CN114645154B - Preparation method of high-hardness copper alloy - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-hardness copper alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN114645154B CN114645154B CN202011515105.2A CN202011515105A CN114645154B CN 114645154 B CN114645154 B CN 114645154B CN 202011515105 A CN202011515105 A CN 202011515105A CN 114645154 B CN114645154 B CN 114645154B
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- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Cu] Chemical compound [Cr].[Cu] GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- OWXLRKWPEIAGAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Cu] Chemical compound [Mg].[Cu] OWXLRKWPEIAGAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- PWOSZCQLSAMRQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium(2+) Chemical compound [Be+2] PWOSZCQLSAMRQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 cobalt metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000701 toxic element Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-hardness copper alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: chromium: 0.3 to 0.6 percent of silicon: 0.4 to 0.8 percent of nickel: 1.6 to 3.0 percent of titanium: 0.05 to 0.15 percent of magnesium: 0.03 to 0.05 percent of rare earth: 0.05 to 0.15 percent and the balance of copper. The alloy is prepared by the steps of 1) batching, 2) intermediate frequency smelting, 3) ingot casting, 4) homogenization treatment, 5) hot working, 6) solution treatment, 7) cold working, 8) twice ageing treatment, 9) mechanical working to obtain a finished product and the like. According to the preparation method of the high-hardness copper alloy, through optimization of alloy components, no beryllium element is contained, and a proper production process is adopted, so that the copper alloy with high hardness and high-temperature softening resistance is obtained; can prolong the service life of the welding electrode material, and has no toxicity and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of copper alloy, in particular to a preparation method of high-hardness copper alloy.
Background
The copper alloy electrode of the resistance welder is a main vulnerable part of the resistance welder, is required to have good electric conduction, heat conductivity, wear resistance, high hardness and higher high-temperature softening temperature, is suitable for various resistance welders such as butt welding machines, seam welders, flash welders, projection welders and the like, is widely applied to industries such as automobiles, aviation, electronics, electric appliances and the like, and is an important part for ensuring welding quality. Along with the rapid development and application of resistance welding, the consumption of various resistance welding electrode materials is larger and larger, and the performance requirement is higher and higher; the welding process needs to be heated and works in a high-temperature or high-pressure use environment, and the materials are required to have high hardness and high-temperature softening resistance.
The beryllium-cobalt-zirconium-copper alloy material comprises the following chemical components: 0.45-0.75%, cobalt: 2.5 to 2.7 percent, after solution strengthening treatment, the beryllium-cobalt-zirconium-copper alloy has excellent performance indexes and good comprehensive performance, and is suitable for being used as various electric contact materials, electrodes for resistance welding industry and the like. However, because the alloy contains beryllium element, the beryllium has larger toxicity and the environmental protection pressure for manufacturing is large; meanwhile, the beryllium and cobalt metals are high in price, so that the beryllium-cobalt-zirconium-copper alloy material is high in cost and high in use price.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for preparing a high-hardness copper alloy which does not contain toxic elements and has low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a copper alloy with high hardness and high temperature softening resistance.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-hardness copper alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: chromium: 0.3 to 0.6 percent of silicon: 0.4 to 0.8 percent of nickel: 1.6 to 3.0 percent of titanium: 0.05 to 0.15 percent of magnesium: 0.03 to 0.05 percent of rare earth: 0.05 to 0.15 percent and the balance of copper.
The chromium element is dissolved into a copper matrix through solution treatment to form a solid solution, and a strengthening phase is precipitated through aging treatment, so that the recrystallization temperature and the heat resistance of the alloy are improved. Cr is formed by silicon in chromium element and copper alloy 3 Si high temperature stabilizes compound phase and has strong high temperature softening resistance. When the content of the added chromium is small, the strengthening effect is not obvious, and the chromium and the silicon are difficult to form Cr 3 Si compounds, or forms in small amounts, do not act much; when the content of the added chromium is large, a large amount of chromium is precipitated, so that a large amount of chromium is accumulated at the grain boundary, the plasticity of the material is destroyed, and the strength is not improved.
The silicon element can improve the hardness and strength of the copper alloy, but has a larger influence on the conductivity of the copper alloy, and can reduce the conductivity of the copper alloy. Cr formed in copper alloy when the content of added silicon is low 3 The Si phase is not enough and the effect is not great; cr which can be formed when the silicon content is high 3 Si is more in phase quantity, but the precipitation quantity of chromium is reduced at the same time, and the comprehensive performance of the alloy is affected.
