CN114644069B - Electric bicycle control system based on anti-tampering design - Google Patents
Electric bicycle control system based on anti-tampering design Download PDFInfo
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- CN114644069B CN114644069B CN202210318717.5A CN202210318717A CN114644069B CN 114644069 B CN114644069 B CN 114644069B CN 202210318717 A CN202210318717 A CN 202210318717A CN 114644069 B CN114644069 B CN 114644069B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62H—CYCLE STANDS; SUPPORTS OR HOLDERS FOR PARKING OR STORING CYCLES; APPLIANCES PREVENTING OR INDICATING UNAUTHORIZED USE OR THEFT OF CYCLES; LOCKS INTEGRAL WITH CYCLES; DEVICES FOR LEARNING TO RIDE CYCLES
- B62H5/00—Appliances preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of cycles; Locks integral with cycles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K28/00—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions
- B60K28/10—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
- B60R25/01—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles operating on vehicle systems or fittings, e.g. on doors, seats or windscreens
- B60R25/04—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles operating on vehicle systems or fittings, e.g. on doors, seats or windscreens operating on the propulsion system, e.g. engine or drive motor
- B60R25/045—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles operating on vehicle systems or fittings, e.g. on doors, seats or windscreens operating on the propulsion system, e.g. engine or drive motor by limiting or cutting the electrical supply to the propulsion unit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
- B60R25/30—Detection related to theft or to other events relevant to anti-theft systems
- B60R25/34—Detection related to theft or to other events relevant to anti-theft systems of conditions of vehicle components, e.g. of windows, door locks or gear selectors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K28/00—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions
- B60K2028/003—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions inhibiting the starter motor, e.g. by controlling ignition or park lock circuits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R2325/00—Indexing scheme relating to vehicle anti-theft devices
- B60R2325/30—Vehicles applying the vehicle anti-theft devices
- B60R2325/306—Motorcycles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an electric bicycle control system based on an anti-tampering design, which relates to the field of electric bicycles, wherein an anti-tampering battery manager in the system comprises three voltage sampling ends, the three voltage sampling ends are respectively connected with the positive electrodes of any three single battery cores except the positive electrode of a battery in a power battery, the anti-tampering battery manager acquires the total voltage of the positive electrode of the battery of the power battery and the sampling voltages at the three voltage sampling ends, the anti-tampering battery manager can detect whether the power battery meets the voltage characteristic of a lead-acid battery or not according to the collected total voltage and the three sampling voltages, and when the power battery is detected to be illegal because the power battery does not meet the voltage characteristic of the lead-acid battery, the anti-tampering battery manager sends a working prohibition instruction to a whole vehicle controller to prohibit the electric bicycle from being started; the system can effectively avoid potential safety hazards caused by illegal tampering of the power battery, improves the use safety of the electric bicycle, and is convenient to use and high in universality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric bicycles, in particular to an electric bicycle control system based on a tamper-proof design.
Background
Electric bicycle is as the leading short distance vehicle of citizen's trip, has lightly, and is convenient, characteristics such as material benefit, and the present that blocks up more in the city, the convenience of electric bicycle is more prominent, and this makes the volume of keeping of electric bicycle, increase day by day.
The mainstream design scheme of the existing electric bicycle adopts a lead-acid battery as a main power source, but with the wide application of a power lithium battery in the new energy industry, the lithium battery has the advantages of high energy density, light weight, long service life, capability of providing more output power and the like, so that the phenomenon that an enterprise, a dealer and a network point privately utilize the lithium battery pack to replace the lead-acid battery pack in the electric bicycle, and even use a echelon battery with potential safety hazards to carry out secondary utilization often occurs.
