase between antenna elements in a digital mode and simultaneously form a plurality of beams at different pitching angles and azimuth angles. Data beamforming techniques have greater flexibility and accuracy than conventional beamforming. The high performance of the technology is based on ideal signals and channels, but in reality, the performance of the technology is greatly reduced due to the amplitude phase difference among the channels caused by an antenna, an amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter and the like, so that the multichannel amplitude-phase error calibration technology is very important.
The multichannel amplitude and phase error calibration technology is mainly divided into two parts: analog calibration and digital calibration. The analog calibration mainly includes adding an analog phase modulator at the front end of the antenna, and continuously adjusting the phase error between channels through feedback, but the accuracy of the phase modulation mode is very low, and only large-scale coarse adjustment can be realized. The digital calibration is mainly realized in a signal processing flow, the generation of the calibration coefficient is generally realized based on a digital circuit, and due to the limitation of operation, a large amplitude phase difference still exists between channels after calibration. In addition, since the calculation amount for the amplitude phase difference of each channel is large, a large amount of resources and time are consumed for directly performing the calculation of the calibration coefficient in the signal processing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic digital calibration method for a DBF radar multichannel amplitude and phase error, which can realize automation of a digital calibration process and high-precision calibration of the DBF radar multichannel amplitude and phase error.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
a DBF radar multichannel amplitude and phase error automatic digital calibration method mainly comprises the following five modules:
and the multi-channel signal acquisition module adopts a graphical user interface to automatically acquire and store the original multi-channel intermediate frequency signal output by the front end of the DBF radar through the FPGA.
The multichannel amplitude and phase error analysis module is used for carrying out accurate amplitude and phase analysis on the stored multichannel signals outside the FPGA, firstly obtaining the amplitude of each channel signal by utilizing a modulus operation, obtaining the phase of each channel by utilizing an Euler formula, and calculating the amplitude phase difference between all the channels and a reference channel M.
The calibration coefficient generation module is arranged outside the FPGA and used for taking the amplitude phase of all channels as a standard by using a reference channel M, and performing negation operation on the phase difference obtained by the multi-channel amplitude-phase error analysis module to obtain a phase compensation value; and performing normalization operation on the amplitude difference obtained by the multi-channel amplitude-phase error analysis module to obtain an amplitude compensation value, multiplying the amplitude compensation value and the phase compensation value of each channel to obtain a calibration coefficient of each channel, performing amplitude phase difference compensation, so that the amplitude phase value of all the channels is consistent with the reference channel M, and configuring the generated calibration coefficient file to the FPGA.
And the FPGA digital calibration module is used for taking the generated calibration coefficient as a multiplier, taking the obtained original multi-channel intermediate-frequency signal output by the front end of the DBF radar as another multiplier, and taking the result obtained by multiplying the two multipliers as the output of each channel so as to realize digital calibration among the channels.
And the calibration judgment module performs re-acquisition and error analysis on the calibrated result, completes the calibration work if the preset judgment condition is met, and repeats the calibration if the judgment condition is not met until the judgment condition is met.
A DBF radar multi-channel amplitude and phase error automatic digital calibration method comprises the following steps:
firstly, the multichannel signal acquisition module utilizes the FPGA to automatically acquire and store original multichannel intermediate frequency signals through a graphical user interface.
Secondly, multichannel amplitude and phase error analysis module carries out accurate amplitude and phase analysis to the multichannel signal of saving in the FPGA outside, includes: and obtaining the amplitude of each channel signal by taking the modulus operation, obtaining the phase of each channel by using an Euler formula, and calculating the amplitude phase difference between all the channels and the reference channel M.
Then, the calibration coefficient generation module compensates according to all amplitude phase differences (amplitude phases should be consistent theoretically, so the amplitude phase differences are also called errors) to generate corresponding calibration coefficients, performs fixed-point processing on the calibration coefficients, and stores the calibration coefficients into files with corresponding formats.