The nickel element can improve the mechanical property of the copper alloy. The copper alloy is subjected to proper heat treatment, silicon and nickel element can form a compound, and Ni can be precipitated by aging 2 Si intermetallic compound, and improves strength and thermal stability.
The titanium element can improve the strength and heat resistance of the copper alloy. However, titanium element is sensitive to the influence of conductivity, and too high titanium may lower conductivity.
The magnesium element has deoxidization effect, and can reduce metal oxide in copper alloy.
The rare earth elements have the functions of deoxidizing and dehydrogenating, removing impurities, refining grains and changing the shapes and the distribution of the impurities; can improve the high temperature performance and the hot processing performance of the copper alloy, reduce the hot cracking tendency of the copper alloy, and improve the thermoplasticity, the heat resistance, the strength and the hardness. Proper amount of rare earth is added, so that the copper alloy has good effect on the performance of the copper alloy; however, when the rare earth is excessively added, the rare earth becomes an impurity element, which affects the performance of the copper alloy.
The high-hardness copper alloy is based on copper, chromium, nickel, silicon, titanium, rare earth and other elements are added, and the proportion of each component is optimized, so that the elements are mutually supported in function, excellent matching property, relevance and interaction are obtained between the elements and the proportion, excellent composition conditions are provided for the formation of the final copper alloy, and the copper alloy with high hardness and high-temperature softening resistance is promoted to be obtained.
The preparation method of the high-hardness copper alloy comprises the following steps:
1) Vacuum smelting to obtain copper-chromium intermediate alloy;
2) Charging raw material electrolytic copper into a medium-frequency smelting furnace, adding a slag remover, and transmitting power to quickly melt;
3) Before the electrolytic copper serving as a raw material is completely melted into a melt, plant ash and flake graphite are added for covering, then the copper-chromium intermediate alloy is added for melting, and then silicon and nickel are sequentially added for melting;
4) After the raw materials are completely melted, adding a magnesium-copper alloy for deoxidization, a slag remover for slag removal treatment and final deoxidization of magnesium metal; adding titanium and rare earth;
5) Casting an alloy melt into an ingot, homogenizing, hot working and solution treatment;
6) Cold working the copper alloy material subjected to solution treatment, and then performing aging treatment twice to obtain a copper alloy block;
7) And (5) machining to obtain a finished product.
Further preferably, in step 1), the copper-chromium intermediate alloy is prepared by adopting a secondary vacuum smelting mode, wherein the first vacuum smelting is performed to prepare the copper-chromium intermediate alloy with the chromium content of 4-5%, and the second vacuum smelting is performed on the basis to prepare the copper-chromium intermediate alloy with the chromium content of 8%.
Still more preferably, in step 2) and step 4), the addition amount of the slag removing agent is 0.2 to 0.5% of the addition amount of the raw material.
Further preferably, in the step 4), the magnesium-copper alloy contains 16-20% of magnesium and the balance copper.
Further preferably, the temperature of the copper alloy solution is adjusted to 1300-1360 ℃ after the slag removal treatment in the step 4), and magnesium metal is added for final deoxidation.
More preferably, in step 5), the homogenization treatment process is carried out by heating to 840-880 ℃, maintaining the temperature for 3-5 hours, and cooling to normal temperature in a furnace.
Further preferably, the hot working process is to heat to 910-950 ℃ by heating, keep the temperature for 2 hours, and hot forging and forming, wherein the final forging temperature is more than 780 ℃.
Further preferably, in step 5), the solution treatment process is to heat up to 920-970 ℃, then keep the temperature for 2 hours, and cool the solution in a saturated brine pond, wherein the temperature of the brine is not higher than 40 ℃.
Further preferably, in the step 6), the deformation amount of the copper alloy material in cold working is 35-65%; the twice aging treatment process comprises the following steps: and (3) performing primary aging treatment: heating to 430-490 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 hours, and cooling to normal temperature in a furnace; and (3) performing secondary aging treatment: heating to 420-470 deg.c, maintaining for 2-4 hr, and cooling to normal temperature inside furnace.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the preparation method of the high-hardness copper alloy, provided by the invention, copper is used as a base, elements such as chromium, nickel, silicon, titanium and rare earth are added, a proper production process method is adopted to prepare the high-hardness and high-temperature softening-resistant copper alloy, the requirements of resistance welding electrode materials are met, the technical difficulties in the prior art are overcome, and the prepared copper alloy has excellent conductivity, high-temperature softening resistance and high hardness, good comprehensive performance, meeting industry requirements and high practicability.