However, the chemical properties of the lithium battery are relatively active, the electrolyte is organic matter, and the general space is relatively sealed, so that if the lithium battery is improperly used or a part of the battery manufacturing process is immature or the battery core is aged, the battery pack is likely to be subjected to events which harm the life and property safety of people, such as fire and explosion, and the like, so that the method for privately tampering the power source has great potential safety hazards.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an electric bicycle control system based on a tamper-proof design aiming at the problems and the technical requirements, and the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an electric bicycle control system based on a tamper-proof design comprises a tamper-proof battery manager, a power battery and a vehicle control unit, wherein the power battery comprises at least four single battery cells connected in series, communication connection is established between the tamper-proof battery manager and the vehicle control unit, and the power battery is connected with the tamper-proof battery manager through a battery anode and a battery cathode to supply power to the vehicle control unit;
the anti-tampering battery manager comprises three voltage sampling ends, the three voltage sampling ends are respectively connected with the positive electrodes of any three single battery cores except the positive electrode of the battery in the power battery, and the anti-tampering battery manager acquires the total voltage V of the positive electrode of the battery of the power battery P+ And the sampled voltages V at the three voltage sampling terminals cell1 、V cell2 、V cell3 ，V P+ >V cell1 >V cell2 >V cell3 ；
The anti-tampering battery manager collects V P+ 、V cell1 、V cell2 、V cell3 Determining average cell voltage V of single cell in power battery ave And according to the average voltage V of the cell ave And the collected V P+ 、V cell1 、V cell2 、V cell3 Detecting whether the power battery meets the voltage characteristic of the lead-acid battery;
when the fact that the power battery meets the voltage characteristic of the lead-acid battery and is legal is detected, the anti-tampering battery manager sends a work permission instruction to the whole vehicle controller, and the whole vehicle controller starts the electric bicycle according to the work permission instruction; when detecting that the power battery does not meet the voltage characteristic of the lead-acid battery and is illegal, the anti-tampering battery manager sends a work prohibition instruction to the vehicle control unit, and the vehicle control unit prohibits the electric bicycle from starting according to the work prohibition instruction.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the application discloses electric bicycle control system based on prevent falsifying the design, prevent falsifying battery manager adoption four-wire sampling mode and connecting power battery and obtain corresponding voltage among this electric bicycle control system, can detect whether power battery satisfies lead-acid batteries's voltage characteristic through the voltage that obtains to in time stop electric bicycle when discovering that power battery is illegally falsified and start, avoided because power battery is illegally falsified the potential safety hazard that brings, improve electric bicycle safety in utilization.
The detection mechanism of the anti-tampering battery manager is suitable for the power batteries with different strings, the connection mode of the anti-tampering battery manager and the power batteries is flexible and changeable, the use is convenient, the universality is strong, and the use requirements of electric bicycles with different rated voltages can be met.
Furthermore, the anti-tampering battery manager has the functions of stopping the electric bicycle from being started in time when the power battery is detected to be illegally tampered, prohibiting charging when the battery charger is detected to be illegally tampered, stopping starting and stopping charging when the temperature is too high and spontaneous combustion risks exist, and the like, and the functions can also assist in improving the use safety of the electric bicycle.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system configuration diagram of an electric bicycle control system in one embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for a tamper-resistant battery manager to detect whether a power battery is legitimate in one embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method for the tamper-resistant battery manager to detect whether the power battery is legal in another embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a system configuration diagram of an electric bicycle control system in another embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a system configuration diagram of an electric bicycle control system in yet another embodiment.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
The application discloses an electric bicycle control system based on a tamper-proof design, please refer to fig. 1, the system comprises a tamper-proof battery manager, a power battery and a vehicle control unit, wherein a communication connection is established between the tamper-proof battery manager and the vehicle control unit, and the communication connection mode comprises a wire harness, an RS485 bus and a CAN bus. The power battery is connected with the anti-tampering battery manager and the vehicle control unit through a battery anode P + and a battery cathode P-.
The electric bicycle is designed by taking a lead-acid battery as a legal power source, and one core of the tamper-proof design of the system is to prevent the lead-acid battery from being illegally tampered into a lithium battery. The power battery comprises at least four single battery cells connected in series. For lead-acid batteries, the number of individual cells connected in series is typically 4, 5, 6, and the typical voltage V of the individual cells of lead-acid batteries is typically 4 0 Is 12V, so the rated voltage of the corresponding power battery is 48V, 60V and 72V respectively. For lithium batteries, the number of the single cells connected in series at present is generally 13-20 strings, typically 13 strings, 17 strings, and 20 strings, and the typical voltage of the single cell of the lithium battery is 3.7V, so that the rated voltages of the corresponding power batteries are 48V, 60V, and 72V. The application realizes the anti-tampering design from the different battery characteristics of the lead-acid battery and the lithium battery.