And finally, configuring the calibration coefficient file to the FPGA through the network port, after the FPGA digital calibration module finishes digital calibration, resampling and analyzing errors of the calibrated result through the calibration judgment module, and if the errors do not meet the preset judgment condition, re-calibrating until the amplitude phase difference between all the channels and the reference channel M meets the judgment condition.
Furthermore, the multichannel signal acquisition module utilizes the FPGA to realize automatic acquisition and storage of the original multichannel intermediate frequency signal output by the front end of the DBF radar through a graphical user interface, and the complexity of calibration operation is reduced.
Furthermore, the multi-channel amplitude and phase error analysis module performs accurate amplitude and phase analysis on the stored multi-channel signals outside the FPGA, firstly obtains the amplitude of each channel signal by using a modulus operation, obtains the phase of each channel by using an Euler formula, and calculates the amplitude phase difference between all the channels and the reference channel M.
Furthermore, the calibration coefficient generation module is arranged outside the FPGA, amplitude and phase of all channels are based on the reference channel M, and the phase difference obtained by the multi-channel amplitude and phase error analysis module is utilized to perform negation operation on the phase difference to obtain a phase compensation value; and performing normalization operation on the amplitude difference obtained by the multi-channel amplitude-phase error analysis module to obtain an amplitude compensation value, multiplying the amplitude compensation value and the phase compensation value of each channel to obtain a calibration coefficient of each channel, performing amplitude phase difference compensation, so that the amplitude phase value of all the channels is consistent with the reference channel M, and configuring the generated calibration coefficient file to the FPGA.
Furthermore, the FPGA digital calibration module takes the generated calibration coefficient as a multiplier, takes the original multi-channel intermediate frequency signal output by the front end of the DBF radar as another multiplier, and takes the result obtained by multiplying the two multipliers as the output of each channel so as to realize digital calibration among the channels.
Furthermore, the calibration judgment module performs reacquisition and error analysis on the calibrated result, if the preset judgment condition is met, the calibration work is completed, and if the preset judgment condition is not met, the work is repeated until the judgment condition is met, so that the reliability of the calibration result is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) the invention realizes the automation of the multi-channel amplitude-phase error digital calibration process and reduces the complexity of operation; (2) the invention generates the calibration coefficient by calculating the amplitude phase difference between the channels, can realize the calibration of any amplitude and phase error, and has higher applicability and calibration precision; (3) dynamic configuration of calibration coefficients is realized through a network port, digital calibration of multi-channel amplitude and phase errors is realized inside the FPGA, and the flexibility and precision of calibration are improved; (4) according to the invention, through a graphical interface, automatic acquisition and storage of multi-channel signals on the FPGA are realized, and the operation complexity is greatly reduced; generating a multi-channel amplitude and phase error calibration coefficient according to the stored original multi-channel signal and realizing digital calibration in the FPGA, thereby having higher precision; the dynamic configuration of the calibration coefficient is realized through the network port, and the flexibility is higher; the method can generate the calibration coefficient of any multi-channel amplitude-phase error, and configures the calibration coefficient to the FPGA through the network port, thereby realizing the digital calibration of any multi-channel amplitude-phase error based on the FPGA.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the general process for multi-channel amplitude-phase error auto-calibration of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-channel amplitude-phase error analysis module of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a calibration coefficient generation module according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the FPGA digital calibration module of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-4, an automatic digital calibration method for a multi-channel amplitude-phase error of a DBF radar mainly comprises the following five modules:
and the multi-channel signal acquisition module adopts a graphical user interface to automatically acquire and store the original multi-channel intermediate frequency signal output by the front end of the DBF radar through the FPGA.
The multichannel amplitude and phase error analysis module is used for carrying out accurate amplitude and phase analysis on the stored multichannel signals outside the FPGA, firstly obtaining the amplitude of each channel signal by utilizing a modulus operation, obtaining the phase of each channel by utilizing an Euler formula, and calculating the amplitude phase difference between all the channels and a reference channel M.
