CN114640195A - Multi-interval efficient permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor and high-reliability operation method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-interval efficient permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor and high-reliability operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
- H02K16/04—Machines with one rotor and two stators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/02—Details
- H02K21/021—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-interval efficient permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor and a high-reliability operation method thereof. The outer stator adopts fractional slot concentrated windings, and the inner stator adopts integer slot distributed windings; the head of the swallow-shaped rotor is provided with unequal auxiliary salient poles, the tail of the swallow-shaped rotor is provided with unequal and offset auxiliary salient poles, air magnetic barriers are arranged in the swallow-shaped rotor, and permanent magnets are uniformly embedded into the swallow-shaped rotor along the circumferential direction. Four modes of operation of the motor are achieved by controlling d-q axis currents in the armature winding and the field winding: firstly, an armature winding independently drives a motor to operate; in the second mode, the excitation winding independently drives the motor to run; in the third mode, the armature winding and the excitation winding jointly drive the motor to run; in the fourth mode, the armature winding drives the motor to run, and the excitation winding regulates the permanent magnetic flux; the multi-section high-efficiency running device runs in different modes in different torque and rotating speed areas, and further realizes multi-section high-efficiency running.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-interval efficient permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor and a design of a high-reliability operation technology thereof, belonging to the technical field of motor manufacturing.
Background
In recent years, the automobile industry brings great convenience to human production and life, and simultaneously, two challenges of excessive dependence on petroleum resources and greenhouse gas emission are caused. Under the dual pressure of energy crisis and environmental deterioration, the automotive industry is in urgent need of revolution. With the rapid development of science and technology, new energy automobiles are continuously concerned by domestic and foreign enterprises and are rapidly developed. The permanent magnet synchronous motor, especially the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet excited rare earth permanent magnet synchronous motor has the obvious advantages of simple structure, reliable operation, small volume, light weight, less loss, high efficiency and the like, and is widely applied to the field of new energy automobiles.
When the motor is in operation, inevitable faults can occur. When a non-full-phase fault and an asymmetric fault occur in a traditional three-phase motor, the torque of the motor can be rapidly reduced, and severe vibration is generated at the same time, so that the normal operation of the motor is influenced slightly, and the life threat to production personnel is generated seriously. Therefore, the fault tolerance of the motor also has extremely important research value. In order to improve the fault tolerance of the motor, a multi-phase structure, fractional slot single-layer concentrated windings and fault tolerant teeth are introduced into the permanent magnet motor. The permanent magnet motor with the multi-phase structure can keep continuous operation after the fault occurs by utilizing the residual healthy phases, and additional hardware is not needed. The fractional slot single layer concentrated winding can generate high self inductance and low mutual inductance, so that short-circuit current is limited. The fault-tolerant teeth have magnetic, electrical, physical and thermal isolation effects that help reduce the effects of faults on healthy phases. However, the conventional permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor has a single operation mode and can only operate efficiently in a specific area. In addition, if a fault occurs, the output torque also drops, and the armature current must be increased to increase the output torque to achieve certain operating performance, which increases motor losses and reduces motor efficiency.
In general, the conventional permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor can only operate efficiently in a specific operation area and has low fault-tolerant efficiency in fault-tolerant operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that the traditional permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor can only keep high efficiency in a specific operation area and the fault-tolerant efficiency is low during fault-tolerant operation, and provides a multi-interval high-efficiency permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor and a high-reliability operation technology thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the multi-interval high-efficiency permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor comprises an outer stator, an armature winding embedded in an outer stator slot, an inner stator, an excitation winding embedded in an inner stator slot, a swallow-shaped rotor and an amplitude-phase permanent magnet; unequal auxiliary salient poles are arranged at the head parts of the swallow-shaped rotors, and the arc coefficients of the auxiliary salient poles at the head parts of the adjacent swallow-shaped rotors are unequal; auxiliary salient poles which are unequal and offset are arranged at the tail of the swallow-shaped rotor, and the pole arc coefficients of the auxiliary salient poles at the tail of the adjacent swallow-shaped rotor are unequal and offset by different angles in sequence; an air magnetic barrier is additionally arranged inside the swallow-shaped rotor; the motor is operated in four modes by flexibly controlling d-q axis currents in an armature winding and a field winding: firstly, an armature winding independently drives a motor to operate; in the second mode, the excitation winding independently drives the motor to run; in the third mode, the armature winding and the excitation winding jointly drive the motor to run; in the fourth mode, the armature winding drives the motor to run, and the excitation winding regulates the permanent magnetic flux; the operation is carried out in different modes in different torque and rotating speed areas, so that the multi-section high-efficiency operation is realized; and by mode switching, the healthy winding is utilized to assist the fault winding to realize strong fault-tolerant operation.