The anti-tampering battery manager comprises three voltage sampling ends, wherein the three voltage sampling ends are respectively connected with the positive electrodes of any three single-section battery cores except the battery positive electrode P + in the power battery. No matter how the anti-tampering battery manager is butted with the power battery, the anti-tampering battery manager can always obtain the total voltage V of the positive pole of the battery P+ And sampled voltages V at the three voltage sampling terminals cell1 、V cell2 、V cell3 The present application defines V P+ >V cell1 >V cell2 >V cell3 . As shown in fig. 1, 4, and 5, for example, a voltage sampling terminal cell1 is connected to the positive electrode of a single cell2, a cell2 is connected to the positive electrode of a single cell3, and a cell3 is connected to the positive electrode of a single cell 4, at this time, voltages collected at the cell1, the cell2, and the cell3 are sequentially reduced, and at this time, V is sequentially reduced cell1 Is shown justIs the voltage collected by cell 1. However, in practical application, since the tamper-resistant battery manager and the power battery can be freely butted, a situation that the cell3 is connected with the positive electrode of the single cell2, the cell2 is connected with the positive electrode of the single cell3, and the cell1 is connected with the positive electrode of the single cell 4 in the figure may occur, and at this time, V is cell1 The voltage collected by cell3 is shown. For convenience of description, the drawings and the illustrations that follow are illustrated in diagrammatic connection.
For a lead-acid battery comprising 4 single cells, if the battery is sequentially referred to as a single cell1, a single cell2, a single cell3 and a single cell 4 from a battery anode P + to a battery cathode P-in series, the three voltage sampling terminals cell1, cell2 and cell3 have only one connection mode, that is, the cell1 is connected with the anode of the single cell2, the cell2 is connected with the anode of the single cell3, and the cell3 is connected with the anode of the single cell 4.
For a lead-acid battery comprising 5 single cells, assuming that a single cell1, a single cell2, a single cell3, a single cell 4, and a single cell 5 are connected in series from a battery positive electrode P + to a battery negative electrode P-, then there are multiple connection modes for the three voltage sampling terminals cell1, cell2, and cell3, as shown in fig. 1, for example, one of the connection modes is given, that is, the cell1 is connected to the positive electrode of the single cell2, the cell2 is connected to the positive electrode of the single cell3, and the cell3 is connected to the positive electrode of the single cell 4. For example, the connection position of the cell1 and the cell2 is not changed, but the cell3 is connected to the positive electrode of the single cell 5 instead. Other connection modes include, for example, cell1 is connected to the positive electrode of the single cell3, cell2 is connected to the positive electrode of the single cell 4, but cell3 is connected to the positive electrode of the single cell 5 instead. Others may be analogized. Similarly, for a lead-acid battery comprising 6 single cells, the three voltage sampling terminals and the power battery also have similar various connection modes.
According to the characteristics of arrangement and combination, on the basis that the anti-tampering battery manager adopts a four-wire sampling mode for the power battery, no matter whether the lead-acid battery comprises 4 or 5 or 6 single battery cores, no matter how the three voltage sampling ends are connected with the power battery to the bottom, and V is the voltage of the power battery P+ 、V cell1 、V cell2 、V cell3 、V P- At least one group of voltage points with adjacent voltage values has only one single cell, and at most 3 single cells are contained between any group of voltage points with adjacent voltage values, V P- Is the voltage of the battery cathode of the power battery, generally defaults to 0V. For example, for a lead-acid battery including 4 single cells, there is only one single cell between any two voltage points with adjacent voltage values. For example, a lead-acid battery comprising 5 individual cells, V, as shown in FIG. 1 P+ And V cell1 Between them there is only one single cell, V cell1 And V cell2 There is also only one single cell between, V cell2 And V cell3 There is only one single cell in between, but V cell3 And V P- Two single-section battery cores are arranged between the two single-section battery cores. This condition is also satisfied for other connection modes. Accordingly, with this feature, the V collected by the battery manager is tamper-proof P+ 、V cell1 、V cell2 、V cell3 A certain voltage characteristic is exhibited. However, if the power battery is a lithium battery with a larger number of strings, this condition is not satisfied, and the acquired voltage does not have corresponding voltage characteristics. Therefore, whether the power battery is the lead-acid battery or the lithium battery at the moment is identified by detecting whether the power battery meets the voltage characteristics of the lead-acid battery or not.