The calibration coefficient generation module is arranged outside the FPGA and used for taking the amplitude phase of all channels as a standard by using a reference channel M, and performing negation operation on the phase difference obtained by the multi-channel amplitude-phase error analysis module to obtain a phase compensation value; and performing normalization operation on the amplitude difference obtained by the multi-channel amplitude-phase error analysis module to obtain an amplitude compensation value, multiplying the amplitude compensation value and the phase compensation value of each channel to obtain a calibration coefficient of each channel, performing amplitude phase difference compensation, so that the amplitude phase value of all the channels is consistent with the reference channel M, and configuring the generated calibration coefficient file to the FPGA.
And the FPGA digital calibration module is used for taking the generated calibration coefficient as a multiplier, taking the obtained original multi-channel intermediate frequency signal output by the front end of the DBF radar as another multiplier, and taking the result obtained by multiplying the two multipliers as the output of each channel so as to realize digital calibration among the channels.
And the calibration judgment module performs re-acquisition and error analysis on the calibrated result, completes the calibration work if the preset judgment condition is met, and repeats the calibration if the judgment condition is not met until the judgment condition is met.
A DBF radar multi-channel amplitude and phase error automatic digital calibration method comprises the following steps:
firstly, the multichannel signal acquisition module utilizes the FPGA to automatically acquire and store original multichannel intermediate frequency signals through a graphical user interface.
Secondly, multichannel amplitude and phase error analysis module carries out accurate amplitude and phase analysis to the multichannel signal of saving in the FPGA outside, includes: and obtaining the amplitude of each channel signal by taking the modulus operation, obtaining the phase of each channel by using an Euler formula, and calculating the amplitude phase difference between all the channels and the reference channel M.
Then, the calibration coefficient generation module compensates according to all amplitude phase differences (amplitude phases should be consistent theoretically, so the amplitude phase differences are also called errors) to generate corresponding calibration coefficients, performs fixed-point processing on the calibration coefficients, and stores the calibration coefficients into files with corresponding formats.
And finally, configuring the calibration coefficient file to the FPGA through the network port, after the FPGA digital calibration module finishes digital calibration, resampling and analyzing errors of the calibrated result through the calibration judgment module, and if the errors do not meet the preset judgment condition, re-calibrating until the amplitude phase difference between all the channels and the reference channel M meets the judgment condition.
Furthermore, the multichannel signal acquisition module utilizes the FPGA to realize automatic acquisition and storage of the original multichannel intermediate frequency signal output by the front end of the DBF radar through a graphical user interface, and the complexity of calibration operation is reduced.
Furthermore, the multi-channel amplitude and phase error analysis module performs accurate amplitude and phase analysis on the stored multi-channel signals outside the FPGA, firstly obtains the amplitude of each channel signal by using a modulus operation, obtains the phase of each channel by using an Euler formula, and calculates the amplitude phase difference between all the channels and the reference channel M.
Furthermore, the calibration coefficient generation module is arranged outside the FPGA, amplitude and phase of all channels are based on the reference channel M, and the phase difference obtained by the multi-channel amplitude and phase error analysis module is utilized to perform negation operation on the phase difference to obtain a phase compensation value; and performing normalization operation on the amplitude difference obtained by the multi-channel amplitude-phase error analysis module to obtain an amplitude compensation value, multiplying the amplitude compensation value and the phase compensation value of each channel to obtain a calibration coefficient of each channel, performing amplitude phase difference compensation, so that the amplitude phase value of all the channels is consistent with the reference channel M, and configuring the generated calibration coefficient file to the FPGA.
Furthermore, the FPGA digital calibration module takes the generated calibration coefficient as a multiplier, takes the original multi-channel intermediate frequency signal output by the front end of the DBF radar as another multiplier, and takes the result obtained by multiplying the two multipliers as the output of each channel so as to realize digital calibration among the channels.