Furthermore, the outer stator adopts fractional slot concentrated windings, only single-layer windings are wound on each armature tooth, and a tooth-spacing winding method is adopted, so that the outer stator forms 10 armature teeth and 10 fault-tolerant teeth, the armature teeth and the fault-tolerant teeth are uniformly distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction, and two radially opposite single-layer concentrated windings are connected in series to form one phase. The inner stator adopts integer slot distributed windings, and the windings are connected in series into one phase at intervals of 5 stator teeth in the circumferential direction.
Further, the slot pole matching of the fractional slot concentrated winding adopted on the outer stator meets the requirement that Q is 2P +/-2; the slot pole matching of the integral slot distributed winding structure on the inner stator needs to ensure that Q ═ Q/(2 × (P) × (m) is an integer; wherein Q is the number of slots of the motor, P is the number of pole pairs of the motor, m is the number of phases of the motor, and Q is the number of slots of each phase of each pole of the motor.
Furthermore, the permanent magnets are made of neodymium iron boron rare earth permanent magnet materials, and the magnetizing directions of the adjacent permanent magnets are opposite.
Further, the four mode torque equations are:
wherein T represents the average value of the output torque, PrIs the pole pair number psi of the rotorpmoIs the permanent magnetic density of the external air gap psipmiIs the internal air gap permanent magnet flux density, kfIs the adjusting coefficient of the excitation current to the magnetic density of the external air gap permanent magnet iqoIs the armature winding q-axis current, iqiIs the q-axis current of the field winding, idiIs the field winding d-axis current.
Further, the four modes operate;
the method comprises the following steps: only q-axis current is introduced into an armature winding of the outer stator to drive the motor to operate, at the moment, the outer stator and the armature winding play a role in driving, and the inner stator and the excitation winding play a role in following;
mode II: only q-axis current is introduced into the excitation winding of the inner stator to drive the motor to run, at the moment, the inner stator and the excitation winding play an active role, and the outer stator and the armature winding play a follow-up role;
mode III: meanwhile, q-axis current is introduced into the outer stator armature winding and the inner stator exciting winding to drive the motor to operate together, the outer stator and the armature winding play a role in driving, and the inner stator and the exciting winding play a role in driving;
mode (iv): and q-axis current is introduced into the outer stator armature winding to drive the motor to operate, and d-axis current is introduced into the inner stator excitation winding to regulate the permanent magnetic flux, so that the magnetic regulation operation is realized.
Further, the multi-interval efficient operation means that: in the low rotating speed and high torque area, the motor operates in the mode III, in the middle rotating speed and middle torque area, the motor operates in the mode I, and in the high rotating speed and low torque area, the motor operates in the mode II.
Further, the motor can be operated in four modes, mode switching is carried out, and the healthy winding is used for assisting a fault set to realize strong fault-tolerant operation;
when the motor is in a failure state in the mode I, switching to the mode III, inhibiting torque pulsation by current transformation phase of an armature winding, and introducing q-axis current to an excitation winding to make up for missing torque; the current transformation phase of the armature winding can be switched to a mode IV to inhibit torque pulsation, and d-axis current is introduced into the excitation winding to adjust magnetism, so that fault-tolerant operation is realized;
when the motor is in a fault state in the mode II, the mode II is switched to the mode IV, the current transformation phase of the excitation winding pushes the permanent magnetic flux to an external air gap, and at the moment, q-axis current is introduced into the armature winding to generate torque, so that fault-tolerant operation is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the multi-interval efficient permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor comprises an outer stator, an armature winding embedded in an outer stator slot, an inner stator, an excitation winding embedded in an inner stator slot, a swallow-shaped rotor and a permanent magnet; by flexibly controlling the d-q axis currents in the armature winding and the field winding, the motor can realize four different modes of operation: in the mode I, only q-axis current is introduced into an armature winding of an outer stator to independently drive a motor to operate; in the second mode, the motor is driven to operate only by introducing q-axis current into the excitation winding of the inner stator; in the third mode, q-axis current is introduced into the outer stator armature winding and the inner stator exciting winding to drive the motor to run together; and in the fourth mode, q-axis current is introduced into an armature winding of the outer stator to drive the motor to operate, and d-axis current is introduced into an excitation winding of the inner stator to regulate the permanent magnetic flux, so that the magnetic regulation operation is realized.