Specifically, the method for the tamper-resistant battery manager to detect whether the power battery meets the voltage characteristics of the lead-acid battery includes the following steps, please refer to the flowcharts shown in fig. 2 and 3:
1. first, the tamper-resistant battery manager is based on the collected V P+ 、V cell1 、V cell2 、V cell3 Determining average cell voltage V of single cell in power battery ave . The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Determination of Δ V 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 Minimum voltage difference value V in min Wherein, Δ V 1 ＝V P+ -V cell1 ，ΔV 2 ＝V cell1 -V cell2 ，ΔV 3 ＝V cell2 -V cell3 ，ΔV 4 ＝V cell3 。
ΔV 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 Is namely V P+ 、V cell1 、V cell2 、V cell3 、V P- The voltage difference between voltage points adjacent to the medium voltage value, as described above, in the lead-acid battery, there is at least a case where there is only one single cell between a group of voltage points adjacent to the medium voltage value, and therefore, for the lead-acid battery, Δ V is calculated 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 Should at least one of the voltage differences be the voltage across a single cell, so that the minimum voltage difference V selected in this step min Which is in fact the voltage across a single cell.
(2) According to
The number S of the single battery cells in the power battery is determined by the value of (A). First of all a calculation is made>
Q takes a floating point number and then looks for an integer S such that Q ∈ (S × t) 1 ,S*t 2 )，t 1 、t 2 Are two weight coefficients, t 1 <1、t 2 >1 and generally close to 1, the actual value can be preset, for example, t is generally taken 1 ＝0.8、t 2 =1.2. And determining the obtained integer S as the number of the single battery cells in the power battery.
(3) Determining average cell voltage V of single cell in power battery ave ＝V P+ and/S. When the power battery is a lead-acid battery, the average voltage V of the battery cell obtained by calculation ave The characterization is an average value of voltages across each single cell in the lead-acid battery. When the power battery is a lithium battery, a voltage value is calculated according to the method and is used as the average voltage V of the battery core ave However, the actually calculated voltage value is an inaccurate characterization object which does not have accurate physical meaning for lithium batteriesAnd (6) managing the quantity.
2. The anti-tampering battery manager obtains the average voltage V of the battery cell according to calculation ave And the collected V P+ 、V cell1 、V cell2 、V cell3 Detecting whether the power battery meets the voltage characteristic of the lead-acid battery:
as described above, if the power battery is a lead-acid battery, the average voltage V of the battery cell obtained by calculation ave Characterized by the voltage value across a single cell of the lead-acid battery having its typical voltage V 0 Is 12V. Therefore, if the power battery is a lead-acid battery, the average voltage V of the battery cell is obtained through calculation ave Should be at the typical voltage V of a single cell of a lead acid battery 0 Within the error voltage range of (i.e. should satisfy V) ave ∈V 0 ±V 0 * p, p is an error ratio representing an error voltage range, for example, p =0.2, and if the condition is not met, the power battery is considered to be not a lead-acid battery and is not legal.
However, when the power battery is a lithium battery, the average voltage V of the battery cell can be calculated ave The calculated voltage value may be within an error voltage range of 12V although the calculated voltage value does not accurately represent the physical quantity, and therefore, the average cell voltage V is detected only ave Whether the typical voltage V of a single cell of a lead-acid battery is 0 Is not accurate within the error voltage range.