Furthermore, the calibration judgment module performs reacquisition and error analysis on the calibrated result, if the preset judgment condition is met, the calibration work is completed, and if the preset judgment condition is not met, the work is repeated until the judgment condition is met, so that the reliability of the calibration result is ensured.
The invention discloses an automatic digital calibration method for a DBF radar multichannel amplitude-phase error, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a multi-channel signal acquisition module, a multi-channel amplitude and phase error analysis module, a calibration coefficient generation module, an FPGA digital calibration module and a calibration judgment module, and the specific flow is shown in figure 1. The process shown in fig. 1 can realize automatic digital calibration of amplitude and phase errors of any multiple channels, and perform calibration decision on the calibrated result. The present invention will be described with reference to the flow shown in FIG. 1 as an example. The following describes the structure of each part in detail:
an automatic digital calibration method for amplitude and phase errors of multiple channels of a DBF radar is shown in fig. 1, and includes: the device comprises a multi-channel signal acquisition module, a multi-channel amplitude and phase error analysis and calibration coefficient generation module, an FPGA digital calibration module and a calibration judgment module. Firstly, automatically collecting and storing an intermediate frequency signal subjected to digital down conversion by using an FPGA through a graphical interface; secondly, carrying out accurate amplitude-phase analysis on the stored multi-channel signals, and calculating the amplitude-phase difference between all channels and a reference channel M; then, generating a corresponding calibration coefficient for compensation according to the amplitude phase error, and storing a corresponding file format; and finally, configuring the calibration coefficient file to the FPGA through the network port to realize digital calibration, re-acquiring the calibrated multi-channel signal, analyzing the amplitude phase difference between all channels and the channel M (reference channel), and repeating the calibration until the difference does not meet the preset judgment condition.
A multi-channel amplitude-phase error analysis module, as shown in fig. 2, firstly analyzing the stored multi-channel signals to obtain IQ waveform data of each channel; then using the formula
Obtaining the amplitude of each sampling point of each channel; then, using Euler's formula ejθAnd (4) converting the IQ data to obtain the phase of each sampling point of each channel. And respectively taking the amplitudes of the rest channels as denominators and the amplitude of the channel M as a numerator to obtain the amplitude ratio between the channel M and the rest channels. And subtracting the phases of the channel M from the phases of the other channels respectively to obtain the phase difference between the channel M and the other channels.
A calibration coefficient generation module, as shown in fig. 3, first, the calibration coefficient is input as an amplitude ratio and a phase difference obtained in the multi-channel amplitude-phase error analysis module; then, each channel respectively accumulates and averages the amplitude ratios of the K sampling points, and then carries out normalization operation to obtain a final amplitude compensation coefficient, so that the amplitudes of the rest channels are consistent with the amplitude of the channel M; secondly, each channel accumulates the phase difference of K sampling points and then averages the accumulated phase difference to obtain a final phase compensation coefficient, so that the phases of the other channels are consistent with the phase of the channel M; and finally, converting the calibration coefficient into real part and imaginary part forms through an Euler formula, carrying out normalization processing, carrying out fixed-point processing according to the specified bit width, and writing into a calibration coefficient file in a specified form.
As shown in fig. 4, the FPGA digital calibration module firstly configures a calibration coefficient file through a network port, identifies a packet header of a packet inside the FPGA, determines the packet header as the calibration coefficient file, and then allocates the calibration coefficient file to each channel according to a write format of the calibration coefficient file; and finally, multiplying the intermediate frequency signals subjected to digital down-conversion of each channel by the calibration coefficient by using complex multiplication respectively, wherein the multiplied result is the calibrated result, thereby completing the multi-channel amplitude-phase error digital calibration in the FPGA.