2. In a low rotating speed and high torque area, the motor operates in a mode III; in the middle rotating speed and middle torque area, the motor operates in a mode (I); in the high speed and low torque region, the motor operates in mode two. Compared with a common single-mode permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor, the multi-section high-efficiency permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor can run in different modes in different torque and rotating speed areas, and further multi-section high-efficiency running is achieved.
3. When the motor is in a failure state in a mode I, switching to a mode III, inhibiting torque pulsation by current transformation phase of an armature winding, and introducing q-axis current into an excitation winding to make up for missing torque; the current transformation phase of the armature winding can be switched to a mode IV to inhibit torque pulsation, and d-axis current is introduced into the excitation winding to adjust magnetism, so that fault-tolerant operation is realized; when the motor is in a fault state in the mode II, the mode II is switched to the mode IV, the current transformation phase of the excitation winding pushes the permanent magnetic flux to an external air gap, and at the moment, q-axis current is introduced into the armature winding to generate torque, so that fault-tolerant operation is realized. Compared with the traditional permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor, the multi-interval efficient permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor can realize strong fault-tolerant operation by utilizing the healthy winding to assist the fault winding.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a rotor structure view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the result of no-load back EMF of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of output torque results for the present invention; (a) firstly, a mode; (b) a mode II; (c) mode III;
FIG. 5 is a plot of the high efficiency operating region of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of fault tolerant operating torque results of the present invention; (a) an armature winding fault; (b) failure of the excitation winding;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing loss and efficiency of the new and old fault tolerance methods of the present invention in the event of armature winding failure; (a) a novel fault tolerant method; (b) a traditional fault tolerance method;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing loss and efficiency of the old and new fault tolerant methods of the present invention in the event of an excitation winding failure; (a) a novel fault-tolerant method; (b) a conventional fault tolerant method.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention relates to a multi-interval high-efficiency permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor. The motor comprises two stators and a swallow-shaped rotor; the two stators are respectively an outer stator 1 and an inner stator 5, the outer stator 1 adopts fractional slot concentrated winding, and the inner stator 5 adopts integer slot distributed winding; unequal auxiliary salient poles are arranged at the head of the swallow-shaped rotor 4, and unequal and offset auxiliary salient poles are arranged at the tail of the swallow-shaped rotor 4; an air magnetic barrier is additionally arranged inside the swallow-shaped rotor 4, and the swallow-shaped rotor is structurally shown in figure 2. The permanent magnets 3 are evenly embedded in the circumferential direction of the swallow-shaped rotor, the magnetizing directions of the adjacent permanent magnets are opposite, and the permanent magnets are made of neodymium iron boron rare earth permanent magnet materials.
The counter potential waveform diagram of the armature winding and the field winding of the motor of the invention under the no-load condition is shown in figure 3. As can be seen from fig. 3, the counter-potential waveforms in the two sets of windings have the same phase and different amplitudes, which indicates that the permanent magnet has 2 parallel magnetic circuits. External magnetic path: rotor → outer stator → rotor, inner magnetic path: rotor → inner stator → rotor. The multi-interval high-efficiency permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor can run in different modes including a mode I, a mode II, a mode III and a mode IV.