According to the invention, by adding alloy elements such as chromium, silicon, nickel, titanium, rare earth and the like into the alloy material, beryllium elements are not contained, so that the copper alloy material has high hardness, good high-temperature softening resistance and conductivity, the service life of the welding material is prolonged, and the welding material is nontoxic and low in cost; chromium element is added in a copper-chromium intermediate alloy mode, so that the alloy smelting temperature can be reduced, and the burning loss of the chromium element is reduced; the copper-chromium intermediate alloy is prepared by adopting a secondary vacuum smelting mode, so that the components of the copper-chromium intermediate alloy are uniform and are not segregated, and the addition amount is accurately controlled; the heat treatment process of the copper alloy material after hot forging forming adopts a solution treatment and twice aging treatment mode, so that the comprehensive performance of the alloy is improved; saturated saline is used as a cooling medium during solution treatment, so that the hardenability can be improved, and the uniformity of alloy performance is ensured.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example one:
putting the raw materials into a vacuum smelting furnace according to a proportion to smelt copper-chromium intermediate alloy, and adopting a secondary vacuum smelting mode to prepare the copper-chromium intermediate alloy; the mass percentage of the copper-chromium intermediate alloy prepared firstly by the first vacuum smelting is 4.6 percent of chromium and the balance is copper; and carrying out secondary vacuum smelting and adding chromium on the basis to prepare the copper-chromium intermediate alloy, wherein the mass percentage of the copper-chromium intermediate alloy is 8% of that of the chromium and the balance of copper.
45.31Kg of raw material electrolytic copper is put into an intermediate frequency furnace, and is quickly melted by power transmission; before the electrolytic copper as raw material is completely melted into solution, adding plant ash and flake graphite covering agent, wherein the thickness is about 25mm; then adding 2.85Kg of baked copper-chromium intermediate alloy, and after the copper-chromium intermediate alloy is completely melted, adding 0.36Kg of silicon and then adding 1.3Kg of nickel; adding 0.13Kg of copper-magnesium alloy to deoxidize after the raw materials are completely melted, and adding 0.25Kg of slag remover to perform slag removal treatment after deoxidizing; adjusting the temperature of the copper alloy melt to 1300 ℃, adding 0.024Kg of magnesium metal for final deoxidation, and then adding titanium and rare earth; finally, pouring the alloy melt into an ingot casting mold, and adding plant ash to cover the upper surface of the cap opening after pouring; after the cast ingot is cooled and demoulded, carrying out homogenization treatment: heating to 840 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours, and cooling to normal temperature in a furnace.
The mass percentages of the components of the copper alloy content in the cast ingot sampling analysis are as follows: 0.44%, silicon: 0.69%, nickel: 2.59%, titanium: 0.06%, magnesium: 0.03 percent of rare earth: 0.13% and the balance copper.
Carrying out heat processing on the copper alloy ingot subjected to homogenization treatment: heating to 910 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, hot forging and forming, wherein the final forging temperature is higher than 780 ℃; and then carrying out solution treatment on the copper alloy material after hot forging forming: heating to 930 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and putting into a saturated brine pond for cooling, wherein the water temperature is not higher than 40 ℃; cold working the copper alloy material subjected to solution treatment, wherein the working deformation is 40%; performing primary aging treatment on the cold-processed copper alloy material: heating to 460 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours, and cooling to normal temperature in a furnace; and then carrying out secondary aging treatment: heating to 440 ℃, and preserving heat for 3 hours; cooling to normal temperature in a furnace; and (5) sampling and detecting the performance of the treated copper alloy, and finally, machining the copper alloy into a product.
The copper alloy has the advantages of Hardness (HRB) 98, conductivity (Ms/m) 25 and softening resistance temperature higher than 600 ℃.