The method can generate the calibration coefficient of any multi-channel amplitude-phase error, and configures the calibration coefficient to the FPGA through the network port, thereby realizing the digital calibration of any multi-channel amplitude-phase error based on the FPGA.
Claims (6)
1. A DBF radar multi-channel amplitude and phase error automatic digital calibration method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, a multichannel signal acquisition module automatically acquires and stores original multichannel intermediate-frequency signals by using an FPGA through a graphical user interface;
secondly, multichannel amplitude and phase error analysis module carries out accurate amplitude and phase analysis to the multichannel signal of saving in the FPGA outside, includes: obtaining the amplitude of each channel signal by taking a modulus operation, obtaining the phase of each channel by using an Euler formula, and calculating the amplitude phase difference between all the channels and a reference channel M;
then, the calibration coefficient generation module compensates according to all amplitude phase differences (the amplitude phases should be consistent theoretically, so the amplitude phase differences are also called errors), so as to generate corresponding calibration coefficients, performs fixed-point processing on the calibration coefficients, and stores the calibration coefficients into files with corresponding formats;
and finally, configuring the calibration coefficient file to the FPGA through the network port, after the FPGA digital calibration module finishes digital calibration, resampling and analyzing errors of the calibrated result through the calibration judgment module, and if the errors do not meet the preset judgment condition, re-calibrating until the amplitude phase difference between all the channels and the reference channel M meets the judgment condition.
2. The automatic digital calibration method for the amplitude and phase errors of the multiple channels of the DBF radar according to claim 1, wherein the multiple channel signal acquisition module realizes automatic acquisition and storage of an original multiple channel intermediate frequency signal output by a front end of the DBF radar through a graphical user interface by using an FPGA, so that the complexity of calibration operation is reduced.
3. The automatic digital calibration method for the multi-channel amplitude and phase errors of the DBF radar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multi-channel amplitude and phase error analysis module performs accurate amplitude and phase analysis on the stored multi-channel signals outside the FPGA, firstly obtains the amplitude of each channel signal by means of a modulus operation, obtains the phase of each channel by means of an Euler formula, and calculates the amplitude phase difference between all channels and a reference channel M.
4. The digital multichannel amplitude and phase error automatic calibration method according to claim 1, characterized in that the calibration coefficient generation module is outside the FPGA, and the phase difference obtained by the multichannel amplitude and phase error analysis module is utilized to perform the negation operation on the amplitude and phase of all channels by taking the reference channel M as a standard to obtain a phase compensation value; and performing normalization operation on the amplitude difference obtained by the multi-channel amplitude-phase error analysis module to obtain an amplitude compensation value, multiplying the amplitude compensation value and the phase compensation value of each channel to obtain a calibration coefficient of each channel, performing amplitude phase difference compensation, so that the amplitude phase value of all the channels is consistent with the reference channel M, and configuring the generated calibration coefficient file to the FPGA.
5. The digital multichannel amplitude and phase error automatic calibration method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the FPGA digital calibration module takes the generated calibration coefficient as a multiplier, takes the original multichannel intermediate frequency signal output by the front end of the DBF radar as another multiplier, and takes the result obtained by multiplying the two multipliers as the output of each channel to realize digital calibration between the channels.
6. The digital multichannel amplitude-phase error automatic calibration method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calibration decision module performs reacquisition and error analysis on the calibrated result, if the preset decision condition is satisfied, the calibration operation is completed, and if the preset decision condition is not satisfied, the operation is repeated until the decision condition is satisfied, thereby ensuring the reliability of the calibration result.
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| CN115586501A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-01-10 | 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 | FPGA-based multichannel baseband data amplitude-phase compensation implementation method |
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| CN115586501A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-01-10 | 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 | FPGA-based multichannel baseband data amplitude-phase compensation implementation method |
| CN115586501B (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-03-10 | 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 | FPGA-based multichannel baseband data amplitude-phase compensation implementation method |
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