Torque waveforms in different modes are shown in fig. 4, wherein the average torque value in the first mode is 24.6Nm, and the torque ripple is 6%; mode II, the average torque value is 8.8Nm, and the torque ripple is 5.03%; mode c the average torque value was 33.4Nm and the torque ripple was 7.57%. It can be seen that the average torque for the different modes is different, which provides the basis for operating in the different modes at different speeds and torques. In a low rotating speed and high torque area, the motor operates in a mode III, and q-axis current is introduced into an armature winding and an excitation winding to generate maximum torque to drive the motor to operate; in the middle rotating speed and middle torque area, the motor operates in a mode (i), and only q-axis current is introduced into an armature winding to generate a larger torque to drive the motor to operate; in a high rotating speed and low torque area, the motor operates in a mode II, and only q-axis current is introduced into the excitation winding to generate smaller torque to drive the motor to operate. The efficiency graphs of the three modes are different, more than 90% of high-efficiency intervals of the three modes are combined into a total high-efficiency area of the motor, and fig. 5 shows the high-efficiency operation area of the multi-interval high-efficiency permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor, wherein the efficiency of the multi-interval high-efficiency permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor is more than 90%.
Fig. 6 shows torque waveforms of the multi-interval high-efficiency permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor under fault and fault-tolerant conditions, and it can be seen that under the fault condition, the torque average value is low and large torque ripple is accompanied; during fault-tolerant operation, the average torque value is improved, and torque pulsation is effectively inhibited; the new fault tolerant approach achieves smaller torque ripple than the traditional fault tolerant approach. Fig. 7 shows the losses and efficiency of the old and new fault-tolerant method in the event of armature winding failure. It can be seen that in both methods the iron loss grows very slowly and takes up a small proportion of the total loss, while the copper loss grows exponentially and takes up a larger proportion of the total loss; the novel fault-tolerant method avoids large fault-tolerant current and reduces copper consumption, thereby improving the fault-tolerant efficiency. Fig. 8 shows the losses and efficiencies of the new and old fault tolerant methods in case of field winding failure, which can be obtained because the iron loss of the new fault tolerant method is large and takes up a certain proportion of the total losses, since the outer stator and armature windings are used to achieve fault tolerant operation; the iron loss of the traditional fault-tolerant method is slowly increased and the proportion of the iron loss in the total loss is small, but the copper loss is relatively large, so that the fault-tolerant efficiency is low.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A multi-interval high-efficiency permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor is characterized by comprising an outer stator, an armature winding embedded in an outer stator slot, an inner stator, an excitation winding embedded in an inner stator slot, a swallow-shaped rotor and an amplitude-phase permanent magnet; the head of the swallow-shaped rotor faces the outer stator and is provided with unequal auxiliary salient poles, and the arc coefficients of the auxiliary salient poles of the adjacent swallow-shaped rotor heads are unequal; the tail part of the swallow-shaped rotor is right opposite to the inner stator, and unequal and offset auxiliary salient poles are arranged, at the moment, the pole arc coefficients of the adjacent auxiliary salient poles at the tail part of the swallow-shaped rotor are unequal, and the auxiliary salient poles are offset by different angles in sequence; an air magnetic barrier is additionally arranged inside the swallow-shaped rotor.
2. The fault-tolerant motor of multi-interval high-efficiency permanent magnets of claim 1 is characterized in that the outer stator adopts fractional-slot concentrated windings, only single-layer windings are wound on each armature tooth, and a tooth-separating winding method is adopted, so that the outer stator forms 10 armature teeth and 10 fault-tolerant teeth, the armature teeth and the fault-tolerant teeth are uniformly distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction, and the radially opposite two single-layer concentrated windings are connected in series to form one phase; the inner stator adopts integer slot distributed windings, and the windings are connected in series into one phase at intervals of 5 stator teeth in the circumferential direction.
3. The fault-tolerant motor of high-efficient permanent magnetism of a multi-zone according to claim 1, characterized by, the slot pole cooperation that adopts fractional slot concentrated winding on the outer stator should satisfy Q2P ± 2; the slot pole matching of the integral slot distributed winding structure on the inner stator needs to ensure that Q ═ Q/(2 × (P) × (m) is an integer; wherein Q is the number of slots of the motor, P is the number of pole pairs of the motor, m is the number of phases of the motor, and Q is the number of slots of each phase of each pole of the motor.