If the lead-acid battery power battery is a lead-acid battery, the average voltage V of the battery cell representing the voltage values at two ends of a single battery cell is obtained through calculation ave Then, the voltage difference between two voltages of adjacent voltage values should be the cell average voltage V ave Integer multiples of. Although the specific multiple cannot be determined, as analyzed above, for the lead-acid battery, no matter how the lead-acid battery is connected specifically in the four-wire sampling manner of the present application, the number of the cells of a single cell included between the two voltage acquisition ends of adjacent voltage values is only three possibilities, namely 1, 2, and 3. And the average voltage V of the battery cell obtained by calculation ave Characterised by the value of the voltage across a single cell, thatThe voltage difference between two voltages of adjacent voltage values is only 1 x V ave 、2*V ave 、3*V ave Three possibilities, i.e. Δ V for lead acid batteries 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 Is determinable, so this step also detects four voltage differences av 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 Whether all are in the corresponding cell number and cell average voltage V ave In the determined voltage range, the number of the cells corresponding to each voltage difference value is the number of the single cell connected in series between the acquisition ends of the voltages at the two ends of the voltage difference value: Δ V 1 The corresponding number of cells is the number of single cell connected in series between P + and cell1, Δ V 2 The number of the single cell connected in series between the corresponding cell numbers cell1 and cell2, Δ V 3 The number of the single cell connected in series between the corresponding cell numbers cell2 and cell3, Δ V 4 The number of the single battery cells connected in series between the corresponding battery cell numbers cell3 and P-. Because the sampling connection mode of the anti-tamper battery manager and the power battery is random and uncertain, the number of the battery cores corresponding to the four voltage difference values is actually unknown, but the number of the battery cores is only 1, 2 and 3 when the battery is a lead-acid battery. Specifically, four voltage difference values Δ V are detected 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 Whether the corresponding cell number and the cell average voltage V exist ave The method within the determined voltage range is as follows:
in one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, when the presence of n is detected 1 Make Δ V 1 ∈[n 1 *V ave *w low ,n 1 *V ave *w high ]And there is n 2 Make Δ V 2 ∈[n 2 *V ave *w low ,n 2 *V ave *w high ]And there is n 3 Make Δ V 3 ∈]n 3 *V ave *w low ,n 3 *V ave *w high ]And there is n 4 Make Δ V 4 ∈[n 4 *V ave *w low ,n 4 *V ave *w high ]And n is 1 +n 2 +n 3 +n 4 When = S, determine Δ V 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 All voltage difference values are in the corresponding cell number and cell average voltage V ave Within the determined voltage range, otherwise determining Δ V 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 The number of the electric cores and the average voltage V of the electric cores, which have voltage difference values not corresponding to each other, exist ave Within the determined voltage range. Wherein n is 1 、n 2 、n 3 、n 4 Are all [1,3 ]]Integer within the range, w low Is a lower deviation weight, w, of less than 1 within the error range high Is an upper bound deviation weight greater than 1 within the error range, such as typically taking w low ＝0.8、w high ＝1.2。
In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, when the presence of N is detected 1 So that
And there is N 2 So that->
And N is present 3 So that->
And N is present 4 So that->
And N is 1 +N 2 +N 3 +N 4 When = S, determine Δ V 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 All voltage difference values are in the corresponding cell number and cell average voltage V ave Within the determined voltage range, otherwise determining Δ V 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 The number of the electric cores and the average voltage V of the electric cores, which have voltage difference values not corresponding to each other, exist ave Within the determined voltage range. Wherein N is 1 、N 2 、N 3 、N 4 Are all [1,3 ]]Integer within the range, w low And w high The meaning and typical value of (A) are the same as above.
Whether the embodiment of fig. 2 or the embodiment of fig. 3 is adopted, if the cell average voltage V is detected ave Typical voltage V of single cell of lead-acid battery 0 And four voltage differences DeltaV are detected 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 Are all at the corresponding cell number and cell average voltage V ave And if the determined voltage range is within the range, determining that the power battery meets the voltage characteristic of the lead-acid battery and is legal, otherwise, determining that the power battery does not meet the voltage characteristic of the lead-acid battery and is illegal. Fig. 2 and 3 show the precedence relationship of the respective determination conditions for convenience of illustration, but actually, these determination conditions do not have a specific execution order.
And if the anti-tampering battery manager detects that the power battery meets the voltage characteristic of the lead-acid battery and is legal, the anti-tampering battery manager sends a work permission instruction to the vehicle control unit, and the vehicle control unit starts the electric bicycle according to the work permission instruction. If the anti-tampering battery manager detects that the power battery does not meet the voltage characteristic of the lead-acid battery and is illegal, the anti-tampering battery manager sends a work prohibition instruction to the vehicle control unit, and the vehicle control unit prohibits the starting of the electric bicycle according to the work prohibition instruction, so that the starting of the vehicle is directly prohibited after the power battery is detected to be tampered, and the use safety of the electric bicycle is ensured.