Example two:
the raw materials are put into a vacuum smelting furnace according to the proportion to smelt copper-chromium intermediate alloy, and the copper-chromium intermediate alloy is prepared by adopting a secondary vacuum smelting mode: the mass percentage of the copper-chromium intermediate alloy prepared firstly by the first vacuum smelting is 4% of chromium and the balance is copper; and carrying out secondary vacuum smelting and adding chromium on the basis to prepare the copper-chromium intermediate alloy, wherein the mass percentage of the copper-chromium intermediate alloy is 8% of that of the chromium and the balance of copper.
45.45Kg of raw material electrolytic copper is put into an intermediate frequency furnace, and is quickly melted by power transmission; before the electrolytic copper serving as a raw material is completely melted into a molten solution, adding plant ash and flake graphite covering agent, wherein the thickness is about 25mm; then adding 2.56Kg of baked copper-chromium intermediate alloy, and after the copper-chromium intermediate alloy is completely melted, adding 0.32Kg of silicon and then adding 1.5Kg of nickel; adding 0.2Kg of copper-magnesium alloy for deoxidization after the raw materials are completely melted, and adding 0.1Kg of slag remover for slag removal treatment after deoxidization; then adjusting the temperature of the copper alloy melt to 1360 ℃, adding 0.023Kg of magnesium metal for final deoxidation, and then adding titanium and rare earth; finally, pouring the alloy melt into an ingot casting mold, and adding plant ash to cover the upper surface of the cap opening after pouring; after cooling and demoulding the cast ingot, carrying out homogenization treatment: heating to 860 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and cooling to normal temperature in a furnace.
The mass percentages of the components of the copper alloy content in the cast ingot sampling analysis are as follows: 0.39%, silicon: 0.6%, nickel: 2.99%, titanium: 0.1%, magnesium: 0.037%, rare earth: 0.094%, the balance being copper.
Carrying out heat processing on the copper alloy ingot subjected to homogenization treatment: heating to 950 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, hot forging and forming, wherein the final forging temperature is higher than 780 ℃; carrying out solution treatment on the copper alloy material after hot forging forming: heating to 960 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and putting into a saturated brine pond for cooling, wherein the water temperature is not higher than 40 ℃; cold working the copper alloy material subjected to solution treatment, wherein the working deformation is 55%; performing primary aging treatment on the cold-processed copper alloy material: heating to 465 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and cooling to normal temperature in a furnace; and then carrying out secondary aging treatment: heating to 450 ℃, and preserving heat for 2.5 hours; cooling to normal temperature in a furnace; and (5) sampling and detecting the performance of the treated copper alloy, and finally, machining the copper alloy into a product.
The copper alloy has the advantages of Hardness (HRB) 97, conductivity (Ms/m) 26 and softening resistance temperature higher than 600 ℃.
Embodiment III:
the raw materials are put into a vacuum smelting furnace according to the proportion to smelt copper-chromium intermediate alloy, and the copper-chromium intermediate alloy is prepared by adopting a secondary vacuum smelting mode: the mass percentage of the copper-chromium intermediate alloy prepared firstly by the first vacuum smelting is 5% of chromium and the balance is copper; and carrying out secondary vacuum smelting and adding chromium on the basis to prepare the copper-chromium intermediate alloy, wherein the mass percentage of the copper-chromium intermediate alloy is 8% of that of the chromium and the balance of copper.
45.22Kg of raw electrolytic copper is put into an intermediate frequency furnace and is quickly melted by power transmission; before the electrolytic copper serving as a raw material is completely melted into a molten solution, adding plant ash and flake graphite covering agent, wherein the thickness is about 25mm; then adding 3.2Kg of baked copper-chromium intermediate alloy, and after the copper-chromium intermediate alloy is completely melted, adding 0.8Kg of silicon and then adding 1Kg of nickel; adding 0.22Kg of copper-magnesium alloy to deoxidize after the raw materials are completely melted, and adding 0.1Kg of slag remover to perform slag removal treatment after deoxidizing; adjusting the temperature of the copper alloy melt to 1330 ℃, adding 0.035Kg of magnesium metal for final deoxidation, and then adding titanium and rare earth; finally, pouring the alloy melt into an ingot casting mold, and adding plant ash to cover the upper surface of the cap opening after pouring; after cooling and demoulding the cast ingot, carrying out homogenization treatment: heating to 880 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and cooling to normal temperature in a furnace.