4. The fault-tolerant motor of claim 1, wherein the permanent magnets are made of Nd-Fe-B rare earth permanent magnet materials, and the magnetizing directions of adjacent permanent magnets are opposite.
5. The fault-tolerant multi-interval high-efficiency permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein four modes of operation of the motor are realized by controlling d-q axis currents in an armature winding and a field winding: firstly, an armature winding independently drives a motor to operate; in the second mode, the excitation winding independently drives the motor to run; in the third mode, the armature winding and the excitation winding jointly drive the motor to run; in the fourth mode, the armature winding drives the motor to run, and the excitation winding regulates the permanent magnetic flux; the operation is carried out in different modes in different torque and rotating speed areas, so that the multi-section high-efficiency operation is realized; and by mode switching, the healthy winding is utilized to assist the fault winding to realize strong fault-tolerant operation.
6. The fault-tolerant, multi-zone high-efficiency permanent magnet machine of claim 5, wherein the four-mode torque equations are:
wherein T represents the average value of the output torque, PrIs the number of pole pairs of the rotor, #pmoIs the permanent magnetic density of the external air gap psipmiIs an internal air gap permanent magnet flux density, kfIs the adjusting coefficient of the excitation current to the magnetic density of the external air gap permanent magnet iqoIs the armature winding q-axis current, iqiIs the q-axis current of the field winding, idiIs the field winding d-axis current.
7. The fault-tolerant, multi-zone, high-efficiency permanent magnet machine according to claim 5, wherein said four modes of operation are;
the method comprises the following steps: only q-axis current is introduced into an armature winding of the outer stator to drive the motor to operate, at the moment, the outer stator and the armature winding play a role in driving, and the inner stator and the excitation winding play a role in following;
mode II: only q-axis current is introduced into the excitation winding of the inner stator to drive the motor to run, at the moment, the inner stator and the excitation winding play an active role, and the outer stator and the armature winding play a follow-up role;
mode III: meanwhile, q-axis current is introduced into the outer stator armature winding and the inner stator exciting winding to drive the motor to operate together, at the moment, the outer stator and the armature winding play an active role, and the inner stator and the exciting winding also play an active role;
mode IV: and q-axis current is introduced into the outer stator armature winding to drive the motor to operate, and d-axis current is introduced into the inner stator excitation winding to regulate the permanent magnetic flux, so that the magnetic regulation operation is realized.
8. The fault-tolerant motor of high-efficiency permanent magnet of claim 1, wherein the high-efficiency operation of multiple zones is that: in the low rotating speed and high torque area, the motor operates in the mode III, in the middle rotating speed and middle torque area, the motor operates in the mode I, and in the high rotating speed and low torque area, the motor operates in the mode II.
9. The method for operating the multi-interval high-efficiency permanent magnet fault-tolerant motor in the high reliability manner according to claim 5, is characterized in that the method combines the characteristic that the motor can operate in four modes to switch the modes, and utilizes a healthy winding to assist a fault set to realize strong fault-tolerant operation;
when the motor is in a failure state in a mode I, switching to a mode III, inhibiting torque pulsation by current transformation phase of an armature winding, and introducing q-axis current into an excitation winding to make up for missing torque; the current transformation phase of the armature winding can be switched to a mode IV to inhibit torque pulsation, and d-axis current is introduced into the excitation winding to adjust magnetism, so that fault-tolerant operation is realized;
when the motor is in a fault state in the mode II, the mode II is switched to the mode IV, the current transformation phase of the excitation winding pushes the permanent magnetic flux to an external air gap, and at the moment, q-axis current is introduced into the armature winding to generate torque, so that fault-tolerant operation is realized.
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| CN113067446A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-07-02 | 河北工业大学 | Double-modularization hybrid excitation flux switching motor |
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| CN104319917A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-01-28 | 东南大学 | Redundant half-tooth-winding magnetic flux switching motor |
| CN105914979A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-31 | 扬州大学 | Less rare earth hybrid excitation stator and rotor double partition adjustable magnetic flux permanent magnet motor |
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