Further, the electric bicycle control system further includes a battery charger, as shown in fig. 4, at least one of two charging terminals of the battery charger is correspondingly connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power battery through a charging switch in the tamper-resistant battery manager. There are three specific connection modes: the first is to connect the positive charging terminal C + of the battery charger directly to the positive electrode P + of the power battery, and the negative charging terminal C-of the battery charger is connected to the negative electrode P-of the power battery through the charging switch K in the tamper-proof battery manager, as shown in fig. 4. The second is to connect the negative charge terminal C-of the battery charger directly to the battery negative pole P-of the power battery, and the positive charge terminal C + of the battery charger to the battery positive pole P + of the power battery through the charge switch K in the tamper-proof battery manager. The third is to connect the positive charging terminal C + of the battery charger to the positive electrode P + of the power battery through the charging switch K1 in the tamper-resistant battery manager, and connect the negative charging terminal C-of the battery charger to the negative electrode P-of the power battery through the charging switch K2 in the tamper-resistant battery manager, as shown in fig. 5, the positive and negative electrodes can be disconnected in time, K1 and K2 act synchronously, and the subsequent description is also uniformly described as the charging switch K.
When the anti-tampering battery manager detects that the power battery meets the voltage characteristic of the lead-acid battery and is legal, the anti-tampering battery manager conducts the charging switch K to enable the charging loop of the power battery to be conducted by the battery charger, and the power battery can be normally charged by the battery charger. When the anti-tampering battery manager detects that the power battery does not meet the voltage characteristic of the lead-acid battery and is illegal, the anti-tampering battery manager disconnects the charging switch K to enable the battery charger to cut off a charging loop of the power battery. That is, after the power battery is detected to be tampered, the starting operation of the whole vehicle is forbidden, the charging loop is forced to be turned off, the illegal power battery is forbidden to be charged, and the use safety of the electric bicycle is further ensured.
In addition, the tamper-resistant battery manager also establishes a communication connection with the battery charger. The communication connection between the tamper-resistant battery manager, the vehicle control unit, and the battery charger may typically be in two different ways, as shown in fig. 4 and 5. After the battery charger is connected, the anti-tampering battery manager authenticates the identity of the battery charger, when the anti-tampering battery manager authenticates the identity of the battery charger, the anti-tampering battery manager conducts the charging switch K to enable the battery charger to conduct a charging loop of the power battery, otherwise, the anti-tampering battery manager disconnects the charging switch K to enable the battery charger to cut off the charging loop of the power battery. That is, in this embodiment, not only the power battery can be prevented from being tampered with, but also the battery charger can be prevented from being tampered with, and when an illegal battery charger is detected, the charging circuit can be forcibly turned off to prohibit charging, thereby further ensuring the use safety of the electric bicycle.
In one embodiment, the default state of the charge switch K is an on state, such that the battery charger detects the battery voltage of the power battery to adjust the charging process. When the anti-tampering battery manager detects that the power battery is illegal and/or the battery charger is illegal, the charging switch K is disconnected, the voltages of P + and C-can be safely disconnected through the charging switch K, and no high-voltage output is ensured outside.
In another embodiment, the tamper-proof battery manager is further connected to a temperature detector, such as NTC shown in fig. 5, which may be implemented by a sensor or a strain gauge, etc., and is disposed on or near the power battery, and fig. 5 only shows a schematic circuit connection diagram thereof and does not show a placement position thereof. The anti-tampering battery manager detects the battery temperature of the power battery through the temperature detector. And if the anti-tampering battery manager detects that the battery temperature of the power battery exceeds a preset safe temperature range, the anti-tampering battery manager sends a work prohibition instruction to the vehicle control unit, and the vehicle control unit prohibits the electric bicycle from starting according to the work prohibition instruction. In addition, when the battery charger is externally connected, the anti-tampering battery manager can also disconnect the charging switch K to enable the battery charger to cut off the charging loop of the power battery. The spontaneous combustion risk of the electric bicycle can be reduced to a certain extent, and the use safety of the electric bicycle is ensured.
Optionally, the tamper-resistant battery manager has sleep and wake functions to control its power consumption. From a user safety perspective, the tamper-resistant battery manager also includes a key for manually turning off the charge switch K.