The mass percentages of the components of the copper alloy content in the cast ingot sampling analysis are as follows: 0.51%, silicon: 0.77%, nickel: 2.0%, titanium: 0.14%, magnesium: 0.032%, rare earth: 0.063% and the balance copper.
Heating the homogenized copper alloy ingot to 930 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and hot forging to form, wherein the final forging temperature is higher than 780 ℃; carrying out solution treatment on the copper alloy material after hot forging forming: heating to 940 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and putting into a saturated brine pond for cooling, wherein the water temperature is not higher than 40 ℃; cold working the copper alloy material subjected to solution treatment, wherein the working deformation is 65%; carrying out primary aging treatment on the copper alloy material subjected to cold pressing processing: heating to 455 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and cooling to normal temperature in a furnace; and then carrying out secondary aging treatment: heating to 440 ℃, and preserving heat for 3 hours; cooling to normal temperature in a furnace; and (5) sampling and detecting the performance of the treated copper alloy, and finally, machining the copper alloy into a product.
The copper alloy has the advantages of sampling and detecting performance, namely the Hardness (HRB) 99, the conductivity (Ms/m) 24 and the softening resistance temperature of more than 600 ℃.
The foregoing disclosure is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the high-hardness copper alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: chromium: 0.3 to 0.6 percent of silicon: 0.4 to 0.8 percent of nickel: 1.6 to 3.0 percent of titanium: 0.05 to 0.15 percent of magnesium: 0.03 to 0.05 percent of rare earth: 0.05 to 0.15 percent and the balance of copper; the preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Vacuum smelting to obtain a copper-chromium intermediate alloy, wherein the copper-chromium intermediate alloy is prepared by adopting a secondary vacuum smelting mode, the first vacuum smelting is firstly carried out to prepare the copper-chromium intermediate alloy with the chromium content of 4-5%, and the second vacuum smelting is carried out on the first vacuum smelting to prepare the copper-chromium intermediate alloy with the chromium content of 8-10%;
2) Charging raw material electrolytic copper into a medium-frequency smelting furnace, adding a slag remover, and transmitting power to quickly melt;
3) Before the electrolytic copper serving as a raw material is completely melted into a melt, plant ash and flake graphite are added for covering, then the copper-chromium intermediate alloy is added for melting, and then silicon and nickel are sequentially added for melting;
4) After the raw materials are completely melted, adding a magnesium-copper alloy for deoxidization, a slag remover for slag removal treatment and final deoxidization of magnesium metal; adding titanium and rare earth;
5) Casting an alloy melt into an ingot, homogenizing, hot working and solution treatment;
6) Cold working the copper alloy material subjected to solution treatment, and then performing aging treatment twice to obtain a copper alloy block;
7) And (5) machining to obtain a finished product.
2. The method for producing a high-hardness copper alloy according to claim 1, wherein the slag removing agent is added in an amount of 0.2 to 0.5% of the raw material in both of the step 2) and the step 4).
3. The method for producing a high-hardness copper alloy according to claim 1, wherein after the slag removal treatment in step 4), the temperature of the copper alloy solution is adjusted to 1300-1360 ℃, and magnesium metal is added for final deoxidation.
4. The method for producing a high-hardness copper alloy according to claim 1, wherein in step 5), the homogenization treatment process is performed by heating to 840 to 880 ℃, then maintaining the temperature for 3 to 5 hours, and cooling to room temperature in a furnace.
5. The method for producing a high-hardness copper alloy according to claim 1, wherein in step 5), the hot working process is heating to 910 to 950 ℃ for 2 hours, hot forging forming, and final forging temperature is higher than 780 ℃.
6. The method for producing a high-hardness copper alloy according to claim 1, wherein in step 5), the solution treatment process is carried out by heating to 920 to 970 ℃, then preserving heat for 2 hours, and cooling in a saturated brine tank, wherein the temperature of brine is not higher than 40 ℃.
7. The method for producing a high-hardness copper alloy according to claim 1, wherein in step 6), the deformation amount of the copper alloy material in cold working is 35 to 65%; the twice aging treatment process comprises the following steps: and (3) performing primary aging treatment: heating to 430-490 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 hours, and cooling to normal temperature in a furnace; and (3) performing secondary aging treatment: heating to 420-470 deg.c, maintaining for 2-4 hr, and cooling to normal temperature inside furnace.
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