What has been described above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. It is to be understood that other modifications and variations directly derivable or suggested by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and concept of the present invention are to be considered as included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An electric bicycle control system based on a tamper-proof design is characterized by comprising a tamper-proof battery manager, a power battery and a vehicle controller, wherein the power battery comprises at least four single battery cells connected in series, communication connection is established between the tamper-proof battery manager and the vehicle controller, and the power battery is connected with the tamper-proof battery manager and the vehicle controller through a battery anode and a battery cathode to supply power;
the anti-tampering battery manager comprises three voltage sampling ends, the three voltage sampling ends are respectively connected with the anodes of any three single-section battery cores except the battery anode in the power battery, and the anti-tampering battery manager acquires the total voltage V of the battery anode of the power battery P+ And the sampled voltages V at the three voltage sampling terminals cell1 、V cell2 、V cell3 ，V P+ >V cell1 >V cell2 >V cell3 ；
The tamper-proof battery manager is based on the collected V P+ 、V cell1 、V cell2 、V cell3 Determining the average cell voltage V of a single cell in the power battery ave And according to the average voltage V of the cell ave And the collected V P+ 、V cell1 、V cell2 、V cell3 Detecting whether the power battery meets the voltage characteristic of a lead-acid battery;
when the fact that the power battery meets the voltage characteristic of a lead-acid battery and is legal is detected, the anti-tampering battery manager sends a work permission instruction to the vehicle control unit, and the vehicle control unit starts the electric bicycle according to the work permission instruction; when detecting that the power battery does not meet the voltage characteristic of a lead-acid battery and is illegal, the anti-tampering battery manager sends a work prohibition instruction to the vehicle control unit, and the vehicle control unit prohibits the electric bicycle from starting according to the work prohibition instruction;
when the power battery is a lead-acid battery, the powerThe number of the single battery cores included in the battery is 4, 5 or 6, and the anti-tampering battery manager acquires V P+ 、V cell1 、V cell2 、V cell3 Determining the average cell voltage V of a single cell in the power battery ave The method comprises the following steps: determination of Δ V 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 Minimum voltage difference value V in min Wherein, Δ V 1 ＝V P+ -V cell1 ，ΔV 2 ＝V cell1 -V cell2 ，ΔV 3 ＝V cell2 -V cell3 ，ΔV 4 ＝V cell3 (ii) a According to
Determining the number S of single battery cells in the power battery; determining the average cell voltage V of a single cell in the power battery ave ＝V P+ /S；
According to the average voltage V of the battery cell ave And the collected V P+ 、V cell1 、V cell2 、V cell3 Detecting whether the power battery meets the voltage characteristics of a lead-acid battery, comprising: if the average voltage V of the battery cell is detected ave Typical voltage V of single cell of lead-acid battery 0 Within an error voltage range of and detected according to V P+ 、V cell1 、V cell2 、V cell3 Four voltage differences Δ V determined 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 Are all at the corresponding cell number and the cell average voltage V ave If the voltage range is determined, determining that the power battery meets the voltage characteristic of the lead-acid battery and is legal, otherwise determining that the power battery does not meet the voltage characteristic of the lead-acid battery and is illegal; the number of the battery cells corresponding to each voltage difference value is the number of the single battery cells connected in series between the voltage acquisition ends at the two ends of the voltage difference value.
2. The electric bicycle control system of claim 1, wherein four voltage differences are detectedValue Δ V 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 Whether the corresponding number of the battery cells and the average voltage V of the battery cells exist ave The method within the determined voltage range comprises:
when the presence of n is detected 1 Make Δ V 1 ∈[n 1 *V ave *w low ,n 1 *V ave *w high ]And there is n 2 Make Δ V 2 ∈[n 2 *V ave *w low ,n 2 *V ave *w high ]And there is n 3 Make Δ V 3 ∈[n 3 *V ave *w low ,n 3 *V ave *w high ]And there is n 4 Make Δ V 4 ∈[n 4 *V ave *w low ,n 4 *V ave *w high ]And n is 1 +n 2 +n 3 +n 4 When = S, determine Δ V 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 All the voltage difference values are between the corresponding cell number and the cell average voltage V ave Within the determined voltage range, otherwise determining Δ V 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 The number of the electric cores with the voltage difference value not corresponding to the average voltage V of the electric cores exists ave Within the determined voltage range;
wherein n is 1 、n 2 、n 3 、n 4 Are all [1,3 ]]Integer within the range, w low Is a lower deviation weight, w, of less than 1 within the error range high Is an upper bound bias weight greater than 1 within the error range.
3. Electric bicycle control system according to claim 1, characterized in that four voltage difference values Δ ν are detected 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 Whether the corresponding number of the battery cells and the average voltage V of the battery cells exist ave The method within the determined voltage range comprises:
when the presence of N is detected 1 So that
And N is present 2 So that
And N is present 3 So that
And N is present 4 So that
And N is 1 +N 2 +N 3 +N 4 = S, Δ V is determined 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 All the voltage difference values are between the corresponding cell number and the cell average voltage V ave Within the determined voltage range, otherwise determining Δ V 1 、ΔV 2 、ΔV 3 、ΔV 4 The number of the electric cores with the voltage difference value not corresponding to the average voltage V of the electric cores exists ave Within the determined voltage range;
wherein N is 1 、N 2 、N 3 、N 4 Are all [1,3 ]]Integer within the range, w low Is a lower bound bias weight, w, of less than 1 within the error range high Is an upper bound bias weight greater than 1 within the error range.
4. The electric bicycle control system of claim 1, further comprising a battery charger, wherein at least one of two charging terminals of the battery charger is connected to the positive battery terminal and the negative battery terminal of the power battery via a charging switch in the tamper-resistant battery manager;
when the power battery is detected to meet the voltage characteristic of a lead-acid battery and be legal, the anti-tampering battery manager conducts the charging switch to enable the battery charger to conduct a charging loop of the power battery; when detecting that the power battery does not meet the voltage characteristics of a lead-acid battery and is illegal, the anti-tampering battery manager disconnects the charging switch so that the battery charger turns off the charging loop of the power battery.
5. The electric bicycle control system of claim 4, wherein the tamper-resistant battery manager further establishes a communication connection with the battery charger and authenticates the identity of the battery charger, and when the tamper-resistant battery manager authenticates the identity of the battery charger, the tamper-resistant battery manager turns on the charging switch to turn on the charging circuit of the power battery by the battery charger, otherwise the tamper-resistant battery manager turns off the charging switch to turn off the charging circuit of the power battery by the battery charger.
6. The electric bicycle control system of claim 4, wherein the default state of the charging switch is an on state such that the battery charger detects the battery voltage of the power battery to adjust the charging process.
7. The electric bicycle control system of claim 4, wherein the tamper-resistant battery manager is further connected with a temperature detector, and when the tamper-resistant battery manager detects that the battery temperature of the power battery exceeds a preset safety temperature range through the temperature detector, the tamper-resistant battery manager disconnects the charging switch so that the charging loop of the power battery is turned off by the battery charger.
8. The control system of the electric bicycle according to claim 1, wherein the tamper-proof battery manager is further connected with a temperature detector, when the tamper-proof battery manager detects that the battery temperature of the power battery exceeds a preset safety temperature range through the temperature detector, the tamper-proof battery manager sends a work prohibition instruction to the vehicle controller, and the vehicle controller prohibits the electric bicycle from starting according to the work prohibition instruction.
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| CN101551445A (en) * | 2009-05-12 | 2009-10-07 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Power lithium cell collection system for electric automobile and collection control method |
| JP5617477B2 (en) * | 2010-09-24 | 2014-11-05 | ソニー株式会社 | Battery pack and method for monitoring removal of secondary battery in battery pack |
| FR2988926B1 (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2014-03-28 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICALLY POWERING A HYBRID MOTOR VEHICLE WITH DOUBLE STORAGE ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORES |
| CN103057433B (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2016-09-28 | 北京理工大学 | The detection method of the cell of stack battery in electric automobile under duty |
| CN104037920B (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2016-03-23 | 杭州电子科技大学 | A kind of lead-acid battery smart charge control system |
| CN204223037U (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-03-25 | 宁波市巴颜喀拉电子有限公司 | The storage battery car device having battery detecting and locating anti-theft function concurrently |
| EP3455641A4 (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2019-12-11 | Schumacher Electric Corporation | Battery state detection system and method |
| KR102400625B1 (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2022-05-20 | 글로벌 배터리 솔루션즈 엘엘씨 | Battery Monitor Systems and Methods |
| CN108831761A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-16 | 江苏华锋新能源科技有限公司 | Inside a kind of battery and capacitor it is mixed and nickel zinc capacitor batteries |
| CN114019183A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-02-08 | 江苏集萃集成电路应用技术管理有限公司 | Speed measuring equipment of electric vehicle, detection and identification system and detection and identification method of modified electric vehicle |
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